人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language 学案（含答案）

Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Using Language
【学习目标】
1.了解课文大意;培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力,思维品质)
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点。(语言能力)
3.通过阅读熟悉英语人物传记的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。(语言能力,学习能力)
【合作探究】
语篇研读
细读课文,明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 7-9 and then choose the best answers.
1.Why did Qian Xuesen change his major to aviation
A.Because he was not interested in his former major.
B.Because he could get a well-paid job in the future.
C.Because he felt it his duty to help his homeland.
D.Because the country asked him to do so.
2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage
A.His strong interest in art like music and drawing.
B.His research in the United States.
C.His friends' encouragement.
D.His habit of reading a lot.
3.How long did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States
A.For about 15 years.　　B.For about 20 years.
C.For about 25 years. D.For about 30 years.
4.How was Hawking's own theory proved correct
A.Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself.
B.He worked with others to prove it true.
C.He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle's mistake in the maths.
D.Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in physics at the moment.
5.What's the main idea of the passage
A.Being careful is the key to success.
B.A great scientist is a man who works hard.
C.A great scientist should be hard-working, determined and full of love.
D.As long as a person is intelligent and brilliant,he will become a great scientist.
答案　1~5　CABCC
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1　defend v.防守;防御;保护;保卫;辩解 *defence n.防御;保护;保卫; 辩解;辩白
(P7)...because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
……因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保卫国家。
知识拓展
defend sb/sth from/against sb/sth 保护某人(物)免受伤害;保卫某人(物)
defend oneself against sth 就某事为自己辩护
in defence of 保卫……;为……辩护
经典佳句
The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland against any invasion.
军队将不惜一切代价保卫祖国不受任何侵略。
defend、 protect和guard的区别:
defend 指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害,消除危险。用作比喻时,指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。 We have the duty to defend our motherland. 我们有责任保卫我们的祖国。
protect 指利用各种安全防御措施,尽力照顾某人或某物,以使其不受伤害或损害。 They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起,免受风吹。
guard 指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。 We were guarded by sentries against surprise attack. 我们由哨兵守卫,以免遭受突袭。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He made a long speech just now 　　　　(defend) his views from objections.
(2)They defended themselves against 　　　　(attack).
Ⅱ.一句多译
他聘请了一名律师为他的行为进行辩护。
(3)He has hired a lawyer 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(defend v.)
(4)He has hired a lawyer　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(defence n.)
答案　(1)to defend　(2)being attacked
(3)to defend him against his action　(4)in his defence against his action
知识点2　charge n.要价;收费;指控;指责;掌管 v.收费;要价;控告;起诉;指责;充电
(P8)He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎,不仅受命发展中国的火箭科学,还有航天事业和导弹计划。
知识拓展
charge sb with (doing) sth=accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪
charge sb money for sth 因某事收某人钱
free of charge 免费
take charge of 负责掌管(表示动作)
in charge of 主管;掌管(表示状态)
in the charge of 由……掌管;由……负责
图解释义
in charge of多以人作主语,指“某人主管/掌管某事”;in the charge of 多以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。用法与此类似的还有in possession of和in the possession of、in control of和in the control of。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)—I wonder how much you charge 　　　　your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs $30.
(2)The man who was 　　　　charge of the shop was charged 　　　　taking drugs.
(3)Your order will be delivered free 　　　　charge within a ten-mile limit.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)He is in charge of the class.
①　.
(the class作主语)
②　.
(take charge of)
答案　(1)for　(2)in;with　(3)of　(4)①The class is in the charge of him　②He takes charge of the class
知识点3　fault n.缺点;过错 *faulty adj.有错误的;有缺点的 *faultless adj.完美的;无缺点的
(P9)Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
知识拓展
find fault with sb/sth 找出……的错; 挑出……的毛病
find fault in 看出……的缺点;找出……的毛病
图解释义
It's the boy's fault that the window was broken.
窗户破了是这个男孩的错。
fault、 error和mistake的区别:
fault 一般指责任或性格上小且可以饶恕的缺点和错误。 It's your own fault for being careless. 因为你粗心大意,所以这是你自己的过失。
error 指思想或行动上没有得到正确指引而出现的偏差或错误。 The decision to expand the company is an error of judgement. 决定扩大公司规模是一个错误的判断。
mistake 泛指思想上、行动上和认识上的判断或理解方面的错误。 It would be a mistake to ignore his opinion. 忽略他的意见是不对的。
融会应用
　单句填空
(1)He is always finding fault 　　　　my work,which makes me very angry.
(2)I can't find fault　　　　your paper.It is perfect.
答案　(1)with　(2)in
短 语 句 式
知识点4　break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
(P7) However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932...
然而,在1932年淞沪会战爆发后……
知识拓展
break in 打断(谈话);突然闯入
break into 破门而入;强行闯入;打断;突然……起来
break through 突破
break up 打碎;拆散;分解;结束
break down 瓦解;分解;机器坏了;身体垮了
经典佳句
They had escaped to America shortly before war broke out in 1939.
1939年战争爆发前不久他们逃到了美国。
名师点拨
break in和break into都有“闯入”的意思。break in为不及物动词短语,后不跟宾语;break into为及物动词短语,后跟宾语。
融会应用
　单句填空
(1)Don't break 　　　　when we are talking.Wait for your turn.
(2)The students were doing their experiments when a stranger broke 　　　　the lab.
(3)I was still sleeping when the fire broke 　　　　, and then it spread quickly.
答案　(1)in　(2)into　(3)out
知识点5　come down患(病);染上(小病)
(P8)Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.
自从他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力,他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
知识拓展
come down to 可归结为;归根结底
come across 偶然遇到
come up with 提出(主语是人)
come up (建议等)被提及; 被讨论
come about 产生;发生
经典佳句
Thomas came down with chickenpox at the weekend.
托马斯在周末染上了水痘。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I came 　　　　my former English teacher in the street yesterday.
(2)The headmaster wants to know how the accident came 　　　　.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)The scientists are beating their brains trying to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
科学家们绞尽脑汁试图提出解决这个问题的办法。
(4)What it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is,either I go there alone or you accompany me there.
归结起来就是:要么我自己去那里,要么你陪我去。
答案　(1)across　(2)about　(3)come up with a solution to the problem　(4)comes down to
知识点6　above all最重要的是;尤其是
(P9)Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
知识拓展
after all 毕竟;终究
all in all 整体来说;总而言之
first of all第一;首先
in all 全部;总共
at all (否定句)一点也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟
经典佳句
First of all,you should not have scolded the boy at all;he is a child after all.Above all,he made only two mistakes in all.
首先,你不该责备那个男孩,毕竟他还是个孩子。最重要的是,他总共只错了两处。
融会应用
　用all的相关短语填空
(1)I think we should let Maria go camping with her friend.　　　　　　　　,she's grown-up now.
(2)Think about what I have told you,but 　　　　　　　　,don't breathe a word of it to others.
(3)Jack works hard and always gets ready to help others.　　　　　　　　,he is a good student.
(4)There were 　　　　　　　　a hundred persons present.
答案　(1)After all　(2)above all　(3)All in all　(4)in all
知识点7　“否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than”结构
(P7)Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
知识拓展
句中no...greater...than为“否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than”结构,表示最高级含义。
表示最高级含义的其他常见结构:
never+比较级
nothing/no+so/as+原级+as...
nothing/no+比较级+than...
比较级+than+
Unfortunately,the technology of climate change is no simpler than anything else.
不幸的是,气候变化的科技比任何其他事情都要复杂。
What a wonderful novel!I have never read a more moving one.
多么好的一部小说啊!我从未读过比这更感人的书了。
经典佳句
　单句写作
(1)I have never spent 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。
(2)Tom is more intelligent 　　　　　　　　　　　in his class.
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
(3)Nothing is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　practice.
实践最重要。
答案　(1)a more worrying day　(2)than any other student/all the other students　(3)more important than(=as/so important as)
写作探究
人 物 传 记
　　写人物传记,主要是对其生平、主要事迹和贡献进行介绍,使读者对他/她有一个更为清晰和全面的了解。
1.人物传记的一般结构
(1)介绍人物的出生时间、地点。
(2)介绍人物的主要经历、事迹或成就等。
(3)介绍人物的主要贡献或者地位。
(4)对人物做出一定的评价。
2.人物传记的写作顺序
传记多采用时间顺序来组织材料,写作前可以根据获得的材料列一个简单的写作提纲,将值得写的内容列出来,然后进行筛选。
3.人物传记的常用时态
介绍人物的生平事迹和成就等以一般过去时为主,对人物的评价常用一般现在时。
知识点1　教材范例提炼
1.She took an active part in social activities.
她积极参与社会活动。
2.She showed great interest in drawing,making up her mind to be a painter.
她对绘画很感兴趣,决心成为一名画家。
3.It was in 1999 that he began to work as a doctor.
正是在1999年他开始成为一名医生。
4.He fell in love with science and devoted himself to it.
他爱上了科学并且全身心投入其中。
5.He lived a hard life before he achieved a great success.
在他获得巨大的成功之前,他过着艰苦的生活。
6.She finished middle school in 1965, after which she went to university.
她在1965年中学毕业,然后上了大学。
7.The most important thing is that he is warm-hearted.
最重要的事是他有一副热心肠。
8.So strong-minded was he that he could keep up until he succeeded.
他的意志如此坚强,以至于他能坚持做下去直到成功。
知识点2　写作应用体验
写作典例
　　请根据下表的内容提示,写一篇短文介绍著名科学家托马斯·爱迪生(Thomas Edison)。词数100左右。
姓名 托马斯·爱迪生
简介 1.美国历史上一流的发明家之一; 2.1847年2月11日在美国出生,并在美国长大; 3.小时候只受过三个月的学校教育。然而,在妈妈的教育下,他对阅读产生了兴趣; 4.10岁时,他把家中的地窖当成实验室;12岁时,他通过在火车上卖报纸谋生; 5.在他的一生中,他有很多项发明,为世界做出了巨大贡献; 6.他于1931年10月18日去世,全美国熄灯一分钟以示哀悼
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分步推进
Step 1　审题谋篇
体裁 记叙文 时态 一般过去时
主题 爱迪生的传记 人称 第三人称
结构 第一段:简要介绍爱迪生的出生、成长及影响力; 第二段:具体介绍爱迪生的成长经历及对社会的贡献; 第三段:介绍爱迪生的去世及其在人们心中的地位
Step 2　要点翻译
1.词汇翻译
(1)　　　　　　　　 adj.一流的
(2)　　　　　　　　 vt.教育
(3)　　　　　　　　 n.数量
(4)　　　　　　　　 n.人物
(5)　　　　　　　　培养;养育
(6)　　　　　　　　结果;因此
(7)　　　　　　　　谋生
答案　(1)leading　(2)educate　(3)quantity　(4)figure　(5)bring up　(6)as a result　(7)earn one's living
2.句子翻译
(1)他被认为是美国历史上一流的发明家之一。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　one of the leading inventors in American history.
(2)然而,在妈妈的教育下,他对阅读产生了兴趣。
However, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he took an interest in reading.
(3)在12岁时,他通过在火车上卖报纸谋生。
At 12, he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on trains.
(4)在他的一生中,他有很多项发明,为世界做出了巨大贡献。
In all his life, he had 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, making great contributions to the world.
答案　(1)is considered as/to be　(2)educated by his mother　(3)earned his living by selling newspapers
(4)a quantity of inventions
Step 3　连句成篇
　　利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Thomas Edison was born in the United States on February 11th, 1847 and was brought up there. He is considered as one of the leading inventors in American history.
As a boy, he got only three months' education in school. However, educated by his mother, he took an interest in reading. At the age of ten, he had his own laboratory. And at 12, he earned his living by selling newspapers on trains. In all his life, he had a quantity of inventions, making great contributions to the world.
Thomas Edison died on October 18th, 1931. In honor of the important figure, electric lights in the United States were out for one minute.
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
主题写作
　　假定你是李华,请根据下面表格中的内容提示,为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文,介绍你最崇拜的一位中国科学家。
姓名 梁建英
出生年份 1972年
职务 高铁设计师
主要经历 1.1995年大学毕业后开始从事铁路列车研究工作; 2.研制出时速为300~350千米的高速动车组; 3.2015年获奖
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:高速动车组high-speed EMU
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参考范文
Liang Jianying, the designer of the Chinese high-speed EMU, was born in 1972. Since she graduated in 1995, she has been devoting all her time to researching into the development of the Chinese railway train. Afterwards, she invented the 300-350 km/h high-speed EMU, making it more convenient for us to get around quickly. It is because of her outstanding contributions to our country that China is playing a leading role in high-speed railways all over the world. As a consequence, she was awarded in 2015. However, she never shows any signs of pride.
Liang Jianying has set a good example to us. From her, I realise that we should keep on trying until we realise our dreams.