人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning About Language 学案（含答案）
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Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.能够在语篇中正确理解和使用由关系代词which、who、whom、whose和关系副词when、where引导的非限制性定语从句。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固和内化非限制性定语从句,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 flee vi.& vt.(fled, fled)迅速离开;逃跑
(P5)Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany.
在那之后,爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国。
知识拓展
flee from... 逃离……
flee to...逃到……
经典佳句
When he descended and realized what had happened, he became so embarrassed that he fled to his mother's house and hid.
当他下来并意识到发生了什么事时,他觉得很尴尬,以致逃到他母亲的家中藏了起来。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She burst into tears and (flee).
(2)He fled another city after an argument with his family.
Ⅱ.词汇升级
(3)As a young child, Wolfgang Peter May ran away from his home in Germany during the World War Ⅱ.
→As a young child, Wolfgang Peter May his home in Germany during the World War Ⅱ.
答案 (1)fled (2)to (3)fled from
知识点2 circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
(P5)There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.
我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。
知识拓展
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此
in/under no circumstances 决不;无论如何都不
经典佳句
He was forced by circumstances to do this.
他做这件事是为环境所迫。
名师点拨
in/under no circumstances、at no time、in no way、in no sense、on no account、on no condition均意为“决不;无论如何也不”,置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语序。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1) the circumstances, we must rely on ourselves.
(2)Under no circumstances you lend him any money.
Ⅱ.句型转换
(3)You must leave your position under no circumstances.
→Under no circumstances .
答案 (1)In/Under (2)should (3)must you leave your position
知识点3 construction n.建造;建筑;建筑物 *construct vt.建筑;建造;创建;组成*constructive adj.建设性的;有助益的;积极的 *constructor n.建造商;制造者
(P5)The building under construction was designed by I.M.Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect.
正在建设中的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。
知识拓展
(be) under construction 正在建设中;在施工中
be constructed of/from... 由……建成/构成
经典佳句
Subways are under construction or to be constructed in many cities to deal with traffic jam.
许多城市正在修建或打算修建地铁以解决交通拥堵问题。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The novel is constructed a series of on-the-spot reports.
(2)Sometimes devices fail because a good design (construct) with low quality materials incompetently applied.
(3)It's dangerous to get close to the building construction.
答案 (1)of/from (2)is constructed (3)under
语法探究
非限制性定语从句
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.
2.Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
3.Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
4.This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
5.I was asked to explain the project with the help of
a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.
我的发现
(1)以上句子是 从句,从句与主句之间用 隔开。
(2)非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中(如句 和句 ),前后用逗号隔开,也可以置于主句之后(如句 、句 和句 )。
(3)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词(如句 ),也可以是前面的整个句子(如句 )。
答案 (1)非限制性定语;逗号 (2)2;4;1;3;5 (3)1、2、3、4; 5
探究点1 定语从句的种类
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度,我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整。限制性定语从句和先行词之间的关系十分密切,两者之间不用逗号分开;关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which、as;关系副词有where、when、why。
This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.
这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。
I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.
我会带你去超市,在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。
2.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外,其他都可以。
He is English, which I know from his accent.
他是英国人,那是我通过他的口音知道的。
This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.
这是我们的校长,我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
探究点2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.形式不同
限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号,而非限制性定语从句和主句之间必须用逗号隔开。
Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.(限制性定语从句)
这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。
This city will build another super large international airport, which will cost up to 35 billion yuan.(非限制性定语从句)
这个城市又将新建一座大的国际机场,这个机场将耗资多达350亿元。
2.先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.(限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
这是我曾经读过的最好的小说。
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
我昨天晚上读的那本小说非常有意思。
The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.(非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容)
这本小说很有意思,这让我很兴奋。
3.关系词的使用情况不同
(1)that、why不可以引导非限制性定语从句
指物时要用which代替that; 用for which代替why。
Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him.
大多数人没有投票支持他,这使他失望。
I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.
我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。
(2)关系代词替代情况不同
①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替,但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
②在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可以用that引导,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,关系代词只能用who或whom。
This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.(限制性定语从句)
这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.(非限制性定语从句)
这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下好印象。
She has a handsome father, who is an English teacher.(非限制性定语从句)
她有一位帅气的父亲,他是一名英语老师。
(3)关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略,而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.(限制性定语从句)
这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。
The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near.(非限制性定语从句)
我们正盼望的暑假就要来了。
探究点3 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句,又可以是主句的一部分。
2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可位于先行词之前、之中或之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which引导从句时常译为“这;那”。常用句型有as we all know、as is known to all、as everybody can see、as is expected等。
As we all know, she is an excellent snowboarder.
众所周知,她是一位优秀的滑雪运动员。
He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
他的实验失败了,这是没有预料到的。
He is a cheat, as everyone can see.
每个人都看得出来,他是个骗子。
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1.In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme,one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
2.My eldest son, work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.
3.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
5.Opposite is St. Paul's Church, you can hear some lovely music.
6.It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done with its winding streets and pretty cottages 100 years ago.
7.The number of smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
8.He wrote many children's books,nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
答案 1.whose 2.whose 3.who 4.when
5.where 6.which 7.as 8.which
Ⅱ.语法填空
The film Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story,1. is popular with the public and 2. hero and heroine are Jack and Rose. Rose, 3. is a young beautiful woman,went to America with her mother. Jack, 4. won a ship ticket by playing cards, is a poor painter. They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 5. they had a happy time. Sadly, the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg, and Jack lost his life for saving Rose.Before Jack left Rose forever, he encouraged Rose to live well for him. 6. is known to all, love is the strongest strength. And that's the reason 7. Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story.
答案 1.which 2.whose 3.who 4.who 5.where 6.As 7.why
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.能够在语篇中正确理解和使用由关系代词which、who、whom、whose和关系副词when、where引导的非限制性定语从句。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固和内化非限制性定语从句,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 flee vi.& vt.(fled, fled)迅速离开;逃跑
(P5)Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany.
在那之后,爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国。
知识拓展
flee from... 逃离……
flee to...逃到……
经典佳句
When he descended and realized what had happened, he became so embarrassed that he fled to his mother's house and hid.
当他下来并意识到发生了什么事时,他觉得很尴尬,以致逃到他母亲的家中藏了起来。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She burst into tears and (flee).
(2)He fled another city after an argument with his family.
Ⅱ.词汇升级
(3)As a young child, Wolfgang Peter May ran away from his home in Germany during the World War Ⅱ.
→As a young child, Wolfgang Peter May his home in Germany during the World War Ⅱ.
答案 (1)fled (2)to (3)fled from
知识点2 circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
(P5)There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.
我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。
知识拓展
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此
in/under no circumstances 决不;无论如何都不
经典佳句
He was forced by circumstances to do this.
他做这件事是为环境所迫。
名师点拨
in/under no circumstances、at no time、in no way、in no sense、on no account、on no condition均意为“决不;无论如何也不”,置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语序。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1) the circumstances, we must rely on ourselves.
(2)Under no circumstances you lend him any money.
Ⅱ.句型转换
(3)You must leave your position under no circumstances.
→Under no circumstances .
答案 (1)In/Under (2)should (3)must you leave your position
知识点3 construction n.建造;建筑;建筑物 *construct vt.建筑;建造;创建;组成*constructive adj.建设性的;有助益的;积极的 *constructor n.建造商;制造者
(P5)The building under construction was designed by I.M.Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect.
正在建设中的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。
知识拓展
(be) under construction 正在建设中;在施工中
be constructed of/from... 由……建成/构成
经典佳句
Subways are under construction or to be constructed in many cities to deal with traffic jam.
许多城市正在修建或打算修建地铁以解决交通拥堵问题。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The novel is constructed a series of on-the-spot reports.
(2)Sometimes devices fail because a good design (construct) with low quality materials incompetently applied.
(3)It's dangerous to get close to the building construction.
答案 (1)of/from (2)is constructed (3)under
语法探究
非限制性定语从句
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.
2.Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
3.Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
4.This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
5.I was asked to explain the project with the help of
a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.
我的发现
(1)以上句子是 从句,从句与主句之间用 隔开。
(2)非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之中(如句 和句 ),前后用逗号隔开,也可以置于主句之后(如句 、句 和句 )。
(3)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词(如句 ),也可以是前面的整个句子(如句 )。
答案 (1)非限制性定语;逗号 (2)2;4;1;3;5 (3)1、2、3、4; 5
探究点1 定语从句的种类
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度,我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整。限制性定语从句和先行词之间的关系十分密切,两者之间不用逗号分开;关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which、as;关系副词有where、when、why。
This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.
这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。
I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.
我会带你去超市,在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。
2.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外,其他都可以。
He is English, which I know from his accent.
他是英国人,那是我通过他的口音知道的。
This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.
这是我们的校长,我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
探究点2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.形式不同
限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号,而非限制性定语从句和主句之间必须用逗号隔开。
Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.(限制性定语从句)
这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。
This city will build another super large international airport, which will cost up to 35 billion yuan.(非限制性定语从句)
这个城市又将新建一座大的国际机场,这个机场将耗资多达350亿元。
2.先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.(限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
这是我曾经读过的最好的小说。
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
我昨天晚上读的那本小说非常有意思。
The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.(非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容)
这本小说很有意思,这让我很兴奋。
3.关系词的使用情况不同
(1)that、why不可以引导非限制性定语从句
指物时要用which代替that; 用for which代替why。
Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him.
大多数人没有投票支持他,这使他失望。
I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.
我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。
(2)关系代词替代情况不同
①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替,但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
②在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可以用that引导,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,关系代词只能用who或whom。
This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.(限制性定语从句)
这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.(非限制性定语从句)
这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下好印象。
She has a handsome father, who is an English teacher.(非限制性定语从句)
她有一位帅气的父亲,他是一名英语老师。
(3)关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略,而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.(限制性定语从句)
这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。
The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near.(非限制性定语从句)
我们正盼望的暑假就要来了。
探究点3 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句,又可以是主句的一部分。
2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可位于先行词之前、之中或之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which引导从句时常译为“这;那”。常用句型有as we all know、as is known to all、as everybody can see、as is expected等。
As we all know, she is an excellent snowboarder.
众所周知,她是一位优秀的滑雪运动员。
He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
他的实验失败了,这是没有预料到的。
He is a cheat, as everyone can see.
每个人都看得出来,他是个骗子。
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1.In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme,one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
2.My eldest son, work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.
3.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
5.Opposite is St. Paul's Church, you can hear some lovely music.
6.It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done with its winding streets and pretty cottages 100 years ago.
7.The number of smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
8.He wrote many children's books,nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
答案 1.whose 2.whose 3.who 4.when
5.where 6.which 7.as 8.which
Ⅱ.语法填空
The film Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story,1. is popular with the public and 2. hero and heroine are Jack and Rose. Rose, 3. is a young beautiful woman,went to America with her mother. Jack, 4. won a ship ticket by playing cards, is a poor painter. They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 5. they had a happy time. Sadly, the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg, and Jack lost his life for saving Rose.Before Jack left Rose forever, he encouraged Rose to live well for him. 6. is known to all, love is the strongest strength. And that's the reason 7. Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story.
答案 1.which 2.whose 3.who 4.who 5.where 6.As 7.why