专题20 短文首字母填空
【题型解读】
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
【解题技巧】
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。
3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：After a long hike, they went back to their camp, built a fire and cooked d5． . Finally, it was time to go to sleep.第5小题，句意：经过长时间的徒步旅行之后，他们回到营地，生火做饭。由语境和首字母提示，可知填：dinner；根据Finally, it was time to go to sleep. 最后，该睡觉了。可以推知，他们回来是做的晚饭，故答案为dinner。
4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。
各种词类填空注意事项：
1. 动词：需要注意时态、语态或非谓语动词形式
判断是否是动词的基本方法：不管句子的类型如何，英语中每个句子都有一个核心动词，去掉充当句子修饰部分的“枝叶”，留下的骨干部分，看是否为一个完整的句子，是否缺少一个核心骨动词。
2. 名词：要点注意名词单复数和属格
判断填写名词的基本方法：名词区别于其他此类的基本特征即是：名词前可以加上冠词。
3. 形容词，副词：需要注意比较级和最高级
形容词用来修饰名词，位于名词前,代词，位置可前可后，或者出现在系动词后，构成系表结构；若出现the ____ +名词，even___或 ___than...一般可认为是形容词，根据是形容词区别于其他词类的特性（比较级或最高级）。
频率副词等往往也是考查重点。常考的副词有：表强调的副词only，even，especially，still，also，always，almost，already；表否定的 hardly，never，seldom，rarely等；句中用逗号隔开的however，句后的again，together，altogether，instead，soon，anywhere等，句前的sometimes，usually等。
4. 代词: 注意人称代词，物主代词，和反身代词
在首字母填空中常填的是不定代词和反身代词，我们如果能够正确地分析句子所缺成分，这类填词很容易得分。另外，代词的填写主要集中在人称代词，物主代词以及反身代词。
5. 连词：注意在复合句中的用法
连词在首字母填空中经常出现，是用来连接一个从句的，在分析确定填连词后，翻译一下上下句，连词就可以确定了。常考的连词有b开头的but，because，before；u开头的until和unless；wh-的宾语从句的连接词；以及although，though，so等。
（2024·天津滨海新·一模）
Positive (积极的) people are usually happy. They often have a lot of friends. When they have a problem, they try to change the problem i 1 a chance. They believe things always work out. But can positive thinking really make someone’s life better Many scientists are s 2 positive thinking. They are finding out some very interesting information.
Your Health
The Mayo Clinic is a famous medical organization in the United States. It studies many things, including positive thinking. Their research proves that positive thinking has many advantages. First, positive thinking s 3 good health. Positive people don’t worry about the bad events in life, so they stay healthy. Positive people are a 4 likely to exercise and eat healthy foods. Because of this, they don’t usually get sick and don’t have many health problems.
At work Dr. Michael is a professor in Germany. His research shows that positive people do w 5 in jobs. There are several reasons for this. Positive people are creative. They don’t expect others to help them with problems. They solve problems t 6 . And positive people don’t give up. They keep trying to learn new things.
Becoming Positive
In the past, scientists thought attitude n 7 changed. Now, many psychologists think people can become more positive. There are many different ways to change. Here are some e 8 . First, think about good events in your life. At the end of a day, ask, find interesting a 9 to do. Laugh at a funny movie or read a good book. Finally, always try new things. For example, you can talk to people you don’t know or shop in a different store. Do different things every day.
A Good Life
Life can be d 10 sometimes. Don’t give up or be negative. Take action. Think about the future and make a plan. You can learn to be positive.
【答案】
1．(i)nto 2．(s)tudying 3．(s)upports 4．(a)lso 5．(w)ell 6．(t)hemselves 7．(n)ever 8．(e)xamples 9．(a)ctivities 10．(d)ifficult
【导语】本文主要介绍了积极的态度对人们在健康状况和工作等方面的影响，有时候生活可能会很困难，但是不要放弃，也不要消极，行动起来。
1．句意：当他们遇到麻烦的时候，总能尽力把麻烦变成机会。change...into“把……变成”。故填(i)nto。
2．句意：许多科学家正在研究积极思维。根据“Many scientists are...positive thinking. They are finding out some very interesting information.”可知科学家在研究积极思维，study“研究”，此处用现在分词和be动词构成进行时。故填(s)tudying。
3．句意：首先，积极的思考维持良好的健康状况。根据“good health”以及首字母可知积极的思考能够维持健康，support“维持”，句子用一般现在时，主语是positive thinking，谓语动词用单三。故填(s)upports。
4．句意：积极的人还有可能锻炼身体并且吃健康的食物。根据“likely to exercise and eat healthy foods”可知积极的人也可能锻炼身体并且吃健康的食物，also“也”。故填(a)lso。
5．句意：他的研究表明，积极的人在工作中表现良好。根据“Positive people are creative”可知他们在工作中表现良好，修饰动词用副词well。故填(w)ell。
6．句意：他们自己解决问题。根据“They don’t expect others to help them with problems.”可知他们不期待别人帮助，他们自己解决问题，用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填(t)hemselves。
7．句意：在过去，科学家们认为态度从未改变。根据“Now, many psychologists think people can become more positive”可知现在心理学家认为人们可以变得更积极，可见在过去，学家们认为态度从不改变，never“从不”。故填(n)ever。
8．句意：以下是一些例子。根据“There are many different ways to change”可知此处介绍了一些例子，example“例子”，此处用名词复数。故填(e)xamples。
9．句意：在一天结束的时候，问问，找一些有趣的活动来做。根据“Laugh at a funny movie or read a good book.”可知这些都是有趣的活动，activity“活动”，此处用名词复数。故填(a)ctivities。
10．句意：生活有时会很艰难。根据“Don’t give up or be negative.”可知生活有时会很难，但是不要放弃，difficult“困难的”。故填(d)ifficult。
（2024·江苏连云港·一模）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Sometimes people come into your life and you know that they are there to teach you a lesson, or to help you understand who you are or who you want to become.
You never know these p 11 who may be a classmate, a neighbour or a friend—but when you lock your eyes on them, you know at that very moment they will i 12 your life in some ways.
Sometimes things that happen to you may seem unpleasant, painful, or worried at first. But in another way, you find that without getting over (克服) those d 13 , you would have n 14 realized your ability, strength or willpower (意志力).
The people you meet and the success you get help to c 15 who you are and who you become. Even the t 16 experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are sometimes the most i 17 ones.
If someone loves you, give love back to them in the way you can, not only because they love you, but because they are teaching you to love and how to open your h 18 and eyes to things. If someone hurts you, or breaks your heart, forgive (原谅) them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being careful of people a 19 .
You must believe that self-confidence is necessary to a person. If you’re not confident, it will be hard for o 20 to believe in you.
Learn a lesson in life each day you live!
【答案】
11．(p)eople 12．(i)nfluence 13．(d)ifficulties 14．(n)ever 15．(c)reate 16．(t)errible 17．(i)mportant 18．(h)eart 19．(a)round 20．(o)thers
【导语】本文主要讲述了身边的人和经历的事都会帮助塑造自己。
11．句意：你永远不会认识这些人，他们可能是你的同学、邻居或朋友，但当你盯着他们的时候，你就知道在那一刻他们会以某种方式影响你的生活。根据“who may be a classmate, a neighbour or a friend”可知，此处是一个以who引导的定语从句，结合前文“Sometimes people come into your life”可知，空格处应为先行词people。故填(p)eople。
12．句意：你永远不会认识这些人，他们可能是你的同学、邻居或朋友，但当你盯着他们的时候，你就知道在那一刻他们会以某种方式影响你的生活。根据前文“they are there to teach you a lesson, or to help you understand who you are or who you want to become”及首字母提示可知，此处是指影响生活，influence表示“影响”，结合空前“will”是情态动词可知，此处应用动词原形。故填(i)nfluence。
13．句意：但另一方面，你会发现，如果不克服这些困难，你就永远不会意识到自己的能力、力量和意志力。根据前文“Sometimes things that happen to you may seem unpleasant, painful, or worried at first.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指克服困难，difficulty表示“困难”，为可数名词，结合空前“those”可知，此处应用复数名词。故填(d)ifficulties。
14．句意：但另一方面，你会发现，如果不克服这些困难，你就永远不会意识到自己的能力、力量和意志力。此处句子结构完整，所以空格处应填一个副词，结合语境及首字母提示可知，此处应用never表示“从不”。故填(n)ever。
15．句意：你遇到的人和你获得的成功有助于塑造你是谁，以及你将成为谁。根据前文提到身边的人会影响自己的生活及首字母提示可知，此处是指塑造自己，此处应用动词不定式作宾语，结合空前“to”可知，空格处应填动词原形。故填(c)reate。
16．句意：即使是可怕的经历也可以从中吸取教训。根据前文“Sometimes things that happen to you may seem unpleasant, painful, or worried at first.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指可怕的经历，terrible表示“可怕的”，在句中作定语。故填(t)errible。
17．句意：事实上，它们有时是最重要的。结合前文提到困难可以帮助意识到自己的能力、力量和意志力和语境及首字母提示可知，此处是指可怕的经历有时是最重要的。故填(i)mportant。
18．句意：如果有人爱你，尽你所能地给他们爱，不仅因为他们爱你，而且因为他们教会了你去爱，以及如何敞开心扉和眼界。此处应填一个名词作宾语，结合下文“If someone hurts you, or breaks your heart, forgive (原谅) them”及首字母提示可知，此处是指敞开心扉，heart表示“内心”，且此处应用单数名词。故填(h)eart。
19．句意：如果有人伤害了你，或伤了你的心，原谅他们，因为他们帮助你学会了信任和小心周围人的重要性。根据前文提到自己遇到的人有助于塑造自己可知，此处是指周围的人，结合首字母提示，此处应用around表示“在周围”。故填(a)round。
20．句意：如果你不自信，别人就很难相信你。此处为it will be + adj. + for sb. to do sth.句式，根据语境及首字母提示可知，此处应用others表示“其他人”。故填(o)thers。
（2024·江苏淮安·一模）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
In the recently passed winter holiday, the nickname “s 21 potatoes” which refers to “nanfang xiaotudou” has been p 22 across the country, almost everyone knows them through news, TVs or other social medias (社交媒体).
Harbin, located in northeastern China, is f 23 for its cold winter and fantastic ice sculptures. Over the past winter holiday, the city has turned itself into one of the most favourite tourist places to go in China. A 24 to He Jing, the director of the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Harbin’s tourism boom (旅游繁荣) this year is not just a coincidence (巧合), but the r 25 of years of careful preparation.
Since the beginning of 2023, the city has been developing plans to improve the tourism industry. “We t 26 immediate (立即的) action to improve whatever the visitors complain about b 27 we would like to stand in the shoes of visitors and make Harbin a better place to visit. To help visitors w 28 are not used to cold weather, we have set up many heated places for them to change clothes and p 29 free hot drinks for them. Local specially frozen pears are even cut into small pieces. We just want to impress visitors with all the small details, m 30 them feel comfortable and welcomed.” He Jing says.
Just like what Harbin did to show their unique beauty and warm hospitality (好客) to the visitors, I think every city in China is willing to do the same to make people around the world to experience the real beauty and warm hospitality of China.
【答案】
21．(s)outhern 22．(p)opular 23．(f)amous 24．(A)ccording 25．(r)esult 26．(t)ake 27．(b)ecause 28．(w)ho 29．(p)rovided 30．(m)aking
【导语】本文主要介绍了哈尔滨旅游热潮的兴起，以及为此做出的努力。
21．句意：在刚刚过去的寒假里，“南方土豆”，即“南方小土豆”的绰号在全国范围内流行起来，几乎每个人都通过新闻、电视或其他社交媒体知道他们。根据后文的解释“nanfang xiaotudou”可知，空处表示“南方的”southern，在句中作定语，故填(s)outhern。
22．句意：在刚刚过去的寒假里，“南方土豆”，即“南方小土豆”的绰号在全国范围内流行起来，几乎每个人都通过新闻、电视或其他社交媒体知道他们。根据“almost everyone knows them through news, TVs or other social medias (社交媒体)”可知，几乎每个人都通过新闻、电视或其他社交媒体知道他们，说明该绰号很流行，popular“流行的”，作表语，故填(p)opular。
23．句意：哈尔滨位于中国东北部，以其寒冷的冬天和奇妙的冰雕而闻名。be famous for“因……而闻名”，固定短语，故填(f)amous。
24．句意：据黑龙江省文化和旅游厅厅长何晶介绍，哈尔滨今年的旅游热潮并非巧合，而是多年精心准备的结果。根据“...to He Jing”及首字母提示和语境可知，此处指根据何晶的介绍，according to“根据”，固定短语，故填(A)ccording。
25．句意：据黑龙江省文化和旅游厅厅长何晶介绍，哈尔滨今年的旅游热潮并非巧合，而是多年精心准备的结果。根据“Harbin’s tourism boom (旅游繁荣) this year is not just a coincidence (巧合), but the...of years of careful preparation.”及首字母可知，此处指不是巧合而是多年努力的结果，the result of“……的结果”，故填(r)esult。
26．句意：我们立即采取行动改善任何游客抱怨之处，因为我们想站在游客的立场，使哈尔滨成为一个更好的地方参观。根据“....immediate (立即的) action to improve”及首字母可知，此处是take action to do“采取行动做某事”的表达，故填(t)ake。
27．句意：我们立即采取行动改善任何游客抱怨之处，因为我们想站在游客的立场，使哈尔滨成为一个更好的地方参观。空后“we would like to stand in the shoes of visitors and make Harbin a better place to visit”是空前“采取行动改善”的原因，所以用because“因为”引导原因状语从句，故填(b)ecause。
28．句意：为了帮助那些不习惯寒冷天气的游客，我们设置了许多加热的地方供他们换衣服，并给他们提供免费的热饮。分析句子可知，空处在句中作主语，且空前先行词是人，所以空处用who引导的定语从句，故填(w)ho。
29．句意：为了帮助那些不习惯寒冷天气的游客，我们设置了许多加热的地方供他们换衣服，并给他们提供免费的热饮。根据“...free hot drinks for them”及首字母可知，此处是provide sth for sb“为某人提供某物”的表达，根据“have set up”可知，空处用动词的过去分词，故填(p)rovided。
30．句意：我们只是想用所有的小细节给游客留下深刻印象，让他们感到舒适和受欢迎。根据“...them feel comfortable and welcomed”及首字母可知，此处指使他们感觉舒服和受欢迎，make“使得”，空处在句中作状语，且和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故填(m)aking。
（2024·山东东营·一模）
阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
ChatGPT is an AI system (系统) that can have a discussion and create written work. It can create material based on what it has learned f 31 digital books and online naissance (在线生成). Now three high school students in Cyprus have developed an u 32 robot with the help of their teachers. It is special as it uses ChatGPT AI technology.
The robot is named AInstein. It is the size of a small adult and even has a screen for a face that appears to show human facial e 33 . It speaks a North American form of English. And it can tell jokes, like “W 34 was the math book sad Because it had too many problems.” The robot enjoys reading science books and spending time playing the violin.
The creators of AInstein want to use the technology to i 35 learning experiences in the classroom. In fact, there m 36 be a place for robots in education after all. British e 37 expert Anthony Seldon predicts that robots will take over the classroom in 2027 and teachers will work as their helpers.
One thing is certain, though. A robot teacher is b 38 than no teacher at all. In some parts of the world, there aren’t e 39 teachers and 9—16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school. That problem could be partly s 40 by robots, because they can teach anywhere and won’t get stressed, or tired, or move somewhere for an easier, higher-paid job.
【答案】
31．(f)rom 32．(u)nusual 33．(e)xpressions 34．(W)hy 35．(i)mprove 36．(m)ight 37．(e)ducation 38．(b)etter 39．(e)nough 40．(s)olved
【导语】本文主要介绍了Cyprus的三名高中生在老师的帮助下发明了一种不同寻常的机器人，它使用了ChatGPT人工智能技术。
31．句意：它可以根据从数字书籍和在线生成中学到的东西来创作材料。根据“what it has learned…digital books and online naissance.”可知是指从中学习来创作材料，learn from“从……学习”，故填(f)rom。
32．句意：现在，Cyprus的三名高中生在老师的帮助下发明了一种不同寻常的机器人。结合“It is special”可知是指发明了一种不同寻常的机器人。unusual“不同寻常的”，故填(u)nusual。
33．句意：它的大小相当于一个小成人，甚至还有一个屏幕作为脸，可以显示人类的面部表情。根据“a face that appears to show human facial”可知此处是指面部表情，应用expression“表情”，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填(e)xpressions。
34．句意：为什么数学书是悲伤的？根据“Because it had too many problems”可知是问原因，应用why，故填(W)hy。
35．句意：AInstein的发明者希望利用这项技术改善课堂上的学习体验。根据“want to use the technology to…learning experiences in the classroom”可知是指改善课堂上的学习体验，应用动词improve“改善”，此空位于不定式后，应用动词原形，故填(i)mprove。
36．句意：事实上，机器人终究有可能在教育领域占有一席之地。根据“In fact, there…be a place for robots in education after all”可知是指机器人有可能在教育领域占有一席之地，应用情态动词might“可能”，故填(m)ight。
37．句意：英国教育专家Anthony Seldon预测，机器人将在2027年接管教室，教师将成为他们的帮手。根据“that robots will take over the classroom in 2027 and teachers will work as their helpers”可知是指教育专家Anthony Seldon预测，education expert“教育专家”，故填(e)ducation。
38．句意：机器人老师总比没有老师好。根据“than”可知应该用形容词比较级，结合“than no teacher”可知是指机器人老师总比没有老师好，good的比较级better符合，故填(b)etter。
39．句意：在世界上的一些地方，没有足够的教师，9—16%的14岁以下儿童没有上学。根据“In some parts of the world, there aren’t…teachers”可知是指没有足够的教师，应用enough“足够的”，故填(e)nough。
40．句意：机器人可以在一定程度上解决这个问题，因为它们可以在任何地方教书，不会感到压力或疲劳，也不会为了一份更容易、薪水更高的工作而搬到其他地方。根据“That problem could be partly…by robots,”可知是指解决问题，应用solve表示“解决”，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，动词用过去分词，故填(s)olved。
（2024·天津红桥·一模）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
As a book lover, I’ve tried both paper books and e-books. Both give you the p 41 of reading, but the experience can be different.
Many people prefer reading paper books because they are easy to b 42 from bookshops and comfortable to read. Paper books also allow readers to make n 43 easily. H 44 , some books, such as dictionaries, can be heavy and are not easy to carry around.
Compared w 45 paper books, e-books benefit (有助于) students in many aspects. E-books can be s 46 in a reader (电子阅读器), which is much lighter. Many e-book readers also have a dictionary for you to c 47 new words quickly! However, you can only g 48 e-books online. Unlike paper books, you must read e-books on an e-book reader, a computer, or a smartphone. This adds extra cost. Moreover (此外), your eyes can get t 49 easily when you read e-books on the screen for a long time.
Although more people will try e-books, I believe paper books will not disappear. In my opinion, it doesn’t matter which you use as l 50 as it allows you to enjoy reading.
【答案】
41．(p)leasure 42．(b)uy 43．(n)otes 44．(H)owever 45．(w)ith 46．(s)tored 47．(c)heck 48．(g)et 49．(t)ired 50．(l)ong
【导语】本文主要讲述了纸质书和电子书的特点以及作者自己的观点。
41．句意：虽然两者都可以给你阅读的乐趣，但体验却大不相同。根据“...the experience can be quite different”可知此处指阅读的乐趣。pleasure“乐趣”，不可数名词。故填(p)leasure。
42．句意：很多人更喜欢纸质书，因为它们容易从书店购买，并且阅读起来很舒适。根据“from bookshops”可知是从书店买书，buy“买”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(b)uy。
43．句意：纸质书也让读者更容易做笔记。根据“Paper books also allow readers to make”可知纸质书可以让读者很容易做笔记，make notes“做笔记”。故填(n)otes。
44．句意：然而，一些书籍，比如词典，可能很重且不易携带。此处和前文是转折关系，用however连接。故填(H)owever。
45．句意：与纸质书相比，电子书在许多方面对学生有益。compared with“和……相比”。故填(w)ith。
46．句意：电子书可以存储在阅读器中，重量更轻。根据“in a reader”可知书被储存在电子阅读器里，store“储存”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(s)tored。
47．句意：许多电子阅读器也有一本字典，可以让你快速检查新单词！根据“Many e-book readers also have a dictionary for you to...new words”可知可以在电子字典上查单词，check“查”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(c)heck。
48．句意：然而，你只能在线获取电子书。根据“e-books online”可知是在网上获取电子书，get“得到”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填(g)et。
49．句意：此外，当你长时间在屏幕上阅读电子书时，你的眼睛很容易疲劳。根据“when you read e-books on the screen for a long time.”可知长时间看电子书时，眼睛很容易疲劳，tired“疲劳的”。故填(t)ired。
50．句意：在我看来，只要能让你享受阅读，使用哪种都无所谓。后句是前句的条件，用as long as引导条件状语从句。故填(l)ong。
（2023·江苏镇江·一模）
短文填空
The English cultural and tourism magazine “Jiangsu Glimpses” has published a new one. It recommends beautiful museums, d 51 food, fun routes and spring folk customs in Jiangsu.
What winter takes from here, spring will give it b 52 . After a winter of resting, the flowers in Jiangsu are budding（含苞待放） and the ducks can also f 53 the warmth of the spring river.
It has become a habit for Chinese t 54 to come to Jiangsu to see flowers in spring. The city flower of Nanjing, plum blossom, now is all around on the Meihua Mountain. “Fure Flower Sea” in Zhenjiang i 55 many flower fields which are like a colorful blanket. Spring comes and shines on the branches of these flowers in the south of the Yangtze River.
Tea is another g 56 that comes with the spring of Jiangnan. Many teas with poetic and beautiful n 57 are all from Jiangsu, such as Suzhou’s Biluochun tea, Nanjing’s Yuhua tea and Zhenjiang’s Jinshancuiya tea. During this period, the tea field provides nice teas and p 58 places for people to have fun. The tea has special taste b 59 different tea trees are planted in different planting sites. Nowadays, people can look for tasty tea and enjoy the best s 60 in Jiangsu, including transportation, accommodation（住宿）, sightseeing, and food. In addition to the tea fields, tourists can also walk into the tea houses and museums or picturesque villages around them.
【答案】
51．(d)elicious/(d)ifferent 52．(b)ack 53．(f)eel 54．(t)ourists 55．(i)ncludes 56．(g)ift 57．(n)ames 58．(p)leasant/(p)erfect 59．(b)ecause 60．(s)ervice/(s)ervices
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最新出版的《江南一瞥》的主要内容。
51．句意：它推荐了美丽的博物馆、美味的/各种不同的食物、有趣的路线和江苏的春天民俗。设空处需填形容词修饰其后名词food，结合首字母可知，修饰食物“不同的”或“美味的”均符合语境。故填(d)elicious/(d)ifferent。
52．句意：冬天拿走了什么，春天会还回来的。结合首字母分析可知，give back“归还”符合。故填(b)ack。
53．句意：经过一个冬天的休养，江苏的花儿含苞待放，鸭子也能感受到春江的温暖。设空处需填入动词作谓语，结合首字母可知，feel“感觉”符合语境，因句中有情态动词can，所以动词使用原形。故填(f)eel。
54．句意：春天来江苏赏花已成为中国游客们的习惯。设空处需填入名词作主语成分，结合句意和首字母可知，tourist“游客”符合语境，此处指很多游客，所以用其复数形式。故填(t)ourists。
55．句意：镇江的“未来花海”包括许多花田，它们像一张彩色的毯子。设空处需填动词作谓语成分，结合首字母可知，include“包含”符合语境，此处主语为第三人称单数，所以动词用三单形式。故填(i)ncludes。
56．句意：茶是江南春天带来的另一份礼物。设空处应填入名词作表语，结合句意和首字母可知，gift“礼物”符合语境，因其前有修饰词another，所以应使用单数形式。故填(g)ift。
57．句意：许多有着诗意和美丽名字的茶都来自江苏，比如苏州的碧螺春，南京的雨花茶，还有镇江的金山翠芽茶。设空处需填名词作beautiful的中心词，根据“such as Suzhou’s Biluochun tea, Nanjing’s Yuhua tea and Zhenjiang’s Jinshancuiya tea”可知，下文列举的都是茶叶的名字，所以name“名字”符合语境，此处指很多名字，所以应使用复数形式。故填(n)ames。
58．句意：在此期间，茶田为人们提供了好茶和令人愉快的/完美的娱乐场所。设空处需填入形容词修饰名词places，结合首字母可知，修饰场所“令人愉快的”或“完美的”均符合句意。故填(p)leasant/(p)erfect。
59．句意：茶有特别的味道，由于不同的茶树种植在不同的地点。设空处后内容为“The tea has special taste”的原因，所以连词because“因为”符合语境。故填(b)ecause。
60．句意：如今，人们可以在江苏寻找美味的茶，享受最好的服务，包括交通、住宿、观光和食物。设空处需填入名词作best的中心词，结合句意和首字母可知，service“服务”符合语境，该词可以用单数表示“整体的服务”，也可用复数表示“各方的服务”。故填(s)ervice/(s)ervices。
（2023·江苏盐城·二模）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
In 2011, a tsunami hit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (福岛第一核电站) in Japan, l 61 to big nuclear damage (损害). To stop further problems, Japan d 62 to use water to cool the damaged reactors (反应堆).
Now, more than 1.3 million tons of water—enough to fill 500 Olympic-sized swimming pools have been used since t 63 . It’s still going up with more than 100 tons every day. The water is p 64 by radioactive (放射性的) materials and is kept in storage tanks.
Without enough space to store the tanks, Japan said that it would release the wastewater into the Pacific Ocean this spring. On March 17, part of the equipment to release the wastewater started operation for the f 65 time, according to Japanese media TV Asahi.
This decision has caused a number of hot d 66 . The Japanese government insisted that the radionuclides (放射性核素) in the wastewater will have been mostly cleared. So it is safe to release the water into the ocean and it won’t be bad for the environment.
H 67 , not everyone agrees with this decision. Japan’s environmental groups and f 68 worry about the sea life and the fishing industry there, the BBC reported.
Some neighbouring countries, s 69 as South Korea, are worried about the possible problems brought on their own fishing industries and the environment. China, along with Russia, asked Japan a list of technical questions on the plan in May 2022. But the Japanese side was unable to answer these questions or talk f 70 about the matter.
On March 14, the Chinese Foreign Ministry once again denounced (谴责) Japan’s decision to release the wastewater into the sea.
【答案】
61．(l)eading 62．(d)ecided 63．(t)hen 64．(p)olluted 65．(f)irst 66．(d)iscussions 67．(H)owever 68．(f)ishermen 69．(s)uch 70．(f)urther
【导语】本文主要介绍了日本政府准备在2023年春季开始向海洋排放核废水，但遭到了环保组织、当地渔民和中国政府的谴责。
61．句意：2011年，海啸袭击了日本福岛第一核电站，造成了巨大的核破坏。根据“to big nuclear damage”可知是造成了很大的损害，lead to“造成，导致”，句中已有谓语动词hit，此处用非谓语，和主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填(l)eading。
62．句意：为了阻止进一步的问题，日本决定用水冷却受损的反应堆。根据“to use water to cool the damaged reactors”可知是决定使用水冷却受损的反应堆，decide“决定”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(d)ecided。
63．句意：从那时起，已经使用了130多万吨水，足以填满500个奥运会规模的游泳池。根据“enough to fill 500 Olympic-sized swimming pools have been used since”可知是自从那时起，since then“从那时起”。故填(t)hen。
64．句意：这些水被放射性物质污染，并被储存在储罐中。根据“by radioactive (放射性的) materials”可知水被放射性物质污染，pollute“污染”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(p)olluted。
65．句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，部分废水排放设备首次开始运行。根据“release the wastewater started operation for the...time”可知是第一次开始运行，for the first time“第一次”。故填(f)irst。
66．句意：这一决定引起了许多热议。根据“This decision has caused a number of hot...”以及下文可知，这个决定引起了很多议论，discussion“议论”，此处用名词复数。故填(d)iscussions。
67．句意：然而，并不是所有人都同意这一决定。此处和前文是转折关系，用however。故填(H)owever。
68．句意：日本环保组织和渔民担心那里的海洋生活和渔业。根据“worry about the sea life and the fishing industry there”可知渔民担心海洋生活以及渔业，fisherman“渔民”，此处用名词复数。故填(f)ishermen。
69．句意：一些邻国，如韩国，担心本国渔业和环境可能带来的问题。根据“Some neighbouring countries, ...as South Korea”可知是举例说明一些邻国，such as“例如”。故填(s)uch。
70．句意：但日方无法回答这些问题，也无法进一步讨论此事。根据“answer these questions or talk...about the matter”可知是无法进一步讨论此事，用比较级further“进一步”。故填(f)urther。
（2023·山西太原·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you h 71 of “third-hand” smoke
Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces(表面) of things around, 1 72 furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco(烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette(香烟) has been put out. This can c 73 a great danger to your family, especially younger children.
B 74 are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is because they are often close to surfaces of things, such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t 75 these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to r 76 third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict r 77 for forbidding(禁止) smoking inside homes should be carried out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes outside the h 78 . Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f 79 smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house.
Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby. Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn’t mean he or she is s 80 . Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.
【答案】
71．(h)eard 72．(l)ike 73．(c)ause 74．(B)abies 75．(t)ouch 76．(r)efuse 77．(r)ules 78．(h)ouse 79．(f)inishes 80．(s)afe
【导语】本文介绍的是三手烟的危害以及如何减少三手烟的危害。
71．句意：但是你听说过“三手烟”吗？根据“But have you…of ‘third-hand’ smoke ”可知与前面是转折关系，结合所给首字母，可知应是hear of“听说”，由前面have可知，此处要用现在完成时，故填(h)eard。
72．句意：三手烟是指残留在周围物品表面的污染，比如家具或衣服。根据“Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces(表面) of things around…urniture or clothes.”可知空后是举的例子，结合首字母，可知应填like“像”，故填(l)ike。
73．句意：这会对你的家人，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。根据“This can…a great danger to your family, especially younger children.”可知此处说的是留在表面的污染会造成危险，结合所给首字母，可知应填cause“造成”，由can可知情态动词后加动词原形，故填(c)ause。
74．句意：婴儿更容易受到三手烟的伤害。根据“This can…a great danger to your family, especially younger children.”以及“This is because they are often close to surfaces of things, such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain”可知此处应是说婴儿更容易受到伤害，因为他们通常靠近物体的表面，结合所给首字母可知应填baby“婴儿”，由are可知要用复数，且位于句首，首字母大写，故填(B)abies。
75．句意：当他们接触到这些表面时，他们的手就被污染了。根据“they get their hands polluted”可知应是触摸表面的时候，手会被污染，结合首字母可知应是touch“触摸”，通读全文可知是一般现在时，主语为they，故要用动词原形，故填(t)ouch。
76．句意：因此，拒绝三手烟是必要和重要的。根据“This can…a great danger to your family, especially younger children…are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke.”可知三手烟有危害，故拒绝三手烟很必要，结合所给首字母，可知应填refuse“拒绝”，由“it is necessary and important to…third-hand smoke”可知此处是it is+形容词+to do“做某事是……的”，故填动词原形，故填(r)efuse。
77．句意：为了实现这一目标，应该制定严格的规定，禁止在家中吸烟。“To achieve this, strict…for forbidding(禁止) smoking inside homes should be carried out.”可知应是实施禁止吸烟的规则，结合所给首字母，可知用rule“规则”，空前没有冠词，故要用复数，故填(r)ules。
78．句意：请确保他在屋外抽烟。根据“To achieve this, strict…for forbidding(禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out”可知屋内禁止吸烟，故要在屋外抽烟，结合首字母，可知空处应填house“屋子”，且前面有the，故填(h)ouse。
79．句意：给他一件特殊的夹克和帽子，这样一旦他抽完烟，他就会在进屋前把它们摘下来。根据“Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he…smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house.”可知应是抽完烟，把夹克和帽子脱掉，结合首字母，可知应填finish“完成”，通读全文可知是一般现在时，主语为he，故要用动词单三形式，故填(f)inishes。
80．句意：很多时候，你看不到烟雾对你的孩子造成伤害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。根据“you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn’t mean he or she is…”可知此处应填形容词作表语，前面说的是看不见危害，由but可知是转折关系，故后面有应是不意味着安全，结合首字母可知应填safe“安全的”，故填(s)afe。
（2023·江苏扬州·三模）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
The Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is located in Yangzhou’s Sanwan Park and i 81 a four-story building in the shape of a ship, and a 100-meter-tall pagoda.
D 82 by architect(建筑师) Zhang Jinqiu, who is a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the museum is o 83 by Nanjing Museum and has been open to the public since July 16, 2021.
“The museum will make the most of the Grand Canal’s long h 84 and views,” said Xu Rong, chief engineer of the China Northwest Architecture Design and Research Institute.
The museum c 85 over 130,000 square meters with an exhibition area of 18,000 square meters. It has 11 themed exhibitions, t 86 the history of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals connect southern and northern China, which c 87 to be used for transport, irrigation and flood control.
So far, the Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum has 10,000 exhibits, including 20 groups of large ones, making it the b 88 collection to show the huge scale(规模) of the canal and h 89 people changed nature.
In these unique exhibitions,we can understand the past and present of the canal. At the same time, we can enjoy the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. This is the best place for people to feel the c 90 of the canal.
【答案】
81．includes 82．designed 83．operated 84．history 85．covers 86．telling 87．continues 88．best 89．how 90．charm/culture
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了扬州中国大运河博物馆。
81．句意：扬州中国大运河博物馆位于扬州三湾公园内，是一座四层楼高的船形建筑和一座100米高的宝塔。根据句子的主语是扬州中国大运河博物馆，横线后为船形的建筑和100米高的宝塔可知，横线上的词是谓语动词，意为“包含，包括”且用单三形，includes符合题意。故填includes。
82．句意：由中国工程院院士、建筑师张金秋设计。根据“by architect(建筑师) Zhang Jinqiu,”和“the museum is operated by Nanjing Museum ”可知，句子主语是博物馆，横线上要表达“被设计，由……设计”，且与句子主语存在逻辑上的被动关系，故用动词的过去分词。故填designed。
83．句意：博物馆由南京博物馆运营，自2021年7月16日起对外开放。根据上下文和常识可判断，扬州中国大运河博物馆被南京博物院运营，由“by”和上下文可知此处要用过去分词构成被动语态，故填operated。
84．句意：博物馆将充分利用大运河悠久的历史和景观。根据第四段中提到的隋唐等信息可知，大运河有悠久的历史，故这个博物馆的亮点就在于它的悠久历史。故填history。
85．句意：博物馆占地13多万平方米，展览面积1.8万平方米。根据下文中130000平米的占地面积可知，博物馆覆盖13万平方米，谓语动词应该用单三形，cover意为“涵盖，覆盖”。故填covers。
86．句意：它有11个主题展览，讲述了隋朝（581-907）修建的隋唐大运河的历史。根据句子结构可知，主语是it，代指博物馆，谓语是“has 11 themed exhibitions”, 横线上的是状语，不能用谓语动词形式，考虑到与主语之间是主动的关系，即博物馆讲述着隋朝的大运河历史，故应该用现在分词。故填telling。
87．句意：这些运河连接着中国南部和北部，继续被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。根据横线后接动词不定式，且上文提到运河修建的时间，下文提到运河被用于交通，灌溉和防洪，可以看出来横线的词应该表示“继续，后续”，结合语境，continue符合，which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前句“These canals connect southern and northern China”，故定语从句中的谓语动词要用单三形，故填continues。
88．句意：其中包括20组大型运河，是展示运河规模巨大以及人们如何改变自然的最佳藏品。横线前有定冠词the，且后有名词，判断横线上为形容词最高级，根据句意判断用best。故填best。
89．句意：展示运河规模巨大以及人们如何改变自然的最佳藏品。根据下文“people changed nature”中句子成分主谓宾全了，判断横线上的词为状语，又因为运河是人们修建改变自然的结果，判断“人们如何改变自然”符合语境，故填how。
90．句意：这是人们感受运河文化的最佳场所。根据“the... of”判断中间用名词，根据上下文，“博物馆是人们感受运河文化/魅力的最佳场所”符合语境，故填charm/culture。
（2023·江苏盐城·三模）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
It was a cold and rainy day. I finished my work late and dragged home. I threw myself deep into the sofa. I was too tired to c 91 anything for myself, so I ordered a pot of chicken upon my phone.
Half an hour later, a delivery worker c 92 me that he’d arrived. I went out to pick up the food. I walked s 93 because I thought he would leave the food at the gate of my community and leave in a hurry.
As I went to the gate, I saw him w 94 in the pouring rain without an umbrella. The rain kept falling down on his face, his foot, and his y 95 uniform. He was in his twenties. He looked tired.
“Chicken soup ”he asked.
I nodded and he handed the f 96 to me with shivering（颤抖的）and watery finger.
“Why didn’t you leave earlier to find some s 97 from the rain ” I asked.
“I work to bring food safely to our c 98 . For us, one of the most things is to satisfy their needs.” he said with a smile on his face. Then he turned around and d 99 in the rain.
The cold rain kept falling, but a wisp（缕）of w 100 rose in my heart. Around us there are many common people like him who do their jobs every day, even when their work is really tough. They never forget to bring us convenience and kindness.
【答案】
91．(c)ook 92．(c)alled 93．(s)lowly 94．(w)aiting 95．(y)ellow 96．(f)ood 97．(s)helter 98．(c)ustomers 99．(d)isappeared 100．(w)armth
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要赞美了尽职尽责的外卖员。
91．句意：我太累了，不想给自己做饭。根据“so I ordered a pot of chicken upon my phone.”可知，不想做饭，cook“烹饪”符合题意，空前有不定式符号to，故此空用动词原形。故填(c)ook。
92．句意：半小时后，一个外卖员打电话给我说他到了。根据“a delivery worker c…me that he’d arrived”可知，应该是打电话告诉作者。call“打电话”，根据“arrived”可知，此处是一般过去时，故动词用其过去式。故填(c)alled。
93．句意：我走得很慢，因为我担心他会把食物放在我的社区门口，然后匆匆离开。根据“because I thought he would leave the food at the gate of my community and leave in a hurry.”可知，作者认为外卖员会把食物放在社区门口，然后匆匆离开，因此走得慢。slowly“慢地”，副词修饰动词walked。故填(s)lowly。
94．句意：当我走到大门口时，我看见他在倾盆大雨中等着，没有带伞。根据“I saw him w…in the pouring rain”可知，外卖员正在门口等待，wait“等待”符合题意，see sb doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。故填(w)aiting。
95．句意：雨不停地落在他的脸上、脚上和黄色的制服上。根据“his y…uniform”可知，应该是“黄色的制服”，yellow符合题意。故填(y)ellow。
96．句意：我点了点头，他用颤抖的、湿漉漉的手指把食物递给我。根据“Chicken soup”以及“he handed the f…to me”可知，他把食物递给我，food“食物”符合题意。故填(f)ood。
97．句意：你为什么不早点离开找个避雨的地方？根据“find some s…from the rain”可知，此处表示“找个避雨的地方”。shelter“遮蔽物，庇护处”，在此处是不可数名词。故填(s)helter。
98．句意：我的工作是为顾客提供安全的食品。根据“I work to bring food safely to our c…”可知，此处表示“顾客”，其对应的英文表达是customer，此处用其复数表示泛指。故填(c)ustomers。
99．句意：然后他转身消失在雨中。根据“Then he turned around and d…in the rain.”可知，他消失在了雨中。disappear“消失”，and连接的成分一致，故此空应该用过去式。故填(d)isappeared。
100．句意：冷雨不停地下着，我的心里却升起了一缕暖意。根据“The cold rain kept falling, but”可知，此处表示转折，故此处表示“心里却升起了一缕暖意”，此空应填一个名词，warmth“温暖”符合题意。故填(w)armth。
（2023·江苏镇江·二模）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
When I asked my mum and dad if I could go to Kavos with some of my friends for a week, the last thing I thought they would say was “yes”. And at first, they didn’t. They just went on and on about all of the p 101 dangers. So I tried to change their minds. I said to them, “If you were w 102 about the possibility of me falling off a wall and dying in Kavos, then why weren’t you also worried about the possibility of the same thing happening to me in London ”
Finally, they agreed—unwillingly.
After having left my luggage (行李) in my room, I e 103 our resort (度假村) with my friends. Everyone spoke English and e 104 looked like a cheap American film set. It was just w 105 we all needed after a long year of busy schedules.
I promised my parents I wouldn’t go out every nights. B 106 once you’re here, it just can’t be helped. Every one of us wanted to make the most of the week of freedom. At some point, I think we did get a bit too c 107 .
I still wonder if my parents were happy with their d 108 . I won’t be surprised if my mum still r 109 it. But I did have a wonderful holiday.
I think the e 110 made my parents realize that at some point, they have to let go. We have to be given the chance to make our own mistakes and to learn for ourselves what the world is really all about.
【答案】
101．(p)ossible 102．(w)orried 103．(e)xplored 104．(e)verywhere 105．(w)hat 106．(B)ut 107．(c)razy 108．(d)ecision 109．(r)egrets 110．(e)xperience
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者独自旅行的经历。
101．句意：他们只是没完没了地谈论所有可能的危险。根据“dangers”可知空处应填形容词，根据前文“When I asked my mum and dad if I could go to Kavos with some of my friends for a week, the last thing I thought they would say was “yes”. And at first, they didn’t.”可知，父母讨论所有可能的危险，possible“可能的”符合语境，故填(p)ossible。
102．句意：如果你担心我可能会在卡沃斯从墙上掉下来死去，那么你为什么不担心同样的事情在伦敦发生在我身上呢？根据前文“They just went on and on about all of the possible dangers.”可知此处指的是“担心”，短语be worried about意为“担心”。故填(w)orried。
103．句意：把行李放在房间里后，我和朋友们探索了我们的度假胜地。根据“After having left my luggage(行李) in my room…”可知此处填explore“探究”符合语境，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填(e)xplored。
104．句意：每个人都说英语，到处看起来都像廉价的美国电影布景。根据“Everyone spoke English…”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“到处”。故填(e)verywhere。
105．句意：这正是我们在忙碌了一年之后所需要的。根据“It was just…we all needed…”可知此处应填引导词充当从句的宾语，That’s what we need“这正是我们所需要的”符合语境，故填what。
106．句意：但一旦你来到这里，就无能为力了。根据“I promised my parents I wouldn’t go out every nights.”（我向父母保证我不会每天晚上都出去。）可知此处为转折，应填but“但是”表示转折，首字母大写。故填(B)ut。
107．句意：在某种程度上，我认为我们确实有点太疯狂了。根据“Every one of us wanted to make the most of the week of freedom.”（我们每个人都想充分利用这一周的自由。）及首字母提示可知，此处填crazy“疯狂”符合语境，指的是作者认为自己的行为有点儿疯狂。故填(c)razy。
108．句意：我仍然怀疑我的父母是否对他们的决定感到满意。根据“my parents were happy with their …”可知指的是父母让作者去旅行的决定，此处应填名词，故填(d)ecision。
109．句意：如果我妈妈仍然后悔，我不会感到惊讶。根据前文“I still wonder if my parents were happy…”可知此处应指妈妈是否后悔她的决定，此处是条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，主语“my mum”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填(r)egrets。
110．句意：我想这段经历让我的父母意识到，在某个时刻，他们必须放手。根据“I think the…made my patents realize that at some point, they have to let go.”可知，此处指的是作者“旅行的经历”让我的父母意识到在某个时刻，他们必须放手。experience“经历”，故填(e)xperience。
（2023·江苏盐城·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Fu Ting lost her right arm in an accident when she was 3. At the a 111 of 13, she went to a sports school in Xiangtan, Hunan Province. She began swimming t 112 there. Fu Ting took part in Athens 2004 Paralympic Games and other events d 113 her years as an athlete, and won 18 gold medals.
After retiring in 2004, Fu Ting decided to e 114 a university to study law. Through hard work, she graduated and worked as a lawyer. In 2017, Fu Ting set up a service group, p 115 free legal(法律的) help for the disabled. At the s 116 time, she also joined a volunteer group, sharing her life stories in primary and secondary schools, giving legal speeches in communities, in order to encourage more people to help those disabled people in n 117 .
“In the face of the disabled, we should first ‘respect’ and t 118 ‘help’,” Fu Ting said. “I’m h 119 to help them with my own experience and knowledge. And I hope they can help make o 120 country better. I believe I will keep on doing that.”
【答案】
111．(a)ge 112．(t)raining 113．(d)uring 114．(e)nter 115．(p)roviding 116．(s)ame 117．(n)eed 118．(t)hen 119．(h)appy 120．(o)ur
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了扶婷3岁因一场意外事故失去右臂。13岁时开始学习游泳，并参加了残奥会和其他比赛，获得了18枚金牌。退役后，学习法律，成为了一名律师。她用自己的经验和学识去帮助其他残疾人并鼓励大家帮助有需要的残疾人。
111．句意：13岁时，她去了湖南省湘潭市的一所体校。at the age of+年龄“……岁”。故填(a)ge。
112．句意：她开始在那里接受游泳训练。根据“Fu Ting took part in Athens 2004 Paralympic Games and other events...her years as an athlete, and won 18 gold medals”并结合所给首字母可知，扶婷是接受了游泳训练，“游泳训练”swimming training。故填(t)raining。
113．句意：作为运动员，扶婷参加了2004年雅典残奥会和其他比赛，获得了18枚金牌。根据“Fu Ting took part in Athens 2004 Paralympic Games and other events...her years as an athlete”并结合所给首字母可知，在她作为运动员的这些年间，她参加了很多比赛，“在……期间”during。故填(d)uring。
114．句意：2004年退役后，扶婷决定进入大学学习法律。根据“After retiring in 2004, Fu Ting decided to...a university to study law”可知，扶婷是退役之后决定进入大学学习法律，“进入”enter，根据decide to do sth.“决定做某事”可知，空格处应用动词原形。故填(e)nter。
115．句意：2017年，扶婷成立了一个服务团，为残疾人提供免费的法律帮助。根据“In 2017, Fu Ting set up a service group,...free legal(法律的) help for the disabled”并结合所给首字母可知，服务团是为残疾人提供免费法律援助的，provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某物”，由于句子已有谓语动词，故空格处应用非谓语，此处为主动提供，故应用providing。故填(p)roviding。
116．句意：与此同时，她还加入了一个志愿者小组，在中小学分享自己的生活故事，在社区做法律演讲，以鼓励更多的人帮助那些有需要的残疾人。at the same time“同时”。故填(s)ame。
117．句意：与此同时，她还加入了一个志愿者小组，在中小学分享自己的生活故事，在社区做法律演讲，以鼓励更多的人帮助那些有需要的残疾人。根据“in order to encourage more people to help those disabled people in”可知，是帮助有需要的残疾人，in need“需要”。故填(n)eed。
118．句意：“面对残疾人，我们应该先‘尊重’，再‘帮助’。”扶婷说。根据“we should first ‘respect’ and...‘help’”可知，是先尊重，再帮助，and then“然后”。故填(t)hen。
119．句意：我很开心用自己的经验和知识来帮助他们。根据“to help them with my own experience and knowledge”并结合所给首字母可知，能用自己的经验和知识帮助残疾人，应该是很开心的，“开心的”happy。故填(h)appy。
120．句意：我希望他们能帮助我们的国家变得更好。根据“And I hope they can help make...country better”可知，是让我们的国家变得更好，空格处应用形容词性物主代词，“我们的”our。故填(o)ur。
（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
The movie Home Coming took the lead in the box office during the National Day holiday.
It tells a story that took place in North Africa. After a war breaks out there, two Chinese diplomats（外交官）are o 121 to help evacuate（撤离）the overseas Chinese. After completing the first task successfully, they learn that another group of Chinese citizens is still in great d 122 . Realising that these people will die if they don’t give a hand, the two men travel through the war area. They r 123 their lives to help over 100 Chinese citizens go to a safe place. The movie not only shows how the two diplomats protect the people w 124 courage, but also shows their deep love for the country and people.
Home Coming reminds many people of a similar real event which truly h 125 in Libya in 2011. Chinese Embassy helped the evacuation of more than 30,000 Chinese citizens. Behind this event were many e 126 of Chinese diplomats. After watching the film, a man recalled his personal e 127 11 years ago. “We are the lucky ones b 128 we have a strong country and are well protected,” he said.
Home Coming is a hit partly because of the growing national pride and c 129 Chinese people have in our country. A review reads, “Chinese passport might not get you anywhere you want, but it can always b 130 you back home.”
【答案】
121．(o)rdered 122．(d)anger 123．(r)isk 124．(w)ith 125．(h)appened 126．(e)fforts 127．(e)xperience 128．(b)ecause 129．(c)onfidence 130．(b)ring
【导语】本文主要介绍了电影《万里归途》以及2011年发生在利比亚的撤侨事件。
121．句意：战争爆发后，两名中国外交官奉命帮助撤离海外华人。根据“two Chinese diplomats（外交官）are o...to help evacuate（撤离）the overseas Chinese”可知两名中国外交官被命令帮助撤离海外华人。此处应用order“命令”的过去分词和are构成被动语态，故填(o)rdered。
122．句意：在成功完成第一个任务后，他们得知另一群中国公民仍然处于极大的危险之中。be in great danger“处于巨大的危险中”，是固定短语。故填(d)anger。
123．句意：他们冒着生命危险帮助100多名中国公民转移到安全的地方。根据“their lives to help ”可知是指冒着生命危险。risk“冒……风险”，是动词，句子是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(r)isk。
124．句意：这部电影不仅展示了两位外交官如何勇敢地保护人民，还展示了他们对国家和人民的热爱。根据“protect the people w...courage”可知此处应用介词with表伴随，故填(w)ith。
125．句意：《万里归途》让很多人想起了2011年发生在利比亚的类似事件。根据“a similar real event ”可知是指真实发生的事件，happen“发生”，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(h)appened。
126．句意：这一事件的背后是中国外交官的多方努力。根据“Behind this event were many e...of Chinese diplomats.”可知指的是中国外交官的努力，effort“努力”，many后加可数名词复数，故填(e)fforts。
127．句意：一名男子在看完这部电影后，回忆起了11年前的亲身经历。根据“ a man recalled his personal e...”可知是指个人经历，应用名词experience。故填(e)xperience。
128．句意：我们是幸运的，因为我们有一个强大的国家。前后是因果关系，应用because引导原因状语从句，故填(b)ecause。
129．句意：《万里归途》之所以大受欢迎，部分原因是中国人对自己国家的民族自豪感和自信心日益增强。根据“growing national pride and c...”结合语境可知，是指民族自豪感和自信心。应用名词confidence“自信心”。故填(c)onfidence。
130．句意：中国护照可能不能带你去任何你想去的地方，但它总能带你回家。根据“but it can always b...you back home.”可知中国护照可以带你回家，bring“带来”，情态动词can后加动词原形，故填(b)ring。
（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Moving the strings (弦) of the nation’s heart
When talking about the history of the guqin, Wu Wenguang, a famous performer of the ancient zither (古筝), likes to tell a folk story about the sincere friendship between a musician and his biggest fan.
D 131 the Spring and Autumn period, there was a musician named Yu Boya. He lived alone in a forest where he often played the guqin. One day, a passing woodcutter, Zhong Ziqi, was attracted by the sounds of the ancient zither and stopped to l 132 . It was the best that he once heard. Yu’s playing created different p 133 in Zhong’s mind, such as clouds flowing and waterfalls falling. They became good friends. After many years, when Zhong Ziqi passed away, Yu decided never to play the guqin again because he knew that he wouldn’t have anyone e 134 like Zhong to so truly understand his music.
“With the power to e 135 the deepest feeling, the guqin becomes the connection between performing and listening,” says Wu. “Today when we talk about t 136 Chinese culture, the ancient zither, which was played by many famous people on literature, is surely in the center of the ancient culture.”
Indeed, the guqin, a p 137 musical instrument of ancient China’s educated group, was also the favorite instrument of Confucius (孔子). In 2008, it was a 138 to the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
In April, when President Xi Jinping m 139 with French President Emmanuel Macron, a classic guqin piece, High Mountain and Flowing Water, was played to celebrate the friendship between the two c 140 . The instrument not only shows the past greatness of Chinese civilization (文明), but also continues to shine today.
【答案】
131．(D)uring 132．(l)isten 133．(p)ictures 134．(e)lse 135．(e)xpress 136．(t)raditional 137．(p)opular 138．(a)dded 139．(m)et 140．(c)ountries
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古琴的历史以及它的意义。
131．句意：春秋时期，有一位音乐家，名叫俞伯牙。根据“the Spring and Autumn period”可知是在春秋时期，during“在……期间”，在句首首字母大写。故填(D)uring。
132．句意：一天，路过的樵夫钟子期被古琴声吸引，驻足聆听。根据“was attracted by the sounds of the ancient zither and stopped to”可知他停下来听俞伯牙的弹奏，listen“听”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(l)isten。
133．句意：俞的演奏在钟的脑海中创造了不同的画面，如云流飞瀑。根据“in Zhong’s mind, such as clouds flowing and waterfalls falling”可知这些都是他头脑中形成的画面，用名词复数pictures“图画”。故填(p)ictures。
134．句意：因为他知道他不会有像钟子期这样的人真正理解他的音乐。根据“anyone...like Zhong”以及所给词可知是其他人，else“其他的”。故填(e)lse。
135．句意：古琴具有表达最深切情感的力量。根据“the deepest feeling”可知是表达感情，express“表达”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(e)xpress。
136．句意：今天，当我们谈论中国传统文化时，许多文学名人演奏的古琴无疑是古代文化的中心。根据“Chinese culture”可知是中国传统文化，traditional“传统的”。故填(t)raditional。
137．句意：事实上，古琴是中国古代受教育群体的流行乐器，也是孔子最喜欢的乐器。根据“musical instrument of ancient China’s educated group”可知古琴是一种很受欢迎的乐器，popular“受欢迎的”。故填(p)opular。
138．句意：2008年，它被联合国教科文组织列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。根据“to the list of...”以及所给词可知是古琴被加入到人类非物质文化遗产名录，add“添加”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(a)dded。
139．句意：4月，习近平主席会见法国总统马克龙时，演奏了古琴经典曲目《高山流水》，庆祝两国友好。根据“President Xi Jinping...with French President Emmanuel Macron”可知是两国元首会面时，meet“会面”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(m)et。
140．句意：4月，习近平主席会见法国总统马克龙时，演奏了古琴经典曲目《高山流水》，庆祝两国友好。根据“between the two...”可知此处指中国和法国这两个国家，two后加名词复数countries“国家”。故填(c)ountries。
（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
At the dinner table, Westerners use knives and forks, while the Chinese use chopsticks. S 141 at least 3,000 years ago, chopsticks have been the eating tool for the Chinese people. Ancient Chinese used pottery pots (陶罐) to cook food during the Pottery Age. And they used branches or bamboo sticks to p 142 up the food. Later on, they developed the habit of using the chopsticks. In general, the material of chopsticks can be d 143 into five groups: bamboo and wood, metal, jade, bone and chemical plastics. In Modern Chinese family life, people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks b 144 they are good for the environment and cost a little.
Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a difference not o 145 in lifestyle. For example, the use of knives and forks makes it c 146 for people to eat individually (分别地). And the use of chopsticks makes it possible for the family members to have meals t 147 . As the Westerners prefer to eat individually, they have the idea and habit of not d 148 on others after they grow into adults. The w 149 that Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family. Nowadays, an increasing n 150 of foreign students are coming to China. They are happy to learn to use chopsticks and enjoy the pleasure of eating with friends around the table.
【答案】
141．(S)ince 142．(p)ick 143．(d)ivided 144．(b)ecause 145．(o)nly 146．(c)onvenient
147．(t)ogether 148．(d)epending 149．(w)ay 150．(n)umber
【导语】本文主要介绍了中西方使用餐具的文化差异。
141．句意：至少从3000年前开始，筷子就一直是中国人的饮食工具。根据“have been”可知，句子是现在完成时， 结合首字母可知，应填since表示“自从”，故填(S)ince。
142．句意：他们用树枝或竹竿夹起食物。根据“used branches or bamboo sticks to p...up the food.”可知古时候人们用树枝或竹竿夹起食物，此处应用动词短语pick up，动词不定式符号to后，应用动词原形。故填(p)ick。
143．句意：一般来说，筷子的材料可以分为五类：竹木、金属、玉石、骨和化学塑料。be divided into“被分为……”，是固定搭配。故填(d)ivided。
144．句意：在现代中国家庭生活中，人们更喜欢使用竹筷或木筷，因为它们对环境有益，而且价格低廉。根据“people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks b...they are good for the environment and cost a little.”可知人们现在喜欢使用竹筷或木筷是因为它们对环境有益，而且便宜。because“因为”符合语境，故填(b)ecause。
145．句意：使用刀叉或筷子带来的不仅仅是生活方式的不同。根据“Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a difference not o...in lifestyle.”以及下文介绍可知，人们使用刀叉或筷子带来的不仅仅是生活方式的不同。not only“不仅仅”，故填(o)nly。
146．句意：例如，刀叉的使用方便了人们单独吃饭。根据“the use of knives and forks makes it c...for people to eat individually (分别地).”可知刀叉很方便人们单独吃饭，convenient“方便的”，形容词作宾语补足语，故填(c)onvenient。
147．句意：筷子的使用使家庭成员一起吃饭成为可能。根据“the family members to have meals...”结合首字母可知，是指一起吃饭。together“一起”符合语境，故填(t)ogether。
148．句意：由于西方人喜欢单独吃饭，所以他们长大后有不依赖别人的观念和习惯。depend on“依赖”，是固定搭配，of是介词，后加动名词。故填(d)epending。
149．句意：中国人使用筷子和与他人一起吃饭的方式与中国家庭的生活方式有关。根据“Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family”结合首字母可知，中国人使用筷子和与他人一起吃饭的方式与中国家庭的生活方式有关。way“方式”，名词。故填(w)ay。
150．句意：如今，越来越多的外国学生来到中国。an increasing number of表示“越来越多的”。故填(n)umber。
（2023·山东东营·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
My parents got Arthur’s Family Laundromat (洗衣店) from my grandfather. It was a true family business. My father, my mother and my aunt were responsible for different jobs. E 151 my retired (退休的) grandfather helps with the cleaning now and then.
My father said that the most important machine in the Laundromat wasn’t the washing machine. It was the coffee pot by the door. The coffee was free and almost every c 152 would have a cup and chat with my family while waiting for their clean clothes. In the hours a 153 school or on weekends, it was my job to keep the coffee pot full. At least ten times each day, I would clean up the wet coffee grounds (咖啡渣), weigh 40 g of coffee beans, fill the pot with water, and turn on the coffee machine. It was such a b 154 job that I could have done it in my sleep.
I remember complaining one busy day. “W 155 do we have to give away coffee We’re a Laundromat, not a coffee shop!” I said angrily. My father was surprised at my attitude. At once he s 156 what he was doing to talk to me. With a patient but serious expression on his f 157 he spoke:
“Son, people choose our laundromat b 158 we serve them like friends. We offer them a cup of coffee. We chat with them, laugh with them and connect with them. People don’t just need a p 159 to clean their clothes. They need friendship. That is why your job is the most important job in the laundromat.”
My father’s words had the expected effect. From then on, I do the job more c 160 . After all, I had the most important job in the laundromat.
【答案】
151．(E)ven 152．(c)ustomer 153．(a)fter 154．(b)oring 155．(W)hy 156．(s)topped 157．(f)ace 158．(b)ecause 159．(p)lace 160．(c)arefully
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者家的洗衣店提供免费咖啡，作者一开始向父亲抱怨，不明白为什么洗衣店要提供免费的咖啡，理解了父亲的意图之后，认真对待冲泡咖啡的工作。
151．句意：就连我退休的祖父也偶尔帮忙打扫。根据“It was a true family business.”及“my retired (退休的) grandfather helps with the cleaning now and then.”可知，此处强调甚至退休的祖父也在帮忙打扫，even“甚至”，故填(E)ven。
152．句意：咖啡是免费的，几乎每个顾客都会在等待干净衣服的时候和我的家人喝一杯聊天。根据“waiting for their clean clothes”可知，顾客在等待干净的衣服时会和作者的家人喝一杯咖啡，customer“顾客”，根据every可知，此空应填单数名词，故填(c)ustomer。
153．句意：在放学后或周末的几个小时里，我的工作就是让咖啡壶保持满满的。根据“school or on weekends”及首字母可知，此处指在放学后或在周末，after school“放学后”，故填(a)fter。
154．句意：这是一件很无聊的工作，我睡觉的时候都能做。根据“job that I could have done it in my sleep”及首字母可知，在睡觉的时候能做，说明它是一份很无聊的工作，boring“无聊的”，故填(b)oring。
155．句意：我们为什么要送咖啡？根据“We’re a Laundromat, not a coffee shop”可知，作者认为这是一个洗衣店而不是咖啡店，不懂为什么要送咖啡，故填(W)hy。
156．句意：他立刻停下手中的工作和我说话。根据“what he was doing to talk to me”及首字母可知，父亲停止了手里的工作，而来跟作者说话，stop“停止”，描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故填(s)topped。
157．句意：他脸上带着一种耐心而严肃的表情说。根据“With a patient but serious expression on his”及首字母可知，脸上出现了一种耐心而严肃的表情，face“脸”，故填(f)ace。
158．句意：孩子，人们选择我们的洗衣店是因为我们像朋友一样服务他们。空格后“we serve them like friends”是解释人们选择作者家洗衣店的原因，故填(b)ecause。
159．句意：人们需要的不仅仅是洗衣服的地方。根据“People don’t just need a … to clean their clothes.”及首字母可知，不需要仅仅是洗衣服的地方，place“地方”，根据a可知，此空应填单数形式，故填(p)lace。
160．句意：从那时起，我更认真地做这项工作。根据“After all, I had the most important job in the laundromat”可知，听到了父亲的一席话，作者工作得更加认真了，此处副词修饰动词，carefully“认真地”，故填(c)arefully。
（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Peter Pan wishes Wendy, John and Michael, especially Wendy, would stay in Neverland forever, but finally the Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.
“Quick, Tink,” Peter whispers. “S 161 the window. Then when Wendy comes back, she will 专题20 短文首字母填空
【题型解读】
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
【解题技巧】
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。
3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：After a long hike, they went back to their camp, built a fire and cooked d5． . Finally, it was time to go to sleep.第5小题，句意：经过长时间的徒步旅行之后，他们回到营地，生火做饭。由语境和首字母提示，可知填：dinner；根据Finally, it was time to go to sleep. 最后，该睡觉了。可以推知，他们回来是做的晚饭，故答案为dinner。
4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。
各种词类填空注意事项：
1. 动词：需要注意时态、语态或非谓语动词形式
判断是否是动词的基本方法：不管句子的类型如何，英语中每个句子都有一个核心动词，去掉充当句子修饰部分的“枝叶”，留下的骨干部分，看是否为一个完整的句子，是否缺少一个核心骨动词。
2. 名词：要点注意名词单复数和属格
判断填写名词的基本方法：名词区别于其他此类的基本特征即是：名词前可以加上冠词。
3. 形容词，副词：需要注意比较级和最高级
形容词用来修饰名词，位于名词前,代词，位置可前可后，或者出现在系动词后，构成系表结构；若出现the ____ +名词，even___或 ___than...一般可认为是形容词，根据是形容词区别于其他词类的特性（比较级或最高级）。
频率副词等往往也是考查重点。常考的副词有：表强调的副词only，even，especially，still，also，always，almost，already；表否定的 hardly，never，seldom，rarely等；句中用逗号隔开的however，句后的again，together，altogether，instead，soon，anywhere等，句前的sometimes，usually等。
4. 代词: 注意人称代词，物主代词，和反身代词
在首字母填空中常填的是不定代词和反身代词，我们如果能够正确地分析句子所缺成分，这类填词很容易得分。另外，代词的填写主要集中在人称代词，物主代词以及反身代词。
5. 连词：注意在复合句中的用法
连词在首字母填空中经常出现，是用来连接一个从句的，在分析确定填连词后，翻译一下上下句，连词就可以确定了。常考的连词有b开头的but，because，before；u开头的until和unless；wh-的宾语从句的连接词；以及although，though，so等。
（2024·天津滨海新·一模）
Positive (积极的) people are usually happy. They often have a lot of friends. When they have a problem, they try to change the problem i 1 a chance. They believe things always work out. But can positive thinking really make someone’s life better Many scientists are s 2 positive thinking. They are finding out some very interesting information.
Your Health
The Mayo Clinic is a famous medical organization in the United States. It studies many things, including positive thinking. Their research proves that positive thinking has many advantages. First, positive thinking s 3 good health. Positive people don’t worry about the bad events in life, so they stay healthy. Positive people are a 4 likely to exercise and eat healthy foods. Because of this, they don’t usually get sick and don’t have many health problems.
At work Dr. Michael is a professor in Germany. His research shows that positive people do w 5 in jobs. There are several reasons for this. Positive people are creative. They don’t expect others to help them with problems. They solve problems t 6 . And positive people don’t give up. They keep trying to learn new things.
Becoming Positive
In the past, scientists thought attitude n 7 changed. Now, many psychologists think people can become more positive. There are many different ways to change. Here are some e 8 . First, think about good events in your life. At the end of a day, ask, find interesting a 9 to do. Laugh at a funny movie or read a good book. Finally, always try new things. For example, you can talk to people you don’t know or shop in a different store. Do different things every day.
A Good Life
Life can be d 10 sometimes. Don’t give up or be negative. Take action. Think about the future and make a plan. You can learn to be positive.
（2024·江苏连云港·一模）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Sometimes people come into your life and you know that they are there to teach you a lesson, or to help you understand who you are or who you want to become.
You never know these p 11 who may be a classmate, a neighbour or a friend—but when you lock your eyes on them, you know at that very moment they will i 12 your life in some ways.
Sometimes things that happen to you may seem unpleasant, painful, or worried at first. But in another way, you find that without getting over (克服) those d 13 , you would have n 14 realized your ability, strength or willpower (意志力).
The people you meet and the success you get help to c 15 who you are and who you become. Even the t 16 experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are sometimes the most i 17 ones.
If someone loves you, give love back to them in the way you can, not only because they love you, but because they are teaching you to love and how to open your h 18 and eyes to things. If someone hurts you, or breaks your heart, forgive (原谅) them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being careful of people a 19 .
You must believe that self-confidence is necessary to a person. If you’re not confident, it will be hard for o 20 to believe in you.
Learn a lesson in life each day you live!
（2024·江苏淮安·一模）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
In the recently passed winter holiday, the nickname “s 21 potatoes” which refers to “nanfang xiaotudou” has been p 22 across the country, almost everyone knows them through news, TVs or other social medias (社交媒体).
Harbin, located in northeastern China, is f 23 for its cold winter and fantastic ice sculptures. Over the past winter holiday, the city has turned itself into one of the most favourite tourist places to go in China. A 24 to He Jing, the director of the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Harbin’s tourism boom (旅游繁荣) this year is not just a coincidence (巧合), but the r 25 of years of careful preparation.
Since the beginning of 2023, the city has been developing plans to improve the tourism industry. “We t 26 immediate (立即的) action to improve whatever the visitors complain about b 27 we would like to stand in the shoes of visitors and make Harbin a better place to visit. To help visitors w 28 are not used to cold weather, we have set up many heated places for them to change clothes and p 29 free hot drinks for them. Local specially frozen pears are even cut into small pieces. We just want to impress visitors with all the small details, m 30 them feel comfortable and welcomed.” He Jing says.
Just like what Harbin did to show their unique beauty and warm hospitality (好客) to the visitors, I think every city in China is willing to do the same to make people around the world to experience the real beauty and warm hospitality of China.
（2024·山东东营·一模）
阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
ChatGPT is an AI system (系统) that can have a discussion and create written work. It can create material based on what it has learned f 31 digital books and online naissance (在线生成). Now three high school students in Cyprus have developed an u 32 robot with the help of their teachers. It is special as it uses ChatGPT AI technology.
The robot is named AInstein. It is the size of a small adult and even has a screen for a face that appears to show human facial e 33 . It speaks a North American form of English. And it can tell jokes, like “W 34 was the math book sad Because it had too many problems.” The robot enjoys reading science books and spending time playing the violin.
The creators of AInstein want to use the technology to i 35 learning experiences in the classroom. In fact, there m 36 be a place for robots in education after all. British e 37 expert Anthony Seldon predicts that robots will take over the classroom in 2027 and teachers will work as their helpers.
One thing is certain, though. A robot teacher is b 38 than no teacher at all. In some parts of the world, there aren’t e 39 teachers and 9—16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school. That problem could be partly s 40 by robots, because they can teach anywhere and won’t get stressed, or tired, or move somewhere for an easier, higher-paid job.
（2024·天津红桥·一模）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
As a book lover, I’ve tried both paper books and e-books. Both give you the p 41 of reading, but the experience can be different.
Many people prefer reading paper books because they are easy to b 42 from bookshops and comfortable to read. Paper books also allow readers to make n 43 easily. H 44 , some books, such as dictionaries, can be heavy and are not easy to carry around.
Compared w 45 paper books, e-books benefit (有助于) students in many aspects. E-books can be s 46 in a reader (电子阅读器), which is much lighter. Many e-book readers also have a dictionary for you to c 47 new words quickly! However, you can only g 48 e-books online. Unlike paper books, you must read e-books on an e-book reader, a computer, or a smartphone. This adds extra cost. Moreover (此外), your eyes can get t 49 easily when you read e-books on the screen for a long time.
Although more people will try e-books, I believe paper books will not disappear. In my opinion, it doesn’t matter which you use as l 50 as it allows you to enjoy reading.
（2023·江苏镇江·一模）
短文填空
The English cultural and tourism magazine “Jiangsu Glimpses” has published a new one. It recommends beautiful museums, d 51 food, fun routes and spring folk customs in Jiangsu.
What winter takes from here, spring will give it b 52 . After a winter of resting, the flowers in Jiangsu are budding（含苞待放） and the ducks can also f 53 the warmth of the spring river.
It has become a habit for Chinese t 54 to come to Jiangsu to see flowers in spring. The city flower of Nanjing, plum blossom, now is all around on the Meihua Mountain. “Fure Flower Sea” in Zhenjiang i 55 many flower fields which are like a colorful blanket. Spring comes and shines on the branches of these flowers in the south of the Yangtze River.
Tea is another g 56 that comes with the spring of Jiangnan. Many teas with poetic and beautiful n 57 are all from Jiangsu, such as Suzhou’s Biluochun tea, Nanjing’s Yuhua tea and Zhenjiang’s Jinshancuiya tea. During this period, the tea field provides nice teas and p 58 places for people to have fun. The tea has special taste b 59 different tea trees are planted in different planting sites. Nowadays, people can look for tasty tea and enjoy the best s 60 in Jiangsu, including transportation, accommodation（住宿）, sightseeing, and food. In addition to the tea fields, tourists can also walk into the tea houses and museums or picturesque villages around them.
（2023·江苏盐城·二模）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
In 2011, a tsunami hit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (福岛第一核电站) in Japan, l 61 to big nuclear damage (损害). To stop further problems, Japan d 62 to use water to cool the damaged reactors (反应堆).
Now, more than 1.3 million tons of water—enough to fill 500 Olympic-sized swimming pools have been used since t 63 . It’s still going up with more than 100 tons every day. The water is p 64 by radioactive (放射性的) materials and is kept in storage tanks.
Without enough space to store the tanks, Japan said that it would release the wastewater into the Pacific Ocean this spring. On March 17, part of the equipment to release the wastewater started operation for the f 65 time, according to Japanese media TV Asahi.
This decision has caused a number of hot d 66 . The Japanese government insisted that the radionuclides (放射性核素) in the wastewater will have been mostly cleared. So it is safe to release the water into the ocean and it won’t be bad for the environment.
H 67 , not everyone agrees with this decision. Japan’s environmental groups and f 68 worry about the sea life and the fishing industry there, the BBC reported.
Some neighbouring countries, s 69 as South Korea, are worried about the possible problems brought on their own fishing industries and the environment. China, along with Russia, asked Japan a list of technical questions on the plan in May 2022. But the Japanese side was unable to answer these questions or talk f 70 about the matter.
On March 14, the Chinese Foreign Ministry once again denounced (谴责) Japan’s decision to release the wastewater into the sea.
（2023·山西太原·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you h 71 of “third-hand” smoke
Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces(表面) of things around, 1 72 furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco(烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette(香烟) has been put out. This can c 73 a great danger to your family, especially younger children.
B 74 are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is because they are often close to surfaces of things, such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t 75 these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to r 76 third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict r 77 for forbidding(禁止) smoking inside homes should be carried out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes outside the h 78 . Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f 79 smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house.
Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby. Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn’t mean he or she is s 80 . Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.
（2023·江苏扬州·三模）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
The Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is located in Yangzhou’s Sanwan Park and i 81 a four-story building in the shape of a ship, and a 100-meter-tall pagoda.
D 82 by architect(建筑师) Zhang Jinqiu, who is a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the museum is o 83 by Nanjing Museum and has been open to the public since July 16, 2021.
“The museum will make the most of the Grand Canal’s long h 84 and views,” said Xu Rong, chief engineer of the China Northwest Architecture Design and Research Institute.
The museum c 85 over 130,000 square meters with an exhibition area of 18,000 square meters. It has 11 themed exhibitions, t 86 the history of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals connect southern and northern China, which c 87 to be used for transport, irrigation and flood control.
So far, the Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum has 10,000 exhibits, including 20 groups of large ones, making it the b 88 collection to show the huge scale(规模) of the canal and h 89 people changed nature.
In these unique exhibitions,we can understand the past and present of the canal. At the same time, we can enjoy the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. This is the best place for people to feel the c 90 of the canal.
（2023·江苏盐城·三模）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
It was a cold and rainy day. I finished my work late and dragged home. I threw myself deep into the sofa. I was too tired to c 91 anything for myself, so I ordered a pot of chicken upon my phone.
Half an hour later, a delivery worker c 92 me that he’d arrived. I went out to pick up the food. I walked s 93 because I thought he would leave the food at the gate of my community and leave in a hurry.
As I went to the gate, I saw him w 94 in the pouring rain without an umbrella. The rain kept falling down on his face, his foot, and his y 95 uniform. He was in his twenties. He looked tired.
“Chicken soup ”he asked.
I nodded and he handed the f 96 to me with shivering（颤抖的）and watery finger.
“Why didn’t you leave earlier to find some s 97 from the rain ” I asked.
“I work to bring food safely to our c 98 . For us, one of the most things is to satisfy their needs.” he said with a smile on his face. Then he turned around and d 99 in the rain.
The cold rain kept falling, but a wisp（缕）of w 100 rose in my heart. Around us there are many common people like him who do their jobs every day, even when their work is really tough. They never forget to bring us convenience and kindness.
（2023·江苏镇江·二模）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
When I asked my mum and dad if I could go to Kavos with some of my friends for a week, the last thing I thought they would say was “yes”. And at first, they didn’t. They just went on and on about all of the p 101 dangers. So I tried to change their minds. I said to them, “If you were w 102 about the possibility of me falling off a wall and dying in Kavos, then why weren’t you also worried about the possibility of the same thing happening to me in London ”
Finally, they agreed—unwillingly.
After having left my luggage (行李) in my room, I e 103 our resort (度假村) with my friends. Everyone spoke English and e 104 looked like a cheap American film set. It was just w 105 we all needed after a long year of busy schedules.
I promised my parents I wouldn’t go out every nights. B 106 once you’re here, it just can’t be helped. Every one of us wanted to make the most of the week of freedom. At some point, I think we did get a bit too c 107 .
I still wonder if my parents were happy with their d 108 . I won’t be surprised if my mum still r 109 it. But I did have a wonderful holiday.
I think the e 110 made my parents realize that at some point, they have to let go. We have to be given the chance to make our own mistakes and to learn for ourselves what the world is really all about.
（2023·江苏盐城·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Fu Ting lost her right arm in an accident when she was 3. At the a 111 of 13, she went to a sports school in Xiangtan, Hunan Province. She began swimming t 112 there. Fu Ting took part in Athens 2004 Paralympic Games and other events d 113 her years as an athlete, and won 18 gold medals.
After retiring in 2004, Fu Ting decided to e 114 a university to study law. Through hard work, she graduated and worked as a lawyer. In 2017, Fu Ting set up a service group, p 115 free legal(法律的) help for the disabled. At the s 116 time, she also joined a volunteer group, sharing her life stories in primary and secondary schools, giving legal speeches in communities, in order to encourage more people to help those disabled people in n 117 .
“In the face of the disabled, we should first ‘respect’ and t 118 ‘help’,” Fu Ting said. “I’m h 119 to help them with my own experience and knowledge. And I hope they can help make o 120 country better. I believe I will keep on doing that.”
（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
The movie Home Coming took the lead in the box office during the National Day holiday.
It tells a story that took place in North Africa. After a war breaks out there, two Chinese diplomats（外交官）are o 121 to help evacuate（撤离）the overseas Chinese. After completing the first task successfully, they learn that another group of Chinese citizens is still in great d 122 . Realising that these people will die if they don’t give a hand, the two men travel through the war area. They r 123 their lives to help over 100 Chinese citizens go to a safe place. The movie not only shows how the two diplomats protect the people w 124 courage, but also shows their deep love for the country and people.
Home Coming reminds many people of a similar real event which truly h 125 in Libya in 2011. Chinese Embassy helped the evacuation of more than 30,000 Chinese citizens. Behind this event were many e 126 of Chinese diplomats. After watching the film, a man recalled his personal e 127 11 years ago. “We are the lucky ones b 128 we have a strong country and are well protected,” he said.
Home Coming is a hit partly because of the growing national pride and c 129 Chinese people have in our country. A review reads, “Chinese passport might not get you anywhere you want, but it can always b 130 you back home.”
（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Moving the strings (弦) of the nation’s heart
When talking about the history of the guqin, Wu Wenguang, a famous performer of the ancient zither (古筝), likes to tell a folk story about the sincere friendship between a musician and his biggest fan.
D 131 the Spring and Autumn period, there was a musician named Yu Boya. He lived alone in a forest where he often played the guqin. One day, a passing woodcutter, Zhong Ziqi, was attracted by the sounds of the ancient zither and stopped to l 132 . It was the best that he once heard. Yu’s playing created different p 133 in Zhong’s mind, such as clouds flowing and waterfalls falling. They became good friends. After many years, when Zhong Ziqi passed away, Yu decided never to play the guqin again because he knew that he wouldn’t have anyone e 134 like Zhong to so truly understand his music.
“With the power to e 135 the deepest feeling, the guqin becomes the connection between performing and listening,” says Wu. “Today when we talk about t 136 Chinese culture, the ancient zither, which was played by many famous people on literature, is surely in the center of the ancient culture.”
Indeed, the guqin, a p 137 musical instrument of ancient China’s educated group, was also the favorite instrument of Confucius (孔子). In 2008, it was a 138 to the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
In April, when President Xi Jinping m 139 with French President Emmanuel Macron, a classic guqin piece, High Mountain and Flowing Water, was played to celebrate the friendship between the two c 140 . The instrument not only shows the past greatness of Chinese civilization (文明), but also continues to shine today.
（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
At the dinner table, Westerners use knives and forks, while the Chinese use chopsticks. S 141 at least 3,000 years ago, chopsticks have been the eating tool for the Chinese people. Ancient Chinese used pottery pots (陶罐) to cook food during the Pottery Age. And they used branches or bamboo sticks to p 142 up the food. Later on, they developed the habit of using the chopsticks. In general, the material of chopsticks can be d 143 into five groups: bamboo and wood, metal, jade, bone and chemical plastics. In Modern Chinese family life, people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks b 144 they are good for the environment and cost a little.
Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a difference not o 145 in lifestyle. For example, the use of knives and forks makes it c 146 for people to eat individually (分别地). And the use of chopsticks makes it possible for the family members to have meals t 147 . As the Westerners prefer to eat individually, they have the idea and habit of not d 148 on others after they grow into adults. The w 149 that Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family. Nowadays, an increasing n 150 of foreign students are coming to China. They are happy to learn to use chopsticks and enjoy the pleasure of eating with friends around the table.
（2023·山东东营·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
My parents got Arthur’s Family Laundromat (洗衣店) from my grandfather. It was a true family business. My father, my mother and my aunt were responsible for different jobs. E 151 my retired (退休的) grandfather helps with the cleaning now and then.
My father said that the most important machine in the Laundromat wasn’t the washing machine. It was the coffee pot by the door. The coffee was free and almost every c 152 would have a cup and chat with my family while waiting for their clean clothes. In the hours a 153 school or on weekends, it was my job to keep the coffee pot full. At least ten times each day, I would clean up the wet coffee grounds (咖啡渣), weigh 40 g of coffee beans, fill the pot with water, and turn on the coffee machine. It was such a b 154 job that I could have done it in my sleep.
I remember complaining one busy day. “W 155 do we have to give away coffee We’re a Laundromat, not a coffee shop!” I said angrily. My father was surprised at my attitude. At once he s 156 what he was doing to talk to me. With a patient but serious expression on his f 157 he spoke:
“Son, people choose our laundromat b 158 we serve them like friends. We offer them a cup of coffee. We chat with them, laugh with them and connect with them. People don’t just need a p 159 to clean their clothes. They need friendship. That is why your job is the most important job in the laundromat.”
My father’s words had the expected effect. From then on, I do the job more c 160 . After all, I had the most important job in the laundromat.
（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Peter Pan wishes Wendy, John and Michael, especially Wendy, would stay in Neverland forever, but finally the Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.
“Quick, Tink,” Peter whispers. “S 161 the window. Then when Wendy comes back, she will think her mother doesn’t love her anymore, and she will return to Neverland with me.”
Mrs. Darling is playing the piano. Peter didn’t know the tune, Home, Sweet Home, b 162 he knows it’s saying, “Come back, Wendy, Wendy, Wendy.” Peter looks through the door and sees two big tears in Mrs. Darling’s eyes.
“She loves Wendy,” he thinks. “But I love Wendy, too. We c 163 both have her.”
He looks at Mrs. Darling again. The two tears are still sitting on her e 164 .
“Oh, all right,” he says at last, sadly. Then he opens the window.
When Wendy, John, and Michael arrive, they find the window o 165 for them. They all get into bed to surprise their mother.
When Mrs. Darling goes back to the children’s room, they are all in their beds. They wait for her to say something, but she says n 166 . She thinks she is dreaming. She sits by the fire.
The children are so w 167 . Why isn’t their mother happy to see them again All three of them jump out of bed, run to her and shout, “Mother!” She realizes she is not d 168 anymore. Mr. Darling and Nana come in. They are all so happy. Peter w 169 them from the window but he is looking at something he will never have.
Many years pass. When Peter visits Wendy again, she has g 170 up and has a daughter of her own. Peter is still a boy who can’t grow up.
—Taken from Peter Pan
（2023·天津·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is p 171 with some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good r 172 to smile often.
First, it is e 173 to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles (肌肉) to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your f 174 a rest and smile!
Second, smiles are nice. People may try to l 175 nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However, people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be a 176 someone who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have power (感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s 177 from one person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person laughs, people tend (往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is s 178 , the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.
F 179 , smiling and laughing are very good for the body. Even though you are sad, try smiling. You’ll find that it will be difficult to s 180 sad for very long!
（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
I grew up in the countryside. At around 10 years old, I began to learn cooking. The first skill I mastered was making dough（面团）. Since my parents often came home l 181 , a prepared dough would help my family have supper sooner. I thought it would be e 182 because I often saw my mum do it — just mix water and flour, right Not quite! It turned out to be a m 183 for a while. First I made the dough too soft. Then I made it too hard. But as I kept trying, I learned the trick.
Later, I cooked fried dishes and things like dumplings and I f 184 in love with cooking. It’s a good way to relax. More importantly, thanks to my cooking skill, I live better d 185 the COVID-19 pandemic. Now working at home, I cook every meal instead of ordering takeout. It s 186 money and I don’t have to wait for delivery drivers to feed me.
Besides cooking, I did a lot of f 187 work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables. T 188 it was hard work, the experience taught me things that many of my friends still don’t know. For example, the part of a potato that has sprouts（芽）can be planted as a seed. I once discussed this with my friends from the city. They thought it was a p 189 that they didn’t have the chance to learn these things in their lives.
Some might say we can learn these things from textbooks. But it can’t compare to the j 190 of learning firsthand, watching plants blossom and grow. It brings a new way to look at the world.
（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。
It was a beautiful fall day. I was out riding my bicycle. I guessed I rode over a hole in the road. All of a sudden, WHAM(砰)! I fell off my bicycle. My right side really h 191 !
My head hit the ground h 192 . I lay there for a few minutes. I tried to get up, b 193 I failed! “There must be s 194 wrong with me,” I thought. I felt so t 195 that I had to still lie there. Then I saw b 196 on my shoe. My hand and knee were bleeding.
As I lay there, I took off my helmet. There was a sharp rock sticking out of it. I looked at it in f 197 . Thank goodness I wore my helmet!
I shouted for help. At that time, a truck went by. The driver s 198 his truck and came to help me. He put my bicycle in the back of his truck and drove me to the hospital.
When my mother got to the hospital, she gave me a big hug(拥抱). “I’m so glad you were wearing your helmet. The helmet saved your life,” she said. She knew I was c 199 before and did not always wear my helmet. “Mum, it was not the helmet i 200 that saved my life, but safety awareness did. I’ll ride my bicycle with great care later on!”
