人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Sharing Learning About Language 学案 （含答案）

Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过理解教材例句,复习短语的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化短语的用法,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1　disabled adj.有残疾的;丧失能力的 *disable vt.使失去能力;使伤残;使不能运转 *disability n.残疾;缺陷;障碍 *able adj.能够;有才能的 *unable adj.未能;无法 *enable vt.使能够;使可能 *ability n.能力
(P40)One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job.
我的一个梦想是在非洲工作,并且在我辞职之后继续帮助残疾人。
知识拓展
physically/mentally disabled 生理残疾/有心理缺陷
be able to do sth 能够做某事
enable sb to do...使某人有能力做……
have the ability to do sth有做某事的能力
经典佳句
It is admitted that nowadays people's attitude towards the disabled has changed a lot.
公认的是,现在人们对残疾人的态度已经有了很大的改变。
An accident disabled him from playing football.
一场意外事故使他不能踢足球。
名师点拨
“the + 形容词”表示性质或特征相同的一类人, 如: the disabled“残疾人”; the deaf“聋人”; the dead“死者”;the blind“盲人”。此时, 谓语动词通常用复数形式。
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
富人不一定总比穷人幸福。
融会应用　用able的适当形式填空
(1)The illness　　　　the girl and left her　　　　to dance and work.
(2)The singer was unwise to choose songs which lay beyond his　　　　.
(3)There are toilet facilities for the　　　　.
(4)Only teamwork will 　　　　us to get the job done on time.
答案　(1)disabled;unable　(2)ability　(3)disabled　(4)enable
知识点2　resign v.辞职;放弃或辞去(工作、职位等) *resignation n.辞职;辞呈;顺从;听任 *resigned adj.屈从的;顺从的
(P40)One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job.
我的一个梦想是在非洲工作,并且在我辞职之后继续帮助残疾人。
知识拓展
resign from 放弃……;辞去……
resign (one's post) as... 辞去(某人的)……职位
resign oneself to (doing) sth 使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于(无法改变的不愉快现状)
经典佳句
Mary resigned from office last week.
上周玛丽辞职了。
The team refused to resign themselves to being defeated.
该团队不甘于接受失败。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)He had to resign 　　　　his job because of his illness.
(2)I will never 　　　　(resign) to my fate.
答案　(1)from　(2)be resigned
知识点3　deserve vt.值得;应得;应受 *deserved adj.应得的;理所当然的 *deserving adj.需要帮助的;需要赞助的
(P40)“...I think everyone deserves the right to be happy,”she said.
“……我认为每个人都应该有幸福的权利,”她说。
知识拓展
deserve to do sth 值得做某事;应该做某事
sth/sb deserves doing=sth/sb deserves to be done 某事/某人值得(被)……
deserve it (口语)活该;自作自受
deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意
经典佳句
An irresponsible person deserves to be blamed and punished.
一个不负责的人应该受到责备和处罚。
Any unemployed person reckons as deserving government help.
任何一个失业者都应得到政府的帮助。
名师点拨
deserve后接动词不定式时,若表示主动意义,则用动词不定式的主动式;若表示被动意义,则用动词不定式的被动式。
Those who work deserve to eat.
劳动者该得食。
He deserves to be criticised.
他应当受到批评。
融会应用　单句填空
(1) It is he who deserves 　　　　(punish). I have nothing to do with it.
(2)Bob failed in the exam again. Since he never worked hard, he 　　　　(deserve) it.
(3)They certainly deserved 　　　　(win) that game.
答案　(1)punishing/to be punished/punishment
(2)deserved　(3)to win
语法探究
复习短语的用法
自主探究
观察下列例句,注意黑体部分的用法。
1.So I've been here in the jungle for about a month now.
2.My secondary school is a bush school.
3.I don't think I can put up with his behaviour much longer.
4.He came over, eager to help.
5.Right now I'm feeling very excited.
我的发现
1.例句1中的黑体部分为　　　　　　　　。
2.例句2中的黑体部分为　　　　　　　　。
3.例句3中的黑体部分为　　　　　　　　。
4.例句4中的黑体部分为　　　　　　　　。
5.例句5中的黑体部分为　　　　　　　　。
答案　1.介词短语　2.名词短语　3.动词短语　4.形容词短语　5.副词短语
探究点1　名词短语
　　名词与它的修饰语一起构成名词短语。完整的名词短语由三个部分组成:限定词、修饰词、名词。名词短语可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、同位语等成分。
These red roses are for you.(These red roses充当主语)
这些红玫瑰是送给你的。
I have three close friends.(three close friends充当宾语)
我有三个要好的朋友。
He is my best friend.(my best friend充当表语)
他是我最好的朋友。
There are some red roses on that small table.(some red roses充当主语;that small table充当介词on的宾语)
在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。
My English teacher, an elegant lady, speaks English just like a native speaker. (My English teacher充当主语;an elegant lady充当同位语;a native speaker充当介词like的宾语)
我的英语老师,一位优雅的女士,说英语很地道。
融会应用　找出下列句中的名词短语,并指出其作什么成分
(1)I bought some delicious candies.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)There is an English book on the desk.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(4)The Great Wall, a wonder of the world, attracts a large number of visitors.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)some delicious candies作宾语 　(2)an English book作主语　(3)The cute boy作主语;blue jeans作宾语;my brother作表语　(4)a wonder of the world作同位语;a large number of visitors作宾语
探究点2　动词短语
　　动词短语就是动词和其他单词构成的一种固定搭配(以动词为中心),表达某个概念,其作用和单独的一个动词差不多。在实际使用中,我们通常会把动词短语当成一个整体。
动词短语的搭配可分为下列六种基本类型:
1.动词+副词
(1)作及物动词
在“动词+副词”的短语中,宾语的位置有两种情况:如果宾语是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。
He brought his children up strictly.
他严格地教育他的孩子。
He brought up his children strictly.
他严格地教育他的孩子。
It's time for breakfast. Wake him up.
到吃早饭的时间了,叫醒他。
(2)作不及物动词
Something unexpected has turned up.
令人意外的情况出现了。
(3)既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词
The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物动词)
火药桶爆炸了。
The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物动词)
士兵们把桥炸毁了。
2.动词+介词
动词与介词构成的短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面。
I don't much care for television.
我不是很喜欢电视。
3.动词+副词+介词
在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副短语和动介短语的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。它兼有以上两类动词短语的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后。
We must work hard to make up for lost time.
我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。
4.动词+名词
这类动词短语中的常见动词是have、take、give、make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了动词短语的真正意义。
Let's have another try.
让我们再试一下。
5.动词+名词+介词
这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词,宾语总是位于介词之后。
Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.
我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。
6.be+形容词+介词
“be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词”相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是动词短语的真正词义。
I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him.
我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。
融会应用　找出下列句中的动词短语
(1)I don't get on with the people at work.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)We brought down prices on all our computers.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)I'm afraid I'll have to ring off.Someone is calling me.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)get on with 　(2)brought down　(3)ring off
探究点3　介词短语
　　介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词、相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语。介词与它的宾语构成介词短语,在句中主要作状语、表语、补语或定语。
1.介词+名词
by accident 偶然
in addition 另外
in the air 悬而未决
on (the/an) average 平均;一般来说
at (the) best 充其量;至多
from the long distance 从远处
2.介词+数词
Everything divides into two.
一切一分为二。
3.介词+介词短语
The heat is from under the ground.
热量来自地下。
4.介词+形容词
Her students spoke of her as kind and warm-hearted.
她的学生说她和蔼可亲、热心肠。
5.介词+副词
He has just returned from abroad.
他刚从国外回来。
6.介词+动词不定式
They had no other choice but to give up the plan.
他们别无选择,只好放弃这个计划。
7.介词+连接代词/连接副词+动词不定式
The professor gave a lesson on how to improve soil.
教授上了一堂如何改良土壤的课。
8.介词+从句
The parties are divided on whether the election should be rerun.
关于是否该重新选举,各党派意见不一。
9.介词+代词
You can go there with me.
你可以和我一起去那里。
融会应用　找出下列句中的介词短语
(1)A man stepped out from behind the wall.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)Change the oil in the car every 5,000 miles.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)I saw him walking along the street.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)from behind the wall 　(2)in the car
(3)along the street
探究点4　形容词短语
1.形容词短语的定义
形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。
The news made her very sad.
这消息使她非常难过。
The lost boy spent three days in the forest, cold and hungry.
那个迷路的男孩在森林中度过了三天,又冷又饿。
2.形容词短语的功能
形容词短语在句中充当表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等成分。
(1)作定语:可用在名词的前面或后面作修饰语。
He is a worker worthy of praise.(形容词短语worthy of praise作定语,修饰前面的名词worker)
他是一个值得表扬的工人。
(2)作状语:说明主语的情况, 可以表示动作或状态发生的原因、方式、时间等, 或对谓语作补充说明。
After the long journey, they went back home, hungry and tired.(hungry and tired是状语)
长途旅行过后,他们回到家,又累又饿。
(3)作宾语补足语
I think your answer correct and proper.(correct and proper是宾语补足语)
我认为你的答案是正确且恰当的。
(4)作表语
Your room is large and beautiful.(large and beautiful作表语)
你的房间又大又漂亮。
融会应用　找出下列句中的形容词短语,并指出其作什么成分
(1)Glad to accept, the girl nodded her agreement.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)The room was awfully dirty.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)He is one of the leading members responsible for the work.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)glad to accept作原因状语 　(2)awfully dirty作表语 　(3)responsible for the work作后置定语
探究点5　副词短语
1.副词短语的定义及功能
副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语,在句中充当状语成分。
She types quickly and correctly.(quickly and correctly作状语)
她打字又快又准确。
The teacher speaks clearly enough.(clearly enough作状语)
老师说得够清楚了。
2.副词短语的构成
(1)两个或多个副词可以由and、but等连接构成副词短语。
I tried again and again.(again and again是副词短语)
我试了一遍又一遍。
(2)very、much、enough等程度副词作修饰语,与其他副词构成副词短语。
He runs very fast.(very fast是副词短语)
他跑得很快。
He can finish it much quicker.(much quicker是副词短语)
他能更快地完成它。
名师点拨
副词enough在修饰形容词或者副词构成形容词短语或者副词短语时,一般放在所修饰的形容词或者副词后面。
融会应用　找出下列句中的副词短语
(1)Henry can finish that much quicker.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)He can work hard, but he needs a nudge(督促) now and then.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)That man talked too much.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)much quicker 　(2)now and then　(3)too much
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.判断下列句中的黑体部分属于哪种类型的短语
1.The kids are playing on the grass rather happily. 　　　　　　　
2.They picnicked in the woods. 　　　　　　　
3.I won't go home until after the exam. 　　　　　　　　
4.It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away. 　　　　　　　　
5.Do you know the reason why the automobile breaks down 　　　　　　　　
6.At last, the police found out the car full of drugs. 　　　　　　　　
答案　1.副词短语　2.介词短语　3.介词短语　4.名词短语　5.动词短语　6.形容词短语
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.A lack 　　　　water can lead to health problems such as headaches, poor physical performance, and even more serious problems.
2.The mother continued to care 　　　　the young panda for more than two years.
3.My uncle says that he never dreams of 　　　　(become) rich in a short period of time.
4.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle 　　　　the road.
5.Many people who live along the coast make　　　　living in fishing industry.
6.But my connection with pandas goes back 　　　　my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.
7.I said hello 　　　　him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate ”
8.Sichuan is home 　　　　pandas and the starting point of the Southern Silk Road.
9.It allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 　　　　work.
10.She plans to take a year off before going to university to get a degree 　　　　engineering or architecture.
答案　1.of　2.for　3.becoming　4.of　5.a　6.to
7.to　8.to　9.from　10.in
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.I can　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to catch you at least.
我跑得足够快,至少能追上你。
2.In addition, we should use new energy to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
此外,我们应该使用新能源来保护我们的环境免受污染。
3.Did you do this　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
你这样做是有意的还是无意的
4.This is an article 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这是一篇值得仔细研究的文章。
5.They need more materials relevant to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他们需要更多的和目前问题有关的资料。
答案　1.run fast enough　2.keep our environment free from pollution　3.by design or by accident
4.worthy of careful study　5.the present question
Ⅳ.语法填空(以介词为主)
My husband and I were paying a visit to my parents 1. 　　　　Tucson. We went to a fast-food restaurant 2.　　　　 dinner together.My husband went to the counter to order dishes and I stood with my parents.
My dad is 90 years old.He can hardly see very well and walks 3. 　　　　a stick.I was scanning the restaurant, waiting 4.　　　　 (sit) at the first table that was more convenient than others.A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her.5.　　　　 a puzzled look on my face, I pointed to 6.　　　　 (I) and said,“Me ” She nodded and said,“Yes, you.” I walked to the table and she said,“Bring your family here.I can finish eating 7.　　　　 the counter.My son is 8. 　　　　a hurry to leave anyway.”My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad 9. 　　　　the seat.
I always believe that there are naturally kind people in this world.This woman has set a good example 10. 　　　　her son, who is a really lucky guy.
答案　1.in　2.for　3.with　4.to sit　5.With
6.myself　7.at　8.in　9.to 　10.for/to
2