人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking 学案 （含答案）
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Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者屠呦呦的生平和她发现青蒿素的主要研究过程,分析和探讨屠呦呦获奖的原因,理解我国传统中医药对人类健康和世界发展的贡献。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文,掌握新闻报道类语篇的标题特征、结构特征和语言特点。(语言能力)
3.通过分析课文细节,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
4.通过对教材课文的阅读,在文章的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
( )1.academic ( )2.distinct
( )3.patent ( )4.apparently
( )5.crucial ( )6.substance
( )7.circumstance ( )8.objective
( )9.property ( )10.device
A.adj.easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc.
B.adj.connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities
C.adv.clearly
D.adj.extremely important, because it will affect other things
E.n.an official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention
F.n.something that you are trying to achieve
G.n.a type of solid, liquid or gas that has particular qualities
H.n.situation
I.n.a piece of equipment intended for a particular purpose
J.n.a quality or characteristic that something has
答案 1~5 BAECD 6~10 GHFJI
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. vt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→ n.承诺;投入;承担义务;献身
2.n.(艺术、文学、科学等的) 研究院;学会;专科院校 →adj.学业的;学术的
3.vt.分析 →n.分析
4.adv.显而易见;看来; 显然→adj.显而易见的
5.adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→n.科学→n.科学家
6.n.小说家 →n.(长篇)小说
7.n.相对论;相对性 → adj.相对的
答案 1.commit;committed;commitment 2.academy;academic 3.analyse;analysis 4.apparently;apparent 5.scientific;science;scientist 6.novelist;novel 7.relativity;relative
构词规律
n.+-ist→n. adj.+-ty →n.
novel→novelist 小说家 science→scientist 科学家 physic→physicist 物理学家 relative→relativity 相对性;相对论 certain→certainty 当然 special→specialty 专业;特点
Step 2 短语记诵
1.commit to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2.insist 坚决要求
3.sum 总结;概括
4.come to power
5.wear and tear
6.take up a position
7.flow chart
答案 1.oneself 2.on/upon 3.up 4.(开始)掌权;上台 5.(正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗 6.担任;任职 7.流程图
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.(whose引导非限制性定语从句)
翻译 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究使青蒿素这种治疗疟疾的关键新药得以发现。
仿写 Mrs Gray, , is trying to get a job.
格雷太太正试图找一份工作。她的孩子们都在上大学。
2.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.(动词-ing形式作方式状语)
翻译 她通过使用较低的温度提炼提取物,发现了一种有效的物质。
仿写 ,the clever boy worked out the math problem.
这个聪明的男孩使用另一种方式解答了这个数学难题。
答案 1.whose children are in college 2.Using another way
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
1.Can you name a Chinese doctor who used herbs (草药) as anesthesia (麻醉) for treatment in ancient times
答案 Hua Tuo.
2.Can you name a modern scientist who uses artemisinin as a new treatment for malaria
答案 Tu Youyou.
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 2-3 for the main idea.
1.What's the main idea of the passage
A.The importance of artemisinin.
B.Introduction about Tu Youyou's research team.
C.Behind Tu Youyou's Nobel Prize and the value of her discovery.
D.Tu Youyou's personal life.
答案 C
2.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
( )(1)Para.1 ( )(2)Para.2
( )(3)Para.3 ( )(4)Para.4
A.Tu Youyou's evaluation of the award.
B.Tu Youyou won Nobel Prize.
C.The introduction of Tu Youyou and her team.
D.How artemisinin was discovered.
答案 (1)~(4) BCDA
3.Skim the passage on Pages 2-3 and fill in the blanks.
答案 (1)awarded (2)discovery (3)committed (4)to fight (5)defeat (6)analysed
导学思路
描述性单词主要是指形容人或物的名词、形容词或副词。本文中的描述性单词主要有discovery、 crucial、 vital、 committed、 apparently、 standard、 team effort、 honour等。
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 2-3 and answer the following questions.
1.Why is the discovery of artemisinin important
A.Artemisinin can treat all diseases.
B.Artemisinin can treat a fever.
C.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for people.
D.Artemisinin stands for Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
2.Which of the following is not included in the passage
A.Tu Youyou's family life.
B.What Tu Youyou was awarded.
C.Why artemisinin is an important discovery.
D.Tu Youyou's road to discovering artemisinin.
3.What was the key to getting a good extract from the wormwood
A.Using a higher temperature.
B.Using a lower temperature.
C.Boiling the wormwood.
D.Putting the wormwood into powder.
4.Where is the passage probably chosen from
A.A hospital registration.
B.A report of great people.
C.A speech for Nobel Prize.
D.A book about medicine.
答案 1~4 CABB
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 2-3.
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
1930 Tu Youyou was 1. in Ningbo, China.
1955 She 2. Peking University Medical School.
1967 Tu Youyou was among 3. chosen to discover a new treatment for malaria.
1969 She became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided 4. ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical 5. for the disease.
1971 Her team finally succeeded in finding 6. that worked by using a lower temperature to 7. the extract.This medicine, which 8. artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
2015 The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 9. to Tu Youyou because artemisinin that she found has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to 10. for millions of people.
答案 1.born 2.graduated from 3.the first researchers 4.to review 5.treatments 6.a substance
7.draw out 8.was called 9.has been awarded 10.improved health
Ⅱ.Discussion
1.Why could Tu Youyou achieve great success
答案 略
2.What are the benefits of combining Chinese and Western medicine
答案 略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
善分析 本句是由and连接的(1) 句,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists是前面的简单句,with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria作定语,修饰a team of scientists; Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen是后面的简单句,过去分词chosen作(2) ,表示被动,修饰名词短语the first researchers。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)并列 (2)定语 (3)1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
新知探究
屠呦呦,女,1930年12月30日出生于浙江宁波,药学家,中国中医科学院终身研究员兼首席研究员,青蒿素研究开发中心主任。她多年从事中药和西药结合研究,突出贡献是创制新型抗疟药——青蒿素和双氢青蒿素。如今,青蒿素成为世界卫生组织推荐的一线抗疟药,挽救了全球数百万人的生命!
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria(1). Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖
2015年10月6日
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究使青蒿素这种治疗疟疾的关键新药得以发现。青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命,改善了数百万人的身体状况。全世界每年有2亿多人感染疟疾,约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,据说仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。
【助读点拨】
(1)whose引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Tu Youyou,其中名词短语a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin的同位语。
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common(2), to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease(3). Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria(4).
屠呦呦,一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,于1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,于1955年毕业于北京大学医学部。毕业后,她在北京的中国中医科学院工作。1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。一开始,屠呦呦为了研究疟疾患者的情况去了疟疾更为普遍的海南。1969年,她成为北京项目的负责人,并决定查阅中国古代医学文献,以寻找传统的植物疗法来治疗这种疾病。她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献,并评估了280 000种植物的药用性能。通过他们的研究,他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代医方,这些医方有望抗击疟疾。
【助读点拨】
(2)where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Hainan。
(3)此处为不定式短语作目的状语。
(4)that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词ancient Chinese medical treatments,在从句中作主语。
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this(5) to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood(6). She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked(7). After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered(8). This medicine, which was called artemisinin(9), soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
一本四世纪的医学文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿,但没有发现效果。然后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,并使用从中获得的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而,屠呦呦并不认输。她又分析了一遍医学文献,偶然发现了一句话,这句话建议用一种不同的方法来处理青蒿。她得出结论:煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。她通过使用较低的温度提炼提取物,发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了190多次之后,这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试这种药物,以确保它的安全性。后来,这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,大部分患者都康复了。这种被称为“青蒿素”的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。
【助读点拨】
(5)此处为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词liquid。
(6)此处为动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰名词sentence。
(7)that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词substance,在从句中作主语。
(8)most of whom引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词malaria patients。
(9)which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词medicine。
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”(10)
屠呦呦说,青蒿素的发现是团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队,还有我国的全体人民。这一成功证明了传统中医药的巨大价值。中国的科研和中医药走向世界,这确实是一种荣誉。”
【助读点拨】
(10)It为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的to be spread around the world。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的 *vitally adv.极其;绝对
(P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,据说仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。
知识拓展
be vital to/for 对……至关重要
It is vital that...(should) do... 重要的是……
熟词生义
vital adj.充满生机的;热情洋溢的
His vital and cheerful manner filled the whole team with courage.
他那充满生机、热情洋溢的态度使整个队伍充满了勇气。
名师点拨
在句型“It is vital that... (should) do sth.”中,that引导的从句常常使用虚拟语气,should可以省略。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Perseverance is vital success.
(2)It's vital that we (be) present.
(3)Getting your students involved in classroom activities is (vital) important.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(4)It is vital to protect wild animals in modern society.
→It to protect wild animals in modern society.(be+of+抽象名词)
答案 (1)to/for (2)(should) be (3)vitally (4) is of vital importance
知识点2 committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 *commit vt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等);犯(罪) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) *commitment n.保证;承诺;献身;投入
(P2)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China...
屠呦呦是一位坚定而有耐心的科学家。她出生于中国宁波……
知识拓展
be committed to sth 献身于……;致力于……
commit oneself to do/doing sth 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
经典佳句
To our delight, millions of committed volunteers have arrived to complete the task.
令我们高兴的是,数以百万计的尽心尽力的志愿者已经到达来完成这项任务。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I think I would rather not commit myself to (go) with you.
(2)We made a (commit) to keep working together.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(3)As he is committed to the happiness of the people of the whole nation, he has earned our love and respect.
→ (过去分词短语作原因状语)
答案 (1)going (2)commitment (3)Committed to the happiness of the people of the whole nation, he has earned our love and respect.
知识点3 evaluate vt.评估;评价 *evaluation n.估计;评价
(P2)Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献,并评估了280 000种植物的药用性能。
知识拓展
evaluate sb on/by 根据……评价某人
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
经典佳句
Do you want to evaluate your intelligence Just complete the evaluation from below, please.
你想评估你的智力吗 请完成下面的评估。
融会应用
用evaluate的适当形式填空
(1)Having collected and the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
(2)The students have to rewrite their papers and submit them for final .
(3)First, you need yourself, your
values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements and your desires.
答案 (1)evaluated (2)evaluation (3)to evaluate
知识点4 distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的 *distinctive adj.与众不同的;有特色的 *distinction n.差别;区别;优秀;卓越
(P2)From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
通过他们的研究,他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代医方,这些医方有望抗击疟疾。
知识拓展
be distinct from ... 与……不同
make/draw a distinction between...and...区别……和……
without distinction 同等对待;一视同仁
经典佳句
His voice was low, but every word was distinct.
他说话声音不大,但字字清晰。
融会应用
选词填空(distinct/distinctive/distinction)
(1)The between them is not so ,for they are twins.
(2)The cheongsam(旗袍) is a female dress with Chinese features that enjoys growing popularity in the international world of high fashion.
答案 (1)distinction; distinct (2)distinctive
知识点5 obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
(P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
然后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,并使用从中获得的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不起作用。
知识拓展
obtain employment 就业
obtain information 获得信息
obtain evidence 取证
熟词生义
obtain vi.存在(相当于exist)
These conditions no longer obtain in the countryside.
这些情况在农村已经不存在了。
obtain、 gain、 get、 achieve和attain的用法区别:
(1)obtain多指凭努力得到急需或很想得到的东西。
Many people eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first obtained the driver's license.
许多人最初拿到驾照时都急切地一次开上几个小时的车。
(2)gain多指付出极大努力后获得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西。
They gained the victory after a bloody battle.
浴血奋战后他们赢得了胜利。
(3)get用途最广,可指以各种方式获得各种东西。
Where can I get enough information
我能从哪儿得到足够的信息
(4)achieve多指克服困难后取得胜利、成功,强调“得到”这一结果。
He achieved his ambition in the end.
他最终实现了他的抱负。
(5)attain为正式用词,多用于庄重场合,主要指通过努力达到重要目的或得到珍贵的东西。
The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.
那位科学家因一项新发现而获得很高的声誉。
融会应用
用obtain的适当形式填空
(1)First editions of these books are now almost impossible .
(2)In the third experiment they a very clear result.
(3)The journalist immediately set out these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.
答案 (1)to obtain (2)obtained (3)to obtain
知识点6 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢 *acknowledgement n.承认;感谢 *unacknowledged adj.未得到公开(或正式)承认的;非正式的
(P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
知识拓展
acknowledge... as/to be... 承认……是……
acknowledge + n./pron./that-clause 承认……
acknowledge + doing/having done sth 承认做(了)某事
It is acknowledged that... 人们普遍认为……
图解释义
Tim acknowledged breaking the glass.
蒂姆承认自己打碎了杯子。
融会应用
句型转换
(1)He acknowledged it to be true.
→He acknowledged .
(2)People generally acknowledged her as the finest poet in the country.
→ the finest poet in the country.
答案 (1)that it was true (2)It was generally acknowledged that she was/She was generally acknowledged to be/ as
知识点7 defeat n.失败;挫败 *vt.击败;战胜
(P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
知识拓展
suffer defeat 遭受失败
acknowledge/admit defeat承认失败
经典佳句
Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
知己知彼,百战不殆。
defeat、beat和win的用法区别:
defeat 击败(强调过程和结果) 宾语是对手
beat 打败;(连续)击打 宾语是对手
win 赢得;获胜 宾语是比赛或奖品等
融会应用
选词填空(defeat/beat/win)
(1)Yesterday I John at chess.He only one set, while I two sets.
(2)She tried hard the other runners, hoping to the gold medal.
答案 (1)defeated/beat; won; won (2)to defeat/beat; win
知识点8 insist vi.&vt.坚持;坚决要求;坚持说
(P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试这种药物,以确保它的安全性。
知识拓展
insist on/upon (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事
经典佳句
You should respect the views of others while at the same time insisting on what you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点, 同时坚持你认为正确的东西。
名师点拨
insist通常和介词on/upon连用,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。
insist that的用法:
(1)表示“坚持说/认为……”时,从句内容表示一个事实, 从句谓语按实际需要选择时态;
(2)表示“坚决要求……”时,从句用虚拟语气, 即“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The doctor insisted that the patient (be) seriously ill and that he (operate) on immediately.
(2)She insisted leaving because it was so late.
(3)She insisted that she (be) ignorant of such things.
答案 (1)was;(should) be operated (2)on/upon (3)was
短 语 句 式
知识点9 动词-ing形式作方式状语
(P3)Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
她通过使用较低的温度提炼提取物,发现了一种有效的物质。
知识拓展
句中Using a lower temperature为动词-ing形式作方式状语。除此之外,动词-ing形式还可作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、结果状语等。
1.动词-ing形式作时间状语时,常放在句首,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Hearing the noise, I turned round.=When I heard the noise, I turned round.
当我听到响声时,我转过身去。
2.动词-ing形式作原因状语时,相当于一个原因状语从句,也可以放在句首。
Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.=Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.
由于贫穷,他买不起一台电视机。
3.动词-ing形式作条件状语时,相当于一个由if引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard, you'll certainly succeed.=If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed.
只要努力学习,你肯定会成功。
4.动词-ing形式作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.
大火持续了一整夜,造成了巨大的损失。
5.动词-ing形式作让步或伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。动词-ing形式作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.=Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
(2)Nervously (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
(3) (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
(4)More highways have been built in China, (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
(5) (not complete) the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
(6) (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.
答案 (1)listening (2)facing (3)Gathering
(4)making (5)Not having completed (6)Judging
知识点10 upon+doing
(P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine...”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
知识拓展
句中Upon hearing为“介词upon+动词-ing”构成的介词短语,用作时间状语。
upon还可转换为介词on, 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体, 依据语境, upon/on可译为“当……时; 一……就……”。
Upon/On realizing the importance of environmental protection, our government takes effective measures to manage it.
一意识到环境保护的重要性, 我们的政府就采取了有效的治理措施。
Upon/On their return to the country, the girls of the volleyball team received praise and flowers.
女排姑娘们一回国, 就收到了赞誉和鲜花。
Upon/On finishing reading it, Li Hua was struck by the feeling that A Dream of Red Mansions was the best work he had ever read.
李华一读完《红楼梦》, 就感到这是他读过的最好的作品。
名师点拨
表示“一……就……”的句型:
(1)As soon as/Once/When+从句+主句;
(2)The moment/instant/second/minute+从句+主句;
(3)Instantly/Immediately/Directly+从句+主句;
(4)On/Upon+动词-ing形式/名词+主句;
(5)No sooner had+主语+过去分词+than+从句(谓语动词用一般过去时);
(6)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely+had+主语+过去分词+when/before+从句(谓语动词用一般过去时);
(7)At the sight/thought/mention of+名词+主句。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)I will go there (direct) I have finished my breakfast.
(2) moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.
(3) soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
(4)Upon (arrive) at the office, our English teacher began to get down to his work.
答案 (1)directly (2)The (3)As (4)arriving/arrival
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Developing the ability (evaluate) reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
2.People (obtain) codes and gained access to bicycles through bike-sharing system.
3.He finally acknowledged (make) a mistake.
4.The instruction manual completely (defeat) me.
5. (apparent) satisfied that we caused no further threat,the bear moved off,destroying a fence as it went.
6.I (encounter)many hikers who were headed to a distant camp ground with just enough time to get there before dark.
答案 1.to evaluate 2.obtained 3.having made 4.defeated 5.Apparently 6.encountered
Ⅱ.选词填空
acknowledge as; object to;draw a conclusion; distinct from; die from
1.The mass wouldn't this new policy for they can benefit from it.
2.Over the years I've that she's a very great musician.
3.Only if you make efforts to fulfill the task can you be excellent.
4.Jamaican reggae music is quite North American jazz or blues.
5.The number of people who alcohol has decreased a lot recently.
答案 1.object to 2.drawn a conclusion 3.acknowledged as 4.distinct from 5.died from
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.They all (坚决主张) financial guarantees by company.
2.The government's present course will only (导致) disaster.
3.We (得出结论) that the room must be empty.
4.Surely nobody would (建议驱赶) him out of the house.
5.The famous scientist has (做出伟大的发现) in agricultural field.
6. (这是事实) for me to have to accept her.
7. (普遍认为) that he was innocent.
8.He (冒着生命危险) to save a drowning girl in the lake.
9.You must (承诺去完成) the task on time.
答案 1.insisted on/upon 2.lead to 3.drew a conclusion 4.suggest driving 5.made great discoveries 6.It's a fact 7.It was generally/widely acknowledged 8.risked his life 9.commit yourself to finish
Ⅳ.读后续写微技能——人物心理活动
1.阅读文中含有表示人物心理活动的语句
(1)In 1969...and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
(2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
(3)She analysed the medical texts again...
(4)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
2.判断下列语句中哪个是表示人物心理活动的
A.Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930.
B.After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.
C.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
D.This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.
答案 C
【衔接高考】
单句填空
1.(2022·北京)Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results, but (conclude)that “we'll never produce results that we can't envision”.
2.(2021·天津第一次)Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires (commit)to a particular occupation, branch of study or research.
3.(2021·全国甲)When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were (acknowledge) and rejected by others.
4.(2021·山东第一次)At the end of each seven-week session, your language skills (evaluate). And if you've made enough progress, you're promoted to the next level.
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)David insisted on (run) as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within a few kilometers.
6.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Refused as I was, I still (obtain) some great encouragement, which gave me confidence to be a writer.
答案 1.concluded 2.commitment 3.unacknowledged 4.are evaluated 5.running 6.obtained
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者屠呦呦的生平和她发现青蒿素的主要研究过程,分析和探讨屠呦呦获奖的原因,理解我国传统中医药对人类健康和世界发展的贡献。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文,掌握新闻报道类语篇的标题特征、结构特征和语言特点。(语言能力)
3.通过分析课文细节,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
4.通过对教材课文的阅读,在文章的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
( )1.academic ( )2.distinct
( )3.patent ( )4.apparently
( )5.crucial ( )6.substance
( )7.circumstance ( )8.objective
( )9.property ( )10.device
A.adj.easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc.
B.adj.connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities
C.adv.clearly
D.adj.extremely important, because it will affect other things
E.n.an official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention
F.n.something that you are trying to achieve
G.n.a type of solid, liquid or gas that has particular qualities
H.n.situation
I.n.a piece of equipment intended for a particular purpose
J.n.a quality or characteristic that something has
答案 1~5 BAECD 6~10 GHFJI
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. vt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→ n.承诺;投入;承担义务;献身
2.n.(艺术、文学、科学等的) 研究院;学会;专科院校 →adj.学业的;学术的
3.vt.分析 →n.分析
4.adv.显而易见;看来; 显然→adj.显而易见的
5.adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→n.科学→n.科学家
6.n.小说家 →n.(长篇)小说
7.n.相对论;相对性 → adj.相对的
答案 1.commit;committed;commitment 2.academy;academic 3.analyse;analysis 4.apparently;apparent 5.scientific;science;scientist 6.novelist;novel 7.relativity;relative
构词规律
n.+-ist→n. adj.+-ty →n.
novel→novelist 小说家 science→scientist 科学家 physic→physicist 物理学家 relative→relativity 相对性;相对论 certain→certainty 当然 special→specialty 专业;特点
Step 2 短语记诵
1.commit to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2.insist 坚决要求
3.sum 总结;概括
4.come to power
5.wear and tear
6.take up a position
7.flow chart
答案 1.oneself 2.on/upon 3.up 4.(开始)掌权;上台 5.(正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗 6.担任;任职 7.流程图
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.(whose引导非限制性定语从句)
翻译 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究使青蒿素这种治疗疟疾的关键新药得以发现。
仿写 Mrs Gray, , is trying to get a job.
格雷太太正试图找一份工作。她的孩子们都在上大学。
2.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.(动词-ing形式作方式状语)
翻译 她通过使用较低的温度提炼提取物,发现了一种有效的物质。
仿写 ,the clever boy worked out the math problem.
这个聪明的男孩使用另一种方式解答了这个数学难题。
答案 1.whose children are in college 2.Using another way
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
1.Can you name a Chinese doctor who used herbs (草药) as anesthesia (麻醉) for treatment in ancient times
答案 Hua Tuo.
2.Can you name a modern scientist who uses artemisinin as a new treatment for malaria
答案 Tu Youyou.
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 2-3 for the main idea.
1.What's the main idea of the passage
A.The importance of artemisinin.
B.Introduction about Tu Youyou's research team.
C.Behind Tu Youyou's Nobel Prize and the value of her discovery.
D.Tu Youyou's personal life.
答案 C
2.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
( )(1)Para.1 ( )(2)Para.2
( )(3)Para.3 ( )(4)Para.4
A.Tu Youyou's evaluation of the award.
B.Tu Youyou won Nobel Prize.
C.The introduction of Tu Youyou and her team.
D.How artemisinin was discovered.
答案 (1)~(4) BCDA
3.Skim the passage on Pages 2-3 and fill in the blanks.
答案 (1)awarded (2)discovery (3)committed (4)to fight (5)defeat (6)analysed
导学思路
描述性单词主要是指形容人或物的名词、形容词或副词。本文中的描述性单词主要有discovery、 crucial、 vital、 committed、 apparently、 standard、 team effort、 honour等。
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 2-3 and answer the following questions.
1.Why is the discovery of artemisinin important
A.Artemisinin can treat all diseases.
B.Artemisinin can treat a fever.
C.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for people.
D.Artemisinin stands for Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
2.Which of the following is not included in the passage
A.Tu Youyou's family life.
B.What Tu Youyou was awarded.
C.Why artemisinin is an important discovery.
D.Tu Youyou's road to discovering artemisinin.
3.What was the key to getting a good extract from the wormwood
A.Using a higher temperature.
B.Using a lower temperature.
C.Boiling the wormwood.
D.Putting the wormwood into powder.
4.Where is the passage probably chosen from
A.A hospital registration.
B.A report of great people.
C.A speech for Nobel Prize.
D.A book about medicine.
答案 1~4 CABB
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 2-3.
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
1930 Tu Youyou was 1. in Ningbo, China.
1955 She 2. Peking University Medical School.
1967 Tu Youyou was among 3. chosen to discover a new treatment for malaria.
1969 She became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided 4. ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical 5. for the disease.
1971 Her team finally succeeded in finding 6. that worked by using a lower temperature to 7. the extract.This medicine, which 8. artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
2015 The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 9. to Tu Youyou because artemisinin that she found has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to 10. for millions of people.
答案 1.born 2.graduated from 3.the first researchers 4.to review 5.treatments 6.a substance
7.draw out 8.was called 9.has been awarded 10.improved health
Ⅱ.Discussion
1.Why could Tu Youyou achieve great success
答案 略
2.What are the benefits of combining Chinese and Western medicine
答案 略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
善分析 本句是由and连接的(1) 句,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists是前面的简单句,with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria作定语,修饰a team of scientists; Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen是后面的简单句,过去分词chosen作(2) ,表示被动,修饰名词短语the first researchers。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)并列 (2)定语 (3)1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
新知探究
屠呦呦,女,1930年12月30日出生于浙江宁波,药学家,中国中医科学院终身研究员兼首席研究员,青蒿素研究开发中心主任。她多年从事中药和西药结合研究,突出贡献是创制新型抗疟药——青蒿素和双氢青蒿素。如今,青蒿素成为世界卫生组织推荐的一线抗疟药,挽救了全球数百万人的生命!
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria(1). Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖
2015年10月6日
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究使青蒿素这种治疗疟疾的关键新药得以发现。青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命,改善了数百万人的身体状况。全世界每年有2亿多人感染疟疾,约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,据说仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。
【助读点拨】
(1)whose引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Tu Youyou,其中名词短语a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin的同位语。
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common(2), to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease(3). Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria(4).
屠呦呦,一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,于1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,于1955年毕业于北京大学医学部。毕业后,她在北京的中国中医科学院工作。1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。一开始,屠呦呦为了研究疟疾患者的情况去了疟疾更为普遍的海南。1969年,她成为北京项目的负责人,并决定查阅中国古代医学文献,以寻找传统的植物疗法来治疗这种疾病。她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献,并评估了280 000种植物的药用性能。通过他们的研究,他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代医方,这些医方有望抗击疟疾。
【助读点拨】
(2)where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Hainan。
(3)此处为不定式短语作目的状语。
(4)that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词ancient Chinese medical treatments,在从句中作主语。
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this(5) to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood(6). She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked(7). After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered(8). This medicine, which was called artemisinin(9), soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
一本四世纪的医学文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿,但没有发现效果。然后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,并使用从中获得的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而,屠呦呦并不认输。她又分析了一遍医学文献,偶然发现了一句话,这句话建议用一种不同的方法来处理青蒿。她得出结论:煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。她通过使用较低的温度提炼提取物,发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了190多次之后,这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试这种药物,以确保它的安全性。后来,这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,大部分患者都康复了。这种被称为“青蒿素”的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。
【助读点拨】
(5)此处为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词liquid。
(6)此处为动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰名词sentence。
(7)that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词substance,在从句中作主语。
(8)most of whom引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词malaria patients。
(9)which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词medicine。
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”(10)
屠呦呦说,青蒿素的发现是团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队,还有我国的全体人民。这一成功证明了传统中医药的巨大价值。中国的科研和中医药走向世界,这确实是一种荣誉。”
【助读点拨】
(10)It为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的to be spread around the world。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的 *vitally adv.极其;绝对
(P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,据说仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。
知识拓展
be vital to/for 对……至关重要
It is vital that...(should) do... 重要的是……
熟词生义
vital adj.充满生机的;热情洋溢的
His vital and cheerful manner filled the whole team with courage.
他那充满生机、热情洋溢的态度使整个队伍充满了勇气。
名师点拨
在句型“It is vital that... (should) do sth.”中,that引导的从句常常使用虚拟语气,should可以省略。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Perseverance is vital success.
(2)It's vital that we (be) present.
(3)Getting your students involved in classroom activities is (vital) important.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(4)It is vital to protect wild animals in modern society.
→It to protect wild animals in modern society.(be+of+抽象名词)
答案 (1)to/for (2)(should) be (3)vitally (4) is of vital importance
知识点2 committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 *commit vt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等);犯(罪) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) *commitment n.保证;承诺;献身;投入
(P2)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China...
屠呦呦是一位坚定而有耐心的科学家。她出生于中国宁波……
知识拓展
be committed to sth 献身于……;致力于……
commit oneself to do/doing sth 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
经典佳句
To our delight, millions of committed volunteers have arrived to complete the task.
令我们高兴的是,数以百万计的尽心尽力的志愿者已经到达来完成这项任务。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I think I would rather not commit myself to (go) with you.
(2)We made a (commit) to keep working together.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(3)As he is committed to the happiness of the people of the whole nation, he has earned our love and respect.
→ (过去分词短语作原因状语)
答案 (1)going (2)commitment (3)Committed to the happiness of the people of the whole nation, he has earned our love and respect.
知识点3 evaluate vt.评估;评价 *evaluation n.估计;评价
(P2)Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献,并评估了280 000种植物的药用性能。
知识拓展
evaluate sb on/by 根据……评价某人
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
经典佳句
Do you want to evaluate your intelligence Just complete the evaluation from below, please.
你想评估你的智力吗 请完成下面的评估。
融会应用
用evaluate的适当形式填空
(1)Having collected and the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
(2)The students have to rewrite their papers and submit them for final .
(3)First, you need yourself, your
values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements and your desires.
答案 (1)evaluated (2)evaluation (3)to evaluate
知识点4 distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的 *distinctive adj.与众不同的;有特色的 *distinction n.差别;区别;优秀;卓越
(P2)From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
通过他们的研究,他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代医方,这些医方有望抗击疟疾。
知识拓展
be distinct from ... 与……不同
make/draw a distinction between...and...区别……和……
without distinction 同等对待;一视同仁
经典佳句
His voice was low, but every word was distinct.
他说话声音不大,但字字清晰。
融会应用
选词填空(distinct/distinctive/distinction)
(1)The between them is not so ,for they are twins.
(2)The cheongsam(旗袍) is a female dress with Chinese features that enjoys growing popularity in the international world of high fashion.
答案 (1)distinction; distinct (2)distinctive
知识点5 obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
(P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
然后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,并使用从中获得的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不起作用。
知识拓展
obtain employment 就业
obtain information 获得信息
obtain evidence 取证
熟词生义
obtain vi.存在(相当于exist)
These conditions no longer obtain in the countryside.
这些情况在农村已经不存在了。
obtain、 gain、 get、 achieve和attain的用法区别:
(1)obtain多指凭努力得到急需或很想得到的东西。
Many people eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first obtained the driver's license.
许多人最初拿到驾照时都急切地一次开上几个小时的车。
(2)gain多指付出极大努力后获得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西。
They gained the victory after a bloody battle.
浴血奋战后他们赢得了胜利。
(3)get用途最广,可指以各种方式获得各种东西。
Where can I get enough information
我能从哪儿得到足够的信息
(4)achieve多指克服困难后取得胜利、成功,强调“得到”这一结果。
He achieved his ambition in the end.
他最终实现了他的抱负。
(5)attain为正式用词,多用于庄重场合,主要指通过努力达到重要目的或得到珍贵的东西。
The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.
那位科学家因一项新发现而获得很高的声誉。
融会应用
用obtain的适当形式填空
(1)First editions of these books are now almost impossible .
(2)In the third experiment they a very clear result.
(3)The journalist immediately set out these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.
答案 (1)to obtain (2)obtained (3)to obtain
知识点6 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢 *acknowledgement n.承认;感谢 *unacknowledged adj.未得到公开(或正式)承认的;非正式的
(P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
知识拓展
acknowledge... as/to be... 承认……是……
acknowledge + n./pron./that-clause 承认……
acknowledge + doing/having done sth 承认做(了)某事
It is acknowledged that... 人们普遍认为……
图解释义
Tim acknowledged breaking the glass.
蒂姆承认自己打碎了杯子。
融会应用
句型转换
(1)He acknowledged it to be true.
→He acknowledged .
(2)People generally acknowledged her as the finest poet in the country.
→ the finest poet in the country.
答案 (1)that it was true (2)It was generally acknowledged that she was/She was generally acknowledged to be/ as
知识点7 defeat n.失败;挫败 *vt.击败;战胜
(P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
知识拓展
suffer defeat 遭受失败
acknowledge/admit defeat承认失败
经典佳句
Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
知己知彼,百战不殆。
defeat、beat和win的用法区别:
defeat 击败(强调过程和结果) 宾语是对手
beat 打败;(连续)击打 宾语是对手
win 赢得;获胜 宾语是比赛或奖品等
融会应用
选词填空(defeat/beat/win)
(1)Yesterday I John at chess.He only one set, while I two sets.
(2)She tried hard the other runners, hoping to the gold medal.
答案 (1)defeated/beat; won; won (2)to defeat/beat; win
知识点8 insist vi.&vt.坚持;坚决要求;坚持说
(P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试这种药物,以确保它的安全性。
知识拓展
insist on/upon (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事
经典佳句
You should respect the views of others while at the same time insisting on what you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点, 同时坚持你认为正确的东西。
名师点拨
insist通常和介词on/upon连用,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。
insist that的用法:
(1)表示“坚持说/认为……”时,从句内容表示一个事实, 从句谓语按实际需要选择时态;
(2)表示“坚决要求……”时,从句用虚拟语气, 即“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The doctor insisted that the patient (be) seriously ill and that he (operate) on immediately.
(2)She insisted leaving because it was so late.
(3)She insisted that she (be) ignorant of such things.
答案 (1)was;(should) be operated (2)on/upon (3)was
短 语 句 式
知识点9 动词-ing形式作方式状语
(P3)Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
她通过使用较低的温度提炼提取物,发现了一种有效的物质。
知识拓展
句中Using a lower temperature为动词-ing形式作方式状语。除此之外,动词-ing形式还可作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、结果状语等。
1.动词-ing形式作时间状语时,常放在句首,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Hearing the noise, I turned round.=When I heard the noise, I turned round.
当我听到响声时,我转过身去。
2.动词-ing形式作原因状语时,相当于一个原因状语从句,也可以放在句首。
Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.=Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.
由于贫穷,他买不起一台电视机。
3.动词-ing形式作条件状语时,相当于一个由if引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard, you'll certainly succeed.=If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed.
只要努力学习,你肯定会成功。
4.动词-ing形式作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.
大火持续了一整夜,造成了巨大的损失。
5.动词-ing形式作让步或伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。动词-ing形式作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.=Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
(2)Nervously (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
(3) (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
(4)More highways have been built in China, (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
(5) (not complete) the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
(6) (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.
答案 (1)listening (2)facing (3)Gathering
(4)making (5)Not having completed (6)Judging
知识点10 upon+doing
(P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine...”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
知识拓展
句中Upon hearing为“介词upon+动词-ing”构成的介词短语,用作时间状语。
upon还可转换为介词on, 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体, 依据语境, upon/on可译为“当……时; 一……就……”。
Upon/On realizing the importance of environmental protection, our government takes effective measures to manage it.
一意识到环境保护的重要性, 我们的政府就采取了有效的治理措施。
Upon/On their return to the country, the girls of the volleyball team received praise and flowers.
女排姑娘们一回国, 就收到了赞誉和鲜花。
Upon/On finishing reading it, Li Hua was struck by the feeling that A Dream of Red Mansions was the best work he had ever read.
李华一读完《红楼梦》, 就感到这是他读过的最好的作品。
名师点拨
表示“一……就……”的句型:
(1)As soon as/Once/When+从句+主句;
(2)The moment/instant/second/minute+从句+主句;
(3)Instantly/Immediately/Directly+从句+主句;
(4)On/Upon+动词-ing形式/名词+主句;
(5)No sooner had+主语+过去分词+than+从句(谓语动词用一般过去时);
(6)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely+had+主语+过去分词+when/before+从句(谓语动词用一般过去时);
(7)At the sight/thought/mention of+名词+主句。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)I will go there (direct) I have finished my breakfast.
(2) moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.
(3) soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
(4)Upon (arrive) at the office, our English teacher began to get down to his work.
答案 (1)directly (2)The (3)As (4)arriving/arrival
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Developing the ability (evaluate) reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
2.People (obtain) codes and gained access to bicycles through bike-sharing system.
3.He finally acknowledged (make) a mistake.
4.The instruction manual completely (defeat) me.
5. (apparent) satisfied that we caused no further threat,the bear moved off,destroying a fence as it went.
6.I (encounter)many hikers who were headed to a distant camp ground with just enough time to get there before dark.
答案 1.to evaluate 2.obtained 3.having made 4.defeated 5.Apparently 6.encountered
Ⅱ.选词填空
acknowledge as; object to;draw a conclusion; distinct from; die from
1.The mass wouldn't this new policy for they can benefit from it.
2.Over the years I've that she's a very great musician.
3.Only if you make efforts to fulfill the task can you be excellent.
4.Jamaican reggae music is quite North American jazz or blues.
5.The number of people who alcohol has decreased a lot recently.
答案 1.object to 2.drawn a conclusion 3.acknowledged as 4.distinct from 5.died from
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.They all (坚决主张) financial guarantees by company.
2.The government's present course will only (导致) disaster.
3.We (得出结论) that the room must be empty.
4.Surely nobody would (建议驱赶) him out of the house.
5.The famous scientist has (做出伟大的发现) in agricultural field.
6. (这是事实) for me to have to accept her.
7. (普遍认为) that he was innocent.
8.He (冒着生命危险) to save a drowning girl in the lake.
9.You must (承诺去完成) the task on time.
答案 1.insisted on/upon 2.lead to 3.drew a conclusion 4.suggest driving 5.made great discoveries 6.It's a fact 7.It was generally/widely acknowledged 8.risked his life 9.commit yourself to finish
Ⅳ.读后续写微技能——人物心理活动
1.阅读文中含有表示人物心理活动的语句
(1)In 1969...and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
(2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
(3)She analysed the medical texts again...
(4)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
2.判断下列语句中哪个是表示人物心理活动的
A.Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930.
B.After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.
C.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
D.This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.
答案 C
【衔接高考】
单句填空
1.(2022·北京)Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results, but (conclude)that “we'll never produce results that we can't envision”.
2.(2021·天津第一次)Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires (commit)to a particular occupation, branch of study or research.
3.(2021·全国甲)When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were (acknowledge) and rejected by others.
4.(2021·山东第一次)At the end of each seven-week session, your language skills (evaluate). And if you've made enough progress, you're promoted to the next level.
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)David insisted on (run) as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within a few kilometers.
6.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Refused as I was, I still (obtain) some great encouragement, which gave me confidence to be a writer.
答案 1.concluded 2.commitment 3.unacknowledged 4.are evaluated 5.running 6.obtained