人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking 学案（含答案）

Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解作者前往澳大利亚旅游之前的准备、旅游期间的见闻以及离开之际的反思;了解不同自然环境中不同的动植物特点;思考具有象征性意义的地标是如何形成的;正确认识外国地理、历史和文化现象。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文结构,了解文章大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力和分析长难句的能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.单词匹配
第一组
(　　)1.minister　　　　(　　)2.equator
(　　)3.barbecue (　　)4.bakery
(　　)5.butcher (　　)6.premier
(　　)7.herb (　　)8.frog
(　　)9.arrow (　　)10.trunk
A.n.药草;香草;草本
B.n.部长;大臣;外交使节
C.n.蛙;青蛙
D.n.箭;箭头
E.n.树干
F.n.户外烧烤;烤架
G.n.面包(糕饼)店;面包厂
H.adj.最著名的;第一的;首要的n.总理;首相
I.n.肉贩;屠夫;刽子手
J.n.赤道
答案　1~5　BJFGI　6~10　HACDE
第二组
(　　)1.phase (　　)2.nest
(　　)3.biology (　　)4.domain
(　　)5.fence (　　)6.golf
(　　)7.strait (　　)8.sample
(　　)9.iconic (　　)10.vibrate
A.n.栅栏;围栏
B.n.海峡
C.n.样本;样品
D.vt.& vi.(使)振动
E.n.领域;领土;范围
F.n.生理;生物学
G.n.阶段;时期
H.adj.符号的;图标的
I.n.高尔夫球运动
J.n.巢穴;鸟窝;秘密窝点
答案　1~5　GJFEA　6~10　IBCHD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1.　　　　adj.政治的
2.　　　　 n.公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所);关节 adj.联合的;共同的
3.　　　　adj.位于
4.　　　　adj.坦率的;简单的
5.　　　　vt.给……命名(或题名);使享有权利
6.　　　　vi.& n.潜水;跳水;俯冲
7.　　　　n.自由;不受……影响的状态
8.　　　　vt.倡议;赞助;主办 n.(法案等的)倡议者;赞助者
9.　　　　 n.自由
10.　　　　adj.暂时的;短暂的
11.　　　　 vt.批准;许可 n.(=　　　　 )许可证;执照
12.　　　　n.一场;一段时间;会议
13.　　　　n.发生率;重复率;(声波或电磁波振动的)频率
14.　　　　 n.暴力;暴行
15.　　　　vi.孵出;破壳 vt.使孵出;策划(尤指密谋)
16.　　　　n.能力;容量
17.　　　　n.监狱;监禁
18.　　　　adj.大;宏大的
答案　1.political　2.joint　3.located　4.straightforward
5.entitle　6.dive　7.freedom　8.sponsor　9.liberty
10.temporary　11.license;licence　12.session
13.frequency　14.violence　15.hatch　16.capacity
17.prison　18.grand
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.　　　　 adj.符号的;图标的 →　　　　 n.图标;偶像
2.　　　　 n.创建;基础;地基 →　　　　 vt.创建
3.　　　　 adj.政治的 →　　　　 n.政治
4.　　　　 vt.给……命名(或题名);使享有权利→　　　　 n.名称;标题;题目
5.　　　　 n.分布;分配;分发→　　　　 vt.分布;分配
6.　　　　 adj.得到正式许可的 →　　　　 vt.批准;许可n.(=licence)许可证;执照
7.　　　　 adj.暴力的;猛烈的 →　　　　 n.暴力;暴行
答案　1.iconic;icon　2.foundation;found　3.political;politics　4.entitle;title　5.distribution;distribute　6.licensed;license　7.violent;violence
构词规律
adj.+-ce n. en-+n. v.
absent →absence缺席 significant→significance重要性 confident→confidence自信 patient→patience耐心 title→entitle给……命名(或题名);使享有权利 danger→endanger危害;危及;使遭危险 courage→encourage支持;鼓励;激励 roll→enroll登记;注册
Step 2 短语记诵
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　给……留下印象
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　做一些研究
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　把……称作……
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　主修
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　另一方面
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　导致
7.be native to 　　　　　　　
8.be in close contact with 　　　　　　　
9.breathe in 　　　　　　　
10.make up 　　　　　　　
11.play a part in... 　　　　　　　
12.feel at home 　　　　　　　
答案　1.make an impression on...　2.do some research　3.refer to...as...　4.major in　5.on the other hand　6.lead to　7.原产于……　8.与……保持密切联系　9.吸气　10.组成;编造;弥补;化妆;和好　11.在……中起作用　12.舒适自在
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn.(动词不定式作目的状语)
翻译 我打算继续用博客来记录我的经历和我学到的东西。
仿写 Doctors worked through the night 　　　　　　　　　　　of the injured man.
医生彻夜工作来拯救伤者的生命。
2.Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”.(动词-ed形式作状语)
翻译 它位于赤道以南,并在地球上处于许多其他国家的下方,因此它通常被俗称为“down under”。
仿写 　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the teacher went into the lab.
老师在学生的簇拥下走进了实验室。
答案　1.to save the life　2.Surrounded by his students
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1　先导入,拓展背景知识
Search the Internet and get as much information as you can.Try to finish the blanks.
Statue of 1.　　　　, USA Eiffel 2.　　　　,France 3.　　　　　 House, Australia
Leaning Tower of Pisa, 4.　　　 5.　　　　 Museum, China Tower 6.　　　　, UK
答案　1.Liberty　2.Tower　3.Sydney Opera　4.Italy　5.Palace　6.Bridge
Step 2　再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.What's the main idea of this passage
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答案　The passage is mainly about a writer who went to Australia to visit a friend recorded in his blog his travelling experiences in every aspect of Australia, including its food, history, Aborigines and unique multiculturalism.
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 and match the main idea of each paragraph.
(　　)1.Para.1 (　　)2.Para.2
(　　)3.Para.3 (　　)4.Para.4
(　　)5.Para.5 (　　)6.Para.6
(　　)7.Para.7 (　　)8.Para.8
(　　)9.Para.9
A.Life and customs of native Australians.
B.Location of Australia.
C.Iconic sites of Australia.
D.Food of Australia.
E.Impressions of Australia.
F.Music of Australia.
G.Instruments of Australia.
H.Tourism slogan of Australia.
I.People of Australia.
答案　1~5　BCDAF　6~9　GEIH
Ⅲ.Skim the passage on Pages 14-15. Match the blog entries to the subheadings. Write the blog entry numbers in the blanks. Two are extra.
A.The foundation of Australia
B.First impressions
C.Reflections on multiculturalism
D.Preparing to travel
E.Political divisions
F.Aborigines and the didgeridoo
1.Blog 1　　　　　　2.Blog 2　　　　
3.Blog 3　　　　　　4.Blog 4　　　　
答案　1~4　DBFC
Ⅳ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 and choose the best answers.
1.Why is Australia often referred to as “down under”
A.Because Australia is located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe.
B.Because Australia is looked down upon by the West.
C.Because Australians like to swim in the sea.
D.Because Australians don't like communicating with others.
2.Which of the following food was from Britain
A.Barbecue.
B.The Sunday roast.
C.Bean curd.
D.Asian herbs.
3.What is the main theme reflected in Aboriginal music
A.Being in close contact with nature.
B.Being connected with other countries.
C.Loving food.
D.Loving family.
4.What are the author's biggest impressions of Australia
A.So many delicious foods.
B.Some iconic sites, such as the Sydney Opera House.
C.The foods that are influenced by Asian cultures.
D.The complicated mix of peoples and cultures.
答案　1~4　ABAD
Step 3　 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with one proper word according to the passage on Pages 14-15.
Blog 1, 25 Sep. ·Australia is 1.　　　　 to the south of the 2.　　　　, below many other countries on the globe, so it's often informally referred to as “down under”. ·Although I have also read about some 3.　　　　 sites, I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life.
Blog 2, 1 Oct. ·My first impressions of Australia have been all about food! A lot of 4.　　　　 Australian food is originally British.Bakeries,cafes and restaurants provide some of the 5.　　　　 food experiences in the world. The influence of Asian cultures led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian 6.　　　　, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim.
Blog 3, 3 Oct. We're here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines, who are 7.　　　　 to Australia. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an 8.　　　　 instrument called the didgeridoo.
Blog 4, 6 Oct. My biggest 9.　　　　 is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation. What I like most about Australia is the people themselves, who have a 10.　　　　 and free-and-easy attitude towards life.
答案　1.located　2.equator　3.iconic　4.typical　5.premier　6.herbs　7.native　8.amazing　9.impression　10.straightforward
Ⅱ.长难句分析
He does this by continually breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo.
善分析 本句为主从复合句。句中while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo为(1)　　　　　　　　从句的省略形式,其完整形式为(2)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
会翻译 (3)
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答案　(1)时间状语　(2)while he is breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo　(3)演奏者可以不停地用鼻子吸气,同时通过嘴巴吐气,将气吹入迪吉里杜管中。
新知探究
核心素养
悉尼歌剧院
悉尼歌剧院(Sydney Opera House)位于澳大利亚新南威尔士州悉尼市区北部的便利朗角(Bennelong Point),于1959年3月动工建造,1973年10月正式投入使用,是澳大利亚地标式建筑。
悉尼歌剧院整体分为三个部分:歌剧厅、音乐厅以及餐厅。歌剧厅、音乐厅及休息厅并排而立,建在巨型花岗岩石基座上,各由4块大壳顶组成。2007年,悉尼歌剧院被联合国教科文组织评为世界文化遗产。
大　洋　路
大洋路位于澳大利亚墨尔本西部,是为纪念参加第一次世界大战的士兵而修建的。大洋路沿着维多利亚州西海岸蜿蜒伸展,是一条全长近300千米的海滨公路。大洋路从20世纪80年代初正式被定为国家自然公园并对游客开放。
解析教材
25 Sep
Next week I'm travelling to Australia to visit a friend there over the school holidays.I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn(1).I have already done some research on the country.Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”.
　　9月25日
下周学校放假时我要去澳大利亚拜访那里的一个朋友。我打算继续用博客来记录我的经历和我学到的东西。我已经对这个国家做了一些研究。它位于赤道以南,并在地球上处于许多其他国家的下方,因此它通常被俗称为“down under”。
【助读点拨】
(1)what引导宾语从句。
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　　I have also read about some iconic sites, such as the Sydney Opera House and the Great Ocean Road, and animals like the cute koalas and kangaroos.I can't wait to see all of them! However, as I major in social studies(2), I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life.
　　我也读过关于澳大利亚一些标志性景点的文章,比如悉尼歌剧院和大洋路,还有像可爱的考拉和袋鼠这样的动物,我迫不及待地想看到它们了!然而,由于我的专业是社会研究,所以我更感兴趣的是认识澳大利亚人和体验他们的文化、食物和生活方式。
【助读点拨】
(2)as引导原因状语从句。
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1 Oct
I'm here in Sydney! Since I arrived(3), my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me, so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food! A lot of typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast, is originally British.Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim.
　　10月1日
我现在就在悉尼! 自从我来到这里,我的朋友带我去吃了这辈子第一次的露天烧烤,还和我分享了许多不同的美食,所以我对澳大利亚的第一印象都是关于食物的! 很多典型的澳大利亚食物,比如周日烤肉,都起源于英国。随处可见的面包店、快餐店、肉铺、咖啡馆和餐馆都提供一些世界顶级的美食体验。另一方面,在亚洲文化的影响下,除了像灵感源自中国的点心之类的澳大利亚版的食物以外,豆腐和亚洲香草也被引进了。
【助读点拨】
(3)Since引导时间状语从句。
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　　3 Oct
My friend and I have arrived in Katherine, a town in Australia's Northern Territory.We're here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines, who are native to Australia(4).The Aboriginal population might be small, but its influence is still visible.For example, “Bondi” in “Bondi Beach” is an Aboriginal word meaning “water breaking over rocks”(5).
　　10月3日
我和朋友来到了澳大利亚北部地区的一个叫凯瑟琳的小镇。我们来这里是为了了解澳大利亚土著居民的生活和习俗。土著人口可能很少,但其影响仍然可见。例如,“邦迪海滩”中的“邦迪”就是一个土著词,意思是“拍打着岩石的海浪”。
【助读点拨】
(4)who引导定语从句,先行词为the Aborigines。
(5)此处为动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰名词word。
　　To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.This shows in their music, too, which celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them(6).Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo(7).
　　为了在海上这片广阔的土地上生存下来,土著居民必须与大自然保持密切的联系。这也体现在歌颂他们周围的自然世界和精神世界的音乐中。他们的大多数乐器其实就是地上找到的树枝,其中有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的神奇乐器。
【助读点拨】
(6)which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为their music。
(7)此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为their musical instruments。
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　　The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch which is hollow(8).To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips(9).Unlike a horn, there are no finger holes.The didgeridoo player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch.A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe.He does this by continually breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo.I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument!(10)
　　迪吉里杜管是由中空的树枝制成的。要吹迪吉里杜管,你要把嘴放在(管子的)一端,一边吹一边振动嘴唇。与喇叭不同,迪吉里杜管没有指孔。迪吉里杜管演奏者必须改变嘴形才能改变音高。一个熟练的演奏者可以长时间吹奏,不用停下来换气。演奏者可以不停地用鼻子吸气,同时通过嘴巴吐气,将气吹入迪吉里杜管中。我试着学习吹奏方式,但经过几个小时的努力,我确信我永远无法用这个乐器吹出音乐声!
【助读点拨】
(8)which引导定语从句,先行词为a tree branch。
(9)此处为时间状语从句的省略,其完整形式为while you are vibrating your lips。
(10)that引导宾语从句。
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6 Oct
It's almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia.I've enjoyed my time here very much.After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation(11).Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture(12), minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants(13).It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
　　10月6日
差不多是我跟澳大利亚说再见的时候了。我在这里过得很愉快。在这里待了一段时间后,我印象最深的是,不同种族和文化的交融构成了这个国家。虽然自1788年以来,它主要受西方文化的影响,但少数民族文化也在塑造独特的澳大利亚文化方面发挥了作用,还有许多随着移民而来的新文化的影响。据说现在将近一半的澳大利亚公民要么他们自己在海外出生,要么其父母在海外出生。
【助读点拨】
(11)that引导定语从句,先行词为peoples and cultures。
(12)Although引导让步状语从句。
(13)此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语many of the new cultural influences与动词contribute之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
　　Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia(14) is the people themselves.They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went(15).
　　就我个人而言,我最喜欢的是澳大利亚的人。他们对生活有一种直率、洒脱的态度。无论我走到哪里,他们的友好和温暖都让我感到宾至如归。
【助读点拨】
(14)what引导主语从句。
(15)wherever引导让步状语从句。
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　　After experiencing Australia, I have to say that I agree with the tourism slogan(16): “There's nothing like Australia.”
　　在澳大利亚旅游之后,我不得不说,我同意那个旅游口号:“澳大利亚无与伦比。”
【助读点拨】
(16)that引导宾语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1　foundation n.创建;基础;地基 *found vt.(founded, founded)创立;建立
*founder n.创办者;发起人
(牛津词典)The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school.
建筑工人正开始给新学校打地基。
知识拓展
lay the foundation(s) for sth为某事打下基础
without foundation无根据的;凭空
shake/rock the foundations of sth=shake/rock sth to its foundations从根本上动摇某物
found sth on sth把……基于;把……建立在
经典佳句
The explosion shook the foundations of the houses nearby.
爆炸动摇了附近房屋的地基。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)Your diet choices lay the foundation 　　　　your entire day and your long-term health.
(2)The organization has grown enormously since its 　　　　(found) in 1955.
(3)A happy marriage should 　　　　(found) on love and mutual respect.
答案　(1)for　(2)foundation　(3)be founded
知识点2　locate v.位于; 查找……的地点; 确定……的位置 *located adj.位于;坐落在 *location n.位置;地点;定位
(P14)Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”.
它位于赤道以南,并在地球上处于许多其他国家的下方,因此它通常被俗称为“down under”。
知识拓展
locate sb in/at...发现某人在某处
locate in...位于
be located in/on坐落于某处
经典佳句
All the teachers are against the idea of locating the new teaching building beside the sports ground.They suggest the new building should be located in the center of the school, although learning is independent of time, location or the presence of a teacher.
所有的老师都反对把新教学大楼安置在运动场旁边的想法。尽管学习与时间、地点或教师的在场与否无关,他们仍然建议新建筑应该位于学校的中心。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I have to find a convenient 　　　　(locate) for the shelves.
(2)It's one of the world's largest chains of golf shops,　　　　(locate) in the heart of Shanghai.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)As for where exactly you should go for the week's trip, I recommend the Summer Palace, the largest surviving royal garden in China, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
至于你应该去哪里参加一周的旅行,我推荐颐和园,这是中国现存最大的皇家园林。 它位于北京市海淀区。
(4)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the Palace Museum is the symbol of ancient Chinese palace buildings.That is why I strongly advise you to visit it.
故宫博物院位于北京市中心,是中国古代宫殿建筑的象征。 那就是我强烈建议你去参观它的原因。
答案　(1)location　(2)located　(3)which is located in Haidian District,Beijing　(4)Located in the center of Beijing
知识点3　joint n.公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所); 关节 adj. 联合的;共同的 *jointly adv.共同地
(P14)Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.
随处可见的面包店、快餐店、肉铺、咖啡馆和餐馆都提供一些世界顶级的美食体验。
知识拓展
a joint effort共同的努力
out of joint混乱;紊乱
out of joint with与……不相称
经典佳句
We did it together; it was a joint effort.
这是我们一起干的,是共同努力的结果。
The event was organized jointly by students and teachers.
这项赛事是由师生共同组织的。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)As you become older, 　　　　　　　will get stiff.
随着你的年龄增加, 你的关节就会变僵硬。
(2)All things there are 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
那里的一切都乱七八糟。
(3)We recognize that global warming should be reduced 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我们认识到, 缓解全球变暖需要我们共同的努力。
答案　(1)your joints　(2)out of joint　(3)by our joint effort
知识点4　hollow adj.中空的;空心的n.洞;孔vt.挖
(P15)The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch which is hollow.
迪吉里杜管是由中空的树枝制成的。
知识拓展
hollow eyes/cheeks空洞的双眼/凹陷的双颊
hollow promises/threats空洞的许诺;虚张声势的威胁
hollow sth out挖空(某物);挖出(孔、洞)
经典佳句
The tree trunk was hollow inside.
这树干里面是空的。
The cave has been hollowed out of the mountainside.
窑洞是在半山腰挖成的。
易混辨析
empty、vacant和hollow的用法辨析:
单词 用法
empty 具有“空无一物”的隐含意义,可以用来修饰box、vessel、cupboard、bag、purse、room、house、street、stomach、head等词
(续表)
单词 用法
vacant 着重指临时性的情况,如vacant seat、vacant apartment、vacant position等
hollow 常与tree、ball、cheeks、voice、sound等词连用,既可用以指实物的“中空”,又可指 words、promises、compliments的“虚假”,用于后者时是比喻意义
融会应用　单句写作
(1)The squirrel 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at the base of the tree.
松鼠消失在树下的一个洞里。
(2)Will their good intentions become realities or 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
他们的善意会变为现实还是成为虚伪的允诺呢
答案　(1)disappeared in a hollow　(2)hollow promises
知识点5　vibrate vt.&vi.(使)振动 *vibration n.震动;颤动
(P15)To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips.
要吹迪吉里杜管,你要把嘴放在(管子的)一端,一边吹一边振动嘴唇。
知识拓展
vibrate with因……而颤动
vibrate in the breeze在微风中抖动
the level of vibration震动的程度
经典佳句
The ground shook and the cliffs seemed to vibrate.
大地摇晃,悬崖似乎在震动。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The atmosphere seemed to vibrate 　　　　tension.
(2)The 　　　　(vibrate) of the engine made the children sleepy.
答案　(1)with　(2)vibration
短 语 句 式
知识点6　in contact with与……有联系
(P14)To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.
为了在海上这片广阔的土地上生存下来,土著居民必须与大自然保持密切的联系。
知识拓展
make contact with sb与某人联络
get into/in contact with sb与某人取得联系
keep in contact with sb与某人保持联系
lose contact with sb与某人失去联系
be in/out of contact with sb与某人有/没有联系
经典佳句
Have the children been in contact with the disease
孩子们同这种疾病有过接触吗
Have you kept in contact with your classmates after graduation
你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗
名师点拨
keep in contact with和be in/out of contact with表示状态,可与表示时间段的词连用,而make/get into/lose contact with表示动作,不能与表示时间段的词连用。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Tom told me that I could get 　　　　contact with him through WeChat.
(2)Do write to me as often as you can.I don't want to lose contact 　　　　you.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(3)It has been 5 years since they lost contact with each other.
→They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　each other for 5 years.
(4)We have kept in contact with each other since graduation from college.
→We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　each other since graduation from college.
答案　(1)into/in　(2)with　(3)have been out of contact with　(4)have been in contact with
知识点7　make up组成;编造(说法、解释等);弥补;补偿;化妆;和好;整理
(P15)After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation.
在这里待了一段时间后,我印象最深的是不同种族和文化的交融构成了这个国家。
知识拓展
make up for 弥补;补偿
make out 辨认出;弄清;理解
make sense 有意义;讲得通
make sense of 理解;弄懂
makes a difference 有影响;有关系
make use of 使用;利用
be made up of由……组成
经典佳句
As a child,my being short was made use of by my students to make fun of me. Unluckily,I didn't make sense of it at that time. I thought they were too young to make out what was right and what was wrong. However,I was upset about it all day. Later,I worked hard to make up for that. Now,it makes a difference.
小时候,我因为个子矮被学生们取笑。不幸的是,我当时没有意识到这一点。我认为他们太小了,无法分辨是非。然而,我一整天都在为它苦恼。后来,我努力弥补。现在,它起了作用。
名师点拨
表示“由……组成”的短语还有consist of、be composed of等。
融会应用　写出下列句中make up的含义
(1)Peasants make up over 80 percent of the population in that developing country. 　　　
(2)She spent an hour making up before the party to look more attractive. 　　　
(3)When she was asked why she was late, she made up an excuse to the teacher. 　　　
(4)Leave this notice hanging on your door, asking the servant to make up your room. 　　　
(5)The two finally made up after two months' time without even a single word. 　　　
答案　(1)组成　(2)化妆　(3)编造　(4)整理　(5)和好
知识点8　动词-ed形式作状语
(P14)Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”.
它位于赤道以南,并在地球上处于许多其他国家的下方,因此它通常被俗称为“down under”。
知识拓展
(1)句中的Located to the south of the equator是动词-ed形式作(原因)状语。
(2)动词-ed形式在句中作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。动词-ed形式的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致;动词-ed形式表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。
Built of steel,this machine has greater strength.
由于这台机器是用钢制成的,它强度更好。
Stopped by the guard,he produced his identity card.
当他被卫兵拦住后,他出示了自己的身份证。
融会应用　用动词-ed形式作状语改写下列句子
(1)Because his business was well managed, it soon took off.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)The woman scientist entered the room, and was followed by her assistants.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)He was caught in a heavy rain, so he was late for work again.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　
(1)Well managed, his business soon took off.
(2)The woman scientist entered the room, followed by her assistants.
(3)Caught in a heavy rain,he was late for work again.
知识点9　It is said that...
(P15)It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
据说现在将近一半的澳大利亚公民要么他们自己在海外出生,要么其父母在海外出生。
知识拓展
句中的It is said that...是固定句式,意思是“据说……”。其中It为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。
类似的句式还有:
It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is well-known that...众所周知……
It is supposed that...据推测……
It is said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
据说人类天生就具备了说话的能力。
It is reported that the United Nations General Assembly will be held in New York.
据报道,联合国大会将在纽约举行。
名师点拨
上述结构可改为sb/sth be said (thought/believed/hoped...) to do,根据动词不定式to do和谓语动词之间的时间先后关系来判定动词不定式的时态。
融会应用　用it作形式主语改写下列句子
(1)He is supposed to be working in that big company.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)He is said to have written a new book about workers.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)He is thought to often help people in need.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　
(1)It is supposed that he is working in that big company.
(2)It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
(3)It is thought that he often helps people in need.
2