人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking课件（共82张ppt）

(共82张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
1.通过阅读课文内容，了解人类面临的日益严重的环境问题；关注人类命运共同体，强化社会责任意识，促进人与自然的和谐共处与可持续性发展。（文化意识，思维品质）
2.通过分析课文结构，了解文章大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（学习能力）
3.通过分析课文细节，培养分析长难句的能力。（学习能力）
4.通过对教材课文的阅读，理解文章的内容以及作者的观点态度；在课文的具体情境中猜测词义，推测词性，了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
Ⅰ.释义匹配
A.vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
B.vt.对……处以罚款
C.vi.& vt.改革；（使）改正；改造 n.改革；变革；改良
D.n.公司；企业；事业
E.vt.恢复；使复原；修复
F.n.燃料；刺激性言行
G.n.政策；方针；原则
H.vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n.广播节目；电视节目
I.n.排放物；散发物；排放
J.adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
1.emission( )
I
2.fuel( )
F
3.worldwide( )
J
4.broadcast( )
H
5.policy( )
G
6.reform( )
C
7.submit( )
A
8.enterprise( )
D
9.restore( )
E
10.fine( )
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1.______________ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
comprehensive
2._______ vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
release
3._________ adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
moderate
4._______ adj.每年的；一年的 n.年刊；年鉴
annual
5.________ n.量；体积；（成套书籍中的）一卷
volume
6._________ n.运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
campaign
7._________ adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
sensitive
8.________ adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的
nuclear
9.________ n.垃圾；废物
garbage
10.________n.生态；生态学
ecology
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.______ vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死→__________n.饿死；挨饿；饥饿
starve
starvation
2._______ vt.维持；遭受；承受住→___________adj.可持续的；合理利用的
sustain
sustainable
3.______________ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→______________ n.理解力
comprehensive
comprehension
4.________ adj.频繁的；经常发生的→__________ adv.频繁地；经常→__________n.
频率；频繁
frequent
frequently
frequency
5._______ vt.限制；限定；束缚→__________ n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
→__________ adj.限制的；限制性的；约束的
restrict
restriction
restrictive
6.___________ adj.和谐的→_________ n.协调；和睦；融洽
harmonious
harmony
7._________ vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立→________ adj.原始的；最初的；独创的
→______ n.起源；出身
originate
original
origin
8.__________ n.章程；规章制度→________ vt.& vi.约束；管理→_______ adj.定期的；
规律的→_________ adv.定期地；规律地
regulation
regulate
regular
regularly
9.__________n.检查；查看；视察→_______ vt.检查；查看；视察→_________ n.检查
员；巡视员
inspection
inspect
inspector
10.________vt.忍受；包容；容许→________ adj.宽容的；容忍的→_________ n.宽容；
容忍
tolerate
tolerant
tolerance
11.________ n.去掉；清除；处理→ ________ vt.处置；安排
disposal
dispose
构词规律
v.+-al→n. v.+-ous→adj.
dispose→disposal 去掉；清除；处理 arrive →arrival 到达 withdraw→withdrawal 撤回；撤离 harmony→harmonious 和谐的
continue→continuous 连续的
glory→glorious 光荣的
1._________导致
result in
2.___________采取行动
take action
3.__________________对……产生影响
have an impact on
4.____________代表；代替
on behalf of
5.carry out____________
执行；实施
6.dozens of____________
许多；很多
7.refer to ______________
指的是；提及
8.be trapped in________________________
被困在；陷入困境；陷入
1.There is little doubt thatEarth is getting warmer and warmer （see the graph）.
（“There is little doubt that...”句式）
翻译 毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和（见图表）。
仿写_______________________ the case is extremely complex.
毫无疑问，这次事件极其复杂。
There is little doubt that
2.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to
an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide， not only causing
serious damage， but also costing human lives.（“not only...but also...”句式）
翻译 有强有力和全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害增
多，不但造成严重破坏，而且致人丧命。
仿写 Through the job, ___________________a lot of money _____________some
social experience.
通过这份工作，我不但可以挣很多钱，而且也能获得一些社会经验。
I can not only earn
but also gain
Step 1 先导入，拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Look at the pictures. What problems do they show？
1.___
C
2.___
A
3.___
B
A.polar bears' decreasing habitat
B.air pollution
C.melting glaciers
Ⅱ.
What do you know about the effects of global warming
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.
What can we do to reduce global warming
#b#
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The effects are destructive as follows：the rising sea levels；wild animals dying of starvation；severe storms， droughts， and famines； the destruction of species；forest fires occurring frequently.
First, we should save energy and improve energy efficiency,develop clean energy, plant trees and use land properly. Second, strengthen the management and storage of water resources, save water, and use seawater desalination technology. Third, improve public health infrastructure and establish early warning systems for climate change.
Step 2 再精读，明确概要细节
Ⅰ.
Read the passage on Pages 26-27 quickly for the main idea. What does the passage
mainly tell us ( )
D
A.Some polar bears died of starvation.
B.What the greenhouse effect is.
C.How the polar bears find food.
D.Global warming has caused some disasters and we must pay attention to it.
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 and match each paragraph with its main idea.
A.The two common meanings of “greenhouse effect”.
B.Evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.
C.The impact global warming had on Earth's ecology.
D.Evidence of global warming leading to extreme weather and natural disasters.
E.Both governments and individuals should take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
1.Para.1( )
B
2.Para.2( )
C
3.Para.3( )
A
4.Para.4( )
D
5.Para.5( )
E
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 and then answer the following questions.
1.According to Paragraph 2， what causes the death of the polar bear？( )
C
A.The attack of its enemy. B.Some disease.
C.Lack of food. D.Human's hunting.
2.Why do we need proper amount of “natural” greenhouse gases？( )
C
A.To cause global warming. B.To produce water vapour.
C.To trap heat from the sun. D.To make plants grow better.
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？( )
A
A.The “man-made” greenhouse gases can be produced by burning fossil fuels.
B.Global warming is a random rather than natural phenomenon.
C.The temperature in the last century increased by as high as 5 degrees.
D.Fewer greenhouse gases will gather in the atmosphere.
4.The author probably agrees that ___.
D
A.actually global warming is good for man
B.we should do nothing about the global warming
C.catastrophes will not happen if the globe keeps on warming
D.governments need to take appropriate measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Step 3 后结构，分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 26-27.
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION
Examples In 2013，people were shocked by a news photo of a dead 1.__________. An expert said that the bear appeared to have starved and 2._____.The case showed the impact that the increase in temperature had on Earth's
3.________.
4.___ ____ __ There are 5._____ kinds of greenhouse effect.“Natural” greenhouse effect
guarantees to sustain life on Earth. But “6.__________” greenhouse effect
results in the temperature of Earth's surface 7.______.
polar bear
died
ecology
Causes
two
man-made
rising
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION
Results The rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 8._________ worldwide.
Suggestions Governments should consider making 9.________ and taking appropriate actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and 10.___________ also should live a low-carbon lifestyle.
disasters
policies
individuals
续表
Ⅱ.Discussion.
1.Who do you think should take responsibility for dealing with climate change
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.What is your understanding of the quote from Mohandas K.Gandhi on the opening page （Page 25）
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Every individual can make a big difference. I firmly believe that each individual citizen cannot sit back and say it is someone else's responsibility to protect the environment. We must play our roles in society.
The earth provides rich resources for us, such as water, lands, and forests. However, not everybody takes the quantity that he needs. Instead, he takes too much from the earth to satisfy his greed. For example, illegal hunters hunt and kill animals just for their bones, teeth and so on. In turn, it brings about some bad consequences.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.
善分析 此句为复合句。Experts claimed 是主句；that引导（1）__________；该从句
中的the bear could not hunt seals as before为省略了（2）_____的（3）__________；
caused by climate change是过去分词短语作（4）__________，修饰low sea-ice levels。
会翻译（5）________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
宾语从句
that
宾语从句
后置定语
专家称,气候变化导致的低海冰水平面意味着这只熊不能像以前那样猎食海豹,因此它必须走更远的路才能找到食物。
2.Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this
warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
善分析 此句是复合句。主句是（1）____________________________；that引导（2）
__________；if引导（3）______________。
会翻译（4）________________________________________________________________
___________________________
Climate scientists have warned
宾语从句
条件状语从句
气候科学家警告道,如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖趋势可能会继续下去,我们将付出更高的代价。
3.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global
warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue
affecting all of us on this planet.
善分析 此句是复合句。It作（1）__________，真正的主语是后面的to seize every
opportunity... and impacts；because引导（2）______________，其中的affecting all of
us on this planet是动词-ing形式作（3）__________，修饰（4）______。
会翻译（5）________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
形式主语
原因状语从句
后置定语
issue
我们有责任抓住每一个机会,教育每个人,使其了解全球变暖及其原因和影响,因为这是影响我们地球上所有人的最严重的问题。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 shock v.使震惊n.休克；震惊；令人震惊的事＊shocked adj.吃惊的；震惊的＊shocking adj.令人震惊的
（P26）In 2013， a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.
2013年，一张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊，在挪威北极的斯瓦尔巴群岛上，（人们）发现了一只死亡的北极熊。
It shocks sb to see/hear... 看到/听到……使某人震惊。
be shocked to do sth 对做某事感到震惊
be shocked at/by sth 对某事感到震惊
People were shocked to learn that the little girl was badly injured in an accident.
获知这个小女孩在事故中严重受伤了，人们很震惊。
She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.
她因休克被送到医院。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The news came as a _________（shock） blow.
shocking
（2）We were ________（shock） to see smoke pouring out of the roof.
shocked
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（3）It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.
→_______________________________________________________________（shock作
名词）
It was a shock to me to see how my neighbors treated their children.
知识点2 remain vi.剩余；遗留；继续存在；逗留；不离去；仍需去做（或说、处理）＊remains n.［pl.］剩余物；剩饭菜；遗迹；遗骸＊remaining adj.留下的；剩余的；还需处理的（常用作前置定语）
（P26）According to the scientists who found its dead body， all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”.
根据发现北极熊尸体的科学家们所说，这只北极熊只剩“皮包骨头”了。
remain to be done 尚待……；有待……
There remain/remains...还有……
It remains to be seen...……尚不确定/说不准。
remain 作连系动词时意为“仍然是；保持不变”。其后可跟名词、形容词、动词-ing形式、过去分词、介词短语等。
Whatever great progress you've made， you should remain modest.
无论你取得了多么大的进步，你都应该保持谦虚。
融会应用
单句填空
（1）___ remains to be seen whether Jim will be fit enough to take part in the
competition.
It
（2）This painting was completed in 1888 and is one of the only four __________
（remain） pieces in the world.
remaining
（3）Whether we can raise enough money to carry out the project remains
_______________（discuss）.
to be discussed
知识点3 starve vi.& vt.（使）挨饿；饿死＊starving adj.饥饿的；挨饿的＊starvation n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死
（P26）An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从其尸体的姿势来看，这只北极熊似乎是饿死的。
starve to death 饿死
starve sb into （doing） sth 断绝食物（或资金）来源以迫使某人做某事
starve for 渴望……
starve to do sth 渴望做某事
be starved of... 缺乏……；渴望……
die of/from starvation饿死
starve v.渴望；急切想要
Children all starve for love and friendship.
孩子们都渴望得到爱和友谊。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Mr White earns only a little wage，so he starves ____ a job with better pay.
for
（2）The whole communities starved ___ death during the long drought.
to
（3）Millions of people will face__________（starve） next year as a result of the
drought.
starvation
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）If the animals can't find enough food to eat， they
__________________________________.
will starve or have to leave the land
如果动物找不到足够的食物来吃，它们将会挨饿或者不得不离开这片土地。
（5）I ___________________ in such condition.
在这样的情况下，我急切渴望你的帮助。
starve for your help
知识点4 average adj.平均的；普通的 n.平均数v.平均为
（P26）Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？
那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升呢？
with an average of 平均为……
an average of 平均是……
on average 平均起来；平均来看
above/below average 在平均值以上/以下
Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometers an hour.
大多数人步行的平均速度为 每小时5公里。
What is the average annual snowfall for the state
这个国家的年平均降雪量是多少？
融会应用
单句填空
（1）Prices have risen by an average ___four percent over the past year.
of
（2）Last year was the warmest year on record， with global temperature
0.68℃______the average.
above
（3）It isn't just that people are， ____average， living longer.
on
知识点5 release vt.排放；释放；发布（新闻等）；上映（电影）；发行（唱片、书等）n.排放；释放；发行；发布
（P27）The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
热量以较长的波长形式被释放回太空。
release sb from sp 从某地释放某人
release stress/emotions 释放压力/发泄情绪
The bird was released from the cage.
鸟被从笼子里放出去了。
The factory keeps releasing smoke，making the air dirty.
这座工厂不停地排放烟雾，污染了空气。
与release（释放）意思相同的短语有set free、give off、let loose、let out等。
融会应用
单句填空
（1）In recent years， a number of Hollywood producers_____________（release）
film posters for Chinese audiences， showing their attention to the country's film
market and culture.
have released
（2）_________（release） on 5 February， 2019， The Wandering Earth soon
became a great hit.
Released
（3）I'm eager to buy the CD________（release） last month.
released
知识点6 loss n.失去；丧失＊lose vt.失去；丢失＊lost adj.失去的；丢失的；迷路的
（P27）In fact， news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.
事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成（人员）死亡和经济损失的新闻报道经常播出。
at a loss 困惑；不知所措
lose face/heart 丢面子/灰心
lose one's balance/sight/temper 失衡/失明/发脾气
lose oneself in/be lost in...专心致志于……
Although he failed in this entrance examination， he didn't lose heart.
这次入学考试他虽名落孙山，但他并不气馁。
She was lost in thought.
她陷入沉思。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The young couple， who returned my _____（lose） wallet，left before I could
ask for their names.
lost
（2）We should not _____（loss） heart in face of difficulties.
lose
（3）Faced with so many new things to learn， I was overcome by fear and was at
___loss what to do.
a
Ⅱ.句型转换
（4）Lost in her studies， she didn't notice the teacher come in.
→__________________________，she didn't notice the teacher come in.（动词-ing形
式作状语）
Losing herself in her studies
知识点7 restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚＊restriction n.限制＊restricted adj.有限的；受限制的＊restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的
（P27）We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式所产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
restrict...to...把……限制在……
be restricted to 仅限于
restrict sb/oneself to doing sth限制某人做某事
without restriction 毫无限制
The tournament is restricted to players under the age of 23.
这次比赛只允许23岁以下的选手参加。
In cities， droughts can mean that people living in these areas experience water restrictions.
在城市，干旱可能意味着生活在这些地区的人们面临用水限制。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I restrict _______（me） to one cup of coffee a day.
myself
（2）We restrict the number of students per class ___ 30.
to
（3）The park is open to the public without__________（restrict）.
restriction
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）The speed__________________________an hour here.
在此地车速被限制为每小时20千米。
is restricted to 20 kilometers
知识点8 seize v.抓住；捉住；夺取；把握；逮捕
（P27）It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming， along with its causes and impacts...
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响……
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
seize sth （from sb） （从某人那里）夺取某物
seize sb by the arm （=seize sb's arm） 抓住某人的胳膊
seize on/upon sth 突然大为关注；抓住（可利用的事物）
seize up （机器）停止运转；（身体）发僵
He says there's a golden opportunity for peace which must be seized.
他说务必抓住这个谋求和平的绝佳机会。
I seized him by the arm and made him turn to look at me.
我抓住他的胳膊，让他转身看着我。
融会应用
单句写作
（1）________________ and you'll succeed.
抓住这个机会，你就会成功。
Seize the chance
（2）The rumors __________________________by the local press.
当地报刊迫不及待地对这些传闻加以炒作。
were eagerly seized upon/on
短 语 句 式
知识点9 huge amounts of大量的
（P27）When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels， more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.
当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。
large/small amounts of...大量的/少量的……（作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式）
the amount of... ……的数量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）
amount to 共计；总计
Huge amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
大量的钱用在了这座桥上。
The amount of rainfall determines the quality of the crop.
降雨量决定着收成的好坏。
常见的表示“许多”的词汇：
（1）many、 a good/great many、 a good/large number of等修饰可数名词复数；
（2）much、 a good/great deal of、a large/small amount of等修饰不可数名词；
（3）a lot of、 lots of、 a quantity of、 quantities of、 plenty of等既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）A good amount of sleep every night ___（be） important for your health.
is
（2）Large amounts of water ___________（need） for cooling purpose.
are needed
Ⅱ.翻译句子
（3）有大量的参考书，要在它们中间做出选择常常使我感到困惑。
___________________________________________________________________________
____
There are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.
知识点10 be trapped in 被困在……中
（P27）When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.
当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时,更多的热能被困在大气中,导致地球表面温度迅速上升。
trap sb into （doing） sth 使某人陷入（做）某事的圈套
fall into the trap of 掉进……的陷阱
fall into a trap 掉进陷阱
If the bus was trapped in the snowstorm，there was virtually no way to evacuate those four kids.
如果公共汽车被困在暴风雪中，那么几乎没有方法使这四个孩子撤离。
She was trapped in the burning house.
她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I was trapped into_______ （tell） him all I knew.
telling
（2）A lot of us fall _____ the trap of finding happiness from the outside world.
into
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）The eye-catching advertisements will ________________________ that we
actually don't need.
这些引人注目的广告会让我们买一些实际上我们并不需要的东西。
trap us into buying things
知识点11 result in导致；结果
（P27）Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.
持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。
as a result 结果；因此
as a result of 由于；作为……的结果
without result 毫无结果
result from 由……引起
融会应用
Ⅰ.用result的相关短语填空
（1）His not studying hard ___________his failure in exams and ___________，he
was expelled. Though he tried every means to save it， his attempts were
_____________and he had to drop out of school.
resulted in
as a result
without result
Ⅱ.同义句改写
His carelessness resulted in his death.
（2）He died _____________his carelessness.
as a result of
（3）He was careless.___________，he died.
As a result
（4）______________________his carelessness.（his death作主语）
His death resulted from
知识点12 There is little doubt that...
（P26）There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer （see the graph）.
毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和（见图表）。
句中There is little doubt that...是固定句式，意思是“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。
（1）There is no doubt的意思是“毫无疑问……”，后接that从句或“about+名词”结构。There is doubt的意思是“……值得怀疑”，后接whether引导的从句或“about+名词”结构。
（2）doubt作动词时，其用法如下：
①在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。
②在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
（3）doubt作名词时，其用法如下：
①用于肯定句时，一般接whether引导的同位语从句。
②用于否定句、疑问句时，一般接that引导的同位语从句。
There is some doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
他是否适合这份工作尚存疑问。
I have no doubt that you'll succeed.
我相信你肯定能成功。
（4）be in doubt怀疑
（5）beyond doubt无疑地；确实地
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I don't doubt _____he can finish the task on time.
that
（2）I doubt __________they can swim across the river.
if/whether
（3）There is no doubt _____she will come in time.
that
（4）I have some doubt ________he will be elected.
whether
（5）When ___doubt， we're here for you. Give us a call.
in
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（6）There is no doubt that our experiment will succeed.
→There is no doubt _________________________________.
（介词+名词）
about the success of our experiment
知识点13 动词不定式的完成式
（P26）An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从其尸体的姿势来看，这只北极熊似乎是饿死的。
句中to have done为动词不定式的完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
（1）在appear、seem、think、consider、believe等表示看法与想法的动词后用动词不定式的完成式时，其结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。
He was believed to have been a reporter.=It was believed that he had been a reporter.
人们相信他曾经当过记者。
He seems to have cut off the water supply.=It seems that he has cut off the water supply.
他好像已切断了供水。
（2）动词不定式的完成式常同expect、hope等连用，表示预计将来完成的动作。
I expect to have read this book by Friday.=I expect I will have read this book by Friday.
我预计星期五前就读完这本书。
I hope to have finished the work by the end of the year.=I hope I will have finished the work by the end of the year.
我希望年底前就完成这项工作。
（3）动词不定式的完成式也可与mean、think、intend、promise等表示意图、打算、计划等的动词连用，表示想做但未曾实现的愿望或计划等。
I intended to have come to see you.
我本打算来看你。（但没能来）
I meant to have called you last night.
我本打算昨晚给你打电话。（但没打电话）
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）While regularly eating out seems _______________（become） common for
many young people in recent years， it's not without a cost.
to have become
（2）He is thought_____________（act） foolishly. Now he has no one but himself
to blame for losing the job.
to have acted
Ⅱ.翻译句子
（3）结交了这么多新朋友，我感到非常幸运。
_________________________________________________
I feel very lucky to have made so many new friends.
知识点14 not only...but also...
（P27）There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide， not only causing serious damage， but also costing human lives.
有强有力和全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害增多，不但造成严重破坏，而且致人丧命。
句中not only...but also...是固定句式，意思是“不但……而且……”。
not only...but also...通常连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子。
（1）not only A but also B=B as well as A
（2）not only...but also...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，not only所在的分句要部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装。
（3）not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近一致”原则。
（4）not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略。
Yet through his painstaking efforts， he changed not only his own fate but also the history of America.
然而通过他的艰苦的努力，他不但改变了自己的命运，而且改变了美国的历史。
Not only do I like this movie， but my mother also likes it.
不但我喜欢这部电影，我的妈妈也很喜欢它。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Not only little children but also adults _____（have） a growing appetite for
junk food nowadays.
have
（2）Not only ____（do） she make a promise， but she also kept it.
did
Ⅱ.同义句改写
He speaks not only English and French， but he also speaks Spanish.
（3）___________________________________________________________________
（not only位于句首的倒装句）
Not only does he speak English and French， but he also speaks Spanish.
（4）______________________________________________
（as well as）
He speaks Spanish as well as English and French.
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.I got an opportunity to view the movie Love You Forever before it ____________
（release）.
was released
2.The creation of an efficient and ___________（sustain）transport system is
significant for the long-term future of London.
sustainable
3.The president's speech_____________ （broadcast） on a national television network
last night.
was broadcast
4._______ （seize） by the policeman， the thief was afraid of being punished.
Seized
5.After the company reformed its rules and ___________（regulation）， we found
the business was really taking off.
regulations
6.The good relationship between human being and nature is one of the key aspects in
building a ___________（harmony） society.
harmonious
7.Once， I took part in a national hostess speaking contest ____behalf of our school
and won first place.
on
8.It remains ___________（see） whether the decision is too late.
to be seen
Ⅱ.选词填空
starve to death；refer to；be trapped in；take action；result in；submit to； on
average； huge amounts of
1.This project ___________farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass.
resulted in
2.The building caught fire, and many people _______________ it.
were trapped in
3.Over time， people began to use the word “restaurant” to________ a place selling
soup rather than the soup itself.
refer to
4.Tens of thousands of people _______________because of the civil war.
starved to death
5.The heroic people will never __________ foreign rules.
submit to
6.For these reasons， governments are _____________ to protect children.
taking action
7.Satellites provide ________________information about the world's most extreme
weather events.
huge amounts of
8.In fact， the runners lived， ___________， three years longer than the non-
runners.
on average
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In recent years， climate change has had a great impact 1.____ the animals. In
2013， lots of people 2._____________（shock） by a news photo of a dead polar
bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to low sea-ice levels caused by
climate change， the polar bear seemed 3.____________ （die） from lack of food.
on
were shocked
to have died
According to climate scientists， a key climate process， 4._______ is called the
“greenhouse effect”， includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made”
greenhouse effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 5.______
（enter） the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface. Greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere trap some of the heat， 6.________ （keep） Earth's climate warm and
habitable. However， the latter has become 7.___big problem. When people burn
fossil fuels， more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's
surface temperature to rise 8.________（quick）.
which
enters
keeping
a
quickly
The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in
extreme weather and natural 9._________ （disaster） worldwide. Climate scientists
warn that this warming trend will become 10._______（bad） if we do not take
appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay
more attention to it.
disasters
worse
Ⅳ.概要写作微技能——给出建议
1.阅读下列含有给出建议的语句
（1）Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
（2）We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
（3）It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming...
2.判断下列哪个是给出建议的语句( )
B
A.We have known about climate change for decades.
B.Climate scientists have suggested that we take appropriate actions.
C.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.
单句填空
1.（2023·浙江1月）What Hammond is referring ___ is the question of meaning, and
meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most
intelligent of machines.
to
2.（2022·浙江）“People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does
____________（shock） by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer，”
says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin.
are shocked
3.（2022·全国乙）When you ride a bicycle， you don't use petrol. So you are not
producing carbon dioxide and not ________（cause） air pollution.
causing
4.（2022·全国甲）In India and the Middle East， it _____________（consider） very
rude to eat with your left hand.
is considered
5.（2022·全国乙）But our surprising research results___ child developmental
psychology contradicted that idea.
in
6.（2022·浙江1月）For the study， 191 women with ____ average age of 50 took a
bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak（最大值的）
cardiovascular capacity.
an