人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Body Language Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking 学案（含答案）
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Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.阅读和理解描述常见肢体语言的语篇,理解描述这些行为特征的语言特点,掌握描述肢体语言的基本方法。(语言能力)
2.了解中外肢体语言的差异与融通,形成恰当的跨文化交际意识,正确使用肢体语言进行得体的交流。(文化意识)
3.理解语篇成分之间的语义逻辑关系,如次序关系、因果关系、概括与例证关系等。(语言能力)
4.听懂并理解讨论肢体语言的应用场景及其相关对话。(语言能力)
5.通过分析课文细节,培养分析长难句的能力。(语言能力)
6.通过对课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中推测词性,猜测词义,并了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
( )1.gesture ( )2.identical
( )3.cheek ( )4.waist
( )5.barrier ( )6.fake
( )7.inference ( )8.internal
( )9.twin ( )10.trial
A.adj.similar in every detail
B.n.movement of the body or hands to show what one feels or thinks
C.n.a bar or gate that stops people or vehicles from entering a place
D.n.either side of the face below the eyes
E.n.part of the body between the ribs(肋骨) and the hips(臀部)
F.adj.not genuine; appearing to be sth it is not
G.adj.connected with the inside of sth
H.n.the act or process of forming conclusions, based on what you already know
I.n.a formal examination of evidence in court by a judge and often a jury
J.n.one of two children born at the same time from the same mother
答案 1~5 BADEC 6~10 FHGJI
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. n.交流;互相影响→ v.相互作用;互相影响;交流;沟通
2. vi.改变;(使)不同→ n.种类;多样性→ adj.各种各样的→ adj.多变的;不相同的
3. v.赞成;通过;批准→ n.赞许;赞成
4. vt.雇用;使用→ n.雇主;雇用者→ n.受雇者;雇工;雇员;从业员工→ n.雇用;受雇;职业;工作
5. v.把……理解为;口译→ n.演绎的人;口译译员→ n.解释;说明;口译;理解
6. vi.不同于;相异→ adj.不同的→ n.不同;区别
7. n.恩惠;帮助;赞同 vt.较喜爱;有利于→ adj.最喜爱的
8. n.怒气;怒火vt.激怒;使发怒→ adj.生气的;愤怒的;发怒的→ adv.愤怒地;生气地
9. adj.可靠的;可信赖的;真实可信的→ n.可靠性;可信度→ v.依靠;依赖
10. adv.略微;稍微→ adj.轻微的;细小的
11. vt.评定;判断;评估→ n.评价;看法;评估
12. vt.使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清→ n.澄清;净化;说明
13. vt.教育→ n.教育→ n.教育者
14. adj.光秃秃的;赤裸的→ adv.仅仅;勉强才能;几乎不
15. vt.占领;使用→ n.职业;工作
16. vt.分散(注意力);使分心→ n.娱乐;分散注意力的事→ adj.分散注意力的
17. n.焦虑;不安→ adj.焦虑的;不安的;渴望的→ adv.焦虑地;不安地;渴望地
18. adj.难堪的;尴尬的→ n.困境;困窘;难堪→ v.使困窘;使局促不安→ adj.令人为难的
19. adv.仅仅;只不过;只是→ adj.仅仅;只不过;轻微的
20. vt.& vi.打听;询问→ n.调查;审查;询问;质问
21. adv.最后;最终→ adj.最后的;终极的
22. v.调整;适应→ n.调整;调节→ adj.可调节的
23. vi.(对……)起反应;回应→ n.反应
答案 1.interaction;interact 2.vary;variety;various;varied 3.approve;approval 4.employ;employer;employee;employment 5.interpret;interpreter;interpretation 6.differ;different;difference
7.favour;favourite 8.anger;angry;angrily 9.reliable;reliability;rely 10.slightly;slight 11.assess;assessment 12.clarify;clarification 13.educate;education;educator 14.bare;barely 15.occupy;occupation 16.distract;distraction;distractive 17.anxiety;anxious;anxiously 18.embarrassed;embarrassment;embarrass;embarrassing 19.merely;mere 20.inquire;inquiry 21.ultimately;ultimate 22.adjust;adjustment;adjustable 23.react;reaction
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 相比之下
2. (与……)相比较
3. 推理;推断
4. 消除;分解;打破
5. 直起来;整理;收拾整齐
6. 换句话说;也就是说
7. (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;号召;把……叫作
8. 好像;仿佛
9.at work
10.vary from...to...
11.look into
12.get through
13.more than
14.look up
答案 1.by contrast 2.by comparison 3.make inferences 4.break down 5.straighten up 6.in other words 7.call on 8.as though 9.起作用;在工作 10.从……到……不等;在……到……之间变化 11.调查;审查 12.通过;(工作)完成;(测验)合格;接通电话 13.不止;不仅仅是;比……多;非常 14.仰望;查阅;尊敬
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.(by doing结构)
翻译 通过观察人们的肢体语言,我们可以在相当程度上了解他们在想什么。
仿写 Being a clown doctor means I can help people .
做一个小丑医生意味着我可以通过让人们变得开心来帮助他们。
2.In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.(状语从句的省略)
翻译 在日本,当你和年长的人说话时,低头可能显示出对长辈的尊重。
仿写 Now read how she felt since July 1942.
现在,来看看她自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后是何种心情吧。
3.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany,as it is not considered polite.(as引导原因状语从句)
翻译 然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免这样做,因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
仿写 Enjoy the first hour of the day.This is important for the rest of the day.
好好享受每天的第一个小时。这很重要,因为它决定你一整天的心情。
答案 1.by entertaining them 2.after being in the hiding place 3.as it determines the mood
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.What kind of feeling does each of the following facial expressions convey
1. 2.
3. 4.
答案 1.Sadness 2.Fright 3.Surprise 4.Curiosity
Ⅱ.What is the meaning of each gesture
1. 2.
3. 4.
答案 1.Well done 2.OK 3.Keep quiet 4.Stop
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 38-39 and find out the main idea.
1.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.Communication.
B.Spoken language.
C.Body language.
D.Different cultures.
答案 C
2.Match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 38-39.
( )(1)Para.1 ( )(2)Para.2
( )(3)Paras.3-4 ( )(4)Para.5
( )(5)Para.6
A.The same gesture may have different meanings in different countries.
B.Some body language such as smiling has many different uses.
C.Body language varies from culture to culture.
D.Both words and body language are of importance in interactions with others.
E.Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.
答案 (1)~(5) DCAEB
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 38-39 carefully and choose the correct answers.
1.Why do we use both words and body language
A.To show how clever we are.
B.To show that we have learned a lot.
C.To express our thoughts and opinions.
D.To tell others we have a gift for performance.
2.It may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person in .
A.China
B.Japan
C.European countries
D.Middle Eastern countries
3.What do we disagree according to Paragraph 3
A.The gesture for “OK” means toilet in Brazil.
B.The gesture for “OK” means zero in France.
C.The gesture for “OK” means money in Japan.
D.The gesture for “OK” means impoliteness(无礼) in Germany.
4.What can we know from Paragraph 4
A.In Bulgaria shaking one's head means “no”.
B.Nodding means “yes” in southern Albania.
C.In France people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.
D.In Russia people prefer shaking hands when they meet.
答案 1~4 CBAC
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 38-39.
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
The general introduction Both words and body language are used to 1. thoughts and opinions.We can learn a lot about others' thoughts by watching 2..
The body language in different cultures Body language 3. from culture to culture.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is 4.to the culture you are in.
The gesture for “OK” It has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan, it means 5..In France, it means zero.However, it is not considered 6.in Brazil and Germany.
The gestures for “yes” and “no” In general, shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”.But in Bulgaria and southern Albania, they have the 7..
The gestures with the same meaning Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”.Moving your hand 8.over your stomach after a meal means “I am full”.
The body language with different uses A smile can help us 9.difficult situations, find friends in a world of strangers, and 10.barriers.We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.
答案 1.express 2.their body language 3.varies 4.appropriate 5.money 6.polite 7.opposite meaning
8.in circles 9.get through 10.break down
Ⅱ.Discussion.
1.Which is a more reliable guide for understanding people's feelings, their body language or the words they speak Why
答案 Their body language is much more reliable than the words they speak, because body language has trouble in hiding their anger, disappointment or irritation.
2.How do people better read body language in different cultures and countries What advice on body language can you give
答案 略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
善分析 本句是一个由(1)连接的并列句。but后面的分句中the way后跟了一个(2)从句。当the way 作先行词时,从句用(3)来引导,也可以省略引导词。
会翻译 (4)
答案 (1)but (2)定语 (3)that/in which
(4)话语很重要,但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的方式也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
2.And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
善分析 本句是一个复合句。if引导了(1)
,主句中比较级better前的nothing为否定含义的词,所以此处表达(2)的含义。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)条件状语从句 (2)最高级 (3)如果我们感到沮丧或孤单,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
新知探究
相同手势,不同含义
肢体语言指用身体的各种动作代替语言以达到表情达意的沟通目的。同一肢体语言在不同的国家有不同的含义。
1.伸出食指和中指做 V 字状手势。“V”是英文 victory 和法语 victoire (胜利)的第一个字母,故在英国、法国、捷克等国这个手势含有“胜利”之意。但在塞尔维亚语中这一手势代表“英雄气概”,在荷兰语中则代表“自由”。
2.食指弯曲。这个手势在中国表示“9”;在日本表示小偷,特别是那些专门在商店里偷窃的人及其偷窃行为;在泰国、新加坡、马来西亚表示死亡。
3.伸出中指。这个手势在法国、新加坡表示“被激怒”和“极度不愉快”;在墨西哥表示“不满”;在澳大利亚、突尼斯表示“侮辱”;在法国还表示“下流行为”。
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands(1) can also give us information about their feelings.
倾听身体的诉说
在与他人的互动中,我们用言语和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。通过观察人们的肢体语言,我们可以在相当程度上了解他们在想什么。话语很重要,但是人们站着、双手抱臂、移动双手的方式也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
【助读点拨】
(1)the way为先行词,后面是省略了that的定语从句。
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in(2). For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
就像口头语言一样,肢体语言也因文化而异。最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。例如,在一些国家,进行眼神交流时,直视某人的眼睛是表现出兴趣的一种方式。相反,在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如,在许多中东国家,社会不允许男女进行眼神交流。在日本,当你和年长的人说话时,低头可能显示出对长辈的尊重。
【助读点拨】
(2)that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a way;you are in是省略了that的定语从句,修饰先行词the culture。
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture(3) might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本,看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。在法国,看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免这样做,因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
【助读点拨】
(3)who引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词someone。
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part(4). In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
甚至我们用作“是”和“不是”的手势也因地而异。在许多国家,摇头表示“不是”,点头表示“是”。相比之下,在保加利亚和南阿尔巴尼亚,这些手势的含义正好相反。我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分别时的行为也存在差异。在法国和俄罗斯等国家,人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。在其他地方,人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
【助读点拨】
(4)and连接三个how引导的宾语从句;we are talking to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句,修饰先行词someone;when we meet or part为时间状语从句。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes(5) means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。双手合拢放在头的一侧,同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。表示“我饱了”的一个好方法是饭后用手在肚子上转几圈。
【助读点拨】
(5)and连接两个动名词短语一起作主语;while closing your eyes为时间状语从句的省略形式。
Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
某些肢体语言有许多不同的用途。也许最好的例子就是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关,在一群陌生人中找到朋友。一个微笑可以打破壁垒。我们可以用微笑来道歉,问候别人,请求帮助,或者开始一段对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑,让自己更快乐、更坚强。如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变;(使)不同 *variety n.种类;多样性;变化
*various adj.各种各样的
(P38)Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口头语言一样,肢体语言也因文化而异。
知识拓展
vary from ...to... 由……到……不等
vary with 随……变化
vary in 在……方面变化
a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的
经典佳句
With the development of economy,there are varieties of goods in stores,varying from daily groceries to luxury goods,which greatly enriches people's life. In addition,the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.
随着经济的发展,商店里的商品种类繁多,从日用品到奢侈品应有尽有,极大地丰富了人们的生活。此外,货物的品种和数量随季节而变化。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Opinions on this matter vary person person.
(2)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger are (vary).
(3)Most of us,in fact,progressively narrow the (various) of our lives.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(4)Our school has built a new stadium.It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities.
→Our school has built a new stadium, well-equipped facilities.(升级加黑词;使用定语从句)
答案 (1)from;to (2)various (3)variety
(4)which has various/ varieties of/a variety of
知识点2 appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的 *appropriately adv.适当地;合适地
(P38)The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。
知识拓展
be appropriate to/for适用于;合乎
be appropriate to do sth做某事是合适的
经典佳句
It is not appropriate that a student should litter and scribble around.
对于学生来说,到处乱丢垃圾以及乱写乱画是不恰当的。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)It is not appropriate (ask) such personal questions in an interview.
(2)It's necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act (appropriate) towards other people.
答案 (1)to ask (2)appropriately
知识点3 approve vi.赞成;同意vt.批准;通过 *approval n.赞成;同意;批准;认可
(P38)In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反,在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。
知识拓展
approve of 赞成;同意
approve of sb/sb's doing sth 同意某人做某事
give one's approval to 批准某人……
经典佳句
I would appreciate it if you could approve my application and inform me of the interview.
如果你批准我的申请并通知我面试,我将十分感激。
名师点拨
“赞成/同意某人做某事”不可用approve sb to do sth,应该用approve of sb/one's doing sth,其中介词of后是动词-ing形式的复合结构。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)I quite approve your plan.
(2)The chairman instantly (approve) the proposal after he saw it.
(3)Does what I have done meet with your (approve)
答案 (1)of (2)approved (3)approval
知识点4 witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证n.目击者;证人
(P38)In Japan,someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
在日本,看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。
知识拓展
witness sb doing sth 目击(看见)某人做某事
a witness to... ……的证人/证据
bear/give witness to 为……作证;证明……
(a) witness for 作证;为……辩护
图解释义
融会应用
单句填空
(1)He witness the man (enter) the room.
(2)His good health is a witness the success of the treatment.
答案 (1)entering (2)to
知识点5 employ vt.使用;应用;雇用 *employment n.雇用 *employer n.雇主
*employee n.雇员;雇工
(P38) In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
在日本,看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。
知识拓展
employ sb as ...雇用某人作为……
employ sb to do sth雇用某人做某事
employ sth to do sth利用某物做某事
employ oneself in ...(= be employed in ...)
从事……;忙于……
经典佳句
Different artists employ different painting techniques.
不同的画家使用不同的绘画技巧。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Many local people are employed guides in the tourism industry.
(2)A number of people have been employed (deal) with the work.
(3)The woman biologist has employed (her) in protecting the endangered animals recently.
答案 (1)as (2)to deal (3)herself
知识点6 differ vi.不同于;相异 *different adj.不同的 *difference n.不同;差别
(P38)Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
甚至我们用作“是”和“不是”的手势也因地而异。
知识拓展
differ from ... 与……不同/有区别
differ in ... 在……方面不同
differ with sb on/about/over sth 与某人在某事上持不同看法/意见等
be different from ... 与……不同
make a difference (to...) (对……)有作用或影响
经典佳句
Learners with different cultural backgrounds differ a lot in their thinking patterns and learning styles.These differences can be investigated and explained.
不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这些差异可以被研究和解释。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Worried about my health, I tried many (differ) kinds of diets but none worked.
(2)There're many (differ) between British English and American English.
(3)English differs greatly French in pronunciation.
答案 (1)different (2)differences (3)from
知识点7 favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于n.帮助;恩惠;赞同 *favourable adj.赞同的;有利的 *favoured adj.受到宠爱的;得到偏爱的 *favourite adj.特别喜欢的n.特别喜欢的人/物
(P38)Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
在其他地方,人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
知识拓展
ask a favour of sb 求人帮一个忙
do a favour for sb=do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
return the favour 报答
in favour of 赞成;主张
in one's favour 对某人有利
经典佳句
To win the pupils' respect, a teacher should not favour any of his pupils.
要想赢得学生的尊重,教师不应该偏袒任何学生。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The exchange rate is at the moment.
目前汇率对我们有利。
(2)Most of them were my opinion while David was against it.
他们中大多数人支持我的看法,然而大卫却反对。
(3) and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone,will you
劳驾,我在打电话时把收音机的声音调小点好吗
答案 (1)in our favour (2)in favour of
(3)Do me a favour
知识点8 reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的 *rely v.依靠;依赖 *reliably adv.可靠地;确实地 *unreliable adj.不可靠的;靠不住的
(P39)Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings, their body language or the words they speak
哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受:肢体语言还是他们的言语
知识拓展
rely on/upon 依靠;依赖
rely on/upon sb to do/doing sth 依赖某人做某事
rely on/upon sb/sth for sth 在某事上依赖/指望某人/物
rely on it that ... 指望……;相信……
经典佳句
Don't rely on going abroad for our holiday; we may not be able to afford it.
不要指望去国外度假,我们可能负担不起。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)In summer, you can't rely the weather, which is changeable.
(2)John is very (rely), and you can ask him to give you a hand.
(3)Her old car was (reliable), so the trip was plagued by breakdowns.
答案 (1)on/upon (2)reliable (3)unreliable
短 语 句 式
知识点9 break down (机器)出故障;消除;(身体)垮掉;失败;分解;(会谈)失败
(P39)A smile can break down barriers.
一个微笑可以打破壁垒。
知识拓展
break away from 脱离……
break in 打断(谈话);插嘴
break into 闯入
break off 突然停止;折断;中断
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break through 突破
break up 分散;拆散;驱散;(关系等)破裂
经典佳句
The firefighters had to break down the door to reach the people trapped inside.
消防队员不得不破门而入,解救困在里面的人。
融会应用
写出下列句中break down的含义
(1)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.
(2)Your health will break down if you keep staying up late.
(3)Plastic bags are difficult to break down.
答案 (1)(会谈)失败 (2)(身体)垮掉 (3)分解
知识点10 by doing结构
(P38)We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
通过观察人们的肢体语言,我们可以在相当程度上了解他们在想什么。
知识拓展
句中的by watching their body language为by doing结构,意为“借助……;通过……”。
(1)“by+地点名词”表示方位,意为“在……旁边”。
(2)“by+时间名词”意为“到……时(已发生某事);不迟于……;在……之前”,此时谓语动词多用完成时。
(3)“by+交通工具”意为“坐……;乘……”,表示交通工具的名词前不加冠词,不变复数。
(4)“by+表示身体部位/衣服的名词”表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分,常与动词catch、seize、take、hold、grab等连用。
经典佳句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边翻乐谱,这样音乐家就不必自己动手翻,以至于打断乐曲。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)As we know, blind people often recognize objects .
正如我们所知,盲人通常通过触摸的方式辨认物体。
(2)Mr Johnson keeps fit and taking exercise everyday.
约翰逊先生通过减少脂肪和糖类的摄入,并每天锻炼来保持健康。
(3)One learns a language .
一个人通过犯错误和纠正错误来学习语言。
(4) the holiday, I had spent all my money.
到假期结束时,我已经花光了自己所有的钱。
(5)The policeman caught the thief .
警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。
答案 (1)by touching them (2)by eating less fat and sugar (3)by making mistakes and correcting them (4)By the end of (5)by the arm
知识点11 部分否定
(P38)In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反,在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。
知识拓展
always、all、both、every、everybody、everything、completely、whole、entirely等表示整体意义的词与否定词not连用时,无论not位置如何,均表示部分否定,意为“并非都”。
Remember that your ideal life does not always consist with the reality.
请记住你的理想生活并不总是与现实相符。
名师点拨
no、none、never、nobody、nothing、neither、no one、nowhere 等表示否定意义的单词或短语与肯定含义的谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
融会应用
英汉互译
(1)Not all people can understand what you say.
(2)我们全都不被允许去那里。
答案
(1) 并不是所有人都能理解你说的话。
(2)None/Neither of us was allowed to go there.
知识点12 as引导原因状语从句
(P38)However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免这样做,因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
知识拓展
句中的as it is not considered polite为as引导的原因状语从句,as意为“因为……”。除此之外,as还可引导以下从句:
(1)as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候;随着……”。
(2)as引导比较状语从句,意为“和……一样”。
(3)as引导让步状语从句且常倒装,意为“尽管……”。
(4)as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如……”。
(5)as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照……;如同……”。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)I will do it in .
我将按照你所做的方法去做这件事。
(2) , he can speak two foreign languages.
虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。
(3) , your request will be considered at the next meeting.
正如我在电话里所解释的那样,你的要求会在下次会议上考虑。
答案 (1)the same way as you did (2)Child as he is
(3)As I explained on the phone
知识点13 比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义
(P39)And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
知识拓展
句中的nothing better than是比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。
最高级含义的多种表达法:
(1)否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than)
(2)否定词+so/as +形容词/副词原级+as
(3)比较级+
than+
经典佳句
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I have never spent a (worrying) day.
(2)Tom is (intelligent) than any other student in his class.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3) has had a greater effect on my life.
再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。
(4)What a wonderful novel! I have never read .
多么好的一本小说啊!我从未读过比这更感人的了。
(5)Li Yang studies in his class.
李洋在班里学习最努力。
答案 (1)more worrying (2)more intelligent
(3)No other book (4)a more moving one (5)harder than anyone else
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The (interact) between the two groups produced many good ideas.
2.A child is someone who always needs the (approve) of other people.
3.I am a new (employ), and I was hired a week ago.
4.They will be (slight) more expensive but they last a lot longer.
5.By (compare), the brains of apes(类人猿) require only 8% of rest-time energy.
答案 1.interaction 2.approval 3.employee
4.slightly 5.comparison
Ⅱ.选词填空
make inferences; break down; by comparison; by contrast; differ in; do a favour; get through; look down
1.They size but not in kind.
2.She had been waiting for Simon to the barrier between them.
3.I am not good at expressing myself. , I am better at thinking indeed.
4.He is always ready to for his classmates.
5.This might allow you to about a character's educational background and upbringing.
6. , his house has the advantage of low price and that house has the advantage of convenient transportation.
7.He so that she could not see his eyes.
8.I can't possibly that amount of work in such a short time.
答案 1.differ in 2.break down 3.By contrast 4.do a favour 5.make inferences 6.By comparison
7.looked down 8.get through
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——查找主题句并删除细节
阅读教材第38、39页课文中每段的主题句,保留主体部分,删除细节
1.Para.1:We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
2.Para.2:Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
3.Para.3:The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
4.Para.4:Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
5.Para.5:Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
6.Para.6:Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
答案
1.We use words and body language to express thoughts and opinions.
2.Body language varies from culture to culture.
3.The “OK” gesture has different meanings.
4.The gestures for “yes” and “no” differ.
5.Some gestures have the same meaning.
6.Smiling has many different uses.
【衔接高考】
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)What's more,you can try(differ) kinds of workouts,such as jogging, biking, or swimming.
2.(2023·浙江1月)By the way, there will be a workshop this afternoon on how to motivate(employ).
3. (2022·浙江1月)Not only did we chat about the (favour) pastimes and foods of the people there, but you also described a beautiful culture that I wish one day to have the chance to experience myself.
4.(2022·全国甲)Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in(vary) countries.
5.(2022·浙江1月)By (provide) long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modern world.
6.(2021·全国乙)These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan's desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量) (slight) lower.
7.(2020·新高考Ⅰ)Last Sunday (witness) an extraordinary cross-country running race, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.
答案 1.different 2.employees 3.favourite
4.various 5.providing 6.slightly 7.witnessed
【学习目标】
1.阅读和理解描述常见肢体语言的语篇,理解描述这些行为特征的语言特点,掌握描述肢体语言的基本方法。(语言能力)
2.了解中外肢体语言的差异与融通,形成恰当的跨文化交际意识,正确使用肢体语言进行得体的交流。(文化意识)
3.理解语篇成分之间的语义逻辑关系,如次序关系、因果关系、概括与例证关系等。(语言能力)
4.听懂并理解讨论肢体语言的应用场景及其相关对话。(语言能力)
5.通过分析课文细节,培养分析长难句的能力。(语言能力)
6.通过对课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中推测词性,猜测词义,并了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
( )1.gesture ( )2.identical
( )3.cheek ( )4.waist
( )5.barrier ( )6.fake
( )7.inference ( )8.internal
( )9.twin ( )10.trial
A.adj.similar in every detail
B.n.movement of the body or hands to show what one feels or thinks
C.n.a bar or gate that stops people or vehicles from entering a place
D.n.either side of the face below the eyes
E.n.part of the body between the ribs(肋骨) and the hips(臀部)
F.adj.not genuine; appearing to be sth it is not
G.adj.connected with the inside of sth
H.n.the act or process of forming conclusions, based on what you already know
I.n.a formal examination of evidence in court by a judge and often a jury
J.n.one of two children born at the same time from the same mother
答案 1~5 BADEC 6~10 FHGJI
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. n.交流;互相影响→ v.相互作用;互相影响;交流;沟通
2. vi.改变;(使)不同→ n.种类;多样性→ adj.各种各样的→ adj.多变的;不相同的
3. v.赞成;通过;批准→ n.赞许;赞成
4. vt.雇用;使用→ n.雇主;雇用者→ n.受雇者;雇工;雇员;从业员工→ n.雇用;受雇;职业;工作
5. v.把……理解为;口译→ n.演绎的人;口译译员→ n.解释;说明;口译;理解
6. vi.不同于;相异→ adj.不同的→ n.不同;区别
7. n.恩惠;帮助;赞同 vt.较喜爱;有利于→ adj.最喜爱的
8. n.怒气;怒火vt.激怒;使发怒→ adj.生气的;愤怒的;发怒的→ adv.愤怒地;生气地
9. adj.可靠的;可信赖的;真实可信的→ n.可靠性;可信度→ v.依靠;依赖
10. adv.略微;稍微→ adj.轻微的;细小的
11. vt.评定;判断;评估→ n.评价;看法;评估
12. vt.使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清→ n.澄清;净化;说明
13. vt.教育→ n.教育→ n.教育者
14. adj.光秃秃的;赤裸的→ adv.仅仅;勉强才能;几乎不
15. vt.占领;使用→ n.职业;工作
16. vt.分散(注意力);使分心→ n.娱乐;分散注意力的事→ adj.分散注意力的
17. n.焦虑;不安→ adj.焦虑的;不安的;渴望的→ adv.焦虑地;不安地;渴望地
18. adj.难堪的;尴尬的→ n.困境;困窘;难堪→ v.使困窘;使局促不安→ adj.令人为难的
19. adv.仅仅;只不过;只是→ adj.仅仅;只不过;轻微的
20. vt.& vi.打听;询问→ n.调查;审查;询问;质问
21. adv.最后;最终→ adj.最后的;终极的
22. v.调整;适应→ n.调整;调节→ adj.可调节的
23. vi.(对……)起反应;回应→ n.反应
答案 1.interaction;interact 2.vary;variety;various;varied 3.approve;approval 4.employ;employer;employee;employment 5.interpret;interpreter;interpretation 6.differ;different;difference
7.favour;favourite 8.anger;angry;angrily 9.reliable;reliability;rely 10.slightly;slight 11.assess;assessment 12.clarify;clarification 13.educate;education;educator 14.bare;barely 15.occupy;occupation 16.distract;distraction;distractive 17.anxiety;anxious;anxiously 18.embarrassed;embarrassment;embarrass;embarrassing 19.merely;mere 20.inquire;inquiry 21.ultimately;ultimate 22.adjust;adjustment;adjustable 23.react;reaction
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 相比之下
2. (与……)相比较
3. 推理;推断
4. 消除;分解;打破
5. 直起来;整理;收拾整齐
6. 换句话说;也就是说
7. (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;号召;把……叫作
8. 好像;仿佛
9.at work
10.vary from...to...
11.look into
12.get through
13.more than
14.look up
答案 1.by contrast 2.by comparison 3.make inferences 4.break down 5.straighten up 6.in other words 7.call on 8.as though 9.起作用;在工作 10.从……到……不等;在……到……之间变化 11.调查;审查 12.通过;(工作)完成;(测验)合格;接通电话 13.不止;不仅仅是;比……多;非常 14.仰望;查阅;尊敬
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.(by doing结构)
翻译 通过观察人们的肢体语言,我们可以在相当程度上了解他们在想什么。
仿写 Being a clown doctor means I can help people .
做一个小丑医生意味着我可以通过让人们变得开心来帮助他们。
2.In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.(状语从句的省略)
翻译 在日本,当你和年长的人说话时,低头可能显示出对长辈的尊重。
仿写 Now read how she felt since July 1942.
现在,来看看她自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后是何种心情吧。
3.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany,as it is not considered polite.(as引导原因状语从句)
翻译 然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免这样做,因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
仿写 Enjoy the first hour of the day.This is important for the rest of the day.
好好享受每天的第一个小时。这很重要,因为它决定你一整天的心情。
答案 1.by entertaining them 2.after being in the hiding place 3.as it determines the mood
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.What kind of feeling does each of the following facial expressions convey
1. 2.
3. 4.
答案 1.Sadness 2.Fright 3.Surprise 4.Curiosity
Ⅱ.What is the meaning of each gesture
1. 2.
3. 4.
答案 1.Well done 2.OK 3.Keep quiet 4.Stop
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 38-39 and find out the main idea.
1.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.Communication.
B.Spoken language.
C.Body language.
D.Different cultures.
答案 C
2.Match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 38-39.
( )(1)Para.1 ( )(2)Para.2
( )(3)Paras.3-4 ( )(4)Para.5
( )(5)Para.6
A.The same gesture may have different meanings in different countries.
B.Some body language such as smiling has many different uses.
C.Body language varies from culture to culture.
D.Both words and body language are of importance in interactions with others.
E.Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.
答案 (1)~(5) DCAEB
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 38-39 carefully and choose the correct answers.
1.Why do we use both words and body language
A.To show how clever we are.
B.To show that we have learned a lot.
C.To express our thoughts and opinions.
D.To tell others we have a gift for performance.
2.It may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person in .
A.China
B.Japan
C.European countries
D.Middle Eastern countries
3.What do we disagree according to Paragraph 3
A.The gesture for “OK” means toilet in Brazil.
B.The gesture for “OK” means zero in France.
C.The gesture for “OK” means money in Japan.
D.The gesture for “OK” means impoliteness(无礼) in Germany.
4.What can we know from Paragraph 4
A.In Bulgaria shaking one's head means “no”.
B.Nodding means “yes” in southern Albania.
C.In France people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.
D.In Russia people prefer shaking hands when they meet.
答案 1~4 CBAC
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 38-39.
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
The general introduction Both words and body language are used to 1. thoughts and opinions.We can learn a lot about others' thoughts by watching 2..
The body language in different cultures Body language 3. from culture to culture.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is 4.to the culture you are in.
The gesture for “OK” It has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan, it means 5..In France, it means zero.However, it is not considered 6.in Brazil and Germany.
The gestures for “yes” and “no” In general, shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”.But in Bulgaria and southern Albania, they have the 7..
The gestures with the same meaning Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”.Moving your hand 8.over your stomach after a meal means “I am full”.
The body language with different uses A smile can help us 9.difficult situations, find friends in a world of strangers, and 10.barriers.We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.
答案 1.express 2.their body language 3.varies 4.appropriate 5.money 6.polite 7.opposite meaning
8.in circles 9.get through 10.break down
Ⅱ.Discussion.
1.Which is a more reliable guide for understanding people's feelings, their body language or the words they speak Why
答案 Their body language is much more reliable than the words they speak, because body language has trouble in hiding their anger, disappointment or irritation.
2.How do people better read body language in different cultures and countries What advice on body language can you give
答案 略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
善分析 本句是一个由(1)连接的并列句。but后面的分句中the way后跟了一个(2)从句。当the way 作先行词时,从句用(3)来引导,也可以省略引导词。
会翻译 (4)
答案 (1)but (2)定语 (3)that/in which
(4)话语很重要,但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的方式也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
2.And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
善分析 本句是一个复合句。if引导了(1)
,主句中比较级better前的nothing为否定含义的词,所以此处表达(2)的含义。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)条件状语从句 (2)最高级 (3)如果我们感到沮丧或孤单,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
新知探究
相同手势,不同含义
肢体语言指用身体的各种动作代替语言以达到表情达意的沟通目的。同一肢体语言在不同的国家有不同的含义。
1.伸出食指和中指做 V 字状手势。“V”是英文 victory 和法语 victoire (胜利)的第一个字母,故在英国、法国、捷克等国这个手势含有“胜利”之意。但在塞尔维亚语中这一手势代表“英雄气概”,在荷兰语中则代表“自由”。
2.食指弯曲。这个手势在中国表示“9”;在日本表示小偷,特别是那些专门在商店里偷窃的人及其偷窃行为;在泰国、新加坡、马来西亚表示死亡。
3.伸出中指。这个手势在法国、新加坡表示“被激怒”和“极度不愉快”;在墨西哥表示“不满”;在澳大利亚、突尼斯表示“侮辱”;在法国还表示“下流行为”。
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands(1) can also give us information about their feelings.
倾听身体的诉说
在与他人的互动中,我们用言语和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。通过观察人们的肢体语言,我们可以在相当程度上了解他们在想什么。话语很重要,但是人们站着、双手抱臂、移动双手的方式也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
【助读点拨】
(1)the way为先行词,后面是省略了that的定语从句。
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in(2). For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
就像口头语言一样,肢体语言也因文化而异。最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。例如,在一些国家,进行眼神交流时,直视某人的眼睛是表现出兴趣的一种方式。相反,在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如,在许多中东国家,社会不允许男女进行眼神交流。在日本,当你和年长的人说话时,低头可能显示出对长辈的尊重。
【助读点拨】
(2)that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a way;you are in是省略了that的定语从句,修饰先行词the culture。
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture(3) might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本,看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。在法国,看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免这样做,因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
【助读点拨】
(3)who引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词someone。
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part(4). In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
甚至我们用作“是”和“不是”的手势也因地而异。在许多国家,摇头表示“不是”,点头表示“是”。相比之下,在保加利亚和南阿尔巴尼亚,这些手势的含义正好相反。我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分别时的行为也存在差异。在法国和俄罗斯等国家,人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。在其他地方,人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
【助读点拨】
(4)and连接三个how引导的宾语从句;we are talking to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句,修饰先行词someone;when we meet or part为时间状语从句。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes(5) means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。双手合拢放在头的一侧,同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。表示“我饱了”的一个好方法是饭后用手在肚子上转几圈。
【助读点拨】
(5)and连接两个动名词短语一起作主语;while closing your eyes为时间状语从句的省略形式。
Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
某些肢体语言有许多不同的用途。也许最好的例子就是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关,在一群陌生人中找到朋友。一个微笑可以打破壁垒。我们可以用微笑来道歉,问候别人,请求帮助,或者开始一段对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑,让自己更快乐、更坚强。如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变;(使)不同 *variety n.种类;多样性;变化
*various adj.各种各样的
(P38)Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口头语言一样,肢体语言也因文化而异。
知识拓展
vary from ...to... 由……到……不等
vary with 随……变化
vary in 在……方面变化
a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的
经典佳句
With the development of economy,there are varieties of goods in stores,varying from daily groceries to luxury goods,which greatly enriches people's life. In addition,the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.
随着经济的发展,商店里的商品种类繁多,从日用品到奢侈品应有尽有,极大地丰富了人们的生活。此外,货物的品种和数量随季节而变化。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Opinions on this matter vary person person.
(2)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger are (vary).
(3)Most of us,in fact,progressively narrow the (various) of our lives.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(4)Our school has built a new stadium.It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities.
→Our school has built a new stadium, well-equipped facilities.(升级加黑词;使用定语从句)
答案 (1)from;to (2)various (3)variety
(4)which has various/ varieties of/a variety of
知识点2 appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的 *appropriately adv.适当地;合适地
(P38)The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。
知识拓展
be appropriate to/for适用于;合乎
be appropriate to do sth做某事是合适的
经典佳句
It is not appropriate that a student should litter and scribble around.
对于学生来说,到处乱丢垃圾以及乱写乱画是不恰当的。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)It is not appropriate (ask) such personal questions in an interview.
(2)It's necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act (appropriate) towards other people.
答案 (1)to ask (2)appropriately
知识点3 approve vi.赞成;同意vt.批准;通过 *approval n.赞成;同意;批准;认可
(P38)In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反,在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。
知识拓展
approve of 赞成;同意
approve of sb/sb's doing sth 同意某人做某事
give one's approval to 批准某人……
经典佳句
I would appreciate it if you could approve my application and inform me of the interview.
如果你批准我的申请并通知我面试,我将十分感激。
名师点拨
“赞成/同意某人做某事”不可用approve sb to do sth,应该用approve of sb/one's doing sth,其中介词of后是动词-ing形式的复合结构。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)I quite approve your plan.
(2)The chairman instantly (approve) the proposal after he saw it.
(3)Does what I have done meet with your (approve)
答案 (1)of (2)approved (3)approval
知识点4 witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证n.目击者;证人
(P38)In Japan,someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
在日本,看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。
知识拓展
witness sb doing sth 目击(看见)某人做某事
a witness to... ……的证人/证据
bear/give witness to 为……作证;证明……
(a) witness for 作证;为……辩护
图解释义
融会应用
单句填空
(1)He witness the man (enter) the room.
(2)His good health is a witness the success of the treatment.
答案 (1)entering (2)to
知识点5 employ vt.使用;应用;雇用 *employment n.雇用 *employer n.雇主
*employee n.雇员;雇工
(P38) In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
在日本,看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。
知识拓展
employ sb as ...雇用某人作为……
employ sb to do sth雇用某人做某事
employ sth to do sth利用某物做某事
employ oneself in ...(= be employed in ...)
从事……;忙于……
经典佳句
Different artists employ different painting techniques.
不同的画家使用不同的绘画技巧。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Many local people are employed guides in the tourism industry.
(2)A number of people have been employed (deal) with the work.
(3)The woman biologist has employed (her) in protecting the endangered animals recently.
答案 (1)as (2)to deal (3)herself
知识点6 differ vi.不同于;相异 *different adj.不同的 *difference n.不同;差别
(P38)Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
甚至我们用作“是”和“不是”的手势也因地而异。
知识拓展
differ from ... 与……不同/有区别
differ in ... 在……方面不同
differ with sb on/about/over sth 与某人在某事上持不同看法/意见等
be different from ... 与……不同
make a difference (to...) (对……)有作用或影响
经典佳句
Learners with different cultural backgrounds differ a lot in their thinking patterns and learning styles.These differences can be investigated and explained.
不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这些差异可以被研究和解释。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Worried about my health, I tried many (differ) kinds of diets but none worked.
(2)There're many (differ) between British English and American English.
(3)English differs greatly French in pronunciation.
答案 (1)different (2)differences (3)from
知识点7 favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于n.帮助;恩惠;赞同 *favourable adj.赞同的;有利的 *favoured adj.受到宠爱的;得到偏爱的 *favourite adj.特别喜欢的n.特别喜欢的人/物
(P38)Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
在其他地方,人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
知识拓展
ask a favour of sb 求人帮一个忙
do a favour for sb=do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
return the favour 报答
in favour of 赞成;主张
in one's favour 对某人有利
经典佳句
To win the pupils' respect, a teacher should not favour any of his pupils.
要想赢得学生的尊重,教师不应该偏袒任何学生。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The exchange rate is at the moment.
目前汇率对我们有利。
(2)Most of them were my opinion while David was against it.
他们中大多数人支持我的看法,然而大卫却反对。
(3) and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone,will you
劳驾,我在打电话时把收音机的声音调小点好吗
答案 (1)in our favour (2)in favour of
(3)Do me a favour
知识点8 reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的 *rely v.依靠;依赖 *reliably adv.可靠地;确实地 *unreliable adj.不可靠的;靠不住的
(P39)Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings, their body language or the words they speak
哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受:肢体语言还是他们的言语
知识拓展
rely on/upon 依靠;依赖
rely on/upon sb to do/doing sth 依赖某人做某事
rely on/upon sb/sth for sth 在某事上依赖/指望某人/物
rely on it that ... 指望……;相信……
经典佳句
Don't rely on going abroad for our holiday; we may not be able to afford it.
不要指望去国外度假,我们可能负担不起。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)In summer, you can't rely the weather, which is changeable.
(2)John is very (rely), and you can ask him to give you a hand.
(3)Her old car was (reliable), so the trip was plagued by breakdowns.
答案 (1)on/upon (2)reliable (3)unreliable
短 语 句 式
知识点9 break down (机器)出故障;消除;(身体)垮掉;失败;分解;(会谈)失败
(P39)A smile can break down barriers.
一个微笑可以打破壁垒。
知识拓展
break away from 脱离……
break in 打断(谈话);插嘴
break into 闯入
break off 突然停止;折断;中断
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break through 突破
break up 分散;拆散;驱散;(关系等)破裂
经典佳句
The firefighters had to break down the door to reach the people trapped inside.
消防队员不得不破门而入,解救困在里面的人。
融会应用
写出下列句中break down的含义
(1)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.
(2)Your health will break down if you keep staying up late.
(3)Plastic bags are difficult to break down.
答案 (1)(会谈)失败 (2)(身体)垮掉 (3)分解
知识点10 by doing结构
(P38)We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
通过观察人们的肢体语言,我们可以在相当程度上了解他们在想什么。
知识拓展
句中的by watching their body language为by doing结构,意为“借助……;通过……”。
(1)“by+地点名词”表示方位,意为“在……旁边”。
(2)“by+时间名词”意为“到……时(已发生某事);不迟于……;在……之前”,此时谓语动词多用完成时。
(3)“by+交通工具”意为“坐……;乘……”,表示交通工具的名词前不加冠词,不变复数。
(4)“by+表示身体部位/衣服的名词”表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分,常与动词catch、seize、take、hold、grab等连用。
经典佳句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边翻乐谱,这样音乐家就不必自己动手翻,以至于打断乐曲。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)As we know, blind people often recognize objects .
正如我们所知,盲人通常通过触摸的方式辨认物体。
(2)Mr Johnson keeps fit and taking exercise everyday.
约翰逊先生通过减少脂肪和糖类的摄入,并每天锻炼来保持健康。
(3)One learns a language .
一个人通过犯错误和纠正错误来学习语言。
(4) the holiday, I had spent all my money.
到假期结束时,我已经花光了自己所有的钱。
(5)The policeman caught the thief .
警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。
答案 (1)by touching them (2)by eating less fat and sugar (3)by making mistakes and correcting them (4)By the end of (5)by the arm
知识点11 部分否定
(P38)In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反,在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。
知识拓展
always、all、both、every、everybody、everything、completely、whole、entirely等表示整体意义的词与否定词not连用时,无论not位置如何,均表示部分否定,意为“并非都”。
Remember that your ideal life does not always consist with the reality.
请记住你的理想生活并不总是与现实相符。
名师点拨
no、none、never、nobody、nothing、neither、no one、nowhere 等表示否定意义的单词或短语与肯定含义的谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
融会应用
英汉互译
(1)Not all people can understand what you say.
(2)我们全都不被允许去那里。
答案
(1) 并不是所有人都能理解你说的话。
(2)None/Neither of us was allowed to go there.
知识点12 as引导原因状语从句
(P38)However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免这样做,因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
知识拓展
句中的as it is not considered polite为as引导的原因状语从句,as意为“因为……”。除此之外,as还可引导以下从句:
(1)as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候;随着……”。
(2)as引导比较状语从句,意为“和……一样”。
(3)as引导让步状语从句且常倒装,意为“尽管……”。
(4)as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如……”。
(5)as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照……;如同……”。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)I will do it in .
我将按照你所做的方法去做这件事。
(2) , he can speak two foreign languages.
虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。
(3) , your request will be considered at the next meeting.
正如我在电话里所解释的那样,你的要求会在下次会议上考虑。
答案 (1)the same way as you did (2)Child as he is
(3)As I explained on the phone
知识点13 比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义
(P39)And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
知识拓展
句中的nothing better than是比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。
最高级含义的多种表达法:
(1)否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than)
(2)否定词+so/as +形容词/副词原级+as
(3)比较级+
than+
经典佳句
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I have never spent a (worrying) day.
(2)Tom is (intelligent) than any other student in his class.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3) has had a greater effect on my life.
再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。
(4)What a wonderful novel! I have never read .
多么好的一本小说啊!我从未读过比这更感人的了。
(5)Li Yang studies in his class.
李洋在班里学习最努力。
答案 (1)more worrying (2)more intelligent
(3)No other book (4)a more moving one (5)harder than anyone else
【随堂检测】
【夯实基础】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The (interact) between the two groups produced many good ideas.
2.A child is someone who always needs the (approve) of other people.
3.I am a new (employ), and I was hired a week ago.
4.They will be (slight) more expensive but they last a lot longer.
5.By (compare), the brains of apes(类人猿) require only 8% of rest-time energy.
答案 1.interaction 2.approval 3.employee
4.slightly 5.comparison
Ⅱ.选词填空
make inferences; break down; by comparison; by contrast; differ in; do a favour; get through; look down
1.They size but not in kind.
2.She had been waiting for Simon to the barrier between them.
3.I am not good at expressing myself. , I am better at thinking indeed.
4.He is always ready to for his classmates.
5.This might allow you to about a character's educational background and upbringing.
6. , his house has the advantage of low price and that house has the advantage of convenient transportation.
7.He so that she could not see his eyes.
8.I can't possibly that amount of work in such a short time.
答案 1.differ in 2.break down 3.By contrast 4.do a favour 5.make inferences 6.By comparison
7.looked down 8.get through
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——查找主题句并删除细节
阅读教材第38、39页课文中每段的主题句,保留主体部分,删除细节
1.Para.1:We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
2.Para.2:Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
3.Para.3:The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
4.Para.4:Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
5.Para.5:Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
6.Para.6:Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.
保留主体部分,删除细节后为
答案
1.We use words and body language to express thoughts and opinions.
2.Body language varies from culture to culture.
3.The “OK” gesture has different meanings.
4.The gestures for “yes” and “no” differ.
5.Some gestures have the same meaning.
6.Smiling has many different uses.
【衔接高考】
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)What's more,you can try(differ) kinds of workouts,such as jogging, biking, or swimming.
2.(2023·浙江1月)By the way, there will be a workshop this afternoon on how to motivate(employ).
3. (2022·浙江1月)Not only did we chat about the (favour) pastimes and foods of the people there, but you also described a beautiful culture that I wish one day to have the chance to experience myself.
4.(2022·全国甲)Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in(vary) countries.
5.(2022·浙江1月)By (provide) long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modern world.
6.(2021·全国乙)These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan's desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量) (slight) lower.
7.(2020·新高考Ⅰ)Last Sunday (witness) an extraordinary cross-country running race, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.
答案 1.different 2.employees 3.favourite
4.various 5.providing 6.slightly 7.witnessed