人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking 学案 （含答案）

Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解人类面临的日益严重的环境问题;关注人类命运共同体,强化社会责任意识,促进人与自然的和谐共处与可持续性发展。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文结构,了解文章大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(学习能力)
3.通过分析课文细节,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
4.通过对教材课文的阅读,理解文章的内容以及作者的观点态度;在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
(　　)1.emission　　　(　　)2.fuel
(　　)3.worldwide (　　)4.broadcast
(　　)5.policy (　　)6.reform
(　　)7.submit (　　)8.enterprise
(　　)9.restore (　　)10.fine
A.vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服
B.vt.对……处以罚款
C.vi.& vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良
D.n.公司;企业;事业
E.vt.恢复;使复原;修复
F.n.燃料;刺激性言行
G.n.政策;方针;原则
H.vt.& vi.播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目
I.n.排放物;散发物;排放
J.adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的;影响全世界的
答案　1~5　IFJHG　6~10　CADEB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1.　　　　 adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的
2.　　　　 vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
3.　　　　 adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 vi.& vt.缓和;使适中
4.　　　　 adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴
5.　　　　 n.量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷
6.　　　　 n.运动;战役 vi.& vt.参加运动;领导运动
7.　　　　 adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
8.　　　　 adj.原子能的;核能的;原子核的
9.　　　　 n.垃圾;废物
10.　　　　n.生态;生态学
答案　1.comprehensive　2.release　3.moderate
4.annual　5.volume　6.campaign　7.sensitive
8.nuclear　9.garbage　10.ecology
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.　　　　 vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→　　　　n.饿死;挨饿;饥饿
2.　　　　 vt.维持;遭受;承受住→　　　　adj.可持续的;合理利用的
3.　　　　 adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的→　　　　 n.理解力
4.　　　　 adj.频繁的;经常发生的→　　　　 adv.频繁地;经常→　　　　n.频率;频繁
5.　　　　 vt.限制;限定;束缚→　　　　 n.限制规定;限制法规;约束→　　　　 adj.限制的;限制性的;约束的
6.　　　　 adj.和谐的→　　　　 n.协调;和睦;融洽
7.　　　　 vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立→　　　　 adj.原始的;最初的;独创的→　　　　 n.起源;出身
8.　　　　 n.章程;规章制度→　　　　 vt.& vi.约束;管理→　　　　 adj.定期的;规律的→　　　　 adv.定期地;规律地
9.　　　　n.检查;查看;视察→　　　　 vt.检查;查看;视察→　　　　 n.检查员;巡视员
10.　　　　vt.忍受;包容;容许→　　　　 adj.宽容的;容忍的→　　　　 n.宽容;容忍
11.　　　　 n.去掉;清除;处理→ 　　　　vt.处置;安排
答案　1.starve;starvation　2.sustain;sustainable　3.comprehensive;comprehension　4.frequent;frequently; frequency　5.restrict;restriction; restrictive
6.harmonious;harmony　7.originate;original;origin
8.regulation;regulate;regular;regularly　9.inspection;inspect;inspector　10.tolerate;tolerant;tolerance　11.disposal;dispose
构词规律
v.+-al→n. v.+-ous→adj.
dispose→disposal 去掉;清除;处理 arrive →arrival 到达 withdraw→withdrawal 撤回;撤离 harmony→harmonious 和谐的 continue→continuous 连续的 glory→glorious 光荣的
Step 2 短语记诵
1.　　　　　　　　导致
2.　　　　　　　　采取行动
3.　　　　　　　　对……产生影响
4.　　　　　　　　代表;代替
5.carry out 　　　　　　　
6.dozens of 　　　　　　　
7.refer to 　　　　　　　
8.be trapped in 　　　　　　　
答案　1.result in　2.take action　3.have an impact on　4.on behalf of　5.执行;实施　6.许多;很多　7.指的是;提及　8.被困在;陷入困境;陷入
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).(“There is little doubt that...”句式)
翻译 毫无疑问,地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。
仿写 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the case is extremely complex.
毫无疑问,这次事件极其复杂。
2.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.(“not only...but also...”句式)
翻译 有强有力和全面的证据表明,气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害增多,不但造成严重破坏,而且致人丧命。
仿写 Through the job, 　　　　　　　　　　a lot of money 　　　　　　　　some social experience.
通过这份工作,我不但可以挣很多钱,而且也能获得一些社会经验。
答案　1.There is little doubt that　2.I can not only earn;but also gain
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1　先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Look at the pictures.What problems do they show
1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　
3.　　　
A.polar bears' decreasing habitat
B.air pollution
C.melting glaciers
答案　1~3　CAB
Ⅱ.What do you know about the effects of global warming
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答案　The effects are destructive as follows:the rising sea levels;wild animals dying of starvation;severe storms, droughts, and famines; the destruction of species;forest fires occurring frequently.
Ⅲ.What can we do to reduce global warming
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答案　First, we should save energy and improve energy efficiency,develop clean energy, plant trees and use land properly. Second, strengthen the management and storage of water resources, save water, and use seawater desalination technology. Third, improve public health infrastructure and establish early warning systems for climate change.
Step 2　再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 quickly for the main idea. What does the passage mainly tell us
A.Some polar bears died of starvation.
B.What the greenhouse effect is.
C.How the polar bears find food.
D.Global warming has caused some disasters and we must pay attention to it.
答案　D
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 and match each paragraph with its main idea.
(　　)1.Para.1 (　　)2.Para.2
(　　)3.Para.3 (　　)4.Para.4
(　　)5.Para.5
A.The two common meanings of “greenhouse effect”.
B.Evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.
C.The impact global warming had on Earth's ecology.
D.Evidence of global warming leading to extreme weather and natural disasters.
E.Both governments and individuals should take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
答案　1~5　BCADE
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 and then answer the following questions.
1.According to Paragraph 2, what causes the death of the polar bear
A.The attack of its enemy.
B.Some disease.
C.Lack of food.
D.Human's hunting.
2.Why do we need proper amount of “natural” greenhouse gases
A.To cause global warming.
B.To produce water vapour.
C.To trap heat from the sun.
D.To make plants grow better.
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A.The “man-made” greenhouse gases can be produced by burning fossil fuels.
B.Global warming is a random rather than natural phenomenon.
C.The temperature in the last century increased by as high as 5 degrees.
D.Fewer greenhouse gases will gather in the atmosphere.
4.The author probably agrees that 　　　　.
A.actually global warming is good for man
B.we should do nothing about the global warming
C.catastrophes will not happen if the globe keeps on warming
D.governments need to take appropriate measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
答案　1~4　CCAD
Step 3　后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 26-27.
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION
Examples In 2013,people were shocked by a news photo of a dead 1.　　　　　　　　. An expert said that the bear appeared to have starved and 2.　　　　.The case showed the impact that the increase in temperature had on Earth's 3.　　　　.
4.　　　 There are 5.　　　　 kinds of greenhouse effect.“Natural” greenhouse effect guarantees to sustain life on Earth.But “6.　　　　” greenhouse effect results in the temperature of Earth's surface 7.　　　　.
Results The rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 8.　　　　 worldwide.
Suggestions Governments should consider making 9.　　　　 and taking appropriate actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and 10.　　　　 also should live a low-carbon lifestyle.
答案　1.polar bear　2.died　3.ecology　4.Causes　5.two　6.man-made　7.rising　8.disasters　9.policies 10.individuals
Ⅱ.Discussion.
1.Who do you think should take responsibility for dealing with climate change
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答案　Every individual can make a big difference.I firmly believe that each individual citizen cannot sit back and say it is someone else's responsibility to protect the environment.We must play our roles in society.
2.What is your understanding of the quote from Mohandas K.Gandhi on the opening page (Page 25)
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答案　The earth provides rich resources for us, such as water, lands, and forests. However, not everybody takes the quantity that he needs.Instead, he takes too much from the earth to satisfy his greed.For example, illegal hunters hunt and kill animals just for their bones, teeth and so on.In turn, it brings about some bad consequences.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before,so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.
善分析 此句为复合句。Experts claimed 是主句;that引导(1)　　　　　　;该从句中的the bear could not hunt seals as before为省略了(2)　　　　的(3)　　　　　　;caused by climate change是过去分词短语作(4)　　　　　　,修饰low sea-ice levels。
会翻译 (5)
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答案　(1)宾语从句　(2)that　(3)宾语从句　(4)后置定语　(5)专家称,气候变化导致的低海冰水平面意味着这只熊不能像以前那样猎食海豹,因此它必须走更远的路才能找到食物。
2.Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions,this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
善分析 此句是复合句。主句是(1)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　;that引导(2)　　　　　　;if引导(3)　　　　　　。
会翻译 (4)
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答案　(1)Climate scientists have warned　(2)宾语从句　(3)条件状语从句　(4)气候科学家警告道,如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖趋势可能会继续下去,我们将付出更高的代价。
3.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
善分析 此句是复合句。It作(1)　　　　　　,真正的主语是后面的to seize every opportunity... and impacts;because引导(2)　　　　　　,其中的affecting all of us on this planet是动词-ing形式作(3)　　　　　　,修饰(4)　　　　。
会翻译 (5)
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答案　(1)形式主语　(2)原因状语从句　(3)后置定语　(4)issue　(5)我们有责任抓住每一个机会,教育每个人,使其了解全球变暖及其原因和影响,因为这是影响我们地球上所有人的最严重的问题。
新知探究
核心素养
温 室 效 应
温室效应(Greenhouse Effect)是指透射阳光的密闭空间由于与外界缺乏热对流而形成的保温效应,即太阳短波辐射可以透过大气射入地面,而地面增暖后放出的长波辐射却被大气中的二氧化碳等物质所吸收,从而产生大气变暖的效应。大气中的二氧化碳就像一层厚厚的玻璃,使地球变成了一个大暖房。
如果没有大气,地表平均温度就会下降到-23℃,而实际地表平均温度为15℃,也就是说温室效应使地表温度提高了38℃。大气中的二氧化碳浓度增加,阻止地球热量的散失,使地球表面的大气温度升高,这就是“温室效应”。
解析教材
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION
We have known about climate change for decades.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).(1) A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.
气候变化需要全世界的关注
我们对气候变化的了解已经有几十年了。毫无疑问,地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。海洋和大气的变暖、冰的融化和海平面的上升为全球气候的急剧变化提供了证据。
【助读点拨】
(1)There is little doubt that...是固定句式,表示“毫无疑问……”,that在此引导同位语从句。
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　　In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”.(2)An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died(3). Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.(4) This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology.
　　2013年,一张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊,在挪威北极的斯瓦尔巴群岛上,(人们)发现了一只死亡的北极熊。根据发现北极熊尸体的科学家们所说,这只北极熊只剩“皮包骨头”了。一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从其尸体的姿势来看,这只北极熊似乎是饿死的。专家称,气候变化导致的低海冰水平面意味着这只熊不能像以前那样猎食海豹,因此它必须走更远的路才能找到食物。这一令人震惊的案例显示了温度的上升对地球生态的影响。
【助读点拨】
(2)此处为复合句。其中who found its dead body为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the scientists;that remained为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词all。
(3)此处为动词不定式的完成式,表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。
(4)句中的that low...find food为that引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中,caused by climate change为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰low sea-ice levels;the bear...as before为省略了that的宾语从句。
　　Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave radiation(5).The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable(6).Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.
　　那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升呢 气候科学家经常提到一个叫作“温室效应”的关键气候过程,它有两个常见的含义:“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。“自然”温室效应是指来自太阳的热量以短波辐射(的形式)进入大气层,使地球表面变暖。热量以较长的波长形式被释放回太空。大气中的温室气体,如甲烷和二氧化碳,捕获了部分热量,从而使地球保持气候温暖并且适宜居住。如果没有这个过程,地球就无法维持生命的存在。然而,“人为”温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题。当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时,更多的热能被困在大气中,导致地球表面温度迅速上升。
【助读点拨】
(5)此处为that引导的同位语从句,解释说明the fact的内容。
(6)此处为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
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　　There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.(7) Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses(8).
　　有强有力和全面的证据表明,气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害增多,不但造成严重破坏,而且致人丧命。气候科学家警告道,如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖趋势可能会继续下去,我们将付出更高的代价。事实上,有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成(人员)死亡和经济损失的新闻报道经常播出。
【助读点拨】
(7)句中的that the rise...human lives为that引导的同位语从句,解释说明strong and comprehensive evidence的内容;not only causing...but also costing human lives为“not only...but also...”句式连接的两个动词-ing形式作结果状语。
(8)此处为动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰extreme rainstorms and heatwaves。
　　Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.So what will you do to help
　　持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖,并带来持久的变化。这需要全世界人民的关注。各国政府需要考虑制定政策,采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体的排放。我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式所产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会,教育每个人,使其了解全球变暖及其原因和影响,因为这是影响我们地球上所有人的最严重的问题。那么你会怎么做
核 心 单 词
知识点1　shock v.使震惊n.休克;震惊;令人震惊的事 *shocked adj.吃惊的;震惊的 *shocking adj.令人震惊的
(P26)In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.
2013年,一张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊,在挪威北极的斯瓦尔巴群岛上,(人们)发现了一只死亡的北极熊。
知识拓展
It shocks sb to see/hear... 看到/听到……使某人震惊。
be shocked to do sth 对做某事感到震惊
be shocked at/by sth 对某事感到震惊
经典佳句
People were shocked to learn that the little girl was badly injured in an accident.
获知这个小女孩在事故中严重受伤了,人们很震惊。
She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.
她因休克被送到医院。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The news came as a 　　　　(shock) blow.
(2)We were 　　　　(shock) to see smoke pouring out of the roof.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(3)It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.
__________________________________________________________________(shock作名词)
答案　(1)shocking　(2)shocked　(3)It was a shock to me to see how my neighbors treated their children.
知识点2　remain vi.剩余;遗留;继续存在;逗留;不离去;仍需去做(或说、处理)
*remains n.[pl.]剩余物;剩饭菜;遗迹;遗骸 *remaining adj.留下的;剩余的;还需处理的(常用作前置定语)
(P26)According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”.
根据发现北极熊尸体的科学家们所说,这只北极熊只剩“皮包骨头”了。
知识拓展
remain to be done 尚待……;有待……
There remain/remains...还有……
It remains to be seen...……尚不确定/说不准。
熟词生义
remain 作连系动词时意为“仍然是;保持不变”。其后可跟名词、形容词、动词-ing形式、过去分词、介词短语等。
Whatever great progress you've made, you should remain modest.
无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应该保持谦虚。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)　　　　 remains to be seen whether Jim will be fit enough to take part in the competition.
(2)This painting was completed in 1888 and is one of the only four 　　　　(remain) pieces in the world.
(3)Whether we can raise enough money to carry out the project remains 　　　　(discuss).
答案　(1)It　(2)remaining　(3)to be discussed
知识点3　starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死 *starving adj.饥饿的;挨饿的 *starvation n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死
(P26)An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从其尸体的姿势来看,这只北极熊似乎是饿死的。
知识拓展
starve to death 饿死
starve sb into (doing) sth 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
starve for 渴望……
starve to do sth 渴望做某事
be starved of... 缺乏……;渴望……
die of/from starvation饿死
熟词生义
starve v.渴望;急切想要
Children all starve for love and friendship.
孩子们都渴望得到爱和友谊。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Mr White earns only a little wage,so he starves 　　　　a job with better pay.
(2)The whole communities starved 　　　　death during the long drought.
(3)Millions of people will face　　　　(starve) next year as a result of the drought.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)If the animals can't find enough food to eat, they 　　　　　　　　　　　.
如果动物找不到足够的食物来吃,它们将会挨饿或者不得不离开这片土地。
(5)I 　in such condition.
在这样的情况下,我急切渴望你的帮助。
答案　(1)for　(2)to　(3)starvation　(4)will starve or have to leave the land　(5)starve for your help
知识点4　average adj.平均的;普通的 n.平均数v.平均为
(P26)Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature
那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升呢
知识拓展
with an average of 平均为……
an average of 平均是……
on average 平均起来;平均来看
above/below average 在平均值以上/以下
经典佳句
Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometers an hour.
大多数人步行的平均速度为 每小时5公里。
What is the average annual snowfall for the state
这个国家的年平均降雪量是多少
融会应用　单句填空
(1)Prices have risen by an average 　　　　four percent over the past year.
(2)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃　　　　the average.
(3)It isn't just that people are, 　　　　average, living longer.
答案　(1)of　(2)above　(3)on
知识点5　release vt.排放;释放;发布(新闻等);上映(电影);发行(唱片、书等)n.排放;释放;发行;发布
(P27)The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
热量以较长的波长形式被释放回太空。
知识拓展
release sb from sp 从某地释放某人
release stress/emotions 释放压力/发泄情绪
经典佳句
The bird was released from the cage.
鸟被从笼子里放出去了。
The factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty.
这座工厂不停地排放烟雾,污染了空气。
名师点拨
与release(释放)意思相同的短语有set free、give off、let loose、let out等。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)In recent years, a number of Hollywood producers　　　　(release) film posters for Chinese audiences, showing their attention to the country's film market and culture.
(2)　　　　(release) on 5 February, 2019, The Wandering Earth soon became a great hit.
(3)I'm eager to buy the CD　　　　(release) last month.
答案　(1)have released　(2)Released　(3)released
知识点6　loss n.失去;丧失 *lose vt.失去;丢失 *lost adj.失去的;丢失的;迷路的
(P27)In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.
事实上,有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成(人员)死亡和经济损失的新闻报道经常播出。
知识拓展
at a loss 困惑;不知所措
lose face/heart 丢面子/灰心
lose one's balance/sight/temper 失衡/失明/发脾气
lose oneself in/be lost in...专心致志于……
经典佳句
Although he failed in this entrance examination, he didn't lose heart.
这次入学考试他虽名落孙山,但他并不气馁。
She was lost in thought.
她陷入沉思。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The young couple, who returned my 　　　　(lose) wallet,left before I could ask for their names.
(2)We should not 　　　　(loss) heart in face of difficulties.
(3)Faced with so many new things to learn, I was overcome by fear and was at 　　　　loss what to do.
Ⅱ.句型转换
(4)Lost in her studies, she didn't notice the teacher come in.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she didn't notice the teacher come in.(动词-ing形式作状语)
答案　(1)lost　(2)lose　(3)a　(4)Losing herself in her studies
知识点7　restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚 *restriction n.限制 *restricted adj.有限的;受限制的 *restrictive adj.限制性的;约束的
(P27)We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式所产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
知识拓展
restrict...to...把……限制在……
be restricted to 仅限于
restrict sb/oneself to doing sth限制某人做某事
without restriction 毫无限制
经典佳句
The tournament is restricted to players under the age of 23.
这次比赛只允许23岁以下的选手参加。
In cities, droughts can mean that people living in these areas experience water restrictions.
在城市,干旱可能意味着生活在这些地区的人们面临用水限制。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I restrict 　　　　(me) to one cup of coffee a day.
(2)We restrict the number of students per class 　　　　30.
(3)The park is open to the public without　　　　(restrict).
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)The speed　　　　　　　　　　　　　　an hour here.
在此地车速被限制为每小时20千米。
答案　(1)myself　(2)to　(3)restriction　(4)is restricted to 20 kilometers
知识点8　seize v.抓住;捉住;夺取;把握;逮捕
(P27)It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts...
我们有责任抓住每一个机会,教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响……
知识拓展
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
seize sth (from sb) (从某人那里)夺取某物
seize sb by the arm (=seize sb's arm) 抓住某人的胳膊
seize on/upon sth 突然大为关注;抓住(可利用的事物)
seize up (机器)停止运转;(身体)发僵
经典佳句
He says there's a golden opportunity for peace which must be seized.
他说务必抓住这个谋求和平的绝佳机会。
I seized him by the arm and made him turn to look at me.
我抓住他的胳膊,让他转身看着我。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)　　　　　　　　　　　　 and you'll succeed.
抓住这个机会,你就会成功。
(2)The rumors 　　　　　　　　　　　　by the local press.
当地报刊迫不及待地对这些传闻加以炒作。
答案　(1)Seize the chance　(2)were eagerly seized upon/on
短 语 句 式
知识点9　huge amounts of大量的
(P27)When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.
当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时,更多的热能被困在大气中,导致地球表面温度迅速上升。
知识拓展
large/small amounts of...大量的/少量的……(作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式)
the amount of... ……的数量(作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式)
amount to 共计;总计
经典佳句
Huge amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
大量的钱用在了这座桥上。
The amount of rainfall determines the quality of the crop.
降雨量决定着收成的好坏。
名师点拨
常见的表示“许多”的词汇:
(1)many、 a good/great many、 a good/large number of等修饰可数名词复数;
(2)much、 a good/great deal of、a large/small amount of等修饰不可数名词;
(3)a lot of、 lots of、 a quantity of、 quantities of、 plenty of等既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)A good amount of sleep every night 　　　　(be) important for your health.
(2)Large amounts of water 　　　　(need) for cooling purpose.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
(3)有大量的参考书,要在它们中间做出选择常常使我感到困惑。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)is　(2)are needed　(3)There are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.
知识点10　be trapped in 被困在……中
(P27)When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels,more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.
当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时,更多的热能被困在大气中,导致地球表面温度迅速上升。
知识拓展
trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套
fall into the trap of 掉进……的陷阱
fall into a trap 掉进陷阱
经典佳句
If the bus was trapped in the snowstorm,there was virtually no way to evacuate those four kids.
如果公共汽车被困在暴风雪中,那么几乎没有方法使这四个孩子撤离。
She was trapped in the burning house.
她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I was trapped into　　　　 (tell) him all I knew.
(2)A lot of us fall 　　　　the trap of finding happiness from the outside world.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)The eye-catching advertisements will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that we actually don't need.
这些引人注目的广告会让我们买一些实际上我们并不需要的东西。
答案　(1)telling　(2)into　(3)trap us into buying things
知识点11　result in导致;结果
(P27)Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.
持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖,并带来持久的变化。
知识拓展
as a result 结果;因此
as a result of 由于;作为……的结果
without result 毫无结果
result from 由……引起
图解释义
融会应用
Ⅰ.用result的相关短语填空
(1)His not studying hard 　　　　　　　　his failure in exams and 　　　　　　　　,he was expelled.Though he tried every means to save it, his attempts were 　　　　　　　　and he had to drop out of school.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
His carelessness resulted in his death.
(2)He died 　　　　　　　　　　his carelessness.
(3)He was careless.　　　　　　　　　,he died.
(4)　　　　　　　　　　　his carelessness.(his death作主语)
答案　(1)resulted in;as a result;without result　(2)as a result of　(3)As a result　(4)His death resulted from
知识点12　There is little doubt that...
(P26)There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问,地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。
知识拓展
句中There is little doubt that...是固定句式,意思是“毫无疑问……”,that引导同位语从句。
(1)There is no doubt的意思是“毫无疑问……”,后接that从句或“about+名词”结构。There is doubt的意思是“……值得怀疑”,后接whether引导的从句或“about+名词”结构。
(2)doubt作动词时,其用法如下:
①在否定句和疑问句中,doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。
②在肯定句中,doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
(3)doubt作名词时,其用法如下:
①用于肯定句时,一般接whether引导的同位语从句。
②用于否定句、疑问句时,一般接that引导的同位语从句。
There is some doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
他是否适合这份工作尚存疑问。
I have no doubt that you'll succeed.
我相信你肯定能成功。
(4)be in doubt怀疑
(5)beyond doubt无疑地;确实地
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I don't doubt 　　　　he can finish the task on time.
(2)I doubt 　　　　they can swim across the river.
(3)There is no doubt 　　　　she will come in time.
(4)I have some doubt 　　　　he will be elected.
(5)When 　　　　doubt, we're here for you.Give us a call.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(6)There is no doubt that our experiment will succeed.
→There is no doubt
_______________________________________________________________________________
(介词+名词)
答案　(1)that　(2)if/whether　(3)that　(4)whether
(5)in　(6)about the success of our experiment
知识点13　动词不定式的完成式
(P26)An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从其尸体的姿势来看,这只北极熊似乎是饿死的。
知识拓展
句中to have done为动词不定式的完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
(1)在appear、seem、think、consider、believe等表示看法与想法的动词后用动词不定式的完成式时,其结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。
He was believed to have been a reporter.=It was believed that he had been a reporter.
人们相信他曾经当过记者。
He seems to have cut off the water supply.=It seems that he has cut off the water supply.
他好像已切断了供水。
(2)动词不定式的完成式常同expect、hope等连用,表示预计将来完成的动作。
I expect to have read this book by Friday.=I expect I will have read this book by Friday.
我预计星期五前就读完这本书。
I hope to have finished the work by the end of the year.=I hope I will have finished the work by the end of the year.
我希望年底前就完成这项工作。
(3)动词不定式的完成式也可与mean、think、intend、promise等表示意图、打算、计划等的动词连用,表示想做但未曾实现的愿望或计划等。
I intended to have come to see you.
我本打算来看你。(但没能来)
I meant to have called you last night.
我本打算昨晚给你打电话。(但没打电话)
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)While regularly eating out seems 　　　　(become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.
(2)He is thought　　　　(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
(3)结交了这么多新朋友,我感到非常幸运。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)to have become　(2)to have acted　(3)I feel very lucky to have made so many new friends.
知识点14　not only...but also...
(P27)There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
有强有力和全面的证据表明,气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害增多,不但造成严重破坏,而且致人丧命。
知识拓展
句中not only...but also...是固定句式,意思是“不但……而且……”。
not only...but also...通常连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等,还可以连接两个并列的句子。
(1)not only A but also B=B as well as A
(2)not only...but also...连接两个分句时,若not only位于句首,not only所在的分句要部分倒装,but also后面的分句不倒装。
(3)not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词要遵循“就近一致”原则。
(4)not only只能连用,而but also既可连用,也可分开用,also也可省略。
Yet through his painstaking efforts, he changed not only his own fate but also the history of America.
然而通过他的艰苦的努力,他不但改变了自己的命运,而且改变了美国的历史。
Not only do I like this movie, but my mother also likes it.
不但我喜欢这部电影,我的妈妈也很喜欢它。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Not only little children but also adults 　　　　(have) a growing appetite for junk food nowadays.
(2)Not only 　　　　(do) she make a promise, but she also kept it.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
He speaks not only English and French, but he also speaks Spanish.
(3)____________________________________________________________________________
(not only位于句首的倒装句)
(4)____________________________________________________________________________
(as well as)
答案　(1)have　(2)did　(3)Not only does he speak English and French, but he also speaks Spanish.　(4)He speaks Spanish as well as English and French.
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.I got an opportunity to view the movie Love You Forever before it 　　　　(release).
2.The creation of an efficient and 　　　　(sustain)transport system is significant for the long-term future of London.
3.The president's speech　　　　 (broadcast) on a national television network last night.
4.　　　　 (seize) by the policeman, the thief was afraid of being punished.
5.After the company reformed its rules and 　　　　(regulation), we found the business was really taking off.
6.The good relationship between human being and nature is one of the key aspects in building a 　　　　(harmony) society.
7.Once, I took part in a national hostess speaking contest 　　　　behalf of our school and won first place.
8.It remains 　　　　(see) whether the decision is too late.
答案　1.was released　2.sustainable　3.was broadcast
4.Seized　5.regulations　6.harmonious　7.on　8.to be seen
Ⅱ.选词填空
starve to death;refer to;be trapped in;take action;result in;submit to; on average; huge amounts of
1.This project 　　　　　　　　farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass.
2.The building caught fire, and many people 　　　　　　　　it.
3.Over time, people began to use the word “restaurant” to　　　　　　　　 a place selling soup rather than the soup itself.
4.Tens of thousands of people 　　　　　　　　because of the civil war.
5.The heroic people will never 　　　　　　　　foreign rules.
6.For these reasons, governments are 　　　　　　　　　　　to protect children.
7.Satellites provide 　　　　　　　　　information about the world's most extreme weather events.
8.In fact, the runners lived, 　　　　　　　　　, three years longer than the non-runners.
答案　1.resulted in　2.were trapped in　3.refer to
4.starved to death　5.submit to　6.taking action　7.huge amounts of　8.on average
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1.　　　　 the animals.In 2013, lots of people 2.　　　　(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.Due to low sea-ice levels caused by climate change, the polar bear seemed 3.　　　　 (die) from lack of food.
According to climate scientists, a key climate process, 4.　　　　 is called the “greenhouse effect”, includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 5.　　　　 (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, 6.　　　　 (keep) Earth's climate warm and habitable.However, the latter has become 7.　　　　big problem.When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise 8.　　　　(quick).
The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 9.　　　　 (disaster) worldwide.Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will become 10.　　　　(bad) if we do not take appropriate measures.The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay more attention to it.
答案　1.on　2.were shocked　3.to have died　4.which
5.enters　6.keeping　7.a　8.quickly　9.disasters
10.worse
Ⅳ.概要写作微技能——给出建议
1.阅读下列含有给出建议的语句
(1)Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
(2)We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
(3)It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming...
2.判断下列哪个是给出建议的语句
A.We have known about climate change for decades.
B.Climate scientists have suggested that we take appropriate actions.
C.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.
答案　B
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)What Hammond is referring 　　　　is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.
2.(2022·浙江)“People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does 　　　　(shock) by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer,” says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin.
3.(2022·全国乙)When you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol.So you are not producing carbon dioxide and not 　　　　(cause) air pollution.
4.(2022·全国甲)In India and the Middle East, it 　　　　(consider) very rude to eat with your left hand.
5.(2022·全国乙)But our surprising research results　　　　 child developmental psychology contradicted that idea.
6.(2022·浙江1月)For the study, 191 women with 　　　　average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.
答案　1.to　2.are shocked　3.causing　4.is considered　5.in　6.an
2