人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking 学案（含答案）

Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解20世纪初人类进行南极探险的历史背景、相关典型人物及故事;面对逆境,学会保持积极乐观的心态,不屈不挠,永不言弃。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文结构,根据人物的具体言行分析其情感变化,解读其性格品质;培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(学习能力)
3.通过分析课文细节,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
4.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
(　　)1.adversity　　　　(　　)2.vigour
(　　)3.aboard (　　)4.steward
(　　)5.miserable (　　)6.selfish
(　　)7.genuine (　　)8.thorough
(　　)9.damp (　　)10.recreation
A.adj.潮湿的;湿气重的
B.adj.痛苦的;令人难受的
C.n.娱乐;消遣;游戏
D.adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的
E.n.困境;逆境
F.adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
G.n.精力;力量;活力
H.adj.自私的
I.n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员;服务员
J.adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的
答案　1~5　EGFIB　6~10　HJDAC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1.　　　　 adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的
2.　　　　 vt.&n.羡慕;妒忌
3.　　　　 vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群
4.　　　　 n.&vi.航海;航行
5.　　　　 adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的
6.　　　　 adj.温馨的;舒适的
7.　　　　 adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的
8.　　　　 n.指导;引导;导航
9.　　　　 adj.汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的
10.　　　　 n.候选人;应试者
答案　1.bitter　2.envy　3.crush　4.voyage　5.decent　6.cosy　7.cruel　8.guidance　9.rough　10.candidate
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.　　　　 vt.忍耐;忍受 vi.持续;持久→　　　　 n.忍耐力;耐久力→　　　　 adj.持久的;耐久的
2.　　　　 vi.取得资格(或学历);合格 vt.使具备资格→　　　　 adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→　　　　n.资格;资历;限制
3.　　　　adj.热情的;热心的→　　　　 n.热情;热心
4.　　　　 vt.分派;布置;分配→　　　　n.工作;任务;分派;(课外)作业
5.　　　　 vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃→　　　　 n.离弃;遗弃;抛弃;放弃
6.　　　　 vi.坚持;孜孜以求→　　　　 n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
7.　　　　 vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念→　　　　 n.决议;解决;坚定
8.　　　　 adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的→　　　　 n.残酷;残忍
9.　　　　vi.申请;请求;使用 vt.应用;涂;敷;施→　　　　 n.申请;请求;应用→　　　　 n.申请者
答案　1.endure;endurance;enduring　2.qualify;qualified;qualification　3.enthusiastic;enthusiasm
4.assign;assignment　5.abandon;abandonment
6.persevere;perseverance　7.resolve;resolution
8.cruel;cruelty　9.apply;application;applicant
构词规律
v.+-ance→n. v.+-ment→n.
guide→guidance 指导;引导;导航 appear→appearance 外貌;外观 assist→assistance 帮助;援助 abandon→abandonment 离弃;遗弃;抛弃 advertise→advertisement 广告 treat→treatment 对待;处理;治疗
Step 2 短语记诵
1.　　　　　　　　拒绝(某人)
2.　　　　　　　　梦想……
3.　　　　　　　　出发;动身
4.　　　　　　　　每况愈下
5.　　　　　　　　走完路程;成功做到
6.make fire　　　　　　　　
7.give off 　　　　　　　
8.be enthusiastic about　　　　　　　
9.become stuck in　　　　　　　
10.hold on　　　　　　　
答案　1.turn (sb) down　2.dream of　3.set off　4.from bad to worse　5.make it　6.生火　7.放出(热、光、气味或气体)　8.热衷于　9.困住　10.坚持
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.(it happens that...)
翻译 好吧,碰巧有一天早上我买了份报纸,看到了这则关于南极探险的广告。
仿写________________________________________________________in the same city.
碰巧的是,他们在同一个城市度假。
2.We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.(现在完成进行时)
翻译 我们现在在冰上扎营,并且一直在设法活下来,但春天要来了,冰很快就会开始融化。
仿写 Tom's hands are very dirty.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
汤姆的手很脏。他一直在修理汽车。
3.How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!(疑问句形式的感叹句)
翻译 我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德·里斯一样自私又脾气暴躁!
仿写 　　　　　　　　　　　　 that sort of mean trick! It's the last thing I would do!
我怎么能干那种缺德事呢!这是我最不愿意做的事!
答案　1.It happened that they spent their holiday　2.has been repairing the car　3.How could I play
【合作探究】
新知探究
Step 1　先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.What is the greatest challenge you have ever faced Discuss with your classmates and then write it down.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　略
Ⅱ.If you have a chance to go on an expedition to Antarctica, what qualities are needed to survive the extremely tough conditions
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　略
Step 2　再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 38-39 and match the main idea with each paragraph.
(　　)1.Para.1　　　　　　(　　)2.Diary 1
(　　)3.Diary 2 (　　)4.Diary 3
A.Endurance was stuck in the ice and the crew managed to save themselves.
B.The life on the boats after Shackleton left to find help.
C.The introduction of the expedition to Antarctica on the ship Endurance.
D.Perce Blackborow joined the expedition.
答案　1~4　CDAB
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 38-39 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What was Sir Ernest Shackleton
A.A general of a ship.
B.An official in the local government.
C.A great explorer.
D.A brave sailor.
2.Where did Perce Blackborow know about the exploration to Antarctica
A.From his friends.
B.In a newspaper.
C.On a government report.
D.On a common notice.
3.What can we infer about Shackleton according to Diary 1
A.Kind and decisive.
B.Cruel and indifferent.
C.Crazy and patient.
D.Helpless and stubborn.
4.Why did Shackleton allow Hussey to keep his banjo
A.He liked the banjo.
B.It cost a lot.
C.Hussey thought it was important.
D.It could keep up the spirits of the crew.
5.Who did the author think highly of
A.Tom.　　　　　　　B.Hussey.
C.Ernest. D.Thomas.
答案　1~5　CBADC
Step 3　后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 38-39.
Join the expedition ●applied but was 1.　　　　down ●secretly went aboard and hid in a 2.　　　　but was soon discovered ●worked as a 3.　　　　and served meals
During the journey: not an 4.　　　　one ●The ship got 5.　　　　by the ice. ●We abandoned the ship and most of our 6.　　　　but kept a banjo. ●Things on the island were getting 7.　　　　 and Shackleton went to 8.　　　　 help. ●Frank and Ernest gave me hope with their 9.　　　　and 10.　　　　.
答案　1.turned　2.cupboard　3.steward　4.easy　5.crushed　6.belongings　7.worse　8.find　9.perseverance　10.resolve
Ⅱ.Discussion.
How did Blackborow's feelings about being on the expedition change as the days passed
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　In the beginning, he felt excited. After the ship got stuck, he felt low and slowly went insane. After the captain went for help, he gradually became hopeful again.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.However,when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified.
善分析 该句为复合句。主句是(1)　　　　　　　　　　　　;when引导(2)　　　　　　　;because引导原因状语从句;在原因状语从句中,he thought是主句,I was too young and wasn't qualified是省略了(3)　　　　　　　　的宾语从句。
会翻译 (4)
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)Shackleton turned me down　(2)时间状语从句　(3)that　(4)然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,并不具备资格。
2.Soon after we arrived,Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island,1,320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
善分析 此句是复合句。soon after引导(1)　　　　　　　　　　　　;Shackleton left us to find help是主句;破折号表示解释说明;too...to...的意思是“(2)　　　　　　　　　　　”。
会翻译 (3)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)时间状语从句　(2)太……而不能……
(3)我们到达后不久,沙克尔顿离开了我们,前往1320公里外的南乔治亚岛求援——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了,我们无法乘着小船成功到达。
新知探究
核心素养
欧内斯特·沙克尔顿(Ernest Shackleton),英国极地探险家,出生于爱尔兰的基尔代尔郡。他曾带领英国探险队三次前往南极洲,因南极探险的经历而闻名于世。
作为一个领导者,沙克尔顿无疑是非常出色的。他对探险队成员的尊重、信任和关爱都闪耀着光芒。他的一位队友称他为“世间最伟大的领导者”。哪怕处于极端逆境中,沙克尔顿也能使队员们充满希望。
解析教材
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE(1)
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914.Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries.(2)
一次“成功”的失败经历
珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一,加入他的探险活动被视为一种极大的荣耀。下面是布莱克博罗的一些日记摘录。
【助读点拨】
(1)标题使用了矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron),这种修辞手法是将两个意义上相互矛盾或排斥的词放在一起使用,以表面上不协调的搭配形成某种特殊的表达效果。
(2)表语前置引起的倒装句,表语为Below,主语为some of Blackborow's diary entries。
_______________________________________________________________________________
31 Oct, 1914
...Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.And I was ready for it.At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour.However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.(3) Unfortunately, three days after we set off I was discovered.Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me, “If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!” He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
1914年10月31日
好吧,碰巧有一天早上我买了份报纸,看到了这则关于南极探险的广告。
同伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——这是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅。我早就准备好了。19岁的我身体健康而且精力充沛。然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,并不具备资格。但我对和他们同行的想法非常感兴趣,于是我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船,藏在了一个小橱柜里。不幸的是,船队出发三天后,我就被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头,所以他给我提供了一份工作,但他事先向我保证:“如果有人得被吃掉,那么你就是第一个!”他指派我担任乘务员,我现在负责船上28个人的一日三餐。
当我回来告诉大家我去过的神奇的地方时,大家会多么羡慕我啊!
【助读点拨】
(3)so...that...引导结果状语从句;the Endurance是ship的同位语;and连接两个并列的从句谓语went和hid。
_______________________________________________________________________________
21 Nov, 1915
The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice.And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.
　　1915年11月21日
这段旅程并不轻松。当我们接近南极洲时,“坚忍”号被海上的浮冰卡住了。周围的冰都冻结了,我们彻底被卡住了!我们看见船被冰挤毁。当船下沉时,我们的心也随之下沉。
　　Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets.This was no time to panic.We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo.Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive(4), but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
　　在我们弃船之前,沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起,告诉我们要救出我们最需要的补给品——小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。现在不是恐慌的时候。我们被禁止带走大部分私人物品,沙克尔顿也扔掉了自己所有的金子。但令我们感到惊讶的是,他让赫西留着他的班卓琴。赫西经常弹班卓琴来振奋我们的精神。
我们现在在冰上扎营,并且一直在设法活下来,但春天要来了,冰很快就会开始融化。
【助读点拨】
(4)此处为现在完成进行时。
_______________________________________________________________________________
20 May,1916
We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place.Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue No.No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here.
I feel low.It's cold and windy.The island has no plants.Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.Otherwise, there is no food.I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, and my mother's face ...However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
I shouted, “Shut the door!”
“Hold on now, Perce.Don't you go turning into another Tom,” came the reply.(5) “We've caught another penguin, so it's penguin soup tonight!”
1916年5月20日
我们已经苦苦挣扎了好几天,但是大象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。现在,在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸,我们挤在一艘小船下。我们到达后不久,沙克尔顿离开了我们,前往1320公里外的南乔治亚岛求援——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了,我们无法乘着小船成功到达。如果沙克尔顿失败了,我们还有任何获救的希望吗 没有。世界上没有任何海军在大象岛停留过,也没有人知道我们在这里。
我感到情绪低落。岛上寒冷多风,没有任何植物。有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥。除此之外就没有食物了。我尝试着想一些比较开心的事情:像样的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧室、晴朗的天气以及我母亲的脸庞……然而,这些美好的回忆很快就被突然涌进的冷风打断了。
我大喊:“关上门!”
“要坚持住啊,珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆,”有人答道。“我们又抓到了一只企鹅,所以今晚有企鹅汤喝了!”
【助读点拨】
(5)“Don't you go...”是一个祈使句,意为“你可不要……”;其后的came the reply是倒装句,这种倒装句式常出现在描绘人物对话的情节中,尤其是文学作品中,其目的是使叙述更加连贯、生动。
_______________________________________________________________________________
　　Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton.How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!
　　保佑弗兰克·怀尔德,他是除了我们的领队欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最和蔼的人。我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德·里斯一样自私又脾气暴躁!
　　Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now.(6) Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
　　Perhaps there is a chance we will return home(7), after all.
　　如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们早就没命了。他们对他人的真心关怀、他们的毅力以及坚定的信念,让我充满希望。
毕竟,我们也许还有机会回家。
【助读点拨】
(6)此处为含蓄条件句,条件暗含在介词短语Without Frank and Ernest中,we'd all be dead by now表示与现在事实相反的假设。
(7)we will return home为同位语从句,解释说明chance;在非正式文体中,引导同位语从句的连词that有时可省略。
核 心 单 词
知识点1　qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) *qualify vi.合格 vt.使具备资格 *qualification n.资格;资历;限制
(P38)However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified.
然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,并不具备资格。
知识拓展
be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事
be qualified for...符合……的条件
a qualified accountant/teacher一名合格的会计师/教师
qualify for...有……的资格
qualify sb for...使某人能胜任……
qualify sb to do...使某人有资格做……
have (no) qualifications for (doing) sth (没)有做……的资格
have (no) qualifications to do sth (没)有做……的资格
经典佳句
He took all kinds of tests to prove he was well qualified for this important task.
他接受了各种考验来证明他完全能胜任这项重要的任务。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The applicant isn't 　　　　(qualify) to do the job as he doesn't have the relevant experience required for the job.
(2)He's been informed that he doesn't qualify 　　　　the scholarship because of his academic background.
(3)Having studied computer lessons, which are designed for children, is an important qualification 　　　　the job.
答案　(1)qualified　(2)for　(3)for
知识点2　enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的 *enthusiasm n.热情;热心;热忱 *enthusiast n.热心者;爱好者 *enthusiastically adv.热情地
(P38)But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his skip, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
但我对和他们同行的想法非常感兴趣,于是我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船,藏在了一个小橱柜里。
知识拓展
be enthusiastic about (doing) sth对(做)某事感兴趣;热衷于(做)某事
with enthusiasm热情地
have enthusiasm for...热衷于……
lose enthusiasm for...失去对……的热情
经典佳句
The enthusiasts for environmental protection are planting trees with great enthusiasm, which makes us more enthusiastic about environmental protection.
环保热心人士正在热情十足地植树,这使我们更加热爱环保了。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)Moore is enthusiastic 　　　　the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring.
(2)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her　　　　(enthusiastic) for life.
(3)When the master introduced her to the audience, they applauded 　　　　(enthusiastic) for her artistic contribution.
答案　(1)about　(2)enthusiasm　(3)enthusiastically
知识点3　assign vt.分派;布置;分配 *assignment n.(分派的)工作;任务
(P38)He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
他指派我担任乘务员, 我现在负责船上28个人的一日三餐。
知识拓展
assign sb sth=assign sth to sb分配……给某人; 分派/布置……给某人
assign sb to...指派某人到……
assign sb to do sth 分配某人做某事; 指派某人做某事
经典佳句
It's wise to assign special exercises to the weaker students.
给基础较差的学生布置专门的练习是明智的。
The job was put on the back burner when more important assignments arrived.
当更重要的任务到来时,这项工作就暂时被搁置了。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)We believe the time and hard work involved in completing the　　　　(assign) are worthwhile.
(2)The teacher assigned me　　　　(write) an essay about the reform and opening-up policy of China.
答案　(1)assignments　(2) to write
知识点4　envy n.&vt.羡慕;忌妒 *enviable adj.令人羡慕的;引起忌妒的 *envious adj.羡慕的;妒忌的
(P38)How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
当我回来告诉大家我去过的神奇的地方时,大家会多么羡慕我啊!
知识拓展
envy sb sth 羡慕/忌妒某人有某物
be the envy of 成为……的羡慕/忌妒对象
with envy羡慕地; 忌妒地
envy of sb对某人的忌妒
envy of/at sth对……的羡慕
经典佳句
His good mark was the envy of his classmates.
他的好成绩是他的同学们所羡慕的。
He is in the enviable position of having two job offers to choose from.
他有两份工作邀请可选,令人羡慕。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He looked　　　　envy at his friend's new car.
(2)People can't help envying　　　　(have) good fortune.
(3)He couldn't conceal his envy　　　　her success.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·云南昆明一中月考)I'm so proud that with the rapid development of the Internet in China, our mobile payment system 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我很自豪,随着中国互联网的快速发展,我们的移动支付系统已经成为其他国家羡慕的对象。
答案　(1)with　(2)having　(3)of/at　(4)has become the envy of other countries
知识点5　approach v.接近;靠近;着手处理 n.接近;道路;方法
(P38)Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.
当我们接近南极洲时,“坚忍”号被海上的浮冰卡住了。
知识拓展
an approach to... ……的方法/途径
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
be approaching 正在/将要接近
经典佳句
As Teachers' Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
随着教师节的临近,我们班决定今年换成举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。
Let's take a new approach to the problem.
让我们用一个新方法来处理这个问题。
易混辨析
approach、way、method和means的区别:
approach 用于抽象意义,有“方法;接近;途径”的意思,常用approach to+n./doing
way 使用范围广,常用于具体事物或口语中;前面常加介词in,后可接to do/of doing
method 指条理的、系统的办法;前面常加介词with,后可接of+n./doing
means 指实现目的的手段或使用某种交通工具的方式;前面常加介词by,后可接of doing
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice the evening 　　　　(approach).
(2)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to　　　　(work) things out.
(3)With the time for graduation 　　　　(approach),we are busy with our papers.
Ⅱ.用approach、way、method、means的正确形式填空
(4)Can you tell me the 　　　　to work out the maths problem
(5)With this 　　　　,we can make ourselves understood better.
(6)All the 　　　　to the palace were guarded by troops.
(7)We arrived in that big city by 　　　　of plane.
答案　(1)approaching　(2)working　(3)approaching　(4)way　(5)method　(6)approaches　(7)means
知识点6　abandon vt.放弃;舍弃;抛弃;沉湎于n.放任;放纵 *abandoned adj.被抛弃的;放纵的
(P38)Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together...
在我们弃船之前,沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起……
知识拓展
abandon oneself to... 沉溺于……
abandon doing... 放弃做……
with abandon 放纵地;尽情地
经典佳句
However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.
然而,由于经济问题,这些计划被放弃了。
People were shouting and cheering with abandon.
人们兴高采烈,纵情欢呼。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)They were so excited that they jumped and shouted 　　　　abandon.
(2)Finally,we ended up in an 　　　　(abandon) village.
(3)My doctor advised me to abandon 　　　　(smoke).
Ⅱ.同义句改写
He abandoned himself to computer games and didn't pass the exam.
(4)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he didn't pass the exam.(现在分词短语作状语)
(5)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he didn't pass the exam.(过去分词短语作状语)
答案　(1)with　(2)abandoned　(3)smoking　(4)Abandoning himself to computer games　(5)Abandoned to computer games
知识点7　belongings n.财物;动产 *belong vi.属于;应在(某处) ;适应;合得来
(P38)We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings,and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.
我们被禁止带走大部分私人物品,沙克尔顿也扔掉了自己所有的金子。
知识拓展
a sense of belonging 归属感
belong to sb 属于某人;归某人所有
belong to sth 是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员;是(某族类或纲目)的一部分
经典佳句
Struggling for our dreams, as the principal addressed at the graduation ceremony, offers us a sense of belonging.
正如校长在毕业典礼上所说,为梦想奋斗让我们有了归属感。
This painting was formerly owned privately, but now it belongs to the nation.
这幅画以前由私人收藏,但现在属于国家。
名师点拨
belong to既不能用于被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。其中的to为介词,后面可跟名词或代词作宾语,作后置定语时形式为belonging to。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)As parents,we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of 　　　　(belong).
(2)They belonged 　　　　a younger generation.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(3)I'd like to have a look at the toys which belong to you.
→I'd like to have a look at the toys 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(非谓语动词作定语)
答案　(1)belonging　(2)to　(3)belonging to you
知识点8　resolve n.决心;坚定的信念vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) *resolution n.决定;决议
(P39)Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
他们对他人的真心关怀、他们的毅力以及坚定的信念,让我充满希望。
知识拓展
resolve by 通过……解决
resolve into 分解成
It is resolved that...做出决议;表决……
resolve to do sth决定做某事
resolve on (doing) sth决定/决心(做)……
经典佳句
The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve.
挡在她面前的困难只是更加坚定了她的决心。
This mixture will resolve into two separate compounds.
这种混合物将分解成两种不同的化合物。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)We can 　　　　　　　　　　　　to your satisfaction.
我们能把这个问题解决得使你满意。
(2)The differences among them 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by consultation.
他们之间存在的分歧应通过协商解决。
(3)He resolved　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the future.
他决定以后要更努力工作。
答案　(1)resolve the matter　(2)should be resolved　(3)to work harder/on working harder
短 语 句 式
知识点9　turn down调低;拒绝
(P38)However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down...
然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我……
知识拓展
turn on/off 打开/关掉
turn up 出现;露面;调大(声音)
turn away 拒之门外;不准入内;转过脸去;转身离开
turn in 上交
turn to 求助于;转向
turn over 把……翻过来;移交;仔细考虑
turn out 证明是;结果是
经典佳句
Before this, I should have smiled and turned her down.
在这之前,我本该笑着拒绝她。
I turned in the final draft this morning.
今天早上我把最后的草稿交出去了。
融会应用　用turn的相关短语填空
(1)Tom had to　　　　　　　　the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
(2)Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will　　　　　　　　sooner or later.
(3)However, if I had to give up one of them, I would　　　　　　　　the TV rather than switch off my cell phone or cut off the Internet.
(4)When in trouble, she felt she had no one to　　　　　　　　.
(5)My original intention was to study all morning, but this 　　　　　　　　to be impractical.
答案　(1)turn down　(2)turn up　(3)turn off
(4)turn to　(5)turned out
知识点10　set off出发;动身;引起;点燃(烟花,爆竹等) ;使爆炸;拉响(警报)
(P38)Unfortunately, three days after we set off I was discovered.
不幸的是,船队出发三天后,我就被发现了。
知识拓展
set aside 将……放在一边;为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
set down 记下;制定
set up 建立;提出;开办
set out 出发;动身;阐明
set about 开始(做);着手
经典佳句
When setting out on a long walk,I always wear suitable boots.
出发进行长途步行时,我都要穿合适的靴子。
These areas are set aside for public recreational use.
这些区域是为公共娱乐留出的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中set off的含义
(1)Having said goodbye to their friends, they set off for home. 　　　
(2)If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff. 　　　
(3)Hong Kong's stock market fell, setting off a global financial crisis. 　　　
(4)On New Year's Eve, we used to set off many fireworks, which made the children excited. 　　　
Ⅱ.用set的相关短语填空
(5)I sincerely hope you can　　　　　　　　some time for the art feast.
(6)We can 　　　　　　　　early so that we'll have more time to read and select books.
(7)Ralph W.Emerson would always　　　　　　　new ideas that occurred to him.
(8)As soon as she got home, my mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　preparing lunch.
答案　(1)出发;动身　(2)拉响(警报)　(3)引起　(4)点燃　(5)set aside　(6)set out/off　(7)set down　(8)set about
知识点11　keep up 保持;继续;不使(斗志)低落
(P38)Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.
赫西经常弹班卓琴来振奋我们的精神。
知识拓展
keep up with跟上;保持同步
keep away from避免接近;远离
keep off (from) 与……保持距离; 退避
keep on 继续
经典佳句
He desired to keep up with his classmates,so he worked very hard.
他渴望追上他的同学们,所以他非常努力。
When the machine is in operation, keep away from it.
当机器在运转时,请远离它。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)I'm trying to keep 　　　　fatty foods.
(2)Things are changing so fast, it's hard to keep 　　　　.
(3)Will you keep 　　　　the course of exercises until you are thinner
答案　(1)off　(2)up　(3)on
探究点12　含蓄虚拟语气
(P39)Without Frank and Ernest,we'd all be dead by now.
如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们早就没命了。
知识拓展
　　在虚拟语气中,有时虚拟的条件并不以条件从句的形式来表达,而是通过一些词或短语如otherwise、or、with、without、but for等或者通过语境来暗示,这就是含蓄虚拟语气。
I'm really busy, otherwise(=if I weren't so busy) , I would certainly go with you.
我确实太忙了。不然的话,我一定和你一块去。
With her help(=If I had her help) , I would do the experiment well.
假如有她帮助, 我就可以把这个实验做好。
But for their help(=If it were not for their help) , we could not get over the difficulties.
要不是他们的帮助,我们是克服不了这些困难的。
An honest man would not say this.(=If the man were honest, he wouldn't say this.)
一个诚实的人,就不会说这种话。
It would be only partly right to answer in this way.(=if we answered in this way)
如果这样回答,只答对一部分。
United(=If they had been united), they wouldn't have been defeated.
他们要是团结起来, 就不会被打败。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She wasn't feeling very well. Otherwise she 　　　　　　　　　　　(not leave) the meeting so early.
(2)I 　　　　　　　　　　　(help) you, but I was too busy.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)In the absence of the keeper,the house 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
如果管理员不在,房子早已被烧毁。
(4)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we should have had a pleasant journey.
要不是那场雨,我们的旅行本应该很愉快。
(5)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I would not have succeeded.
要是没有你的支持和鼓励,我本不会成功。
答案　(1)wouldn't have left　(2)would have helped
(3)would have been burnt/burned down　(4)But for the rain　(5)Without your support and encouragement
知识点13　there is a chance (that)...
(P39) Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all.
毕竟,我们也许还有机会回家。
知识拓展
by chance 碰巧;偶然
The chances are that...可能……
take a chance 冒险;碰运气
It chances that...碰巧……
chance to do...碰巧做……
chance doing sth冒险做某事
融会应用　同义句改写
(1)I ran into her by chance one night and got her e-mail address.(chance v.)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)The chances are that you will pass the exam.(there be)
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案
(1)I chanced to run into her one night and got her e-mail address.
(2)There is a chance that you will pass the exam.
2