人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Launching Your Career Learning About Language 学案（含答案）

Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过理解教材例句,复习长难句的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化长难句的用法,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1　justice n.公平;公正;合理 *just adj.正义的;公平的adv.正好;恰好*justify v.是……的正当理由;对……作出解释
(P52) I want to become a lawyer because I think fairness and justice is of great importance to society, and I hope I can make some contribution in that respect.
我想成为一名律师,因为我认为公平和正义对社会非常重要,我希望我能在这方面做出一些贡献。
知识拓展
do justice to sb/sth=do sb/sth justice 公平对待某人(或某事);给以公正的评价
do oneself justice充分发挥自己的能力
经典佳句
A journalist should always live up to the ideals of truth, decency, and justice.
新闻工作者应始终践行真实、正直、正义的理想。
You should do justice to everyone.
你应当公平地对待每一个人。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)I don't think I can win, but I want　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我认为我不会获胜,但我会尽自己最大的努力。
(2)His attitude 　　　　　　　　　　　　the debate.
他对这场辩论的态度是不公正的。
答案　(1)to do myself justice　(2)does not do justice to
知识点2　accuse vt.控告;控诉;谴责 *accused adj. 被控告的 *accusation n. 指控;谴责;控告
(P52)There was a huge debate about whether the reporter should be accused of spying on the star couple.
关于该记者是否应该被指控监视这对明星夫妇,人们展开了激烈的争论。
知识拓展
accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控/指责某人(做)某事
经典佳句
Are you accusing me of lying
你在指责我说谎吗
Your accusation must be based on facts.
你的指控必须以事实为依据。
名师点拨
表达“指责某人(做)某事”的固定搭配还有charge sb with (doing) sth、blame sb for (doing) sth。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The 　　　　(accuse) man was asked to give his name.
(2)The　　　　(accuse) is wholly without foundation.
(3)The company was accused　　　　failing to safeguard the public.
答案　(1)accused　(2)accusation　(3)of
知识点3　greedy adj.贪婪的;贪心的;贪吃的;渴望的
(P52)Different people might have different opinions about this, but wouldn't it be kind of greedy to focus on money and fame rather than on something more meaningful
不同的人对此可能有不同的看法,但关注金钱和名望而不是更有意义的事情,难道不是有点贪婪吗
知识拓展
be greedy for sth 贪婪/渴望……
be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事
经典佳句
He stared at the diamonds with greedy eyes.
他眼巴巴地盯着这些钻石。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)They're not professional actors, yet they're greedy　　　　applause on stage.
(2)He as well as his children was greedy　　　　(see) the show in the circus.
答案　(1)for　(2)to see
知识点4　commit(committed, committed, committing) vt.犯(错误或罪行);做(错事等);(使)保证;(使)承诺;花(时间、钱等) vi.全心全意投入(工作等) *commitment n.承诺;奉献;投入 *committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的
(P52)So I come to a conclusion that if you want a great career, you need to commit yourself to something meaningful.
所以我得出了一个结论,如果你想要一份伟大的事业,你就需要投身于有意义的事情。
知识拓展
commit a crime/mistake 犯罪/错
commit sb/oneself to (doing) sth 保证某人/某人自己(做) 某事
commit... to... 把……投入……
make a commitment做出承诺
be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
经典佳句
The government committed itself to reducing taxes.
政府承诺减税。
A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment.
干演员这一行需要百分之百的投入。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)Commit an hour to 　　　　(read) the newspaper every morning.
(2)But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed 　　　　practising it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
(3)　　　　(commit) to serving people in her neighbourhood, she was honoured one of the Top Ten Teenagers.
(4)It's very important that you know I take my　　　　 (commit) seriously.
答案　(1)reading　(2)to　(3)Committed
(4)commitments
语法探究
复习长难句
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意分析句子的结构。
1.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
2.Morning or afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.
3.Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Park,staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.
4.The team's data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.
5.While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts,many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
我的发现
(1)句1为主从复合句,由谓语believe可知主语为　　　　　　　　　　　; 句中that引导　　　　从句,作believe的　　　　　　　　;when引导　　　　　　　　。
(2)句2 为简单句,为主系表结构。 主语为　　　　　　　　; looking to experience Washington,D.C.为动词-ing形式作　　　　　　　　修饰　　　　　　　　　　;in a healthy way with minimum effort为介词短语作　　　　　　　　修饰动词　　　　　　　　。
(3)句3为主从复合句,主干句结构为“主语+see+宾语+省略to的不定式(作宾语补足语)”;关系副词where引导　　　从句,修饰先行词　　　　;staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks为动词-ing形式作　　　　状语。
(4)句4为but连接的　　　　　　。后一个分句的主干句为the researchers also explored what would happen;what would happen为what引导的宾语从句,作　　　　的宾语;if引导的是条件状语从句;在条件状语从句中又含有一个　　　　　从句that serve more than one function,修饰先行词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
(5)句5为主从复合句;while引导　　　　状语从句; such as引出例子来解释　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
答案　(1)some language experts;宾语;宾语;时间状语从句　(2)this bike tour;定语;newcomers and locals;方式状语;experience　(3)定语;Paris;伴随　(4)并列复合句;explored;定语;new electronics
(5)时间;landmark buildings in China
探究点1　长难句的常见类型
1.带有较多成分的简单句
Having chosen family television programs and women's magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for instance, must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women's magazines to be used.
例如,在选择了家庭电视节目和女性杂志后,牙膏销售商还必须挑选出准确的电视节目和电视台,以及那些特定的女性杂志来加以利用。
2.并列复合句
Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经增长了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。
3.主从复合句
What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.
我所看到的和我过去经历的完全不同。
融会应用　判断下列句子中的画线部分是什么从句
1.It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not. 　　　　
2.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 　　　　
3.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 　　　　
4.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 　　　　
5.He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. 　　　　
6.I wonder why she refused my invitation. 　　　　
7.Could you advise me which book I should read first 　　　　
8.Whatever you have picked up,you must give it back to whoever it belongs to. 　　　　
9.Many people think it possible that a trade war between the two countries will happen. 　　　　
10. —I drove to Qingdao to meet my friend last week.
—Is that why you had one day off 　　　　
答案　1.主语从句　2.同位语从句　3.主语从句
4.定语从句　5.宾语从句　6.宾语从句　7.宾语从句
8.状语从句　9.宾语从句　10.表语从句
探究点2　长难句的理解步骤
1.首先确定句子是简单句、并列复合句还是主从复合句。
2.如果是简单句,首先确定主谓结构;接着确定宾语和宾语补足语(如果有的话),如果谓语动词是系动词,则需要确定表语;然后确定定语和状语等次要成分,即找出主语、谓语和宾语或表语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分,给出全句大意。译文意思应当通顺,并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大,文意不通,则分析可能有误,这时应考虑重新分析句子结构。
3.如果是并列复合句,首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句;接着按照简单句的分析方法分析各分句的内部结构并理解句意;然后将全句综合起来。
4.如果是主从复合句,首先应找出从属连词并确定主句。这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义;接着按照简单句的分析方法分析各分句的内部结构并理解句意;然后确定从句的性质,即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构;最后整体综合全句,尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。
【典例1】With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.
在65岁以上的农民数量是35岁以下的农民数量的六倍,且国家三分之二的农田需要农民的情况下,我们必须为乐意为国家种植食物的有才能的人扫除障碍。
【解析】本句是带有两个with复合结构的简单句。 两个with的复合结构在句中作状语。句子主干是we must clear the path;for talented people为介词短语作目的状语,willing to grow the nation's food是形容词短语作后置定语修饰people。
【典例2】We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style.
我们也许会认为,我们的文化是一看到闪亮的新东西就会淘汰陈旧的科技的一种文化,但是一项新研究显示,在陈旧的装置过时之后,我们仍在很好地使用它们。
【解析】本句为but连接的并列复合句。在前一个分句中,think后的内容为宾语从句,在该宾语从句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词culture。在后一个分句中, that引导宾语从句,作shows的宾语;after引导时间状语从句。
【典例3】His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.
当你知道他是一个环境科学家的时候,他的奇怪举动就可以理解了。他研究如何减少垃圾,包括那些运输垃圾的车在路上行驶时掉下来的东西。
【解析】本句为主从复合句。其中主句是His strange habit makes sense。when引导时间状语从句,that引导宾语从句,而who引导定语从句。在who引导的定语从句中,studies后面的内容作studies的宾语。including things是介词短语,作状语,后面的that引导定语从句,修饰things;as引导时间状语从句。
名师点拨
长难句分析的注意事项:
1.判断句中是否有同位语和插入语;
2.判断句中是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象;
3.明确替代词的所指对象;
4.判断并列成分的层次;
5.在从句多的句子中,注意从句中又包含从句的现象;
6.在有多个从句的复合句中,明确状语(单个词、短语或从句)究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。
融会应用　把下列句子合并成复合句
1. He did it in this way. It was different from what we were used to.
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2. I was surprised by her words. Her words made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made.
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3. Dave lost his job and was short of money. What he did was to sell his flat and move out with his brother.
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4. Whether man can go back to the old days with a time machine It still remains to be a question.
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5. What is she going to be when she grows up Lily has some ideas.
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答案
1.The way he did it was different from what we were used to.
2.I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made.
3.Dave lost his job and was short of money, so what he did was to sell his flat and move out with his brother.
4.It still remains to be a question whether man can go back to the old days with a time machine.
5.Lily has some ideas what she's going to be when she grows up.
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.分析下列长难句并翻译
1.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
分析:but连接两个并列分句。第二个分句中,relatively speaking是　　　　　　　　,because they heard the alarm and knew what to do是　　　　　　　　从句。
翻译:
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2.If someone knocks and it's not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed.
分析:If someone knocks and it's not an important matter是if引导的　　　　　　　　从句。so后面表示结果,在此部分中that when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed是the hint的　　　　　　　　　从句,该从句中又含有when引导的　　　　　　　　从句。
翻译:
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3.Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an e-mail that could get you in trouble.
分析:连词and连接两个并列复合句,第一个分句中,suppose后是省略了由that引导的　　　　从句。第二个分句中,that could get you in trouble为　　　　从句,修饰先行词　　　　。
翻译:
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4.Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.
分析:句中when引导　　　　　　　　从句;主语从句　　　　　　　　　　　　　为主句的主语;that引导　　　　从句,在该从句中,what引导的从句作　　　　的　　　　。
翻译:
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答案　
1.分析:插入语;原因状语
翻译:通常情况下,第一株植物受到的伤害更为严重,但是相对来说,邻居们会更安全,因为它们听到了警报并知道做什么。
2.分析:条件状语;同位语;时间状语
翻译:如果有人敲门且不是什么重要的事情,就给自己找个借口,并让那个人知道你很忙,这样他们就能得到暗示,那就是当门关着时,你不想被打扰。
3.分析:宾语;定语;an e-mail
翻译:假设你很忙,感觉很累,注意力不在电脑屏幕上,这时你发了一封可能会使你陷入麻烦的邮件。
4.分析:时间状语; what may be implied;表语;consider;宾语
翻译:因此,当一个来自这些文化群体之一的人在讲话的时候突然停住了,可能那个人是想在继续(讲话)之前暗示听众去思考他之前说了什么。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, 　　　　　　　　　stands a 160-foot-tall Tree of Life.
穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔,在里面有一棵160英尺高的生命之树。
2.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这对老年夫妇结婚40年了,两人从来没有吵过一次架。
3.I hope to live 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我希望住在空气新鲜、人们友好的地方。
4.She's got herself into a dangerous situation　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她将自己置于危险的境地,而且很有可能丢掉性命。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is still a problem.
是否要举行会议仍然是一个问题。
6.He was able to ride a bike　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他很小的时候就会骑自行车了。
7.He didn't see me　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
直到我叫他的名字, 他才看见我。
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　　the book, you may take it.
既然你需要这本书, 你就拿走吧。
9.It is so hot　.
天气太热了, 以至于我想去游泳。
10.I'll go there with you　.
除非下雨, 不然我会跟你一起去那里。
11.　　　　　　　　　　　　　,ask me for help/ just turn to me.
要是你有困难, 就来找我帮忙。
12.　　　　　　　　　　　　　,my brother was playing basketball outside.
我在看电视的时候, 我弟弟正在外面打篮球。
13.I'll come here right away 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我一得到消息就会马上来这里。
答案　1.inside which　2.have they quarreled with each other　3.where the air is fresh and people are friendly　4.where/in which she's likely to lose her life　5.Whether the meeting will be held　6.when he was very young　7.until I called his name
8.Since/ Now that you need　9.that I want to go swimming　10.unless it rains　11.If you are in trouble　12.While I was watching TV　13.as soon as/the moment I get the news
Ⅲ.用复合句翻译下列句子使之成为一篇连贯的文章
1.我将来想当一名记者, 但我的父母建议我当医生。
2.他们认为, 比起记者来, 医生的待遇更好。
3.老师建议我做一个职业能力倾向测验。
4.不管检测的结果怎样, 我现在都要努力学习。
5.我现在要做的是学好知识, 为未来做好准备。
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参考范文
I want to be a journalist in the future, but my parents suggest that I should be a doctor. They argue that doctors are better paid than journalists. My teacher suggests that I should take a career aptitude test. No matter what the test results are, I should study hard now. What I need to do now is to learn knowledge well and prepare myself for the future.
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