人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration Reading and Thinking 学案（含答案）

Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文,了解郑和的事迹及其做出的贡献;树立正确的史观,从人类命运共同体的高度,探讨“一带一路”对促进多元文明交流、国际合作开展的深远意义;了解海洋探索的意义,思考如何确保保护环境与开发利用海洋之间的平衡。 (文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文,培养略读和查读等阅读能力,培养分析长难句的能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
第一组
(　　)1.fleet　　　　　　　(　　)2.behold
(　　)3.spice (　　)4.maritime
(　　)5.tournament (　　)6.mixture
(　　)7.laptop (　　)8.manned
(　　)9.submersible (　　)10.underwater
A.adj.海的;海运的;海事的
B.n.混合;结合体;混合物
C.n.锦标赛;联赛
D.n.(调味)香料
E.n.舰队;机群;车队
F.adj.有人控制的;需人操纵的
G.adv.在水下adj.水下的
H.n.潜水器;可潜船
I.n.笔记本电脑;便携式电脑
J.vt.看;看见
答案　1~5　EJDAC　6~10　BIFHG
第二组
(　　)1.coral (　　)2.migration
(　　)3.directory (　　)4.meanwhile
(　　)5.exploit (　　)6.gallon
(　　)7.marine
A.n.名录;电话号码簿;(计算机文件或程序的)目录
B.vt.开发;利用;剥削
C.n.加仑(容积单位,1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
D.n.迁移;迁徙;移居
E.adv.与此同时;(比较两方面)对比之下
F.adj.海的;海产的;海生的
G.n.珊瑚
答案　1~7　GDAEBCF
Ⅱ.默写单词
1.　　　　 n.故事;叙述
2.　　　　 n.商人;批发商 adj.海上货运的
3.　　　　 vt.扩展;使伸长;延长
4.　　　　 n.等级;水平;联合会;联赛
5.　　　　 adj.皇家的;王室的;高贵的
6.　　　　 vi.&vt.(使)撤回;撤离
7.　　　　 n.航道;海峡;频道
8.　　　　 n.纽带;关系 vt.&vi.增强信任关系;使牢固结合
9.　　　　 n.政治;政治观点
10.　　　　 n.职业;行业
11.　　　　 vt.&vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
12.　　　　 vt.对……征税;使纳税 n.税;税款
13.　　　　 vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀
14.　　　　 n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
15.　　　　 n.反对者;对手;竞争者
16.　　　　 vt.把……载入正式记录;记录 n.正式记录;日志;原木
17.　　　　 n.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止
答案　1.tale　2.merchant　3.extend　4.league
5.royal　6.withdraw　7.channel　8.bond　9.politics
10.profession　11.applaud　12.tax　13.murder
14.mercy　15.opponent　16.log　17.arrest
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.　　　　 vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→　　　　 n.谈判;磋商;协商
2.　　　　 n.混合;结合体;混合物→　　　　 v.混合
3.　　　　n.新闻报道;覆盖范围 →　　　　 v.报道;覆盖
4.　　　　 n.迁移;迁徙;移居 →　　　　 v.迁移;迁徙;移居 →　　　　 n.移民;候鸟
5.　　　　 n. [usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制→　　　　 vt.拥有;控制
答案　1.negotiate;negotiation　2.mixture;mix
3.coverage;cover　4.migration;migrate; migrant
5.possession;possess
构词规律
v.+-ion →n. v.+-age →n.
possess→possession 个人财产;拥有 adopt→adoption 采纳;收养 appreciate→appreciation 欣赏;鉴定;感激 attract→attraction 吸引;爱慕 celebrate→celebration 庆祝;庆典 cover→coverage 新闻报道;覆盖范围 marry →marriage 结婚;婚姻 use→usage 使用;用法 post→postage 邮资;邮费 pack→package 包裹
Step 2 短语记诵
1.　　　　　　　　　　　 起航;开航
2.　　　　　　　　　　　 退出;撤回
3.　　　　　　　　　　　 在手头;可供使用
4.　　　　　　　　　　　 作为对……的报答/交换
5.　　　　　　　　　　　 谈论
6.　　　　　　　　　　　 采取行动
7.as well as　　　　　　　　　　
8.under the command of 　　　　　　　　　　
9.for the benefit of 　　　　　　　　　　
10.in a league of one's own　　　　　　　　　　
11.press conference 　　　　　　　　　　
12.reach out across the sea　　　　　　　　　　
答案　1.set sail　2.withdraw from　3.in hand
4.in return for　5.talk of　6.take action　7.以及;除……之外(也);此外　8.在……的指挥下　9.为了……的利益　10.独领风骚　11.记者招待会;新闻发布会　12.远渡重洋
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. (介词后跟宾语从句)
翻译 在古代,中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马,这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
仿写 I often think about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我常想起我遇见你的地方。
2.Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.(状语从句的省略)
翻译 几个世纪以来,贸易的进一步发展使得对中国以西地区的探索增多了,正如8世纪杜环的《经行记》中所记载的那样。
仿写 He won't go there with us 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
答案　1.where I met you　2.unless invited
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1　先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Listen to the song Sailing and answer the following questions.
1.Who is the singer of this song
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.Can you say something about the singer
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.What emotions did the singer express using the sea in the song
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.How do you feel when listening to the song
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　1.Rod Stewart.　2.略　3.略　4.略
Ⅱ.Name each sport according to the pictures.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　　
答案　1.diving　2.surfing　3.water skiing　4.jet skiing
Step 2　再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.What is the text type of the passage on Pages 26-27
A.Narrative writing.
B.Argumentative writing.
C.Expository writing.
D.Descriptive writing.
答案　C
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 and match each paragraph with its main idea.
(　　)1.Para.1　　　　　(　　)2.Para.2
(　　)3.Para.3 (　　)4.Para.4
(　　)5.Para.5 (　　)6.Para.6
(　　)7.Para.7
A.The Ming Dynasty's further exploration.
B.To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
C.Something about the Silk Road.
D.The importance of trade and curiosity.
E.Something will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
F.The aim of the Belt and Road Initiative.
G.China's cooperation with its friends across the sea on other important projects.
答案　1~7　DCABFGE
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 and choose the best answers.
1.What inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east
A.Columbus's curiosity.
B.Marco Polo's tales.
C.Merchants returning from the East.
D.The wealth of the East.
2.The Silk Road included the following places EXCEPT　　　　.
A.India　　　　　　　
B.the Middle East
C.Rome
D.Japan
3.Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets sailed west to　　　　.
A.help the poor countries
B.give the advanced experience to the local government
C.explore and trade with the local government
D.get rid of all the pirates(海盗)
4.What can we disagree with about the Belt and Road Initiative
A.It is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.
B.It is to strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
C.It will help to greatly develop the whole area and benefit future trade and cultural exchange.
D.It will get rid of all kinds of wars.
答案　1~4　BDCD
Step 3　后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 26-27.
China
In ancient times The way The route
The 1.　　　　　　 Road by land From China to India, the Middle East, and Rome
A 2.　　　　　　 route across the sea Extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred on 3.　　　　　　(now Sri Lanka)
The 4.　　　　　 Dynasty Zheng He led seven large fleets. From the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of 5.　　　　　　　　　　, and then to the east coast of Africa
Today The 21st Century 6.　　　　　　 Silk Road Its aim To strengthen the 7.　　　　　
To encourage cooperation and trade
Explore other places, like 8.　　　　　　　　
答案　1.Silk　2.trading　3.Ceylon　4.Ming　5.the Red Sea　6.Maritime　7.bonds　8.the Arctic
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1.Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures.
善分析 句中动词不定式短语to negotiate trade deals作(1)　　　　　　,which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures 为关系代词which引导的(2)　　　　　　　　　　从句,修饰主句。
会翻译 (3)
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)目的状语　(2)非限制性定语　(3)在这里,来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起协商贸易协议,这也让他们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。
2.Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times,there are still many other places left to explore.
善分析 句中Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times 为although引导的(1)　　　　　　从句;过去分词短语left to explore作(2)　　　　　　,修饰places。
会翻译 (3)
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)让步状语　(2)后置定语　(3)虽然郑和的古代海上航线已经走过很多次了,但仍有许多地方有待探索。
新知探究
解析教材
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did(1).
　　远渡重洋
　　贸易和好奇心往往构成人类最伟大成就的基础。处于早期文明的人类对完成这幅伟大的世界地图有着强烈的热情。马可·波罗的故事激发了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。然而,在哥伦布第一次起航的很多年前,东方的商人和探险家们就从东向西航行了。
【助读点拨】
(1)before引导时间状语从句。
　　In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road(2).A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures(3).Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century(4).
　　在古代,中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马,这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸,以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心。在这里,来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起协商贸易协议,这也让他们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。几个世纪以来,贸易的进一步发展使得对中国以西地区的探索增多了,正如8世纪杜环的《经行记》中所记载的那样。
【助读点拨】
(2)what引导宾语从句。
(3)which引导非限制性定语从句。
(4)as recorded...是状语从句的省略形式。
　　Later, the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.Under the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold, silk, and spices. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433 (5), these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
　　后来,明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的联系。1405年到1433年间,7艘大型船队向西航行,进行贸易和探索。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观,独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下,他们从中国南海起航,穿过印度洋,到达红海口,然后到达非洲东海岸。非洲王室用长颈鹿等礼物作为友谊的象征,以换取黄金、丝绸和香料。虽然中国在1433年以后停止了进一步的探险活动,但几个世纪以来,这些陆地和海洋的路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
【助读点拨】
(5)Although引导让步状语从句。
　　To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative(6).
　　今天,远渡重洋仍然是人们的强烈愿望。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出,郑和航行过的古代航道再度受到关注。
【助读点拨】
(6)which引导非限制性定语从句。
　　The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange(7).
　　这一倡议的目的是鼓励在历史悠久的丝绸之路地区开展合作和贸易,加强中国与世界其他地区的联系。近年来,贸易有了很大的增长,而且在未来几年内还会继续增长。中国已经在这些线路的系统和服务上投资了数十亿,这将有助于整个地区的大力发展,有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
【助读点拨】
(7)which引导非限制性定语从句。
　　China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects. Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times(8), there are still many other places left to explore.In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
　　Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
　　中国还与海洋彼岸的友邦一起参与了其他重要项目。虽然郑和的古代海上航线已经走过很多次了,但仍有许多地方有待探索。近年来,中国与其他国家一道开展了几次北极考察。从科学的角度来看,迫切需要对北极地区进行研究,以便了解气候变化及其影响。
数百年过去了,由于拥有了最新技术,贸易需求和增进关系的愿望将推动中国远渡重洋,走向遥远的未来。
【助读点拨】
(8)Although引导让步状语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1　extend v.扩大;扩展;延长;使延期 *extension n.延伸;扩大;延期 *extendable adj.可延长的 *extensive adj.广阔的
(P26)A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸,以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心。
知识拓展
extend from...to... 从……延伸到……
extend out 伸出;向外扩展
extend to... 达到;伸展到
extended family (几代同堂的)大家庭
经典佳句
There are plans to extend the no-smoking area.
现已有扩大无烟区的计划。
Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car.
精心保养可延长您汽车的寿命。
易混辨析
extend、expand、enlarge和increase的用法辨析:
“延伸”,指时间、空间、长度、宽度的延展或延长
“扩展;扩大”,指面积、体积或范围等的扩张
“扩大;放大”,指大小、程度或容量等的放大、扩大
“增加;增长”,普通用语,多指数量的增长
The restaurant has recently extended its opening hours.
该餐馆最近延长了营业时间。
The air in the balloon expands when heated.
当气球受热时,气球里面的空气会膨胀起来。
The gallery is seeking to enlarge its holdings of Danish art.
画廊正试图扩大丹麦艺术作品的馆藏。
To increase the number of products, we must make full use of our resources.
为了增加产品的数量,我们必须充分利用资源。
融会应用　翻译句子
(1)这条路绵延数英里。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)老板把我们的假期延长了四天。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)你可以通过读书来增长知识。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　
(1)The road extends for miles.
(2)The boss extended our holiday for another four days.
(3)You can enlarge your knowledge by reading books.
知识点2　negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商 *negotiation n.谈判;协商 *negotiator n.谈判者 *negotiable adj.可谈判的;可协商的
(P26)Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures.
在这里,来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起协商贸易协议,这也让他们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。
知识拓展
negotiate about/for sth 就某事进行谈判
negotiate sb into doing sth 通过谈判使某人做某事
negotiate with sb about sth 就某事与某人进行谈判
经典佳句
We have been negotiating for more pay.
我们一直在为增加工资进行协商。
We finally negotiated them into making concessions.
我们终于通过谈判使他们做出了让步。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The two countries are negotiating　　　　 a peaceful settlement.
(2)They have decided to negotiate　　　　the boss about their wage claims.
(3)We reached an agreement after a year of　　　　 (negotiate).
答案　(1)about/for　(2)with　(3)negotiation
知识点3　awareness n.认识;意识 *aware adj.意识到的;知道的;察觉到的 *unaware adj.没意识到的; 不知道的
(P26)Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures.
在这里,来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起协商贸易协议,这也让他们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。
知识拓展
develop an awareness of 逐渐意识到……
raise awareness of 提高……的意识
be aware that... 知道……;意识到……
be/become aware of 知道/意识到
make sb aware of 使某人意识到
经典佳句
As far as I am aware, most of people are aware of the importance of environmental protection. But we still need to take some measures to make more people aware of it.
就我所知,大多数人都知道环境保护的重要性。但我们仍然需要采取一些措施来让更多的人意识到这一点。
名师点拨
aware可用well或quite等词修饰,但不用very修饰。
Research workers are well aware that much of their time and effort is unproductive.
研究人员很清楚,他们的很多时间和精力全部是白费的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The campaign aims to raise　　　　 (aware) of the dangers of passive smoking.
(2)You'd better be aware　　　　 the importance of being punctual.
Ⅱ.句型转换
(3)As a member of the society, I realize that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
→As a member of the society, I 　　　　　　　　being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
答案　(1)awareness　(2)of　(3)am/become aware that
知识点4　league n.等级;水平;联合会;联赛
(P26)These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
这些船队在当时蔚为壮观, 独领风骚。
知识拓展
in a different league 不属同一级别
in the same league 属于同一级别/水平
in league (with sb) (与……)秘密串通/勾结
out of one's league 配不上;高攀不起
in a league of one's own独领风骚
经典佳句
They're in a different league from us.
他们与我们不属同一个级别。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)Tracy and her sister are not　　　　 the same league.
(2)He is a bit 　　　　of your league.
(3)The man was privately in league　　　　 some bandits(歹徒).
答案　(1)in　(2)out　(3)with
知识点5　withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew, withdrawn) (使)撤回;撤离;提取(银行账户的存款);停止提供 *withdrawn adj.内向的;沉默寡言的
(P26)Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
虽然中国在1433年以后停止了进一步的探险活动,但几个世纪以来,这些陆地和海洋的路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
知识拓展
withdraw one's criticism 撤回批评
withdraw from 退出;撤回
withdraw money 提款
经典佳句
I want to withdraw a statement I made earlier.
我想收回我早些时候发表的一项声明。
John withdrew from school a year before he graduated.
约翰在毕业的前一年退学了。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The leader promised to support the plan, but he plans　　　　 (withdraw) it now.
(2)The horse had been withdrawn 　　　　the race.
(3)Tom must present his cheque card when he　　　　 (withdraw) any money.
答案　(1)to withdraw　(2)from　(3)withdraws
知识点6　bond n.纽带;关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系;使牢固结合
(P27)The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas,and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
这一倡议的目的是鼓励在历史悠久的丝绸之路地区开展合作和贸易,加强中国与世界其他地区的联系。
知识拓展
a bond between ……之间的联系
bond...to 把……粘在……上;使……结合
经典佳句
A strong spiritual bond exists between them.
他们之间存在着强烈的精神纽带。
This glue makes a good firm bond.
这种胶水粘得很牢。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)There's a bond 　　　　the twins.
(2)Silver overlay is bonded　　　　the entire surface.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)In half a dozen words, he had explained 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他用了六七个字就解释清楚了他们之间的关系。
答案　(1)between　(2)to 　(3)the bond that linked them
短 语 句 式
知识点7　set sail起航;开航
(P26) However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
然而,在哥伦布第一次起航的很多年前,东方的商人和探险家们就从东向西航行了。
知识拓展
set sail for 开船/起航前往……
set up 建立;安装;设置;引发
set out出发;动身;启程;开始工作;安排;布置;陈述;阐明
set off动身;出发;引发;激起;使(警报)响起;使(炸弹等)爆炸
set about开始;着手
go for a sail 乘船游览
经典佳句
He loaded his vessel with another cargo and set sail.
他给自己的船装上另一批货后便起航了。
名师点拨
set sail for 表示“开船/起航前往……”,该短语中的for不能换成to。与此用法相同的短语还有leave for“动身前往……”、set off for “动身去……”等。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)Christopher Columbus set sail　　　　the New World in the Santa Maria.
(2)They go 　　　　a sail down the Thames.
(3)Some professionals warn that if the US government cannot raise the debt ceiling, it may set　　　　 a financial crisis.
答案　(1)for 　(2)for　(3)off
知识点8　in return for 作为对……的报答/交换
(P26)African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold, silk, and spices.
非洲王室用长颈鹿等礼物作为友谊的象征,以换取黄金、丝绸和香料。
知识拓展
in return 反过来;作为交换;作为回报
in turn 依次;转而
by turns 轮流
经典佳句
I sent him a present in return for his help.
为了报答他的帮助,我给他送了份礼物。
I'll sell at a discount in return for a speedy sale.
为了尽快售出,我会打折销售。
名师点拨
“in+n.”的短语还有in use“在使用中”、 in danger“处于危险中”、 in trouble“有麻烦”、 in person“亲自”、 in detail“详细地”、 in charge“负责”、 in conclusion“最后”等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)We offer an excellent education to our students.　　　　 return, we expect students to work hard.
(2)He gave her some roses in return　　　　 her kindness.
(3)What happens in the world makes us happy and sad　　　　 turns.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
(4)如果我们微笑面对生活,生活也会以微笑回报我们。

答案　(1)In　(2)for　(3)by　(4)If we smile at life, life will smile on us in return.
知识点9　in hand在手头;可供使用
(P27)Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了,由于拥有了最新技术,贸易需求和增进关系的愿望将推动中国远渡重洋,走向遥远的未来。
知识拓展
at hand 在手边;在近处;即将到来
by hand 用手工
经典佳句
I usually have a few days' leave in hand at the end of the year.
年底的时候我手头通常会有几天假期。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)She always has her dictionary 　　　　hand when she is reading.
(2)My shoes were made 　　　　hand.
(3)The examinations are 　　　　hand.
(4)We don't move until we get the treasure 　　　　hand.
答案　(1)at　(2)by　(3)at　(4)in
知识点10　what引导名词性从句
(P26)In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road.
在古代,中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马,这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
知识拓展
句中的what became known as the Silk Road为what引导的名词性从句,作介词along的宾语。
what在名词性从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。该从句在结构上相当于“the+名词+定语从句”。
People in Chongqing are proud of what they have achieved in the past ten years.=People in Chongqing are proud of the things that they have achieved in the past ten years.
重庆人对他们过去十年来所取得的成就感到自豪。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)We now live in 　　　　　　　　　　the Information Age.
我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。
(2)What we can't get seems better than　　　　　　　　　　.
我们得不到的东西似乎比我们已经拥有的东西更好。
(3)China is no longer　　　　　　　　　　 ten years ago.
中国不再是十年前的样子了。
答案　(1)what is called　(2)what we already have　(3)what it used to be
知识点11　状语从句的省略
(P26)Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
几个世纪以来,贸易的进一步发展使得对中国以西地区的探索增多了,正如8世纪杜环的《经行记》中所记载的那样。
知识拓展
句中的as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century为状语从句的省略形式,其完整形式为as it was recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century。
(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有动词be时,可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
(2)当状语从句中含有“it+be”时,可将it和be省略。
(3)其他状语从句的省略形式:if any“如果有的话”;if so“如果是这样的话”;if not“如果不这样的话”。
He won't come unless (he is) invited.
除非受到邀请,他才肯来。
Whenever (it is)possible, they would stop him and ask him three questions.
可能的话,他们将让他停下来并问他三个问题。
What action, if any, do you take
若有的话,你会采取什么措施
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if　　　　 (carry) out regularly,can improve our health.
(2)—Who should be responsible for the accident
—The boss,not the workers.They just carried out the order as　　　　 (tell).
(3)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If　　　　,we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)Whenever I am informed of a party, I feel excited.(改为省略句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I feel excited.
答案　(1)carried　(2)told　(3)so　(4)Whenever informed of a party
知识点12　there is/was a need for sb to do sth
(P27)From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
从科学的角度来看,迫切需要对北极地区进行研究,以便了解气候变化及其影响。
知识拓展
句中含有固定句式there is/was a need for sb to do sth,意思是“对某人而言有必要做某事”。
There is no need (for sb) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事。
There is some/no doubt about/that...对……有一些/没有疑问。
There is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义。
There's no need for you to be concerned about his future.
你没有必要担心他的未来。
Judging from his tone, there's no doubt he is against it.
听他的语气,便知他是反对的。
There is no sense developing industry at the cost of the environment.
以环境为代价来发展工业是毫无意义的。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 me your answer now.Give it some thought and then let me know.
现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。多思考一下,再让我知道。
(2)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way.
毫无疑问他是想帮忙的,但事实上他帮了倒忙。
(3)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 him to change his mind, for he was very stubborn.
劝说他改变主意没有意义,因为他非常固执。
答案　(1)There is no need to tell　(2)There is no doubt that　(3)There was no sense (in) advising
2