人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 First Aid Reading and Thinking 学案（含答案）
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Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文,了解一些中外紧急救援机构及其实施救援的方法和流程;能够深入思考学习急救知识和技能的意义,并能分析造成意外事故的原因,总结避免意外发生的注意事项。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文,培养略读和查读等阅读能力,培养分析长难句的能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力,思维品质)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
第一组
( )1.organ ( )2.ray
( )3.radiation ( )4.acid
( )5.millimetre ( )6.fabric
( )7.bath ( )8.mosquito
( )9.carpet ( )10.ambulance
A.n.光线;光束;(热、电等)射线
B.n.辐射;放射线
C.n.毫米;千分之一米
D.n.酸 adj.酸性的;酸的
E.n.(人或动植物的)器官
F.n.蚊子
G.n.地毯
H.n.织物;布料;(社会、机构等的)结构
I.n.救护车
J.n.洗澡;浴缸;浴盆 vt.给……洗澡
答案 1~5 EABDC 6~10 HJFGI
第二组
( )1.needle ( )2.ward
( )3.ankle ( )4.steak
( )5.fist ( )6.motion
( )7.welfare ( )8.foggy
( )9.suburb ( )10.membership
A.n.牛排;肉排
B.n.针;缝衣针;注射针;指针
C.n.病房
D.n.拳;拳头
E.n.踝;踝关节
F.n.幸福;福祉;安康;福利
G.n.运动;移动
H.n.郊区;城外
I.n.会员身份;全体会员;会员人数
J.adj.有雾的
答案 1~5 BCEAD 6~10 GFJHI
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. n.技能;技术;技艺→ adj.技能的;技术的→ n.科技;技术
2. adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的→(反义词) adj.较大的;主要的;重要的
3. adj.电的;用电的;电动的→ n.电
4. adj.(身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的→ vt.(swelled, swollen)膨胀;肿胀
5. adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的→ adv.紧急地
6. v.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解n.容易;舒适;自在→ adj.容易的
7. n.流血;失血→ vi.(bled, bled)流血;失血
8. adj.切实可行的;实际的;实践的→ n.实际行动;实践
9. adv.紧紧地;牢固地;紧密地→ adj.牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的 adv.紧紧地;牢固地
10. adj.有雾的→ n.雾
答案 1.technique;technical;technology 2.minor;major 3.electric;electricity 4.swollen;swell
5.urgent;urgently 6.ease;easy 7.bleeding;bleed
8.practical;practice 9.tightly;tight 10.foggy;fog
构词规律
v.+-ing→n.
bleed v.→bleeding n.流血;失血 shop v.→shopping n.购物 swim v.→swimming n.游泳 teach v.→teaching n.教导;教学
Step 2 短语记诵
1.sense of touch
2.electric shock
3.vital sign
4.help sb to one's feet
5.face up/down
6.sleep 迟起;睡过头;睡懒觉
7.out of 健康状况不好
答案 1.触觉 2.触电;电击 3.生命体征 4.帮助某人站起身来 5.面朝上(朝下) 6.in 7.shape
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(as引导非限制性定语从句)
翻译 正如你想象的那样,烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
仿写 , he studies very hard.
众所周知,他学习很努力。
2.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.(过去分词短语作定语)
翻译 例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。
仿写 The book is taught in class.
课堂上(老师在)讲鲁迅写的书。
3.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.(if necessary的用法)
翻译 如果有必要的话,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服,除非你看到布料粘在烧伤的皮肤上。
仿写 , the airship can stay up there for days to keep out of danger.
必要时,飞船能在那里停留数天以躲避危险。
答案 1.As we all know 2.written by Lu Xun
3.If necessary
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3
1.What happened to them in the pictures
(1)Picture 1:
(2)Picture 2:
(3)Picture 3:
2.If you come across such situation, what will you do
3.What is first aid
答案
1.(1)She was choking. (2)His/Her ankle was sprained. (3)Her nose was bleeding.
2.略
3.First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Choose the best answer according to the passage on Pages 50-51.
The author writes this passage mainly to .
A.tell us how to protect ourselves from being burned
B.teach us how to do first aid
C.introduce the various degrees of burns to us
D.give us some information about first aid for burns
答案 D
Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each part according to the passage on Pages 50-51.
( )1.Part 1 (Para.1)
( )2.Part 2 (Para.2)
( )3.Part 3 (Paras.3-6)
( )4.Part 4 (Para.7)
( )5.Part 5 (Paras.8-13)
A.The three types of burns.
B.What to do if someone gets burnt.
C.The functions of the skin.
D.The symptoms of burns.
E.The causes of burns.
答案 1~5 CEADB
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 50-51 and answer the following questions.
1.Why is the skin very important to our bodies according to the passage
A.The skin can protect human against diseases and harmful things.
B.The skin can keep human warm in summer.
C.The skin can absorb water from outside.
D.Without the skin, we will have no sense.
2.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of second-degree burns
A.Extremely painful.
B.Turn white when pressed.
C.Red and swollen.
D.Watery surface.
3.Which of the following first-aid treatments is TRUE according to the passage
A.Take clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn.
B.Do not put cold water on second-degree burns.
C.If burns are on the face,make sure the victim can breathe.
D.It is not necessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once if the injuries are second-degree burns.
4.If you are burnt slightly,you can get better by .
A.cooling the burnt area with icy water
B.putting burns under cool running water immediately
C.covering the burnt area with a dry,clean bandage
D.placing the burns in some warm water
5.One who has got third-degree burns in his hand .
A.may not feel painful if nerves are damaged
B.may feel extremely painful as the burn is so terrible
C.may feel a little pain if the burn is pressed
D.may find the burn dry,red and mildly swollen
答案 1~5 ABCBA
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Take notes on what you read in the passage on Pages 50-51 by filling in the table.
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Depth only the top few 1. of the skin below 2. of the skin every layer of the skin,and sometimes 3. under it
Characteristics ●dry,red and mildly swollen ●mildly painful ●4. when pressed ●red and swollen;blisters;5. ●extremely painful ●black and white ●swollen;the tissue underneath can often be seen ●little or no pain if 6. are damaged;may be painful around the edges of the burn
Treatment Place burns under 7. .→Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.→Remove any clothes 8. if necessary.→Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.→Burns on the face: make sure the victim can still 9. .→Second or third-degree burns: there is 10. to take him/her to the hospital at once.
答案 1.millimetres 2.the top layer 3.the tissue 4.turn white 5.watery surface 6.nerves 7.cool running water 8.using scissors 9.breathe 10.an urgent need
Ⅱ.Discussion.
With the knowledge you have learnt from the passage, describe the following scenes and tell how to deal with the emergencies.
Picture A Picture B Picture C
答案
Picture A: The burn is caused by touching the pot.It belongs to the first-degree burns, because it affects only the top few millimetres of the skin.We should place burns under cool running water within the first ten minutes.Then cover the burnt area gently with a loose clean cloth.
Picture B:It belongs to the second-degree burns, which is caused by hot liquids. The burns are below the top layer of the skin.They are serious. We should dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth, and take him to the hospital at once.
Picture C: We can know someone got burnt and his/her skin became charred.It belongs to the third-degree burns.It is caused by fire.It affects every layer of the skin, including the tissue under the skin.If necessary, remove any clothes using scissors; and there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
善分析 本句是一个主从复合句,其中主句是(1) ,动词-ing形式 Applying oil to the injured areas作(2) ;as引导(3) 从句。
会翻译 (4)
答案 (1)Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea (2)主语 (3)原因状语 (4)把油涂在受伤的地方并不是个好主意,因为它会使伤口里面的热散不出去,并可能导致感染。
新知探究
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.Your skin acts as a barrier against disease,toxins,and the sun's rays.It also helps control your body temperature,prevents your body from losing too much water,warns you when things are too hot or cold(1),and gives you your sense of touch.As you can imagine(2),getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
烧 伤 急 救
皮肤是人体的重要组成部分,也是人体最大的器官。你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳光线的屏障。它还有助于控制体温,防止身体流失过多的水分,在外物过热或过冷时发出警告,以及使你有触觉。正如你想象的那样,烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步是进行急救。
【助读点拨】
(1)when引导时间状语从句。
(2)As引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面主句的内容。
CAUSES OF BURNS
You can get burnt by a variety of things:hot liquids,steam,fire,radiation,the sun,electricity,acids,or other chemicals.
TYPES OF BURNS
Burns are divided into three types,depending on the depth of skin damage(3).
●First-degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents(4).
烧伤的原因
你可能会被各种各样的东西灼伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。
烧伤的种类
根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤可分为三种类型。
●一度烧伤:这类烧伤只影响皮肤表面几毫米。这些烧伤不严重。例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。
●Second-degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
●Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin,and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,burning clothes,or petrol fires.These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once(5).
●二度烧伤:这类烧伤伤及皮肤表层以下。它们是严重的,需要几个星期才能好起来。例如由灼热的液体造成的烫伤。
●三度烧伤:这类烧伤会影响皮肤的每一层,有时还会影响到皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油火灾导致的烧伤。这些烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤,伤者必须马上去医院。
【助读点拨】
(3)动词-ing形式作方式状语。
(4)过去分词短语作后置定语。
(5)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句。
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
First-degree burns
●dry,red,and mildly swollen
●mildly painful
●turn white when pressed(6)
Second-degree burns
●red and swollen;blisters;watery surface
●extremely painful
Third-degree burns
●black and white
●swollen;the tissue underneath can often be seen
●little or no pain if nerves are damaged(7);may be painful around the edges of the burn
FIRST-AID TREATMENT
1.Place burns under cool running water,especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
2.Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary,unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.(8)
4.Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea,as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.(9)
5.If burns are on the face,make sure the victim can still breathe.
烧伤的特点
一度烧伤
●干燥、发红、微肿
●微痛
●受压时变白
二度烧伤
●发红、肿胀、起水泡、表层渗液
●极其疼痛
三度烧伤
●黑白相间
●肿胀;通常可看到皮下组织
●如神经受损,则轻微疼痛或无痛感;创面边缘可能有疼痛感
急救处理
1.把烧伤的部位放在流动的凉水下冲洗,特别是在开始的十分钟内。凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程,减少疼痛和肿胀。
2.用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤的地方。
3.如果有必要的话,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服,除非你看到布料粘在烧伤的皮肤上。
4.用一块宽松干净的布料覆盖烧伤区域。把油涂在受伤的地方并不是个好主意,因为它会使伤口里面的热散不出去,并可能导致感染。
5.如果是面部烧伤,确保伤者还能呼吸。
6.If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns,there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
6.如果伤者属于二度或三度烧伤,就需立即送他/她去医院。
【助读点拨】
(6)when pressed为时间状语从句when they are pressed的省略形式。
(7)if引导条件状语从句。
(8)unless引导条件状语从句;if necessary为if it is necessary的省略形式;using scissors为动词-ing形式作方式状语。
(9)Applying oil to the injured areas为动词-ing形式作主语;as 引导原因状语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 aid n.& vt.帮助;援助;资助
(P49)In this unit,you will read about the first aid for burns and a story about an emergency situation.
在这个单元,你将阅读关于烧伤的急救知识和一个关于紧急情况的故事。
知识拓展
aid sb in (doing)sth 帮助某人(做)某事
aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
aid sb with sth 用某物帮助某人
go/come to one's aid 去/来帮助某人
first aid (对伤患者的)急救
with the aid of 在……的帮助下
in aid of... 为帮助……
图解释义
The blind man walks with the aid of a guide dog.
那个盲人在导盲犬的帮助下步行。
aid和help的辨析:
(1)aid与help作动词或名词时,都有“帮助”之意,有时可通用。
(2)aid 是比较正式的用法,较为庄重,在日常生活中并不多用;help则含义较广,特别在日常生活中用得较多,几乎所有能用aid的地方都可以用help代替,但在表示“救护”时,只能用aid。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)When I was young, my sister often aided me (dress).
(2)I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came my aid and told me where to go.
(3)We are collecting money aid of the people who have lost their homes.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)He should be able to read this magazine .
他应当能够在不借助字典的情况下阅读这本杂志。
(5)They the poor country money.
他们用钱帮助那个贫穷的国家。
(6)His workmates the difficulty.
他的工友们帮助他克服困难。
答案 (1)to dress (2)to (3)in (4)without the aid of a dictionary (5)aided; with (6)aided him to overcome/in overcoming
知识点2 technique n.技能;技术;技艺
(P50)What first-aid techniques do you know of
你知道哪些急救技巧
知识拓展
have a technique for... 有……的技术
technique in... ……方面的技术
图解释义
The musician combines different techniques in the performance.
这位音乐家在表演中结合了不同的技巧。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)They learn basic techniques self-defence.
(2)Dick Fosbury had a new technique doing the high jump.
答案 (1)in (2)for
知识点3 injury n.(对躯体的)伤害;损伤 *injure vt.损害;伤害 *injured adj.受伤的;委屈的
(P50)As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
正如你想象的那样,烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
知识拓展
do an injury to sb= do sb an injury伤害某人
the injured 伤员(表示一类人,谓语动词常用复数形式)
badly injured 受重伤
injure one's health/reputation 损害某人的健康/名誉
经典佳句
Be careful, or you'll do an injury to yourself.
小心,否则你会伤了你自己。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)What the newspaper reported did great injury to her fame.
(2)These chemicals come from the (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·湖北鄂州月考)I heard that .
我听说她的儿子在事故中受伤了。
答案 (1)a (2)injured (3)her son was injured in the accident
知识点4 minor adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的 *minority n.[C]少数民族;少数
(P50)Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。
知识拓展
a minor matter 小事
minor party 少数党
a/the minority of 少数的
be in the/a minority 占少数
经典佳句
To make the plan carried out better, we have made some minor changes to the program.
为了更好地执行该计划,我们对其做了一些小的改动。
名师点拨
the minority单独作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)These exercises , but offer major payoffs.
这些练习需要付出很少的努力,但会带来很大的回报。
(2) ,but I actually think it is the biggest pain in my life.
这是一件小事,但我却认为这是我一生中最大的痛苦。
(3)It is reported that women are at the meeting.
据报道,参加这次会议的女性占少数。
(4)It's clear that these new laws.
很明显,只有少数人支持这些新法律。
答案 (1)require minor efforts (2)This is a minor matter (3)in the minority (4)only a minority of people support
知识点5 cover vt.覆盖;行走(路程);报道;占(一片面积);足以支付
(P51)Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.
用一块宽松干净的布料覆盖烧伤区域。
知识拓展
cover...with... 用……盖住……
be covered by/with 被/由……覆盖
cover up 遮盖;隐瞒
cover an area of... 占地面积为……
cover daily expenses 支付日常费用
cover an event 报道事件
图解释义
Around the lake lie sixteen mountains,which are covered with snow all the year round.
围绕着这个湖泊的是十六座山峰,终年积雪。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The little girl covered her face her hands to hide her shyness.
(2)When I woke up,I found the ground (cover) with snow.
(3) (cover) a total area of 8,000 square kilometers, this city has a population of about ten million.
(4)At other times you cover your “real” emotions with other emotions.
答案 (1)with (2)covered (3)Covering (4)up
知识点6 apply vt.涂;敷;应用 vi.申请;适用;使(注意力等)集中于 *applied adj.应用的;实用的 *application n.应用;适用;申请 *applicant n.申请人;应征者
(P51)Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
把油涂在受伤的地方并不是个好主意,因为它会使伤口里面的热量散不出去,并可能导致感染。
知识拓展
apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物
apply...to...把……施于……;把……运用于……
apply for 申请;要求
apply oneself to 致力于;集中精力于……
经典佳句
The applicant applied himself to applying for a post for teaching applied chemistry,saying that he would apply what he had learnt to his teaching.
这位申请人致力于申请一份教应用化学的工作,并且说他会把他所学到的(知识)运用到他的教学中去。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She applied the international school a job as an English teacher.
(2)Over the years,he has applied himself to (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers.
(3)He (apply) his brake quickly immediately he saw a dog lying on the road.
(4)However,technology is also the (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,touching our lives in countless ways.
Ⅱ.用apply的相关短语完成小短文
In order to further my study abroad, I have (5) (向四所大学申请) postgraduate study.As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way.I hope it can (6) (适用于) me.If I succeed, I will (7) (使我自己集中精力于) study, hoping to make contributions to my future career.
答案 (1)to; for (2)improving (3)applied (4)application
(5)applied to four universities for (6)apply to (7)apply myself to
知识点7 urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的 *urgently adv.紧急地;急迫地 *urgency n.紧急;紧迫性 *urge vt.催促;极力主张 n.强烈的欲望;冲动
(P51)If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者属于二度或三度烧伤,就需立即送他/她去医院。
知识拓展
urgent care/meeting/action/mission 紧急护理/会议/行动/任务
in urgent need 急需
It is urgent that...(should) do sth. 做某事是非常紧要的。
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
have an urge to do sth 有做某事的欲望/冲动
图解释义
When her daughter had a high fever, she made an urgent call to the hospital.
当女儿发高烧的时候,她给医院打了一个紧急电话。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She was surprised at the (urgent) in his voice.
(2)It is urgent that food and clothes (send) to the sufferers in the area.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)As we all know, food and water here.
众所周知,这里急需食物和水。
(4)The vacation is coming and I .
假期快到了,我有去做一份兼职的冲动。
答案 (1)urgency (2)(should) be sent (3)there's an urgent need for (4)have an urge to do a part-time job
知识点8 ease v.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n.容易;舒适;自在 *easy adj.容易的;舒适的adv.小心;慢些;轻点
(P51)Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.
在烧伤的地方涂上黄油或油会有帮助,因为它可以减轻肿胀和缓解不适。
知识拓展
ease sb of... 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
ease the tension 缓和紧张的情绪
ease one's mind 使放心
take one's ease 休息
at ease 舒适;快活;自由自在
put sb at ease 使某人感到轻松自在; 使某人安心
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去放松
with ease 容易地;毫不费劲地
for ease of 以便
图解释义
When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease.
当你感到紧张时,你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松一下。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)Now he can set his mind because he has passed the examination .
现在他可以放心了,因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。
(2)I don't in this strange place.
在这个陌生的地方,我觉得很不自在。
(3)This medicine will .
这种药会缓解你的痛苦。
答案 (1)at ease;with ease (2)feel at ease (3)ease you of your pain
短 语 句 式
知识点9 sense of touch触觉
(P50)It also helps control your body temperature,prevents your body from losing too much water,warns you when things are too hot or cold,and gives you your sense of touch.
它还有助于控制体温,防止身体流失过多的水分,在外物过热或过冷时发出警告,以及使你有触觉。
知识拓展
sense of responsibility/duty 责任感;责任心
sense of humor 幽默感;幽默
sense of belonging 归属感
sense of smell 嗅觉
sense of taste 味觉
sense of beauty 美感;审美感
sense of direction 方向感
图解释义
Newly developed robots have a sense of touch and are able to see and make decisions, too.
新开发的机器人有触觉,可以看见物体,也能做决定。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)A good chef must have
.
好的厨师必须有好的味觉。
(2)He had and soon got lost.
他方向感很差,一会儿就迷路了。
(3)He is distinguished for
.
他以其幽默感著称。
答案 (1)a good sense of taste (2)a poor sense of direction
(3)his sense of humor
知识点10 a variety of 各种各样的
(P50)You can get burnt by a variety of things...
你可能会被各种各样的东西灼伤……
知识拓展
vary in 在……方面不同;在……方面有差异
vary with 随……而变化
vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
in various ways通过各种方式
经典佳句
There are a variety of reasons that affect cotton's growth.
影响棉花生长的原因多种多样。
名师点拨
a variety of 后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;the variety of 后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Opinions on this matter vary person person.
(2)The variety of his books (be) astonishing.
(3)A variety of books (be) on the desk.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)These suggestions which were put forward in the meeting .
会议上提出的这些建议在影响力和重要性上都存在着差异。
(5)Rapid population growth affects the society .
人口的快速增长以各种方式影响社会。
答案 (1)from;to (2)is (3)are (4)vary in influence and importance (5)in various ways
知识点11 depend on依赖;依靠
(P50)Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤可分为三种类型。
知识拓展
depend on/upon sb to do... 依靠某人做……
depend on/upon it that... 指望……;相信……
It (all) depends./That depends. 视情况而定。
图解释义
In addition to enough sleep, good health also depends on both a balanced diet and proper exercise.
除了充足的睡眠,良好的健康状况还依赖于均衡的饮食和适当的运动。
名师点拨
rely on、 depend on/upon、 see to 等词后接that 从句作宾语时,必须先用 it 作形式宾语。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)In most cases,they tend to meet a few hours every week (depend)on their schedules.
(2)I know we can depend on her (deal) with the tough situation.
(3)You can depend on that he'll turn up on time. He always keeps his promise.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)You can depend on him to help you.(it作形式宾语)
答案 (1)depending (2)to deal (3)it (4)You can depend on it that he will help you.
知识点12 make sure确信;证实
(P51)If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
如果是面部烧伤,确保伤者还能呼吸。
知识拓展
make sure of... 弄清楚;查明
make sure that... 确信;务必
be sure of/about/that... 有把握;确信
be sure to do sth 一定会做某事
for sure 确定地;无疑地
图解释义
To make sure your appliance is off,remove the plug from its power supply.
为了确保你的家用电器已关闭,请把电源插头拔掉。
名师点拨
make sure后一般不接不定式。另外,以上结构中的sure一般都可以与certain互换,需要注意的是,可以用It is certain that...,不可以用It is sure that...。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)If you are not sure the answer, you'd better turn to your teacher for help.
(2)You are sure (succeed) if you go on working hard. I believe in you!
(3)The meeting will be held in September,but nobody knows the date sure.
(4)You'd better make sure the exact time of the arriving plane so that we can go to meet you at the airport.
答案 (1)of/about (2)to succeed (3)for (4)of
知识点13 as引导非限制性定语从句
(P50)As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
正如你想象的那样,烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
知识拓展
句中的as you can imagine为as引导的非限制性定语从句, as意为“正如”,指代的是逗号后整个句子的内容。
as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词是整个主句,as在从句中作主语或宾语,从句可以放在主句前、主句后或插入主句中间。
常见的as引导的非限制性定语从句的固定表达有as we all know、 as everyone knows、 as is known to all、 as is well-known、 as I can remember、 as we expect、 as was expected、 as often happens、 as we all can see、 as can be seen、 as has been said before等。
She is late, as is often the case.
她迟到了,这是经常的事。
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.
正如你们多数人所做的那样,对事实视而不见是愚蠢的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.翻译句子
(1)他慢慢地、谨慎地下定了决心,这是他的天性。
(2)正如他习惯的那样,他早晨七点钟去上班。
Ⅱ.一句多译
众所周知,莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。
(3)As , Shakespeare is a famous writer.
(4)Shakespeare is a famous writer, to all.
答案 (1)Slowly and carefully he made up his mind, as was his nature. (2)As is a habit of him, he goes to work at 7 o'clock in the morning. (3)everyone knows/we all know (4)as is known
知识点14 if necessary
(P51)Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如果有必要的话,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服,除非你看到布料粘在烧伤的皮肤上。
知识拓展
句中if necessary为if it is necessary的省略结构。 当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be可以省略。与if necessary类似的结构还有:
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 假如这样的话
if not 假如不是这样的话;不然的话;否则
if ever 即使有
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
You can make some changes if (it is) necessary.
如果有必要的话,你可以做一些改动。
Being kind to others should be everyone's principle of life. If (it is) so, our world will be more peaceful and beautiful.
对他人友善应该是每个人的生活准则。如果这样的话,我们的世界将会更加和平美丽。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)I might see you tomorrow. ,then it'll be Saturday.
我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就是周六。
(2) ,I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能的话,我希望明年夏天去那里。
(3)They think she may try to phone. ,someone must stay here.
他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话,就得有人守在这儿。
答案 (1)If not (2)If possible (3)If so
知识点15 there is a(n)... need to do sth
(P51)If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者属于二度或三度烧伤,就需立即送他/她去医院。
知识拓展
句中含有there is an urgent need to do sth的句式结构,意为“非常有必要做某事”。
常见的there be结构如下:
There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事
There is no denying that... 不可否认……
There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
There is no problem to do sth 做某事没问题
常见的与there be 结构类似的有:
There happen(s) to be ... 碰巧有……
There seem(s) to be ... 好像有……
There may/must be ... 可能/肯定有……
融会应用
单句写作
(1) this project by tomorrow.
这个项目急需在明天之前完成!
(2)I have been attaching great importance to spoken English, so fluently.
我一直非常重视英语口语,所以对我来说流利地说英语是没有问题的。
(3) fewer tourists around this year.
今年来访的游客似乎少了。
答案 (1)There is an urgent need to finish (2)there is no problem for me to speak English (3)There seems to be
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The employee won't stand (treat) like that by his new boss. He'll leave the factory.
2.These men made themselves famous for their courage and (brave).
3.They have earned lots of money, so I (firm) believe that the business is a success.
4.It is vital that these application forms (send) back as early as possible.
5. the aid of our teacher,we finished the experiment successfully.
6.If you apply yourself the job, you'll soon finish it.
7.As the hillside was (cover) with snow, we had to walk up carefully.
8.The quiet decor of her home made her feel comfortable and ease.
答案 1.being treated 2.bravery 3.firmly
4.(should) be sent 5.With 6.to 7.covered 8.at
Ⅱ.选词填空
sense of touch;have a technique for;at a loose end;an urgent problem;if necessary;depend on; make sure; a variety of
1.I could come earlier tomorrow, .
2.Adolescents are most likely to get into trouble when they're .
3.He improving the speed of the train.
4.The evidence suggests that our is programmed to diminish with age.
5.How to improve the students' Chinese writing abilities remains to solve for the inland minority national middle schools.
6.We evaluated different approaches to this challenge.
7.We think it necessary to of your sale capacity.
8.The isolation period will vary, medical test results.
答案 1.if necessary 2.at a loose end 3.has a technique for 4.sense of touch 5.an urgent problem 6.a variety of 7.make sure 8.depending on
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——查找段落主题句并高度概括
1.Part 1(Para.1):
高度概括:
2.Part 2(Para.2):
高度概括:
3.Part 3(Paras.3-6):
高度概括:
4.Part 4(Para.7):
高度概括:
5.Part 5(Paras.8-13):
高度概括:
答案
1.The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.
The skin is an essential organ.
2.You can get burnt by a variety of things:hot liquids,steam,fire,radiation,the sun,electricity,acids,or other chemicals.
Many things can make you get burnt.
3.Burns are divided into three types,depending on the depth of skin damage.
Burns are divided into three types.
4.CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
Different types of burns have different characteristics.
5.FIRST-AID TREATMENT
Giving proper first aid is very important and necessary.
【衔接高考】
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)It was a hummingbird(蜂鸟), desperately trying to escape. She (cover) in spider-webs(蛛网) and was barely able to move her wings.
2.(2023·浙江1月)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending the age group.
3.(2022·北京)It's an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills (solve) problems.
4.(2021·全国乙) (make) sure that the tourism
provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
5.(2021·北京)There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, (cause)largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
6.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)Working from an inspirational picture,this workshop at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach you the (technique) you will need to recreate your picture in wool.
答案 1.was covered 2.on 3.to solve 4.Make 5.caused 6.techniques
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文,了解一些中外紧急救援机构及其实施救援的方法和流程;能够深入思考学习急救知识和技能的意义,并能分析造成意外事故的原因,总结避免意外发生的注意事项。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文,培养略读和查读等阅读能力,培养分析长难句的能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力,思维品质)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
第一组
( )1.organ ( )2.ray
( )3.radiation ( )4.acid
( )5.millimetre ( )6.fabric
( )7.bath ( )8.mosquito
( )9.carpet ( )10.ambulance
A.n.光线;光束;(热、电等)射线
B.n.辐射;放射线
C.n.毫米;千分之一米
D.n.酸 adj.酸性的;酸的
E.n.(人或动植物的)器官
F.n.蚊子
G.n.地毯
H.n.织物;布料;(社会、机构等的)结构
I.n.救护车
J.n.洗澡;浴缸;浴盆 vt.给……洗澡
答案 1~5 EABDC 6~10 HJFGI
第二组
( )1.needle ( )2.ward
( )3.ankle ( )4.steak
( )5.fist ( )6.motion
( )7.welfare ( )8.foggy
( )9.suburb ( )10.membership
A.n.牛排;肉排
B.n.针;缝衣针;注射针;指针
C.n.病房
D.n.拳;拳头
E.n.踝;踝关节
F.n.幸福;福祉;安康;福利
G.n.运动;移动
H.n.郊区;城外
I.n.会员身份;全体会员;会员人数
J.adj.有雾的
答案 1~5 BCEAD 6~10 GFJHI
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. n.技能;技术;技艺→ adj.技能的;技术的→ n.科技;技术
2. adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的→(反义词) adj.较大的;主要的;重要的
3. adj.电的;用电的;电动的→ n.电
4. adj.(身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的→ vt.(swelled, swollen)膨胀;肿胀
5. adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的→ adv.紧急地
6. v.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解n.容易;舒适;自在→ adj.容易的
7. n.流血;失血→ vi.(bled, bled)流血;失血
8. adj.切实可行的;实际的;实践的→ n.实际行动;实践
9. adv.紧紧地;牢固地;紧密地→ adj.牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的 adv.紧紧地;牢固地
10. adj.有雾的→ n.雾
答案 1.technique;technical;technology 2.minor;major 3.electric;electricity 4.swollen;swell
5.urgent;urgently 6.ease;easy 7.bleeding;bleed
8.practical;practice 9.tightly;tight 10.foggy;fog
构词规律
v.+-ing→n.
bleed v.→bleeding n.流血;失血 shop v.→shopping n.购物 swim v.→swimming n.游泳 teach v.→teaching n.教导;教学
Step 2 短语记诵
1.sense of touch
2.electric shock
3.vital sign
4.help sb to one's feet
5.face up/down
6.sleep 迟起;睡过头;睡懒觉
7.out of 健康状况不好
答案 1.触觉 2.触电;电击 3.生命体征 4.帮助某人站起身来 5.面朝上(朝下) 6.in 7.shape
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(as引导非限制性定语从句)
翻译 正如你想象的那样,烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
仿写 , he studies very hard.
众所周知,他学习很努力。
2.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.(过去分词短语作定语)
翻译 例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。
仿写 The book is taught in class.
课堂上(老师在)讲鲁迅写的书。
3.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.(if necessary的用法)
翻译 如果有必要的话,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服,除非你看到布料粘在烧伤的皮肤上。
仿写 , the airship can stay up there for days to keep out of danger.
必要时,飞船能在那里停留数天以躲避危险。
答案 1.As we all know 2.written by Lu Xun
3.If necessary
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3
1.What happened to them in the pictures
(1)Picture 1:
(2)Picture 2:
(3)Picture 3:
2.If you come across such situation, what will you do
3.What is first aid
答案
1.(1)She was choking. (2)His/Her ankle was sprained. (3)Her nose was bleeding.
2.略
3.First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Choose the best answer according to the passage on Pages 50-51.
The author writes this passage mainly to .
A.tell us how to protect ourselves from being burned
B.teach us how to do first aid
C.introduce the various degrees of burns to us
D.give us some information about first aid for burns
答案 D
Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each part according to the passage on Pages 50-51.
( )1.Part 1 (Para.1)
( )2.Part 2 (Para.2)
( )3.Part 3 (Paras.3-6)
( )4.Part 4 (Para.7)
( )5.Part 5 (Paras.8-13)
A.The three types of burns.
B.What to do if someone gets burnt.
C.The functions of the skin.
D.The symptoms of burns.
E.The causes of burns.
答案 1~5 CEADB
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 50-51 and answer the following questions.
1.Why is the skin very important to our bodies according to the passage
A.The skin can protect human against diseases and harmful things.
B.The skin can keep human warm in summer.
C.The skin can absorb water from outside.
D.Without the skin, we will have no sense.
2.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of second-degree burns
A.Extremely painful.
B.Turn white when pressed.
C.Red and swollen.
D.Watery surface.
3.Which of the following first-aid treatments is TRUE according to the passage
A.Take clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn.
B.Do not put cold water on second-degree burns.
C.If burns are on the face,make sure the victim can breathe.
D.It is not necessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once if the injuries are second-degree burns.
4.If you are burnt slightly,you can get better by .
A.cooling the burnt area with icy water
B.putting burns under cool running water immediately
C.covering the burnt area with a dry,clean bandage
D.placing the burns in some warm water
5.One who has got third-degree burns in his hand .
A.may not feel painful if nerves are damaged
B.may feel extremely painful as the burn is so terrible
C.may feel a little pain if the burn is pressed
D.may find the burn dry,red and mildly swollen
答案 1~5 ABCBA
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Take notes on what you read in the passage on Pages 50-51 by filling in the table.
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Depth only the top few 1. of the skin below 2. of the skin every layer of the skin,and sometimes 3. under it
Characteristics ●dry,red and mildly swollen ●mildly painful ●4. when pressed ●red and swollen;blisters;5. ●extremely painful ●black and white ●swollen;the tissue underneath can often be seen ●little or no pain if 6. are damaged;may be painful around the edges of the burn
Treatment Place burns under 7. .→Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.→Remove any clothes 8. if necessary.→Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.→Burns on the face: make sure the victim can still 9. .→Second or third-degree burns: there is 10. to take him/her to the hospital at once.
答案 1.millimetres 2.the top layer 3.the tissue 4.turn white 5.watery surface 6.nerves 7.cool running water 8.using scissors 9.breathe 10.an urgent need
Ⅱ.Discussion.
With the knowledge you have learnt from the passage, describe the following scenes and tell how to deal with the emergencies.
Picture A Picture B Picture C
答案
Picture A: The burn is caused by touching the pot.It belongs to the first-degree burns, because it affects only the top few millimetres of the skin.We should place burns under cool running water within the first ten minutes.Then cover the burnt area gently with a loose clean cloth.
Picture B:It belongs to the second-degree burns, which is caused by hot liquids. The burns are below the top layer of the skin.They are serious. We should dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth, and take him to the hospital at once.
Picture C: We can know someone got burnt and his/her skin became charred.It belongs to the third-degree burns.It is caused by fire.It affects every layer of the skin, including the tissue under the skin.If necessary, remove any clothes using scissors; and there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
善分析 本句是一个主从复合句,其中主句是(1) ,动词-ing形式 Applying oil to the injured areas作(2) ;as引导(3) 从句。
会翻译 (4)
答案 (1)Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea (2)主语 (3)原因状语 (4)把油涂在受伤的地方并不是个好主意,因为它会使伤口里面的热散不出去,并可能导致感染。
新知探究
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.Your skin acts as a barrier against disease,toxins,and the sun's rays.It also helps control your body temperature,prevents your body from losing too much water,warns you when things are too hot or cold(1),and gives you your sense of touch.As you can imagine(2),getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
烧 伤 急 救
皮肤是人体的重要组成部分,也是人体最大的器官。你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳光线的屏障。它还有助于控制体温,防止身体流失过多的水分,在外物过热或过冷时发出警告,以及使你有触觉。正如你想象的那样,烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步是进行急救。
【助读点拨】
(1)when引导时间状语从句。
(2)As引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面主句的内容。
CAUSES OF BURNS
You can get burnt by a variety of things:hot liquids,steam,fire,radiation,the sun,electricity,acids,or other chemicals.
TYPES OF BURNS
Burns are divided into three types,depending on the depth of skin damage(3).
●First-degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents(4).
烧伤的原因
你可能会被各种各样的东西灼伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。
烧伤的种类
根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤可分为三种类型。
●一度烧伤:这类烧伤只影响皮肤表面几毫米。这些烧伤不严重。例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。
●Second-degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
●Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin,and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,burning clothes,or petrol fires.These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once(5).
●二度烧伤:这类烧伤伤及皮肤表层以下。它们是严重的,需要几个星期才能好起来。例如由灼热的液体造成的烫伤。
●三度烧伤:这类烧伤会影响皮肤的每一层,有时还会影响到皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油火灾导致的烧伤。这些烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤,伤者必须马上去医院。
【助读点拨】
(3)动词-ing形式作方式状语。
(4)过去分词短语作后置定语。
(5)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句。
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
First-degree burns
●dry,red,and mildly swollen
●mildly painful
●turn white when pressed(6)
Second-degree burns
●red and swollen;blisters;watery surface
●extremely painful
Third-degree burns
●black and white
●swollen;the tissue underneath can often be seen
●little or no pain if nerves are damaged(7);may be painful around the edges of the burn
FIRST-AID TREATMENT
1.Place burns under cool running water,especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
2.Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary,unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.(8)
4.Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea,as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.(9)
5.If burns are on the face,make sure the victim can still breathe.
烧伤的特点
一度烧伤
●干燥、发红、微肿
●微痛
●受压时变白
二度烧伤
●发红、肿胀、起水泡、表层渗液
●极其疼痛
三度烧伤
●黑白相间
●肿胀;通常可看到皮下组织
●如神经受损,则轻微疼痛或无痛感;创面边缘可能有疼痛感
急救处理
1.把烧伤的部位放在流动的凉水下冲洗,特别是在开始的十分钟内。凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程,减少疼痛和肿胀。
2.用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤的地方。
3.如果有必要的话,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服,除非你看到布料粘在烧伤的皮肤上。
4.用一块宽松干净的布料覆盖烧伤区域。把油涂在受伤的地方并不是个好主意,因为它会使伤口里面的热散不出去,并可能导致感染。
5.如果是面部烧伤,确保伤者还能呼吸。
6.If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns,there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
6.如果伤者属于二度或三度烧伤,就需立即送他/她去医院。
【助读点拨】
(6)when pressed为时间状语从句when they are pressed的省略形式。
(7)if引导条件状语从句。
(8)unless引导条件状语从句;if necessary为if it is necessary的省略形式;using scissors为动词-ing形式作方式状语。
(9)Applying oil to the injured areas为动词-ing形式作主语;as 引导原因状语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 aid n.& vt.帮助;援助;资助
(P49)In this unit,you will read about the first aid for burns and a story about an emergency situation.
在这个单元,你将阅读关于烧伤的急救知识和一个关于紧急情况的故事。
知识拓展
aid sb in (doing)sth 帮助某人(做)某事
aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
aid sb with sth 用某物帮助某人
go/come to one's aid 去/来帮助某人
first aid (对伤患者的)急救
with the aid of 在……的帮助下
in aid of... 为帮助……
图解释义
The blind man walks with the aid of a guide dog.
那个盲人在导盲犬的帮助下步行。
aid和help的辨析:
(1)aid与help作动词或名词时,都有“帮助”之意,有时可通用。
(2)aid 是比较正式的用法,较为庄重,在日常生活中并不多用;help则含义较广,特别在日常生活中用得较多,几乎所有能用aid的地方都可以用help代替,但在表示“救护”时,只能用aid。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)When I was young, my sister often aided me (dress).
(2)I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came my aid and told me where to go.
(3)We are collecting money aid of the people who have lost their homes.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)He should be able to read this magazine .
他应当能够在不借助字典的情况下阅读这本杂志。
(5)They the poor country money.
他们用钱帮助那个贫穷的国家。
(6)His workmates the difficulty.
他的工友们帮助他克服困难。
答案 (1)to dress (2)to (3)in (4)without the aid of a dictionary (5)aided; with (6)aided him to overcome/in overcoming
知识点2 technique n.技能;技术;技艺
(P50)What first-aid techniques do you know of
你知道哪些急救技巧
知识拓展
have a technique for... 有……的技术
technique in... ……方面的技术
图解释义
The musician combines different techniques in the performance.
这位音乐家在表演中结合了不同的技巧。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)They learn basic techniques self-defence.
(2)Dick Fosbury had a new technique doing the high jump.
答案 (1)in (2)for
知识点3 injury n.(对躯体的)伤害;损伤 *injure vt.损害;伤害 *injured adj.受伤的;委屈的
(P50)As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
正如你想象的那样,烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
知识拓展
do an injury to sb= do sb an injury伤害某人
the injured 伤员(表示一类人,谓语动词常用复数形式)
badly injured 受重伤
injure one's health/reputation 损害某人的健康/名誉
经典佳句
Be careful, or you'll do an injury to yourself.
小心,否则你会伤了你自己。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)What the newspaper reported did great injury to her fame.
(2)These chemicals come from the (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·湖北鄂州月考)I heard that .
我听说她的儿子在事故中受伤了。
答案 (1)a (2)injured (3)her son was injured in the accident
知识点4 minor adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的 *minority n.[C]少数民族;少数
(P50)Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。
知识拓展
a minor matter 小事
minor party 少数党
a/the minority of 少数的
be in the/a minority 占少数
经典佳句
To make the plan carried out better, we have made some minor changes to the program.
为了更好地执行该计划,我们对其做了一些小的改动。
名师点拨
the minority单独作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)These exercises , but offer major payoffs.
这些练习需要付出很少的努力,但会带来很大的回报。
(2) ,but I actually think it is the biggest pain in my life.
这是一件小事,但我却认为这是我一生中最大的痛苦。
(3)It is reported that women are at the meeting.
据报道,参加这次会议的女性占少数。
(4)It's clear that these new laws.
很明显,只有少数人支持这些新法律。
答案 (1)require minor efforts (2)This is a minor matter (3)in the minority (4)only a minority of people support
知识点5 cover vt.覆盖;行走(路程);报道;占(一片面积);足以支付
(P51)Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.
用一块宽松干净的布料覆盖烧伤区域。
知识拓展
cover...with... 用……盖住……
be covered by/with 被/由……覆盖
cover up 遮盖;隐瞒
cover an area of... 占地面积为……
cover daily expenses 支付日常费用
cover an event 报道事件
图解释义
Around the lake lie sixteen mountains,which are covered with snow all the year round.
围绕着这个湖泊的是十六座山峰,终年积雪。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The little girl covered her face her hands to hide her shyness.
(2)When I woke up,I found the ground (cover) with snow.
(3) (cover) a total area of 8,000 square kilometers, this city has a population of about ten million.
(4)At other times you cover your “real” emotions with other emotions.
答案 (1)with (2)covered (3)Covering (4)up
知识点6 apply vt.涂;敷;应用 vi.申请;适用;使(注意力等)集中于 *applied adj.应用的;实用的 *application n.应用;适用;申请 *applicant n.申请人;应征者
(P51)Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
把油涂在受伤的地方并不是个好主意,因为它会使伤口里面的热量散不出去,并可能导致感染。
知识拓展
apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物
apply...to...把……施于……;把……运用于……
apply for 申请;要求
apply oneself to 致力于;集中精力于……
经典佳句
The applicant applied himself to applying for a post for teaching applied chemistry,saying that he would apply what he had learnt to his teaching.
这位申请人致力于申请一份教应用化学的工作,并且说他会把他所学到的(知识)运用到他的教学中去。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She applied the international school a job as an English teacher.
(2)Over the years,he has applied himself to (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers.
(3)He (apply) his brake quickly immediately he saw a dog lying on the road.
(4)However,technology is also the (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,touching our lives in countless ways.
Ⅱ.用apply的相关短语完成小短文
In order to further my study abroad, I have (5) (向四所大学申请) postgraduate study.As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way.I hope it can (6) (适用于) me.If I succeed, I will (7) (使我自己集中精力于) study, hoping to make contributions to my future career.
答案 (1)to; for (2)improving (3)applied (4)application
(5)applied to four universities for (6)apply to (7)apply myself to
知识点7 urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的 *urgently adv.紧急地;急迫地 *urgency n.紧急;紧迫性 *urge vt.催促;极力主张 n.强烈的欲望;冲动
(P51)If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者属于二度或三度烧伤,就需立即送他/她去医院。
知识拓展
urgent care/meeting/action/mission 紧急护理/会议/行动/任务
in urgent need 急需
It is urgent that...(should) do sth. 做某事是非常紧要的。
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
have an urge to do sth 有做某事的欲望/冲动
图解释义
When her daughter had a high fever, she made an urgent call to the hospital.
当女儿发高烧的时候,她给医院打了一个紧急电话。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She was surprised at the (urgent) in his voice.
(2)It is urgent that food and clothes (send) to the sufferers in the area.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)As we all know, food and water here.
众所周知,这里急需食物和水。
(4)The vacation is coming and I .
假期快到了,我有去做一份兼职的冲动。
答案 (1)urgency (2)(should) be sent (3)there's an urgent need for (4)have an urge to do a part-time job
知识点8 ease v.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n.容易;舒适;自在 *easy adj.容易的;舒适的adv.小心;慢些;轻点
(P51)Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.
在烧伤的地方涂上黄油或油会有帮助,因为它可以减轻肿胀和缓解不适。
知识拓展
ease sb of... 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
ease the tension 缓和紧张的情绪
ease one's mind 使放心
take one's ease 休息
at ease 舒适;快活;自由自在
put sb at ease 使某人感到轻松自在; 使某人安心
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去放松
with ease 容易地;毫不费劲地
for ease of 以便
图解释义
When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease.
当你感到紧张时,你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松一下。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)Now he can set his mind because he has passed the examination .
现在他可以放心了,因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。
(2)I don't in this strange place.
在这个陌生的地方,我觉得很不自在。
(3)This medicine will .
这种药会缓解你的痛苦。
答案 (1)at ease;with ease (2)feel at ease (3)ease you of your pain
短 语 句 式
知识点9 sense of touch触觉
(P50)It also helps control your body temperature,prevents your body from losing too much water,warns you when things are too hot or cold,and gives you your sense of touch.
它还有助于控制体温,防止身体流失过多的水分,在外物过热或过冷时发出警告,以及使你有触觉。
知识拓展
sense of responsibility/duty 责任感;责任心
sense of humor 幽默感;幽默
sense of belonging 归属感
sense of smell 嗅觉
sense of taste 味觉
sense of beauty 美感;审美感
sense of direction 方向感
图解释义
Newly developed robots have a sense of touch and are able to see and make decisions, too.
新开发的机器人有触觉,可以看见物体,也能做决定。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)A good chef must have
.
好的厨师必须有好的味觉。
(2)He had and soon got lost.
他方向感很差,一会儿就迷路了。
(3)He is distinguished for
.
他以其幽默感著称。
答案 (1)a good sense of taste (2)a poor sense of direction
(3)his sense of humor
知识点10 a variety of 各种各样的
(P50)You can get burnt by a variety of things...
你可能会被各种各样的东西灼伤……
知识拓展
vary in 在……方面不同;在……方面有差异
vary with 随……而变化
vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
in various ways通过各种方式
经典佳句
There are a variety of reasons that affect cotton's growth.
影响棉花生长的原因多种多样。
名师点拨
a variety of 后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;the variety of 后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Opinions on this matter vary person person.
(2)The variety of his books (be) astonishing.
(3)A variety of books (be) on the desk.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)These suggestions which were put forward in the meeting .
会议上提出的这些建议在影响力和重要性上都存在着差异。
(5)Rapid population growth affects the society .
人口的快速增长以各种方式影响社会。
答案 (1)from;to (2)is (3)are (4)vary in influence and importance (5)in various ways
知识点11 depend on依赖;依靠
(P50)Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤可分为三种类型。
知识拓展
depend on/upon sb to do... 依靠某人做……
depend on/upon it that... 指望……;相信……
It (all) depends./That depends. 视情况而定。
图解释义
In addition to enough sleep, good health also depends on both a balanced diet and proper exercise.
除了充足的睡眠,良好的健康状况还依赖于均衡的饮食和适当的运动。
名师点拨
rely on、 depend on/upon、 see to 等词后接that 从句作宾语时,必须先用 it 作形式宾语。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)In most cases,they tend to meet a few hours every week (depend)on their schedules.
(2)I know we can depend on her (deal) with the tough situation.
(3)You can depend on that he'll turn up on time. He always keeps his promise.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)You can depend on him to help you.(it作形式宾语)
答案 (1)depending (2)to deal (3)it (4)You can depend on it that he will help you.
知识点12 make sure确信;证实
(P51)If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
如果是面部烧伤,确保伤者还能呼吸。
知识拓展
make sure of... 弄清楚;查明
make sure that... 确信;务必
be sure of/about/that... 有把握;确信
be sure to do sth 一定会做某事
for sure 确定地;无疑地
图解释义
To make sure your appliance is off,remove the plug from its power supply.
为了确保你的家用电器已关闭,请把电源插头拔掉。
名师点拨
make sure后一般不接不定式。另外,以上结构中的sure一般都可以与certain互换,需要注意的是,可以用It is certain that...,不可以用It is sure that...。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)If you are not sure the answer, you'd better turn to your teacher for help.
(2)You are sure (succeed) if you go on working hard. I believe in you!
(3)The meeting will be held in September,but nobody knows the date sure.
(4)You'd better make sure the exact time of the arriving plane so that we can go to meet you at the airport.
答案 (1)of/about (2)to succeed (3)for (4)of
知识点13 as引导非限制性定语从句
(P50)As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
正如你想象的那样,烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
知识拓展
句中的as you can imagine为as引导的非限制性定语从句, as意为“正如”,指代的是逗号后整个句子的内容。
as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词是整个主句,as在从句中作主语或宾语,从句可以放在主句前、主句后或插入主句中间。
常见的as引导的非限制性定语从句的固定表达有as we all know、 as everyone knows、 as is known to all、 as is well-known、 as I can remember、 as we expect、 as was expected、 as often happens、 as we all can see、 as can be seen、 as has been said before等。
She is late, as is often the case.
她迟到了,这是经常的事。
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.
正如你们多数人所做的那样,对事实视而不见是愚蠢的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.翻译句子
(1)他慢慢地、谨慎地下定了决心,这是他的天性。
(2)正如他习惯的那样,他早晨七点钟去上班。
Ⅱ.一句多译
众所周知,莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。
(3)As , Shakespeare is a famous writer.
(4)Shakespeare is a famous writer, to all.
答案 (1)Slowly and carefully he made up his mind, as was his nature. (2)As is a habit of him, he goes to work at 7 o'clock in the morning. (3)everyone knows/we all know (4)as is known
知识点14 if necessary
(P51)Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如果有必要的话,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服,除非你看到布料粘在烧伤的皮肤上。
知识拓展
句中if necessary为if it is necessary的省略结构。 当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be可以省略。与if necessary类似的结构还有:
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 假如这样的话
if not 假如不是这样的话;不然的话;否则
if ever 即使有
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
You can make some changes if (it is) necessary.
如果有必要的话,你可以做一些改动。
Being kind to others should be everyone's principle of life. If (it is) so, our world will be more peaceful and beautiful.
对他人友善应该是每个人的生活准则。如果这样的话,我们的世界将会更加和平美丽。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)I might see you tomorrow. ,then it'll be Saturday.
我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就是周六。
(2) ,I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能的话,我希望明年夏天去那里。
(3)They think she may try to phone. ,someone must stay here.
他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话,就得有人守在这儿。
答案 (1)If not (2)If possible (3)If so
知识点15 there is a(n)... need to do sth
(P51)If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者属于二度或三度烧伤,就需立即送他/她去医院。
知识拓展
句中含有there is an urgent need to do sth的句式结构,意为“非常有必要做某事”。
常见的there be结构如下:
There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事
There is no denying that... 不可否认……
There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
There is no problem to do sth 做某事没问题
常见的与there be 结构类似的有:
There happen(s) to be ... 碰巧有……
There seem(s) to be ... 好像有……
There may/must be ... 可能/肯定有……
融会应用
单句写作
(1) this project by tomorrow.
这个项目急需在明天之前完成!
(2)I have been attaching great importance to spoken English, so fluently.
我一直非常重视英语口语,所以对我来说流利地说英语是没有问题的。
(3) fewer tourists around this year.
今年来访的游客似乎少了。
答案 (1)There is an urgent need to finish (2)there is no problem for me to speak English (3)There seems to be
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The employee won't stand (treat) like that by his new boss. He'll leave the factory.
2.These men made themselves famous for their courage and (brave).
3.They have earned lots of money, so I (firm) believe that the business is a success.
4.It is vital that these application forms (send) back as early as possible.
5. the aid of our teacher,we finished the experiment successfully.
6.If you apply yourself the job, you'll soon finish it.
7.As the hillside was (cover) with snow, we had to walk up carefully.
8.The quiet decor of her home made her feel comfortable and ease.
答案 1.being treated 2.bravery 3.firmly
4.(should) be sent 5.With 6.to 7.covered 8.at
Ⅱ.选词填空
sense of touch;have a technique for;at a loose end;an urgent problem;if necessary;depend on; make sure; a variety of
1.I could come earlier tomorrow, .
2.Adolescents are most likely to get into trouble when they're .
3.He improving the speed of the train.
4.The evidence suggests that our is programmed to diminish with age.
5.How to improve the students' Chinese writing abilities remains to solve for the inland minority national middle schools.
6.We evaluated different approaches to this challenge.
7.We think it necessary to of your sale capacity.
8.The isolation period will vary, medical test results.
答案 1.if necessary 2.at a loose end 3.has a technique for 4.sense of touch 5.an urgent problem 6.a variety of 7.make sure 8.depending on
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——查找段落主题句并高度概括
1.Part 1(Para.1):
高度概括:
2.Part 2(Para.2):
高度概括:
3.Part 3(Paras.3-6):
高度概括:
4.Part 4(Para.7):
高度概括:
5.Part 5(Paras.8-13):
高度概括:
答案
1.The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.
The skin is an essential organ.
2.You can get burnt by a variety of things:hot liquids,steam,fire,radiation,the sun,electricity,acids,or other chemicals.
Many things can make you get burnt.
3.Burns are divided into three types,depending on the depth of skin damage.
Burns are divided into three types.
4.CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
Different types of burns have different characteristics.
5.FIRST-AID TREATMENT
Giving proper first aid is very important and necessary.
【衔接高考】
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)It was a hummingbird(蜂鸟), desperately trying to escape. She (cover) in spider-webs(蛛网) and was barely able to move her wings.
2.(2023·浙江1月)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending the age group.
3.(2022·北京)It's an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills (solve) problems.
4.(2021·全国乙) (make) sure that the tourism
provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
5.(2021·北京)There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, (cause)largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
6.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)Working from an inspirational picture,this workshop at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach you the (technique) you will need to recreate your picture in wool.
答案 1.was covered 2.on 3.to solve 4.Make 5.caused 6.techniques