人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture Reading and Thinking 学案（含答案）
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Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解博大精深的中国饮食文化,坚定文化自信;了解中外特色菜肴及饮食文化差异,深入理解饮食与文化的关系;能够充分关注中外饮食文化的差异与融通,从多元文化视角观察和认识世界。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文,培养略读和查读等阅读能力和分析长难句的能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法;能够充分发挥创造性思维,设计一个新的菜品。(语言能力,思维品质)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
第一组
( )1.cuisine ( )2.prior
( )3.pepper ( )4.recipe
( )5.chef ( )6.vinegar
( )7.onion ( )8.lamb
( )9.bacon ( )10.ham
A.adj.先前的;优先的
B.n.菜肴;风味;烹饪
C.n.烹饪法;食谱
D.n.厨师;主厨
E.n.甜椒;灯笼椒;胡椒粉
F.n.羊羔肉;羔羊
G.n.醋
H.n.洋葱;葱头
I.n.火腿
J.n.熏猪肉;咸肉
答案 1~5 BAECD 6~10 GHFJI
第二组
( )1.garlic ( )2.sausage
( )3.cabbage ( )4.dessert
( )5.canteen ( )6.cafeteria
( )7.pork ( )8.calorie
( )9.category ( )10.fibre
A.n.香肠;腊肠
B.n.(饭后)甜点
C.n.食堂;餐厅
D.n.蒜
E.n.甘蓝;卷心菜;洋白菜
F.n.卡路里(热量单位)
G.n.猪肉
H.n.纤维;纤维制品
I.n.自助餐厅;自助食堂
J.n.类别;种类
答案 1~5 DAEBC 6~10 IGFJH
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. vi.组成→ adj.一致的;连续的
2. adj.特别的;罕见的 → n.例外
3. vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗 → n.消费→ n.消费者
4. n.协会;关联 → v.联想;联系;交往
5. adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的→ n.谦虚
答案 1.consist;consistent 2.exceptional;exception 3.consume;consumption;consumer 4.association;associate 5.modest; modesty
构词规律
n.+ -al→adj.
exception n.→exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的 profession n.→professional adj.专业的 tradition n.→traditional adj.传统的 culture n.→cultural adj.文化的
Step 2 短语记诵
1.prior 在……之前的
2.consist 由……组成(或构成)
3.regardless 不管;不顾
4.slice... off
5.lamb kebab
6.junk food (=junk)
答案 1.to 2.of 3.of 4.切下 5.烤羊肉串
6.垃圾食品
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.And, since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.(since引导原因状语从句)
翻译 而且,由于这道菜也是最近发明的,它向我们说明美国人并不害怕尝试新的食物。
仿写 ,
we can tell everyone else.
既然孩子们已经知道结果了,我们可以告诉其他人了。
2.Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(形容词作状语)
翻译 又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
仿写 To our relief, two weeks later, the kid returned, .
令我们感到欣慰的是,两周后这个小孩安然无恙地回来了。
答案 1.Since the children have known the result 2.safe and sound
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Look at the following pictures of foods and try to write down their English names.
1.The following foods are energy-giving foods.
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5) (6)
答案 (1)rice (2)noodles (3)nuts (4)bread
(5)potatoes (6)chocolate
2.The following foods are body-building foods.
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5)
答案 (1)eggs (2)cheese (3)tofu (4)meat
(5)milk
3.The following foods are protective foods.
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5) (6)
答案 (1)peas (2)cucumbers (3)peppers
(4)apples (5)eggplants (6)mushrooms
4.Which group of foods do you like best
答案 略
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 for the main idea.
1.What's the main idea of the passage
A.The link between food and culture.
B.The importance of cuisine.
C.The comparison of Chinese and American food.
D.The diversity of Chinese food.
答案 A
2.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
( )(1)Para.1 ( )(2)Para.2
( )(3)Para.3 ( )(4)Para.4
( )(5)Para.5 ( )(6)Para.6
( )(7)Para.7
A.Chinese cuisine in America.
B.Traditional dishes in Shandong.
C.Brillat-Savarin's view about food.
D.Authentic Chinese food in a Sichuan restaurant.
E.Culture and cuisine go hand in hand.
F.Traditional foods in northern Xinjiang.
G.Wonderful local dishes in South China and central China.
答案 (1)~(7) CADBFGE
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why does the author cite “You are what you eat” in Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the theme of the article.
B.To persuade people to eat healthy food.
C.To show the impact of food on health.
D.To prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
2.What does the author think of General Tso's chicken tasted in America A.It is delicious.
B.It is not authentic.
C.It is too spicy.
D.It shows Chinese culture.
3.What impressed the author and his family more in a Sichuan restaurant
A.The spicy food they ate.
B.Sichuan peppercorns.
C.The friendship they felt.
D.The new experience.
4.What does the author learn from eating dumplings in Shandong
A.Dumplings have to be eaten with vinegar.
B.Dumplings are the most popular in Shandong.
C.Everyone in Shandong can make dumplings.
D.Making dumplings is a family affair.
5.What does the author find different people in China have in common
A.They are all particular about food.
B.They are all good at making food.
C.They all show friendship and kindness.
D.They are all proud of their food and culture.
答案 1~5 ABCDC
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Take notes on what you read in the passage on Pages 26-27 by filling in the table.
答案 1.bold 2.recommended 3.served 4.onions 5.wandered 6.elegant 7.noodles 8.friendship
Ⅱ.Discussion.
Do you think “culture and cuisine go hand in hand” Give your reasons.
答案 略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
善分析 本句是一个复合句。句中that引导宾语从句;stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions为过去分词短语作(1) ,修饰pancake rolls,相当于一个定语从句,补充完整为(2) 。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)后置定语 (2)which are stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions (3)后来,我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
新知探究
左 宗 棠 鸡
左宗棠鸡(General Tso's chicken)是北美地区的知名中餐菜肴,主料为鸡块,油煎后色泽金黄,配以红色尖椒,味甜微辣,亦有不辣的做法。该菜品在1952年由彭长贵创制,托名左宗棠,其实与清末将领左宗棠没有直接关系。
1973年,彭长贵赴美国开办彭园餐厅。一次美国前国务卿基辛格在彭园宴客,吃过“左宗棠鸡”后赞不绝口。此事经媒体大幅报道,这道菜因而名气大震,逐渐成为美国人眼里的中餐“第一菜”。
CULTURE AND CUISINE
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are(1).” Put more simply, this means “You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture.
文化和美食
法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道:“告诉我你吃什么,我就会知道你是什么样的人。”简而言之,这意味着“人如其食”。今天大多数人把这句谚语和健康饮食联系起来。然而,布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上提到的是我们的个性、性格和文化。
【助读点拨】
(1)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句,其中what you eat和what you are都是宾语从句。
Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes(2). For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers(3).This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese(4).On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us,for example,that Americans love bold,simple flavours(5).And,since the dish was also invented recently,it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.(6)
当然,在很多方面这似乎是正确的。中国菜肴就是一个很好的例子。在来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。例如,美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠鸡,这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡,加上红辣椒调味。但这可能不是一个真正的中国菜,因此,它不能让我们对中国人了解多少。另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如,这道菜向我们说明,美国人喜欢味道浓烈、简单的口味。而且,由于这道菜也是最近发明的,它向我们说明美国人并不害怕尝试新的食物。
【助读点拨】
(2)that引导定语从句,修饰先行词Chinese food。
(3)which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词General Tso's chicken。
(4)so连接表示因果关系的并列句。
(5)that引导宾语从句。
(6)since... recently为原因状语从句;that... new foods为宾语从句。
Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.(7) A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(8) With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us(9).
后来,来到中国我有机会体验正宗的中国菜。当我和我的家人刚到中国的时候,我们便在北京找到一个吃饭的好地方。一个朋友向我们推荐了一家四川餐馆,最后我们找到了这家餐馆。又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。以这种方式,我们很高兴地体验了一种全新的口味:四川胡椒。食物很美味,也很与众不同,但更重要的是我们所获得的友谊。
【助读点拨】
(7)When... China为时间状语从句;动词不定式to eat作名词place的后置定语。
(8)so连接表示因果关系的并列句;we had ever eaten为省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词food。
(9)but连接表示转折关系的并列句;what was even more important为主语从句;offered us为过去分词短语作后置定语。
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. I observed that family is important to the people there(10). It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help(11). Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions(12).
我们很快就搬到了华北东部的山东省。在那里,我最喜欢的食物是配上醋的水饺。我注意到家庭对那里的人来说很重要。饺子已经成为华北人民最喜爱的传统菜肴,在那里包饺子一直是每个家庭成员的事,无论老少,都参与进来帮忙。后来,我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
【助读点拨】
(10)that引导宾语从句。
(11)where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词North China。
(12)that引导宾语从句。
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab(13).
之后,我们搬到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克人和内蒙古人。传统上这些民族的人都骑着马在广阔的牧场上漫游。因此,他们的传统食物是可以在篝火上烹饪的食物——通常是煮熟的或烤熟的肉,如烤羊肉串。
【助读点拨】
(13)what引导表语从句。
Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went(14), we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
接着我们去了华南,然后又去了华中。在我们去过的每个地方,我们都体验了当地的美食,从广东精致的点心——用竹蒸笼装的小份食物——到河南独特的烩面。不管在哪儿,食物和人都一样多样化。然而,有一件事总是真实的:通过食物,不管在哪里的中国人都展现友谊和善良。
【助读点拨】
(14)此处为省略关系代词which/that的定语从句,修饰先行词place。
At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.(15)Could we also say,for example,that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves(16) Or,that those who like spicy food(17) tend to have a hot temper Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.(18)
至少,当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们,他们在本地区种植什么,过着什么样的生活,以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。比如,我们可以推断,那些喜欢重口味的人本身就很胆大吗 或者,那些喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火暴吗 也许是。也许不是。然而,我们能确定的是,文化和美食是相辅相成的,如果你没有经历过其中之一,你就永远不可能真正了解另外一个。
【助读点拨】
(15)local people consume为定语从句,修饰先行词food; and连接三个并列的由what引导的宾语从句。
(16)that引导宾语从句,其中who like bold flavours为定语从句,修饰先行词those。
(17)who引导定语从句,修饰先行词those。
(18)What we can say为主语从句; is后是that引导的表语从句,其中if... experience one为条件状语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 experience n.[U]经验;[C]经历v. 经历;体验 *experienced adj.老练的;熟练的;富有经验的
(P26)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
在来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。
知识拓展
have experience in...在……方面有经验
from/by experience 凭借经验
in one's experience 根据某人的经验来看
practical/personal experience实践/个人经验
be experienced in... 在……方面有经验
图解释义
All the kids think the experience of riding a roller coaster is interesting.
所有的孩子都认为坐过山车的经历很有趣。
名师点拨
experience作名词时,意为“经验”,是不可数名词;experience意为“经历”时,是可数名词。当其作动词时,experience意为“体验;经历”,是及物动词。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)As an (experience) teacher,he has much experience teaching.
(2)After a heated discussion,we agreed on making a video to record our (experience) at school.
答案 (1)experienced; in (2)experiences
知识点2 observe vt. 看到;注意到;观察;遵守;庆祝 *observation n. 观察;观察力;监视;评论
(P26)I observed that family is important to the people there.
我注意到家庭对那里的人来说很重要。
知识拓展
observe sb do/doing sth 观察某人做/正在做某事
observe the customs 遵守习俗
It was observed that...据观察……
make an observation of... 对……进行观察
under observation 在监视下
图解释义
The little girl is observing the goldfish carefully.
小女孩正在仔细观察那条金鱼。
名师点拨
observe后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中则要还原to,即sb/sth is observed to do sth。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The girl was in good condition but would be kept under (observe) in the hospital.
(2)The thief was observed (open) the window and run away.
(3)It (observe) that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.
(4)Officers observed him (drive) at 90 miles per hour.
答案 (1)observation (2)to open (3)was observed (4)driving
知识点3 stuff vt. 填满;把……塞进 n.东西;物品
(P26)Later,I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
后来,我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
知识拓展
stuff...into...把……塞进……
stuff...with...用……填满……;把……塞满……
be stuffed with...被……填满
stuff...up with...用……堵住
the stuff of...……的原料;……的本质
经典佳句
Zongzi, a kind of traditional Chinese food eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival, is stuffed with glutinous rice, beans, meat and many different fillings and is wrapped in bamboo leaves or reed leaves.
粽子是在端午节吃的一种中国传统食物,里面用糯米、豆子、肉和许多不同的料塞满, 外面用竹叶或芦苇叶包裹着。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)He hastily stuffed a few clothes a bag.
(2)Her briefcase was stuffed papers.
(3)She stuffed her ears with cotton wool.
答案 (1)into (2)with (3)up
知识点4 slice n.(切下的食物)薄片vt.把……切成薄片 *sliced adj.切成片的
(P26)Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
后来,我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
知识拓展
a slice of一片;一份;一部分
cut...into slices 把……切成片
slice off切下
slice up 切成片
经典佳句
Father pared the apple and cut it into five slices for his five children.
父亲削好苹果后,把苹果切成五份分给他的五个孩子。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Would you slice the cucumber
(2)They spend fair slice of the budget on research and development.
(3)He cut the meat thick slices.
(4)I'll slice a thick piece from the loaf by myself.
答案 (1)up (2)a (3)into (4)off
知识点5 varied adj. 各种各样的;形形色色的;不相同的;变化的 *vary vi.变化;不同 vt.改变;变更 *various adj. 不同的;各种各样的 *variety n. 变化;多样性;种类
(P27)Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people.
不管在哪儿,食物和人都一样多样化。
知识拓展
vary in... 在……方面不同;在……方面有差异
vary with... 随……而变化
vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
a variety of/varieties of各种各样的
经典佳句
We like to live a life full of variety and men's tastes are various.
我们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活,并且人们的品味也各不相同。
名师点拨
(1)a variety of/varieties of后接可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)the variety of+复数名词,意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger are (vary).
(2)Chinese food is famous for its wide (vary).
(3)The goods in the supermarket vary size,color and price.
Ⅱ.词汇升级
(4)In the botanical garden we can find all kinds of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
→In the botanical garden we can find plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
答案 (1)various (2)variety (3)in (4)a variety of /varieties of
知识点6 minimum n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
(P27)At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
至少,当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们,他们在本地区种植什么,过着什么样的生活,以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
知识拓展
at a/the minimum 至少
a minimum of... 最少……
above/below the minimum 超过/低于最低限度
down to a minimum 降到最低点
with the minimum of... 用最少的……
keep/reduce... to a minimum 把……减到最少
经典佳句
At a minimum, you should spend two hours studying in the evening in order to catch up with your classmates.
为了赶上你的同学,你晚上至少应该花两个小时学习。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)He achieved enviable results .
他用最少的努力就取得了令人羡慕的成绩。
(2)She had reduced her consumption of fat and sugar .
她已经把脂肪和糖分的摄入量降到了绝对最低值。
(3)We tried to keep costs .
我们试图把成本降到最低限度。
答案 (1)with the minimum of effort
(2)to an absolute minimum (3)down to a minimum
知识点7 consume v. 消耗;耗费(燃料、能量、时间等);吃;喝;饮 *consumer n. 消费者 *consumption n. 消费
(P27)At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.
至少,当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们,他们在本地区种植什么,过着什么样的生活,以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
知识拓展
be consumed with/by 为(某种思想)而不断受折磨
经典佳句
We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.
不能创造幸福的人没有权利享受幸福,正如不能创造财富的人没有权利享受财富一样。
融会应用
用consume的适当形式填空
(1)Large quantities of solid fuel every day.
(2)With Christmas drawing near, many supermarkets offered discounts to draw the attention of the .
(3)Up and down he paced, with anger and frustration.
(4)What if we didn't have to worry about water
答案 (1)are consumed (2)consumers
(3)consumed (4)consumption
知识点8 temper n.脾气;火气
(P27)Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper
或者,那些喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火暴吗
知识拓展
lose one's temper (with sb) (向某人)发脾气
keep/control one's temper 忍住怒火
in a bad temper 发怒;发脾气
out of temper 发火的;发怒的
fly into a temper 勃然大怒
图解释义
Stuck in traffic for over an hour, the lady began to lose her temper.
堵车一个多小时了,这位女士开始发火了。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)Her boss if a project wasn't done on time.
如果项目没有按时完成,她的老板会勃然大怒。
(2)She and looked at him with her eyes flashing angrily.
她发火了,并且愤怒地看着他。
(3)There are situations in which her it's highly advisable for a person and keep his/her mouth shut.
有些情况下,一个人控制住自己的脾气并保持沉默是明智的。
答案 (1)would fly into a temper (2)lost her temper (3)to control his/her temper
短 语 句 式
知识点9 refer to查阅;参考;提到;指的是;涉及
(P26)However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture.
然而,布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上提到的是我们的个性、性格和文化。
知识拓展
refer... to... 将……送交给(以获得帮助等)……
refer to...as... 把……称为……
in/with reference to... 关于……
for reference 以备查阅;以供参考
经典佳句
This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
这种典型的睡觉模式通常被称为“夜猫子式”。
融会应用
用refer的适当形式填空
(1)Complete the exercises without to a dictionary.
(2)The book to last time has been sold out.
(3)There is no direct to her own childhood in the novel.
答案 (1)referring (2)referred (3)reference
知识点10 consist of由……组成(或构成)
(P26)For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如,美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠鸡,这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡,加上红辣椒调味。
知识拓展
consist in = lie in 在于
be consistent with... 与……一致的;与……符合的
图解释义
His breakfast consists of some bread and a cup of tea.
他的早餐由一些面包和一杯茶组成。
经典佳句
consist of没有被动语态,相当于be made up of或be composed of,且不用于进行时。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)His words aren't consistent the facts.
(2)The text (consist) of four parts.
Ⅱ.一句多译
这个俱乐部由八名成员组成。
(3)This club
.(主动语态)
(4)This club
.(被动语态)
答案 (1)with (2)consists (3) consists of eight members (4)is made up of/is composed of eight members
知识点11 since引导原因状语从句
(P26)And, since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
而且,由于这道菜也是最近发明的,它向我们说明美国人并不害怕尝试新的食物。
知识拓展
句中的since作连词,意思是“因为;由于”,引导原因状语从句,表示明显的原因或既成的事实。
其他表示原因的连词或介词短语:
(1)because因为(语气较重,常用于回答why引导的疑问句)
(2)now that既然;由于(口语中that常可省略,可与since互换)
(3)as因为(语气较弱)
(4)for因为(引导一个分句,不能置于句首,表示进一步补充说明)
(5)due to、 because of、 on account of、 owing to、 thanks to、 as a result of
融会应用
用适当的连词填空
(1) you're here,why not have a drink
(2) it is late,I shall go home now.
(3)The school was moved out of downtown the number of students had grown too large.
(4)It must have rained last night, the ground is wet.
答案 (1)Since (2)Since (3)as (4)for
知识点12 动词不定式作后置定语
(P26)When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
当我和我的家人刚到中国的时候,我们便在北京找到一个吃饭的好地方。
知识拓展
句中动词不定式to eat作后置定语,修饰名词place。
(1)在the first、the second、the last、the next、the only等词和形容词最高级后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
(2)在time、way、chance、ability、promise等抽象名词后,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
He was the last to come in, and we never even got a chance to be interviewed.
他是最后一个进来的,我们甚至都没有机会接受采访。
He has the ability to bring out the best in others.
他能做到扬人之长。
Tea is definitely a great thing to drink early in the morning to ensure you're starting your brain off right.
为了保证头脑清晰,早上喝茶确实是不错的选择。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The best way (travel) is to take a high-speed train.
(2)He is the only man (know) the truth.
(3)The chance (go) for a picnic has been ruined.
答案 (1)to travel (2)to know (3)to go
知识点13 形容词(短语)作状语
(P26)Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
知识拓展
句中Tired, hungry是形容词作状语。形容词(短语)作状语,说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语时可位于句首、句中或句末,常用逗号与句子其他成分分开。
One woman was lying in bed,awake,listening to the rushing wind.
一个女人躺在床上,听着呼啸而过的大风,毫无睡意。
He spent seven days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.
他在风雪中度过了七天,又冷又饿。
融会应用
用形容词(短语)作状语升级句式
(1)She suddenly appeared and seemed happy and satisfied.
→ ,she suddenly appeared.
(2)The boy ran home with fear filling him.
→The boy ran home, .
(3)We watched the Changzheng-5B Rocket successfully launched, and we were delighted and excited.
→We watched the Changzheng-5B Rocket successfully launched, .
答案 (1)Happy and satisfied (2)full of fear
(3)delighted and excited
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.When I passed his house, I observed him (play) in his yard.
2.The club welcomes all new members regardless age.
3.If you buy these goods quantity, we will offer a better price to you.
4.Prior your departure, please complete this task.
5.I'm writing in (refer) to your letter of March 15th.
6.We have (experience) guides to make sure the hiking trip is comfortable and safe.
7.We're making chicken roll-ups (stuff) with cheese, juicy tomatoes, and pesto sauce.
8.It is necessary for us to control our desires in this (consume) society.
9.The team consisted six investigators and two secretaries.
10.And she is believed to be the first (make) it popular.
答案 1.playing 2.of 3.in 4.to 5.reference 6.experienced 7.stuffed 8.consumer 9.of
10.to make
Ⅱ.单句写作
1. were sent to earthquake-stricken areas from Shandong.
大量的食品和帐篷从山东运往了地震灾区。
2.He went to the rescue of a drowning child .
他不顾个人安危去拯救那个落水儿童。
3.It is said that success : talent, diligence and luck.
据说成功由三个重要因素组成:天赋、勤奋和运气。
4.After the long journey, they went back home, .
长途旅行后,他们回到了家,又累又饿。
5.She soon if things do not go as she would like them to.
如果事情没有像她所希望的那样发展,她马上就会发脾气。
答案 1.Quantities of food and tents 2.regardless of his personal safety 3.consists of three important factors 4.hungry and tired 5.loses her temper
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能——地理位置
1.阅读课文中含有表示地理位置的语句
(1)When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
(2)We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China.
(3)It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China...
(4)Then we moved to northern Xinjiang.
2.选出下列句子中含有表示地理位置的句子
A.Our travels then took us to South China,and then on to central China.
B.In each place we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes,from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.
C.However,Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture.
D.Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
E.The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship offered us.
答案 ABD
【衔接高考】
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)I (experience)this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents...
2.(2022·北京)But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist at least 26,000 biochemicals...
3.(2022·全国乙)However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting (consume).
4.(2021·全国乙)The researchers examined (vary) levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
5.(2021·浙江)At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability (recognize) different facial expressions in humans.
答案 1.experienced 2.of 3.consumers 4.various 5.to recognize
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解博大精深的中国饮食文化,坚定文化自信;了解中外特色菜肴及饮食文化差异,深入理解饮食与文化的关系;能够充分关注中外饮食文化的差异与融通,从多元文化视角观察和认识世界。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文,培养略读和查读等阅读能力和分析长难句的能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法;能够充分发挥创造性思维,设计一个新的菜品。(语言能力,思维品质)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
第一组
( )1.cuisine ( )2.prior
( )3.pepper ( )4.recipe
( )5.chef ( )6.vinegar
( )7.onion ( )8.lamb
( )9.bacon ( )10.ham
A.adj.先前的;优先的
B.n.菜肴;风味;烹饪
C.n.烹饪法;食谱
D.n.厨师;主厨
E.n.甜椒;灯笼椒;胡椒粉
F.n.羊羔肉;羔羊
G.n.醋
H.n.洋葱;葱头
I.n.火腿
J.n.熏猪肉;咸肉
答案 1~5 BAECD 6~10 GHFJI
第二组
( )1.garlic ( )2.sausage
( )3.cabbage ( )4.dessert
( )5.canteen ( )6.cafeteria
( )7.pork ( )8.calorie
( )9.category ( )10.fibre
A.n.香肠;腊肠
B.n.(饭后)甜点
C.n.食堂;餐厅
D.n.蒜
E.n.甘蓝;卷心菜;洋白菜
F.n.卡路里(热量单位)
G.n.猪肉
H.n.纤维;纤维制品
I.n.自助餐厅;自助食堂
J.n.类别;种类
答案 1~5 DAEBC 6~10 IGFJH
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. vi.组成→ adj.一致的;连续的
2. adj.特别的;罕见的 → n.例外
3. vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗 → n.消费→ n.消费者
4. n.协会;关联 → v.联想;联系;交往
5. adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的→ n.谦虚
答案 1.consist;consistent 2.exceptional;exception 3.consume;consumption;consumer 4.association;associate 5.modest; modesty
构词规律
n.+ -al→adj.
exception n.→exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的 profession n.→professional adj.专业的 tradition n.→traditional adj.传统的 culture n.→cultural adj.文化的
Step 2 短语记诵
1.prior 在……之前的
2.consist 由……组成(或构成)
3.regardless 不管;不顾
4.slice... off
5.lamb kebab
6.junk food (=junk)
答案 1.to 2.of 3.of 4.切下 5.烤羊肉串
6.垃圾食品
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.And, since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.(since引导原因状语从句)
翻译 而且,由于这道菜也是最近发明的,它向我们说明美国人并不害怕尝试新的食物。
仿写 ,
we can tell everyone else.
既然孩子们已经知道结果了,我们可以告诉其他人了。
2.Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(形容词作状语)
翻译 又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
仿写 To our relief, two weeks later, the kid returned, .
令我们感到欣慰的是,两周后这个小孩安然无恙地回来了。
答案 1.Since the children have known the result 2.safe and sound
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Look at the following pictures of foods and try to write down their English names.
1.The following foods are energy-giving foods.
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5) (6)
答案 (1)rice (2)noodles (3)nuts (4)bread
(5)potatoes (6)chocolate
2.The following foods are body-building foods.
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5)
答案 (1)eggs (2)cheese (3)tofu (4)meat
(5)milk
3.The following foods are protective foods.
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5) (6)
答案 (1)peas (2)cucumbers (3)peppers
(4)apples (5)eggplants (6)mushrooms
4.Which group of foods do you like best
答案 略
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 for the main idea.
1.What's the main idea of the passage
A.The link between food and culture.
B.The importance of cuisine.
C.The comparison of Chinese and American food.
D.The diversity of Chinese food.
答案 A
2.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
( )(1)Para.1 ( )(2)Para.2
( )(3)Para.3 ( )(4)Para.4
( )(5)Para.5 ( )(6)Para.6
( )(7)Para.7
A.Chinese cuisine in America.
B.Traditional dishes in Shandong.
C.Brillat-Savarin's view about food.
D.Authentic Chinese food in a Sichuan restaurant.
E.Culture and cuisine go hand in hand.
F.Traditional foods in northern Xinjiang.
G.Wonderful local dishes in South China and central China.
答案 (1)~(7) CADBFGE
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 26-27 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why does the author cite “You are what you eat” in Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the theme of the article.
B.To persuade people to eat healthy food.
C.To show the impact of food on health.
D.To prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
2.What does the author think of General Tso's chicken tasted in America A.It is delicious.
B.It is not authentic.
C.It is too spicy.
D.It shows Chinese culture.
3.What impressed the author and his family more in a Sichuan restaurant
A.The spicy food they ate.
B.Sichuan peppercorns.
C.The friendship they felt.
D.The new experience.
4.What does the author learn from eating dumplings in Shandong
A.Dumplings have to be eaten with vinegar.
B.Dumplings are the most popular in Shandong.
C.Everyone in Shandong can make dumplings.
D.Making dumplings is a family affair.
5.What does the author find different people in China have in common
A.They are all particular about food.
B.They are all good at making food.
C.They all show friendship and kindness.
D.They are all proud of their food and culture.
答案 1~5 ABCDC
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Take notes on what you read in the passage on Pages 26-27 by filling in the table.
答案 1.bold 2.recommended 3.served 4.onions 5.wandered 6.elegant 7.noodles 8.friendship
Ⅱ.Discussion.
Do you think “culture and cuisine go hand in hand” Give your reasons.
答案 略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
善分析 本句是一个复合句。句中that引导宾语从句;stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions为过去分词短语作(1) ,修饰pancake rolls,相当于一个定语从句,补充完整为(2) 。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)后置定语 (2)which are stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions (3)后来,我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
新知探究
左 宗 棠 鸡
左宗棠鸡(General Tso's chicken)是北美地区的知名中餐菜肴,主料为鸡块,油煎后色泽金黄,配以红色尖椒,味甜微辣,亦有不辣的做法。该菜品在1952年由彭长贵创制,托名左宗棠,其实与清末将领左宗棠没有直接关系。
1973年,彭长贵赴美国开办彭园餐厅。一次美国前国务卿基辛格在彭园宴客,吃过“左宗棠鸡”后赞不绝口。此事经媒体大幅报道,这道菜因而名气大震,逐渐成为美国人眼里的中餐“第一菜”。
CULTURE AND CUISINE
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are(1).” Put more simply, this means “You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture.
文化和美食
法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道:“告诉我你吃什么,我就会知道你是什么样的人。”简而言之,这意味着“人如其食”。今天大多数人把这句谚语和健康饮食联系起来。然而,布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上提到的是我们的个性、性格和文化。
【助读点拨】
(1)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句,其中what you eat和what you are都是宾语从句。
Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes(2). For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers(3).This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese(4).On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us,for example,that Americans love bold,simple flavours(5).And,since the dish was also invented recently,it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.(6)
当然,在很多方面这似乎是正确的。中国菜肴就是一个很好的例子。在来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。例如,美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠鸡,这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡,加上红辣椒调味。但这可能不是一个真正的中国菜,因此,它不能让我们对中国人了解多少。另一方面,它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如,这道菜向我们说明,美国人喜欢味道浓烈、简单的口味。而且,由于这道菜也是最近发明的,它向我们说明美国人并不害怕尝试新的食物。
【助读点拨】
(2)that引导定语从句,修饰先行词Chinese food。
(3)which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词General Tso's chicken。
(4)so连接表示因果关系的并列句。
(5)that引导宾语从句。
(6)since... recently为原因状语从句;that... new foods为宾语从句。
Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.(7) A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(8) With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us(9).
后来,来到中国我有机会体验正宗的中国菜。当我和我的家人刚到中国的时候,我们便在北京找到一个吃饭的好地方。一个朋友向我们推荐了一家四川餐馆,最后我们找到了这家餐馆。又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。以这种方式,我们很高兴地体验了一种全新的口味:四川胡椒。食物很美味,也很与众不同,但更重要的是我们所获得的友谊。
【助读点拨】
(7)When... China为时间状语从句;动词不定式to eat作名词place的后置定语。
(8)so连接表示因果关系的并列句;we had ever eaten为省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词food。
(9)but连接表示转折关系的并列句;what was even more important为主语从句;offered us为过去分词短语作后置定语。
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. I observed that family is important to the people there(10). It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help(11). Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions(12).
我们很快就搬到了华北东部的山东省。在那里,我最喜欢的食物是配上醋的水饺。我注意到家庭对那里的人来说很重要。饺子已经成为华北人民最喜爱的传统菜肴,在那里包饺子一直是每个家庭成员的事,无论老少,都参与进来帮忙。后来,我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
【助读点拨】
(10)that引导宾语从句。
(11)where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词North China。
(12)that引导宾语从句。
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab(13).
之后,我们搬到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克人和内蒙古人。传统上这些民族的人都骑着马在广阔的牧场上漫游。因此,他们的传统食物是可以在篝火上烹饪的食物——通常是煮熟的或烤熟的肉,如烤羊肉串。
【助读点拨】
(13)what引导表语从句。
Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went(14), we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
接着我们去了华南,然后又去了华中。在我们去过的每个地方,我们都体验了当地的美食,从广东精致的点心——用竹蒸笼装的小份食物——到河南独特的烩面。不管在哪儿,食物和人都一样多样化。然而,有一件事总是真实的:通过食物,不管在哪里的中国人都展现友谊和善良。
【助读点拨】
(14)此处为省略关系代词which/that的定语从句,修饰先行词place。
At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.(15)Could we also say,for example,that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves(16) Or,that those who like spicy food(17) tend to have a hot temper Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.(18)
至少,当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们,他们在本地区种植什么,过着什么样的生活,以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。比如,我们可以推断,那些喜欢重口味的人本身就很胆大吗 或者,那些喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火暴吗 也许是。也许不是。然而,我们能确定的是,文化和美食是相辅相成的,如果你没有经历过其中之一,你就永远不可能真正了解另外一个。
【助读点拨】
(15)local people consume为定语从句,修饰先行词food; and连接三个并列的由what引导的宾语从句。
(16)that引导宾语从句,其中who like bold flavours为定语从句,修饰先行词those。
(17)who引导定语从句,修饰先行词those。
(18)What we can say为主语从句; is后是that引导的表语从句,其中if... experience one为条件状语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 experience n.[U]经验;[C]经历v. 经历;体验 *experienced adj.老练的;熟练的;富有经验的
(P26)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
在来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。
知识拓展
have experience in...在……方面有经验
from/by experience 凭借经验
in one's experience 根据某人的经验来看
practical/personal experience实践/个人经验
be experienced in... 在……方面有经验
图解释义
All the kids think the experience of riding a roller coaster is interesting.
所有的孩子都认为坐过山车的经历很有趣。
名师点拨
experience作名词时,意为“经验”,是不可数名词;experience意为“经历”时,是可数名词。当其作动词时,experience意为“体验;经历”,是及物动词。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)As an (experience) teacher,he has much experience teaching.
(2)After a heated discussion,we agreed on making a video to record our (experience) at school.
答案 (1)experienced; in (2)experiences
知识点2 observe vt. 看到;注意到;观察;遵守;庆祝 *observation n. 观察;观察力;监视;评论
(P26)I observed that family is important to the people there.
我注意到家庭对那里的人来说很重要。
知识拓展
observe sb do/doing sth 观察某人做/正在做某事
observe the customs 遵守习俗
It was observed that...据观察……
make an observation of... 对……进行观察
under observation 在监视下
图解释义
The little girl is observing the goldfish carefully.
小女孩正在仔细观察那条金鱼。
名师点拨
observe后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中则要还原to,即sb/sth is observed to do sth。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The girl was in good condition but would be kept under (observe) in the hospital.
(2)The thief was observed (open) the window and run away.
(3)It (observe) that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.
(4)Officers observed him (drive) at 90 miles per hour.
答案 (1)observation (2)to open (3)was observed (4)driving
知识点3 stuff vt. 填满;把……塞进 n.东西;物品
(P26)Later,I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
后来,我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
知识拓展
stuff...into...把……塞进……
stuff...with...用……填满……;把……塞满……
be stuffed with...被……填满
stuff...up with...用……堵住
the stuff of...……的原料;……的本质
经典佳句
Zongzi, a kind of traditional Chinese food eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival, is stuffed with glutinous rice, beans, meat and many different fillings and is wrapped in bamboo leaves or reed leaves.
粽子是在端午节吃的一种中国传统食物,里面用糯米、豆子、肉和许多不同的料塞满, 外面用竹叶或芦苇叶包裹着。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)He hastily stuffed a few clothes a bag.
(2)Her briefcase was stuffed papers.
(3)She stuffed her ears with cotton wool.
答案 (1)into (2)with (3)up
知识点4 slice n.(切下的食物)薄片vt.把……切成薄片 *sliced adj.切成片的
(P26)Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
后来,我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
知识拓展
a slice of一片;一份;一部分
cut...into slices 把……切成片
slice off切下
slice up 切成片
经典佳句
Father pared the apple and cut it into five slices for his five children.
父亲削好苹果后,把苹果切成五份分给他的五个孩子。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Would you slice the cucumber
(2)They spend fair slice of the budget on research and development.
(3)He cut the meat thick slices.
(4)I'll slice a thick piece from the loaf by myself.
答案 (1)up (2)a (3)into (4)off
知识点5 varied adj. 各种各样的;形形色色的;不相同的;变化的 *vary vi.变化;不同 vt.改变;变更 *various adj. 不同的;各种各样的 *variety n. 变化;多样性;种类
(P27)Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people.
不管在哪儿,食物和人都一样多样化。
知识拓展
vary in... 在……方面不同;在……方面有差异
vary with... 随……而变化
vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
a variety of/varieties of各种各样的
经典佳句
We like to live a life full of variety and men's tastes are various.
我们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活,并且人们的品味也各不相同。
名师点拨
(1)a variety of/varieties of后接可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)the variety of+复数名词,意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger are (vary).
(2)Chinese food is famous for its wide (vary).
(3)The goods in the supermarket vary size,color and price.
Ⅱ.词汇升级
(4)In the botanical garden we can find all kinds of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
→In the botanical garden we can find plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
答案 (1)various (2)variety (3)in (4)a variety of /varieties of
知识点6 minimum n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
(P27)At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
至少,当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们,他们在本地区种植什么,过着什么样的生活,以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
知识拓展
at a/the minimum 至少
a minimum of... 最少……
above/below the minimum 超过/低于最低限度
down to a minimum 降到最低点
with the minimum of... 用最少的……
keep/reduce... to a minimum 把……减到最少
经典佳句
At a minimum, you should spend two hours studying in the evening in order to catch up with your classmates.
为了赶上你的同学,你晚上至少应该花两个小时学习。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)He achieved enviable results .
他用最少的努力就取得了令人羡慕的成绩。
(2)She had reduced her consumption of fat and sugar .
她已经把脂肪和糖分的摄入量降到了绝对最低值。
(3)We tried to keep costs .
我们试图把成本降到最低限度。
答案 (1)with the minimum of effort
(2)to an absolute minimum (3)down to a minimum
知识点7 consume v. 消耗;耗费(燃料、能量、时间等);吃;喝;饮 *consumer n. 消费者 *consumption n. 消费
(P27)At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.
至少,当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们,他们在本地区种植什么,过着什么样的生活,以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
知识拓展
be consumed with/by 为(某种思想)而不断受折磨
经典佳句
We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.
不能创造幸福的人没有权利享受幸福,正如不能创造财富的人没有权利享受财富一样。
融会应用
用consume的适当形式填空
(1)Large quantities of solid fuel every day.
(2)With Christmas drawing near, many supermarkets offered discounts to draw the attention of the .
(3)Up and down he paced, with anger and frustration.
(4)What if we didn't have to worry about water
答案 (1)are consumed (2)consumers
(3)consumed (4)consumption
知识点8 temper n.脾气;火气
(P27)Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper
或者,那些喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火暴吗
知识拓展
lose one's temper (with sb) (向某人)发脾气
keep/control one's temper 忍住怒火
in a bad temper 发怒;发脾气
out of temper 发火的;发怒的
fly into a temper 勃然大怒
图解释义
Stuck in traffic for over an hour, the lady began to lose her temper.
堵车一个多小时了,这位女士开始发火了。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)Her boss if a project wasn't done on time.
如果项目没有按时完成,她的老板会勃然大怒。
(2)She and looked at him with her eyes flashing angrily.
她发火了,并且愤怒地看着他。
(3)There are situations in which her it's highly advisable for a person and keep his/her mouth shut.
有些情况下,一个人控制住自己的脾气并保持沉默是明智的。
答案 (1)would fly into a temper (2)lost her temper (3)to control his/her temper
短 语 句 式
知识点9 refer to查阅;参考;提到;指的是;涉及
(P26)However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture.
然而,布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上提到的是我们的个性、性格和文化。
知识拓展
refer... to... 将……送交给(以获得帮助等)……
refer to...as... 把……称为……
in/with reference to... 关于……
for reference 以备查阅;以供参考
经典佳句
This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
这种典型的睡觉模式通常被称为“夜猫子式”。
融会应用
用refer的适当形式填空
(1)Complete the exercises without to a dictionary.
(2)The book to last time has been sold out.
(3)There is no direct to her own childhood in the novel.
答案 (1)referring (2)referred (3)reference
知识点10 consist of由……组成(或构成)
(P26)For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如,美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠鸡,这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡,加上红辣椒调味。
知识拓展
consist in = lie in 在于
be consistent with... 与……一致的;与……符合的
图解释义
His breakfast consists of some bread and a cup of tea.
他的早餐由一些面包和一杯茶组成。
经典佳句
consist of没有被动语态,相当于be made up of或be composed of,且不用于进行时。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)His words aren't consistent the facts.
(2)The text (consist) of four parts.
Ⅱ.一句多译
这个俱乐部由八名成员组成。
(3)This club
.(主动语态)
(4)This club
.(被动语态)
答案 (1)with (2)consists (3) consists of eight members (4)is made up of/is composed of eight members
知识点11 since引导原因状语从句
(P26)And, since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
而且,由于这道菜也是最近发明的,它向我们说明美国人并不害怕尝试新的食物。
知识拓展
句中的since作连词,意思是“因为;由于”,引导原因状语从句,表示明显的原因或既成的事实。
其他表示原因的连词或介词短语:
(1)because因为(语气较重,常用于回答why引导的疑问句)
(2)now that既然;由于(口语中that常可省略,可与since互换)
(3)as因为(语气较弱)
(4)for因为(引导一个分句,不能置于句首,表示进一步补充说明)
(5)due to、 because of、 on account of、 owing to、 thanks to、 as a result of
融会应用
用适当的连词填空
(1) you're here,why not have a drink
(2) it is late,I shall go home now.
(3)The school was moved out of downtown the number of students had grown too large.
(4)It must have rained last night, the ground is wet.
答案 (1)Since (2)Since (3)as (4)for
知识点12 动词不定式作后置定语
(P26)When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
当我和我的家人刚到中国的时候,我们便在北京找到一个吃饭的好地方。
知识拓展
句中动词不定式to eat作后置定语,修饰名词place。
(1)在the first、the second、the last、the next、the only等词和形容词最高级后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
(2)在time、way、chance、ability、promise等抽象名词后,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
He was the last to come in, and we never even got a chance to be interviewed.
他是最后一个进来的,我们甚至都没有机会接受采访。
He has the ability to bring out the best in others.
他能做到扬人之长。
Tea is definitely a great thing to drink early in the morning to ensure you're starting your brain off right.
为了保证头脑清晰,早上喝茶确实是不错的选择。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The best way (travel) is to take a high-speed train.
(2)He is the only man (know) the truth.
(3)The chance (go) for a picnic has been ruined.
答案 (1)to travel (2)to know (3)to go
知识点13 形容词(短语)作状语
(P26)Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
知识拓展
句中Tired, hungry是形容词作状语。形容词(短语)作状语,说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语时可位于句首、句中或句末,常用逗号与句子其他成分分开。
One woman was lying in bed,awake,listening to the rushing wind.
一个女人躺在床上,听着呼啸而过的大风,毫无睡意。
He spent seven days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.
他在风雪中度过了七天,又冷又饿。
融会应用
用形容词(短语)作状语升级句式
(1)She suddenly appeared and seemed happy and satisfied.
→ ,she suddenly appeared.
(2)The boy ran home with fear filling him.
→The boy ran home, .
(3)We watched the Changzheng-5B Rocket successfully launched, and we were delighted and excited.
→We watched the Changzheng-5B Rocket successfully launched, .
答案 (1)Happy and satisfied (2)full of fear
(3)delighted and excited
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.When I passed his house, I observed him (play) in his yard.
2.The club welcomes all new members regardless age.
3.If you buy these goods quantity, we will offer a better price to you.
4.Prior your departure, please complete this task.
5.I'm writing in (refer) to your letter of March 15th.
6.We have (experience) guides to make sure the hiking trip is comfortable and safe.
7.We're making chicken roll-ups (stuff) with cheese, juicy tomatoes, and pesto sauce.
8.It is necessary for us to control our desires in this (consume) society.
9.The team consisted six investigators and two secretaries.
10.And she is believed to be the first (make) it popular.
答案 1.playing 2.of 3.in 4.to 5.reference 6.experienced 7.stuffed 8.consumer 9.of
10.to make
Ⅱ.单句写作
1. were sent to earthquake-stricken areas from Shandong.
大量的食品和帐篷从山东运往了地震灾区。
2.He went to the rescue of a drowning child .
他不顾个人安危去拯救那个落水儿童。
3.It is said that success : talent, diligence and luck.
据说成功由三个重要因素组成:天赋、勤奋和运气。
4.After the long journey, they went back home, .
长途旅行后,他们回到了家,又累又饿。
5.She soon if things do not go as she would like them to.
如果事情没有像她所希望的那样发展,她马上就会发脾气。
答案 1.Quantities of food and tents 2.regardless of his personal safety 3.consists of three important factors 4.hungry and tired 5.loses her temper
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能——地理位置
1.阅读课文中含有表示地理位置的语句
(1)When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
(2)We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China.
(3)It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China...
(4)Then we moved to northern Xinjiang.
2.选出下列句子中含有表示地理位置的句子
A.Our travels then took us to South China,and then on to central China.
B.In each place we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes,from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.
C.However,Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture.
D.Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
E.The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship offered us.
答案 ABD
【衔接高考】
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)I (experience)this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents...
2.(2022·北京)But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist at least 26,000 biochemicals...
3.(2022·全国乙)However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting (consume).
4.(2021·全国乙)The researchers examined (vary) levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
5.(2021·浙江)At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability (recognize) different facial expressions in humans.
答案 1.experienced 2.of 3.consumers 4.various 5.to recognize