专题08 语法填空
语法填空题一共有10个空,其中有6~7个空考查实词,括号内有给出相关的词,另外的3~4个空为考查虚词,不给出相关的词。此题型主要考查学生对语法和词法知识的掌握和运用。要注意不同词性的构词法,学会分析空格里的词在句子中的成分也很重要。其考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种：
1.给出提示词的考查内容包括：词性转换（如名词、动词、形容词与副词等的词性转换）；名词单、复数变化；形容词和副词的比较等级变化；动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词等。
2.不给出提示词的考查内容包括：根据上下文语境填入冠词、副词、连词、代词及介词等。
一、（2023浙江湖州中考真题）
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms (节气). Thousands of years ago, they 1 (create) to help with farming, but the solar term culture is still very 2 (use) today to people’s life. Grain Buds is 3 eighth solar term of a year. It means that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe. This year Grain Buds falls 4 May 21st, and lasts 16 days. Here are some things you may not know about Grain Buds.
A good season for eating fish
A saying about rain during this time says, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full. “Because of a lot of rain, rivers are full of water and a great number of fish. You can’t miss the chance 5 (enjoy) them. Also, it is such a golden season for 6 (fisherman)!
Suggestions on health
Wet and hot days 7 (be) common in this season. It may make you get skin illnesses easily. It is necessary to take more exercise. Walking, jogging and practicing tai chi are popular.
A key period for flower caring
It is a good period for flowers to grow 8 (rapid). Caring for your garden becomes even 9 (important) than any other time. 10 you take good care of them, your plants will be healthier.
【答案】
1．were created 2．useful 3．the 4．on 5．to enjoy 6．fishermen 7．are 8．rapidly 9．more important 10．If
【导语】本文介绍了小满这个节气。
1．句意：几千年前，人们创造节气是为了帮助农业，但是节气文化在今天对人们的生活仍然非常有用。they指代“24 solar terms”，与动词create之间是被动关系，结合“Thousands of years ago”可知，此处用一般过去时被动语态，根据they可知，助动词用were，故填were created。
2．句意：几千年前，人们创造节气是为了帮助农业，但是节气文化在今天对人们的生活仍然非常有用。is后接形容词作表语，useful“有用的”，故填useful。
3．句意：小满是一年中的第八个节气。序数词eighth前要加the，故填the。
4．句意：今年的小满落在5月21日，持续16天。“May 21st”是具体的一天，时间介词用on，故填on。
5．句意：你不能错过享受它们的机会。此空作名词chance的定语，应填动词不定式，故填to enjoy。
6．句意：此外，这也是渔民的黄金季节。fisherman“渔民”，可数名词，此空应填复数形式表示泛指，故填fishermen。
7．句意：潮湿和炎热的天气在这个季节很常见。此句是一般现在时，and连接并列主语，be动词用are，故填are。
8．句意：这是花卉快速生长的好时期。此空修饰动词grow，应该填副词rapidly“迅速地”，故填rapidly。
9．句意：照料你的花园变得比任何时候都更重要。根据than可知，此空应填比较级，故填more important。
10．句意：如果你好好照顾它们，你的植物会更健康。“you take good care of them”是“your plants will be healthier”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。
二、（2023·浙江衢州·中考真题）
阅读下面材料，按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。
Mr. Smith is our school gardener. He is 11 old man with a head of white hair. He works hard 12 (make) our school green and lively. No matter in the winter cold or in the summer heat, he is never late 13 work. He goes to work early in the morning and only leaves in the evening.
Every day, he 14 (wear) a grey hat and a pair of blue trousers. He cleans the leaves in the garden three 15 (time) a day. He also plants trees and waters flowers. When he is working, he is very serious. He even gets angry when we try to talk to 16 (he). He is always quiet during his working time.
17 , he becomes a different person after finishing all the work. He will talk to us about his family and friends 18 (happy). He always puts a smile on our faces, just like our dear grandfather.
Mr. Smith makes our school 19 (beautiful) than before and we are glad to have such a school gardener. He 20 (love) by everyone in our school.
【答案】
11．an 12．to make 13．for 14．wears 15．times 16．him 17．However 18．happily 19．more beautiful 20．is loved
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者学校的园丁——史密斯先生。
11．句意：他是个白发苍苍的老人。此处表示泛指，且old是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
12．句意：他努力工作，使我们的学校绿色和生气勃勃。“努力工作”的目的是为了“让学校变得好看”，所以用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to make。
13．句意：无论冬天寒冷还是夏天炎热，他上班从不迟到。be late for“迟到”，固定搭配，故填for。
14．句意：每天，他戴着一顶灰色的帽子和穿着一条蓝色的裤子。根据“Every day”可知，此句是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单，故填wears。
15．句意：他一天三次清理花园里的树叶。three times a day“一天三次”，表示频率，故填times。
16．句意：当我们试图和他说话时，他甚至会生气。介词to后接宾格him，故填him。
17．句意：然而，在完成所有的工作后，他变成了一个不同的人。“he becomes a different person after finishing all the work”与前文是转折关系，此空后有逗号，应填副词however表示“然而”，故填However。
18．句意：他会愉快地和我们谈论他的家人和朋友。此空修饰动词talk，应填副词happily“开心地”，故填happily。
19．句意：史密斯先生使我们的学校比以前更美丽，我们很高兴有这样的学校园丁。make sth+形容词，表示“使某物……”，根据than可知，此空应填形容词比较级，故填more beautiful。
20．句意：他受到我们学校每个人的喜爱。根据by everyone可知，此处用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，故此处应用一般现在时被动语态，主语he是第三人称单数形式，助动词用is，故填is loved。
三、（2023·浙江丽水·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Kendall Rae Johnson spends a lot of time playing in the dirt. She has 21 huge garden that produces over 100 pounds of food each year!
Kendall Rae 22 (begin) gardening at age three, when her great-grandmother gave her some fresh collard greens. Kendall Rae says, “Grandma Kate told 23 (I), ‘Don’t throw away the stems, because if you put them in the ground, they will grow back.’” She tried it and the stems 24 (real) grew new leaves.
Soon after, her parents put in a backyard garden. 25 her friends came to their house, Kendall Rae enjoyed sharing what she knew about farming. She says, “My friends would help me water 26 care for the plants. They started to enjoy farming, too.” At age six, she became the youngest certified farmer 27 her hometown.
Today, her garden has grown to include sixty plant beds and twelve 28 (tree)! When the vegetables and fruits are ripe(成熟), Kendall Rae sells some of them 29 (make) money. She also invites people who don’t have enough food to take what they need. “If 30 (many) kids join us, our community will surely become better,” says Kendall Rae. “Growing food takes a lot of work, but together we can do it.”
【答案】
21．а 22．began 23．me 24．really 25．When 26．and 27．in 28．trees 29．to make 30．more
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍喜欢种植的肯德尔·雷·约翰逊。
21．句意：她有一个巨大的花园，每年生产超过100磅的食物！此处泛指一个花园，huge首字母发辅音音素，故填а。
22．句意：肯德尔·雷三岁时开始园艺，当时她的曾祖母给了她一些新鲜的羽衣甘蓝。根据“at age three”可知，是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填began。
23．句意：肯德尔·雷说：“凯特奶奶告诉我，‘不要扔掉茎，因为如果你把它们埋在地里，它们会重新长出来的。’”此处在动词后作宾语，用宾格，故填me。
24．句意：她试了试，茎真的长出了新叶。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填really。
25．句意：当朋友们来她家做客时，肯德尔·雷喜欢分享她对农业的了解。根据“...her friends came to their house, Kendall Rae enjoyed sharing what she knew about farming.”可知，当朋友们来做客时，肯德尔·雷会分享对农业的了解，用when引导时间状语从句。故填When。
26．句意：我的朋友会帮我浇水和照顾植物。前后构成并列关系，用and连接，故填and。
27．句意：六岁时，她成为了家乡最年轻的持证农民。in her hometown“在她的家乡”，故填in。
28．句意：今天，她的花园已经发展到包括60个植物床和12棵树！twelve修饰可数名词复数，故填trees。
29．句意：当蔬菜和水果成熟时，肯德尔·雷会卖掉一些来赚钱。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故填to make。
30．句意：如果有更多的孩子加入我们，我们的社区肯定会变得更好。根据“our community will surely become better”可知，此处应使用比较级，more“更多”符合语境，故填more。
动词【两大方向：谓语动词与非谓语动词】：
时态 + 语态
（依据1：前后文的时态和形式，或者时间状语；
依据2：特殊句型；
依据3：前后文的被动关系）
非谓语动词的三种形式 [doing,，done，to do]（根据固定的搭配形式来改变动词形式，如want to do就要把do变to do，finish doing就要把do变doing）
【注意】实义动词与实义动词是不可能以两个动词原形的形式直接衔接在一起的，后面一个一定会变形。
比如实义动词want，play，practice在一起，可以形成want play（错），want to play（对），practice to play（错），practice playing（对）
因此，当做到动词题的时候一定要往前一个词看，找是否有实义动词，如果有，则横线上填写的动词肯定是非谓语动词的三种形式之一。【…动词 ______(动词)】
如果横线与前一个动词之间还夹着别的成分，那需要按着语法来判断。【…动词 + 代词/名词 + ______(动词)】
【用to do的其他形式】
1、后置定语（动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面）
如： 1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会 2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法
3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间 4、something to eat 一些吃的东西
5、something to drink 一些喝的东西 6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作
7、get / have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
2、It’s+形容词（adj.）+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样
【分析】形容词（adj.）修饰文中的事情既to do sth时，人前的介词用for ； 但是如果形容词（adj.）修饰文中的人既sb时，人前面的介词用of.
①It’s hard for me to learn English well.（句子 hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn English well，意为学好英语难，所以用的介词是for sb.）
②It’s kind of you to help me.（句中kind“善良的”修饰you(人) 意为你善良，所以介词用of sb.）
3、It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
4、It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
【示例】
After learning the devil would come again to his home village on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, he went back. He 4 (lead) the people from his village up a mountain. He asked them 5 (carry) zhuyu and drink some chrysanthemum wine.
………………..
The whole village celebrated, because they 8 (save) by the brave young man. That is why today the festival is connected with mountain climbing, zhuyu and chrysanthemum wine.
【答案】 4．led 5．to carry 8．were saved
【导语】本文主要介绍了重阳节的那些习俗的背后故事。
4．句意：他带领村民上山。根据“he went back”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，lead的过去式是led，故填led。
5．句意：他让他们拿着茱萸，喝点菊花酒。ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式，故填to carry。
8．句意：全村的人都在庆祝，因为他们被那个勇敢的年轻人救了。根据“by”和“The whole village celebrated”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，且是被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were，故填were saved。
Nie gets up early and comes home late every day. 56 (look) for macaques, he walks around the forest.
【答案】 56．To look
56．句意：为了寻找猕猴，他在森林里走来走去。此处用动词不定式to look作目的状语，句子开头首字母大写。故填To look。
Finally, the great man succeeded in 18 (deal) with a lot of difficulties and went out of the island because of his fighting spirit and hard work.
【答案】18．dealing
18．句意：最后，由于他的战斗精神和努力工作，这位伟人成功地克服了许多困难，走出了孤岛。deal“应对”，succeed in doing sth“成功地做某事”，故填dealing。
So far, China’s forest 70 (increase) by over 70,000,000 hectares (公顷). One tree after another, these people built a green Great Wall.
【答案】70．has increased
70．句意：到目前为止，中国的森林面积增加了2万多公顷。increase“增加”，根据“So far”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是China’s forest，助动词用has。故填has increased。
名词考点：
名词的形式变化主要有可数名词单数复数、名词所有格、词性转变、固定搭配。
名词单复数（依据：横线前有表示复数的词如a few，lots of，these，those，或者数量词等，或者there be句型中be动词为复数are或were形式）
名词所有格（依据：横线后又是名词且提示词的名词对后面的名词不形成修饰关系，而形成从属关系）
名词词性变化（依据：根据前后文词性判断名词是否要变化成相应的形容词、副词、动词等）
【示例】
Many men in this situation would want their 164 (wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about others before himself. This made me start to respect him.
【答案】wives
164．句意：很多处于这种情况的男人都希望他们的妻子留在孩子身边，但我爸爸总是先考虑别人，然后再考虑自己。根据“Many men”可知此处用名词复数wives“妻子”。故填wives。
“The hard life had not only given me the courage to face so many 26 （difficulty）and challenges, but also inspired（鼓舞）me to chase my dream.”
【答案】difficulties
26．句意：艰苦的生活不仅让我有勇气面对如此多的困难和挑战，也激励我追逐梦想。many后加可数名词复数形式，所以此空应填difficulty“困难”的复数形式，故填difficulties。
They are not only good scenery, but also friends of local people and 60 (tourist)
【答案】tourists
60．句意：它们不仅是好风景，也是当地人和游客的朋友。根据“but also friends of local people and ... (tourist)”可知此处表示当地人和游客的朋友，此处用复数形式tourists。故填tourists。
They wore 66 (hat), scarves and goggles (护目镜) all the time. In summer, it was so hot that the workers had to lie down on the ground next to their cars to cool off.
【答案】hats
66．句意：他们一直戴着帽子、围巾和护目镜。根据“scarves and goggles”可知此处用名词复数hats“帽子”。故填hats。
It was 84 (danger). He took a big breath and swam back to save them.
【答案】dangerous
84．句意：它很危险。danger“危险”，名词，此处应用形容词dangerous“危险的”作表语。故填dangerous。
And she even didn’t want to go home when we were leaving. It was really a 80 (wonder) day.
【答案】 80．wonderful
80．句意：这真是美好的一天。此处填形容词修饰名词day，wonder是名词，其形容词形式是wonderful。故填wonderful。
形容词与副词考点：
形容词比较级与最高级（依据1：比较级看句子中是否有than，最高级看形容词前面是否有the或后面有没有in/of+范围的形式。依据2：横线前有even，much、a little/bit等后面需要用比较级的词）
固定句型（常见的为比较级的相关句型：the more…the more…，more and more。表示建议的句型：had better do sth。表示状态的句型：主语+ be + adj + to do）
形容词副词化（依据：提示词为形容词，空格后有谓语动词或者形容词；或者空格位于句首，用逗号隔开）
动词的ing与ed形式（依据：横线前有be动词或是后面有名词，则用ing形式；横线前有人称代词或人名，则用ed形式）
否定变化（如happy变成unhappy）】
注意：形容词是修饰名词的，而副词是修饰动词、形容词与副词本身的。
【示例】
The new school is much better than my old school in Cuba, such as it is 143 (big) and more beautiful than my old one.
【答案】143．bigger
143．句意：因为它比我的老学校更大、更漂亮。根据“more beautiful”可知此处用比较级bigger“更大”。故填bigger。
16 (unlucky), after he grew up, he actually lived on an island for 28 years, where no people lived.
【答案】16．Unluckily
16．句意：不幸的是，他长大后，他在一个无人居住的小岛上生活了28年。unlucky“不幸的”，是形容词，此处修饰整个句子，用副词，故填Unluckily。
Three months 27 （late）, he went to an Air Force flight college in Baoding, Hebei province.
【答案】 27．later
27．句意：三个月后，他去了河北保定的一所空军飞行学院。根据“Three months..., he went to an Air Force flight college in Baoding, Hebei province.”可知，此处表示三个月后，three months later“三个月后”，故填later。
Tai Chi is a symbol of Chinese culture. It was first developed in China as wushu, but it’s becoming one of the 46 (popular) sports around the world.
【答案】46．most popular
46．句意：它最初是作为武术在中国被发展的，但是它正在成为世界各地最受欢迎的运动之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“最……之一”，所以此处形容词应用其最高级，故填most popular。
Nie is like a parent, and all the macaques are like his children. “The macaques are 59 (love) and cute.
【答案】59．lovely
59．句意：猕猴很可爱。根据“... and cute”可知and连接并列形容词作表语，love的形容词形式lovely，意为“可爱的”。故填lovely。
代词考点：
宾格（横线在谓语动词后面）
形容词性物主代词（横线后面有名词）
名词性物主代词（横线后面没有名词，前面有of或者前面有be动词等动词）
反身代词（横线前有和括号里同一类的且做主语成分的代词，此时把括号内的代词改为反身代词）
不定代词（一般以some/ever/any + thing为主，其次是others，another）
【示例】
It was difficult to plant trees here. The workers had to cover 65 (them) or their mouths would be full of sand.
【答案】65．themselves
65．句意：工人们必须把自己盖住，否则他们的嘴里就会充满沙子。根据“The workers had to cover...”可知工人要盖住他们自己，用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
Then I saw 88 (he) come up out of the water like a dolphin.
【答案】88．him
88．句意：然后我看见他像海豚一样从水里浮上来。he“他”，人称代词主格，动词saw“看见”后用人称代词宾格him作宾语。故填him。
How 98 （they） use was introduced to other countries is not known.
【答案】 98．their
98．句意：它们的使用是如何被引入其他国家的，目前还不清楚。根据名词use可知，这里应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
Who should you write to Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive 133 (you) letter.
【答案】 133．your
133．句意：父母或最好的朋友也会很乐意收到你的信。此处在句中作定语修饰letter，用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。
Many men in this situation would want their wives to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about 165 (other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.
【答案】 165．others
165．句意：很多处于这种情况的男人都希望他们的妻子留在孩子身边，但我爸爸总是先考虑别人，然后再考虑自己。根据“thinks about...”可知是考虑其他人，others“其他人”。故填others。
During 17 (that) years, he had to experience hunger and fight against natural disasters (灾害).
【答案】17．those
句意：在那些年里，他必须经历了饥饿和与自然灾害作斗争。that“那个”，其复数形式是those，修饰复数名词years，用those，故填those。
数量词考点：
基数词变序数词（横线前一般有the）
基数词变次数（一般只考once，twice）
单位词变复数（主要是百-hundred，千-thousand，百万-million，十亿-billion的用法）
注意： 300名学生——three hundred students（此时hundred后无s）
成百上千名学生——hundreds of students（hundred后有了of则要加s）
成百上千名学生——hundreds upon hundreds of students
【示例】
Last weekend, it was my little sister Anna’s 71 (nine) birthday. She kept asking us to take her out to play. It was a lovely day in spring. After a discussion, we decided to pick strawberries on a farm.
【答案】71．ninth
71．句意：上个周末，是我妹妹安娜九岁的生日。表达几岁生日时，birthday前面用序数词。故填ninth。
介词考点：
单一介词（即介词表示某种具体的含义，如方向或时间，能够根据上下文含义推理出来）
动词、形容词、介词词组中的固定搭配，例如：come/be from，fall in love with……
注意：介词的判断依据除了看有没有词组，还可以依靠横线后的词性，因为介词后面只能接名词性质的词，所以后面要么是名词和代词，要么是动词ing形式。
【示例】
He suggested me going there 37 foot because it was not far.
【答案】 37．on
37．句意：他建议我步行去那里，因为那里不远。on foot意为“步行”，故填on。
Tai Chi is a fun exercise, easy to learn, and people don’t have to be good 49 it to enjoy it. He loves the feeling of calm he gets from it.
【答案】49．at
49．句意：Caitlin，一个年轻的德国初学者说太极是一个有趣的运动，易学，人们不需要擅长它就可以享受它。根据“easy to learn”和“and”可知，be good at“擅长于”符合语境，故填at。
连词考点：
根据词性判断（空格两边词性或结构一致，大概率是并列连词；一个长句被逗号或横线隔开，左右两边结构完整，有可能是从属连词构成的复合句）
根据逻辑判断（并列连词都是有很强的逻辑性的，可以根据上下文的意思来判断）
第一看横线前后的词性结构是否一致，如It makes us smart and healthy。此时smart和healthy就属于词性结构一致。
第二看横线前后是否有完整的主谓（宾）结构，如I don't like her because she smokes too much。 左边主谓宾完整，右边主谓完整。
最后看逻辑关系，如果满足第一或第二，只需要把平常常考的连词代入去想就可以了。
【连词总结】and（常与both组合出现），or（常与either组合出现），but（常与also组合出现，形成not only…but also…），nor（常与neither组合出现），because，so等
注意：however是副词，常用作连词使用，出现的形式是单独在句首，用逗号与后文隔开：however，后句。也可能是放在中间，左右都用逗号隔开：前句，however，后句
【示例】
The “red spirit” has a deep influence on lots of Chinese people, both old 41 young.
【答案】41．and
41．句意：“红色精神”深深地影响着许多中国人，包括老年人和年轻人。“both...and...”意为“……和……都”，故填and。
However, forks were not used in England 97 1611. Chopsticks originated in China, and are used in all Asian cultures.
【答案】 97．until
97．句意：然而，直到1611年，叉子才在英国使用。考查“not until”直到……才。故填until。
And in some areas in India, people do not celebrate the New Year, but cry. Do you know why It is said that they cry 120 time goes quickly and life is so short.
【答案】120．because
120．句意：据说他们哭是因为时间过得很快，生命过得很短。根据“It is said that they cry … time goes quickly and life is so short.”可知，空格前后为前果后因，用because“因为”。故填because。
冠词考点：
冠词分类：定冠词（the），不定冠词（a/an），零冠词（一般不考）
[空格后面一定有名词，或是被形容词修饰的名词。所以做题一定要注意往横线后面一直看，看有没有名词出现。]
定冠词与不定冠词的区分：the用于特指，第二次出现，形容词最高级。a/an用于泛指，第一次出现，固定搭配。[根据元音音素来判断用a还是an，【特殊例子特殊记】an + hour / honor / honesty；a + useful / university]
3、固定词组与搭配：take a walk，have a fever中的a就是固定的，by the way中the也是固定搭配
【示例】
Last month I went to UK and had 33 good time. Let me tell you what I did on the first day in London, the capital of the UK.
【答案】33．a
33．句意：上个月我去了英国，玩得很开心。have a good time意为“玩得开心”，是动词短语，故填a。
To Asian people, forks are 93 odd （奇怪的） utensil.
【答案】 93．an
93．句意：对亚洲人来说，叉子是一种奇怪的器具。这里泛指一种奇怪的器具，odd为元音音素开头。故填an。
It’s 50 perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after spending a tiring day. It’s worth a go, isn’t it
【答案】 50．a
50．句意：它是一个在度过令人疲惫的一天后帮助给你快乐宁静感觉的完美方式。根据way“方式”为可数名词单数可知，此处应填不定冠词，而“perfect”为辅音音素开头，故填a。
句子引导词、关系词等【常考的：that / whether / if/which/who与各类疑问词等】
根据句子的结构和成分分析是考查定语从句、状语从句还是宾语从句来判定。
【示例】
“Excuse me, do you know 38 (连词) there is a restaurant around here ” I asked the young man. With his help, I found a good restaurant.
【答案】38．if/whether
38．句意：“打扰一下，你知道这附近有餐厅吗？”，我问那个年轻人。该句是宾语从句，根据句意可知，作者想知道附近是否有餐厅，所以用连接词if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句，故填if/whether。
In Hua’s photos, many things can 63 (find), from the sandstorms to young trees, as well as the people 64 fight against desertification (沙漠化).
【答案】 64．who/that
64．句意：在华的照片中，可以找到许多东西，从沙尘暴到年轻的树木，以及与沙漠化作斗争的人们。句子是定语从句，先行词是people，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
Beryl said, “I thought Christopher and Rosie were dead. Then I saw 88 (he) come up out of the water like a dolphin. 89 amazing it was!”
【答案】 89．How
89．句意：太神奇了！该句为感叹句，中心词amazing“神奇的”为形容词，感叹词用how，位于句首首字母大写。故填How。
词性转换：
根据句子确定词性，再根据构词法知识进行词形式变化。
【示例】
Books play an 11 (importance) role in our life. Then which book is your favorite
【答案】important
11．句意：书籍在我们生活中起着重要的作用。importance“重要性”，是名词，修饰名词role，用形容词，故填important。
The clerk showed me the 35 (direct) to the dinning hall.
【答案】direction
35．句意：店员告诉我去餐厅的方向。定冠词the后跟名词，direct意为“直接的”，名词形式为direction“方向”，故填direction。
How are the young people from these places influenced by “red spirit” How do they carry out the spirit in their 44 (day) lives
【答案】daily
44．句意：他们是如何在日常生活中弘扬这种精神的？根据“How do they carry out the spirit in their...lives ”可知，本空缺定语修饰名词lives，day的形容词形式为daily“日常的”，故填daily。
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Kun Opera is a kind of traditional Chinese opera 1 has been around for over 600 years. It is considered to be one of 2 (old) forms of Chinese operas. The 3 (one) record of Kun Opera goes back 4 the 14th century in the Yuan Dynasty. The Kunshan area in Jiangsu Province is the birthplace of Kun Opera. Kun Opera became 5 national art form in the 16th century. In the following 200 years, between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, Kun Opera 6 (welcome) around the country, becoming an important part of Chinese culture. Sadly, Kun Opera 7 (fall) little by little since the 18th century. With the rise of other operas such as Peking Opera, Kun Opera started 8 (lose) its ground. In the 20th century, Kun Opera almost died out. Thanks to overseas Chinese Kun Opera groups and 9 (fan), some Kun Opera pieces and skills remained. 10 (recent), the rise of “zhe zi xi” could keep this kind of art alive. Instead of acting the whole piece of one play for a long time, now the artists can perform one or several interesting pieces on their own.
【答案】
1．that/which 2．the oldest 3．first 4．to 5．a 6．was welcomed 7．has fallen 8．to lose/losing 9．fans 10．Recently
【导语】本文主要介绍昆剧的发展。
1．句意：昆剧是一种有着600多年历史的中国传统戏曲。本句为定语从句，先行词为物，引导词在从句中作主语，所以此处用that/which引导。故填that/which。
2．句意：它被认为是中国最古老的戏曲形式之一。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“最……之一”，所以此处填the+形容词最高级。故填the oldest。
3．句意：昆剧的第一个记载可以追溯到14世纪的元代。根据“The...record”可知，此处表示顺序，应填序数词first。故填first。
4．句意：昆剧的第一个记载可以追溯到14世纪的元代。come back to“追溯到……”，固定搭配。故填to。
5．句意：昆剧在16世纪成为一种民族艺术形式。此处泛指“一种民族艺术形式”，national以辅音音素开头。故填a。
6．句意：在接下来的200年里，从明朝到清朝，昆剧在全国各地受到欢迎，成为中国文化的重要组成部分。Kun Opera与welcome是被动关系，结合“In the following 200 years, between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty”可知，时态为一般过去时，此处用一般过去时的被动语态be done，主语为三单。故填was welcomed。
7．句意：遗憾的是，自18世纪以来，昆剧一点一点地衰落了。根据“since the 18th century”可知，时态为现在完成时，用have/has done，主语为三单，助动词用has。故填has fallen。
8．句意：随着京剧等其他剧种的兴起，昆剧也开始失势。start to sth/start doing sth“开始做某事”，固定搭配。故填to lose/losing。
9．句意：感谢海外的中国昆剧团体和昆剧爱好者，一些昆剧作品和技巧得以保留。空前无限定词，此处填名词复数表示泛指。故填fans。
10．句意：近年来，“折子戏”的兴起使这种艺术得以延续。本空位于句首，应填副词，recently“最近”，符合语境。故填Recently。
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
It seems that on every street corner in the world, there is a fast-food restaurant. People everywhere are busy, 11 they do not want to wait for their food. Around the world, $240 billion a year 12 (spend) on fast food. Yet, even though fast food has become quite popular, there are many myths about it.
The first myth is that fast food is a recent 13 (invent). This is not true. 14 (many) than 2,000 years ago, the people of Rome lined up in the street to buy quick 15 (meal) at small stands. One type of their most popular fast food looked a lot 16 a modern hamburger. All through history, people have always eaten fast food.
The second myth is that all fast food is American. While many modern fast-food restaurants are American, some very 17 (tradition) Chinese food is nearly fast food. This includes mantou, noodles and Chinese dumplings. In fact, one of the most popular fast-food chains (连锁店) in the USA 18 (be) a Chinese food chain, Panda Express. It has more than 1,600 restaurants in America.
Finally, many people think that fast food is always bad for them. This is true for a lot of fast food. 19 , nearly every fast-food restaurant has some healthy food on its menu, and some fast-food restaurants only make healthy food. The problem is not fast food, but the choices we make. We can choose 20 (eat) healthy food, even at fast-food restaurants.
【答案】
11．so 12．is spent 13．invention 14．More 15．meals 16．like 17．traditional 18．is 19．However 20．to eat
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要针对与快餐相关的一些荒诞说法进行了解释说明。
11．句意：到处的人都很忙，所以他们不想等他们的食物。根据“People everywhere are busy, ...they do not want to wait for their food.”可知这里填连词，前后句意构成因果关系，so“所以”，符合句意。故填so。
12．句意：在世界各地，每年有2400亿美元用于快餐。“$240 billion a year”是主语，单数形式，spend是动词，意为“花费”，和主语之间是被动关系，根据语境，这里使用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is spent。
13．句意：第一个荒诞说法是说快餐是近来的发明。冠词a后面用名词，invent是动词，意为“发明”，其名词形式为invention。故填invention。
14．句意：2000多年前，罗马人民在街上排队，在小摊上买快餐。根据than可知，这里使用many的比较级。故填More。
15．句意：2000多年前，罗马人民在街上排队，在小摊上买快餐。meal是可数名词，根据“the people of Rome lined up in the street to buy quick...at small stands”可知，这里使用名词复数形式。故填meals。
16．句意：他们最受欢迎的一种快餐看起来很像现代的汉堡。look like“看起来像”，符合题意。故填like。
17．句意：虽然许多现代快餐店都是美国人，但一些非常传统的中国菜几乎是快餐。“Chinese food”是名词，前面由形容词进行修饰，tradition是名词，“传统”，其形容词形式为traditional。故填traditional。
18．句意：事实上，在美国最受欢迎的快餐连锁店之一是中国食品连锁店——熊猫快餐。“one of ...”表示“其中之一”，谓语动词用单数。根据文章内容可知，句子使用一般现在时。故填is。
19．句意：然而，几乎每家快餐店的菜单上都有一些健康食物，有些快餐店只做健康食品。根据空前后内容可知，前后内容形成转折关系，however，副词，意为“然而”，符合题意。故填However。
20．句意：我们可以选择吃健康的食物，即使是在快餐店。choose to do sth.“选择做某事”。故填to eat。
三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table.
When I was still, little, my whole family would get together on different traditional 21 (festival). When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend and my grandma 22 (glad) added another seat to the round table. It seemed a little more crowded, but we all felt much 23 (close) to each other. When I was twelve, my grandpa passed away. That made us 24 (feel) sad. However, when the whole family 25 (get) together once again, we felt like that he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in 26 (we) homes. It is a sign of reunion (团聚) of our family showing our feelings. 27 the reason why we come together may be different, the feelings behind it are the same. Usually different cultures 28 (accept) by us around the table. What’s more, we express the love not only for our family, but also for 29 community, our nation and even the whole world.
The history of our nation has been the stories of looking for or running to the round table that we belong to. The round table has been a symbol 30 the Chinese feelings. It was, it is and will always be.
【答案】
21．festivals 22．gladly 23．closer 24．feel 25．got 26．our 27．Although/Though 28．are accepted 29．a 30．of
【导语】本文作者通过对家人佳节聚餐的回忆，感悟到家人相聚在一起是中国人感情的象征，过去是，现在是，永远都是。
21．句意：当我还小的时候，我的家人会在不同的传统节日聚在一起。festival“节日”，可数名词，different修饰可数名词复数形式。故填festivals。
22．句意：当我长大一点时，我的姑姑把男朋友带回来，奶奶高兴地在圆桌上又加了一个座位。glad“高兴的”，形容词，此处修饰动词added用副词形式。故填gladly。
23．句意：这看起来有点拥挤，但我们觉得彼此更近了。close“紧密的”，形容词，much修饰形容词比较级。故填closer。
24．句意：这让我们感到难过。feel“感觉”，make sb do sth“让某人做某事”，空处应填动词原形。故填feel。
25．句意：然而，当全家再次团聚时，我们觉得他从未离开过我们。get together“聚在一起”，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填got。
26．句意：我们家里都有这样一张桌子。we“我们”，主格形式，空处修饰名词homes应用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
27．句意：虽然我们相聚在一起的原因可能不同，但背后的情感是一样的。根据“the reason why we come together may be different, the feelings behind it are the same.”可知，前后是转折关系，用although或though引导让步状语从句，句首字母大写。故填Although/Though。
28．句意：通常不同的文化会被围着圆桌的我们所接受。accept“接受”，主语cultures与accept是被动关系，由Usually可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are，accept的过去分词为accepted。故填are accepted。
29．句意：更重要的是，我们不仅表达了对我们家庭的爱，也表达了对一个社区、我们的国家甚至整个世界的爱。空后community为可数名词单数形式，并以辅音音素开头，空前应用冠词a修饰，表示泛指一个社区。故填a。
30．句意：圆桌一直是中国人感情的象征。a symbol of“……的象征”，固定搭配。故填of。
四、阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Now more and more people like keeping pets. They think pets are useful to them. Many families see pets as 31 (they) family members like their daughters or sons. On the one hand, they think pets can stay with them when they are alone, because they are afraid 32 being lonely. On the other hand. some pets are brave. When some people are in 33 (dangerous), the pets can save them, even in an earthquake. Several days ago, some guide dogs even helped to send some old people to the hospital 34 (successful).
35 , other people are against keeping pets because of so many reasons. They think it is very wasteful to spend hundreds of dollars 36 pets. In their opinion, the money should 37 (use) to help the poor. Some people are also worried about the illness that pets may bring to them. Pets don’t know that people need a quiet environment. So their sounds become the 38 (big) problem in their lives.
How different the 39 (opinion) about pets are! I think keeping pets is 40 personal habit. But if you can’t deal with it well, that will make your neighbors dislike you.
【答案】
31．their 32．of 33．danger 34．successfully 35．However 36．on 37．be used 38．biggest 39．opinions 40．a
【导语】本文主要是关于社会上对“养宠物”的各种观点和看法。
31．句意：许多家庭把宠物当作他们的家庭成员，就像他们的女儿或儿子一样。根据空后名词“family members”，结合提示词，可知空处应填人称代词they对应的形容词性物主代词their，意为“他们的”。故填their。
32．句意：一方面，他们认为宠物可以在他们独处的时候陪伴他们，因为他们害怕孤独。根据空前“are afraid”，结合句意，可知此处是短语be afraid of表示“害怕……”。故填of。
33．句意：当一些人处于危险之中，宠物可以拯救他们，即使是在地震中。根据空前介词in，结合提示词，可知此处是短语in danger表示“处于危险之中”。故填danger。
34．句意：几天前，一些导盲犬甚至成功地帮助把一些老人送到了医院。根据句中“send”，可知空处应填副词修饰动词，形容词successful对应的副词是successfully，意为“成功地”。故填successfully。
35．句意：然而，也有人反对养宠物，原因有很多。根据上文所述，可知主要是“赞成养宠物”的理由，而此句是“other people are against keeping pets”，结合空后的逗号，可知应填However“然而”，表示“转折”，句首首字母大写。故填However。
36．句意：他们认为在宠物身上花费数百美元是非常浪费的。根据空前“spend hundreds of dollars”，结合句意，可知此处是短语spend some money on sth.，表示“在……上花钱”。故填on。
37．句意：在他们看来，这笔钱应该用来帮助穷人。分析句子，根据“the money”和“help the poor”的关系，可知此处应用被动语态（be+done），should后接动词原形。故填be used。
38．句意：所以他们的声音成了他们生活中最大的问题。根据空前定冠词the，结合提示词，可知应填形容词big的最高级biggest，意为“最大的”。故填biggest。
39．句意：关于宠物的看法是多么不同啊！根据感叹句中“are”，可知空处应用可数名词opinion的复数形式。故填opinions。
40．句意：我认为养宠物是个人习惯。句中“habit”为可数名词单数，并非特指，且personal是以辅音音素开头的单词，空处应填不定冠词a。故填a。
五、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
After I graduated from college in 1932, I decided to find a job in radio as a sports announcer. I went to Chicago and knocked at the door of every station. But 41 (luck), I was refused every time.
At one station, a kind lady told me that big stations would prefer 42 (experience) people and suggested that I try my luck at smaller stations. 43 (follow) her advice, I went back to Dixon, 44 I had grown up. There were no radio-announcing 45 (job) in Dixon, and my father said a newly-opened store wanted a local athlete to work for it. I applied 46 the job, but I was refused again.
I tried WOC Radio in Davenport, Iowa. The program director, Peter MacArthur, told me they had already had an announcer.
After I left his office, my frustration boiled over. “ 47 can I become a sports announcer if I can’t get a job in a radio station ” I asked loud.
While I 48 (wait) for the elevator, I heard someone calling. It was MacArthur. “What was that you said about sports Do you know anything about football ” Then he asked me to broadcast 49 imaginary game. Pleased with my performance, he offered me a chance to work there.
On my way home, I thought of my mother’s words: “If you carry on, one day something good will happen. Something wouldn’t have happened if not for that previous 50 (disappoint).”
【答案】
41．unluckily 42．experienced 43．Following 44．where 45．jobs 46．for 47．How 48．was waiting 49．an 50．disappointment
【导语】本文介绍了作者经历了一系列挫折，最终找到自己心仪工作的故事，并告诉我们只要坚持，一切都会好起来的。
41．句意：但不幸的是，我每次都被拒绝了。副词修饰整个句子；根据“ I was refused”可知我被拒绝是不幸的事情。故填unluckily。
42．句意：在一个车站，一位好心的女士告诉我，大车站更喜欢有经验的人，并建议我在小车站碰碰运气。此处修饰名词people，需填形容词，experienced“有经验的”符合题意。故填experienced。
43．句意：按照她的建议，我回到了我长大的Dixon。此句已有谓语went，因此是非谓语；逻辑主语I与follow为主动关系；首字母需大写。故填Following。
44．句意：按照她的建议，我回到了我长大的Dixon。句子是定语从句，先行词为Dixon，是一个地方，关系词在从句中作状语，用where引导定语从句。故填where。
45．句意：Dixon没有电台宣布工作，我父亲说一家新开的商店想要一名当地运动员为其工作。根据were可知是复数。故填jobs。
46．句意：我申请了这份工作，但又被拒绝了。apply for“申请”，固定搭配。故填for。
47．句意：如果我在电台找不到工作，我怎么能成为一名体育播音员？作者一连被拒绝，此处在自我质询，即“我怎么办呢”。故填How。
48．句意：当我在等电梯的时候，我听到有人在叫。while是进行时的标志，结构为be doing；根据heard可知是过去；主语为I，be用was。故填was waiting。
49．句意：然后他让我播放一个想象中的游戏。此处指“一个想象中的游戏”，imaginary以元音音素开头，故填an。
50．句意：如果不是之前的失望，事情就不会发生。previous是形容词，修饰名词disappointment“失望”。故填disappointment。
六、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Language is a bridge that connects people. April 20 51 (mark) United Nations Chinese Language Day. On this day, people around the world celebrate the Chinese language.
Alex Tani, UK, shared his story of learning Chinese: At the age of 13, I started taking Mandarin classes at school. It was a subject 52 could make the classroom deadly silent because of 53 difficult it was to learn. But when I arrived in China in 2021, I found that learning the language could be 54 (enjoy). After I moved to Beijing, I would try to chat with them 55 Chinese, sharing details about our daily lives. Sometimes we would also go to KTV together.
When I 56 (step) into the KTV room for the first time, the atmosphere was completely different from that of a classroom. 57 this was where the learning would take place. With every note sung, the characters began to make sense. Connecting with others made the process of learning 58 (easy). As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began to click. This was an environment where I could immerse myself in the Chinese language and culture while still expressing 59 (me).
Living in China has added 60 much-needed part of necessity to language learning while making the experience fun.
【答案】
51．marks 52．that/which 53．how 54．enjoyable 55．in 56．stepped 57．But 58．easier 59．myself 60．a
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者学习汉语的经历。
51．句意：4月20日是联合国中文日。句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词单三marks“标志”。故填marks。
52．句意：这门课可能会让课堂变得非常安静，因为它很难学习。句子是定语从句，先行词是a subject，关系词在从句中作主语，用that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。
53．句意：这门课可能会让课堂变得非常安静，因为它很难学习。句子是宾语从句，修饰形容词difficult用how。故填how。
54．句意：我发现学习这种语言可能会很愉快。作be动词的表语用形容词enjoyable“令人愉快的”。故填enjoyable。
55．句意：搬到北京后，我会试着用中文和他们聊天，分享我们日常生活的细节。in Chinese“用汉语”。故填in。
56．句意：当我第一次走进KTV房间时，那里的气氛与教室完全不同。根据“the atmosphere was completely different from that of a classroom”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式stepped“踩踏”。故填stepped。
57．句意：但这就是学习的地方。此处和前句是转折关系，用but连接。故填But。
58．句意：与他人建立联系使学习过程变得容易。make sth. adj.“使某物……”，此次指变得“更容易”，故此处用比较级easier。故填easier。
59．句意：这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中，同时还能表达自己的环境。根据“I could immerse myself in the Chinese language and culture while still expressing”可知是表达我自己，用反身代词myself“我自己”。故填myself。
60．句意：生活在中国给语言学习增加了一部分急需的必要性，同时也让这种体验变得有趣。此处泛指“一部分”，much以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。专题08 语法填空
语法填空题一共有10个空,其中有6~7个空考查实词,括号内有给出相关的词,另外的3~4个空为考查虚词,不给出相关的词。此题型主要考查学生对语法和词法知识的掌握和运用。要注意不同词性的构词法,学会分析空格里的词在句子中的成分也很重要。其考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种：
1.给出提示词的考查内容包括：词性转换（如名词、动词、形容词与副词等的词性转换）；名词单、复数变化；形容词和副词的比较等级变化；动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词等。
2.不给出提示词的考查内容包括：根据上下文语境填入冠词、副词、连词、代词及介词等。
一、（2023浙江湖州中考真题）
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms (节气). Thousands of years ago, they 1 (create) to help with farming, but the solar term culture is still very 2 (use) today to people’s life. Grain Buds is 3 eighth solar term of a year. It means that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe. This year Grain Buds falls 4 May 21st, and lasts 16 days. Here are some things you may not know about Grain Buds.
A good season for eating fish
A saying about rain during this time says, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full. “Because of a lot of rain, rivers are full of water and a great number of fish. You can’t miss the chance 5 (enjoy) them. Also, it is such a golden season for 6 (fisherman)!
Suggestions on health
Wet and hot days 7 (be) common in this season. It may make you get skin illnesses easily. It is necessary to take more exercise. Walking, jogging and practicing tai chi are popular.
A key period for flower caring
It is a good period for flowers to grow 8 (rapid). Caring for your garden becomes even 9 (important) than any other time. 10 you take good care of them, your plants will be healthier.
二、（2023·浙江衢州·中考真题）
阅读下面材料，按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。
Mr. Smith is our school gardener. He is 11 old man with a head of white hair. He works hard 12 (make) our school green and lively. No matter in the winter cold or in the summer heat, he is never late 13 work. He goes to work early in the morning and only leaves in the evening.
Every day, he 14 (wear) a grey hat and a pair of blue trousers. He cleans the leaves in the garden three 15 (time) a day. He also plants trees and waters flowers. When he is working, he is very serious. He even gets angry when we try to talk to 16 (he). He is always quiet during his working time.
17 , he becomes a different person after finishing all the work. He will talk to us about his family and friends 18 (happy). He always puts a smile on our faces, just like our dear grandfather.
Mr. Smith makes our school 19 (beautiful) than before and we are glad to have such a school gardener. He 20 (love) by everyone in our school.
三、（2023·浙江丽水·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Kendall Rae Johnson spends a lot of time playing in the dirt. She has 21 huge garden that produces over 100 pounds of food each year!
Kendall Rae 22 (begin) gardening at age three, when her great-grandmother gave her some fresh collard greens. Kendall Rae says, “Grandma Kate told 23 (I), ‘Don’t throw away the stems, because if you put them in the ground, they will grow back.’” She tried it and the stems 24 (real) grew new leaves.
Soon after, her parents put in a backyard garden. 25 her friends came to their house, Kendall Rae enjoyed sharing what she knew about farming. She says, “My friends would help me water 26 care for the plants. They started to enjoy farming, too.” At age six, she became the youngest certified farmer 27 her hometown.
Today, her garden has grown to include sixty plant beds and twelve 28 (tree)! When the vegetables and fruits are ripe(成熟), Kendall Rae sells some of them 29 (make) money. She also invites people who don’t have enough food to take what they need. “If 30 (many) kids join us, our community will surely become better,” says Kendall Rae. “Growing food takes a lot of work, but together we can do it.”
动词【两大方向：谓语动词与非谓语动词】：
时态 + 语态
（依据1：前后文的时态和形式，或者时间状语；
依据2：特殊句型；
依据3：前后文的被动关系）
非谓语动词的三种形式 [doing,，done，to do]（根据固定的搭配形式来改变动词形式，如want to do就要把do变to do，finish doing就要把do变doing）
【注意】实义动词与实义动词是不可能以两个动词原形的形式直接衔接在一起的，后面一个一定会变形。
比如实义动词want，play，practice在一起，可以形成want play（错），want to play（对），practice to play（错），practice playing（对）
因此，当做到动词题的时候一定要往前一个词看，找是否有实义动词，如果有，则横线上填写的动词肯定是非谓语动词的三种形式之一。【…动词 ______(动词)】
如果横线与前一个动词之间还夹着别的成分，那需要按着语法来判断。【…动词 + 代词/名词 + ______(动词)】
【用to do的其他形式】
1、后置定语（动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面）
如： 1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会 2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法
3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间 4、something to eat 一些吃的东西
5、something to drink 一些喝的东西 6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作
7、get / have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
2、It’s+形容词（adj.）+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样
【分析】形容词（adj.）修饰文中的事情既to do sth时，人前的介词用for ； 但是如果形容词（adj.）修饰文中的人既sb时，人前面的介词用of.
①It’s hard for me to learn English well.（句子 hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn English well，意为学好英语难，所以用的介词是for sb.）
②It’s kind of you to help me.（句中kind“善良的”修饰you(人) 意为你善良，所以介词用of sb.）
3、It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
4、It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
【示例】
After learning the devil would come again to his home village on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, he went back. He 4 (lead) the people from his village up a mountain. He asked them 5 (carry) zhuyu and drink some chrysanthemum wine.
………………..
The whole village celebrated, because they 8 (save) by the brave young man. That is why today the festival is connected with mountain climbing, zhuyu and chrysanthemum wine.
Nie gets up early and comes home late every day. 56 (look) for macaques, he walks around the forest.
Finally, the great man succeeded in 18 (deal) with a lot of difficulties and went out of the island because of his fighting spirit and hard work.
So far, China’s forest 70 (increase) by over 70,000,000 hectares (公顷). One tree after another, these people built a green Great Wall.
名词考点：
名词的形式变化主要有可数名词单数复数、名词所有格、词性转变、固定搭配。
名词单复数（依据：横线前有表示复数的词如a few，lots of，these，those，或者数量词等，或者there be句型中be动词为复数are或were形式）
名词所有格（依据：横线后又是名词且提示词的名词对后面的名词不形成修饰关系，而形成从属关系）
名词词性变化（依据：根据前后文词性判断名词是否要变化成相应的形容词、副词、动词等）
【示例】
Many men in this situation would want their 164 (wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about others before himself. This made me start to respect him.
“The hard life had not only given me the courage to face so many 26 （difficulty）and challenges, but also inspired（鼓舞）me to chase my dream.”
They are not only good scenery, but also friends of local people and 60 (tourist)
They wore 66 (hat), scarves and goggles (护目镜) all the time. In summer, it was so hot that the workers had to lie down on the ground next to their cars to cool off.
It was 84 (danger). He took a big breath and swam back to save them.
And she even didn’t want to go home when we were leaving. It was really a 80 (wonder) day.
形容词与副词考点：
形容词比较级与最高级（依据1：比较级看句子中是否有than，最高级看形容词前面是否有the或后面有没有in/of+范围的形式。依据2：横线前有even，much、a little/bit等后面需要用比较级的词）
固定句型（常见的为比较级的相关句型：the more…the more…，more and more。表示建议的句型：had better do sth。表示状态的句型：主语+ be + adj + to do）
形容词副词化（依据：提示词为形容词，空格后有谓语动词或者形容词；或者空格位于句首，用逗号隔开）
动词的ing与ed形式（依据：横线前有be动词或是后面有名词，则用ing形式；横线前有人称代词或人名，则用ed形式）
否定变化（如happy变成unhappy）】
注意：形容词是修饰名词的，而副词是修饰动词、形容词与副词本身的。
【示例】
The new school is much better than my old school in Cuba, such as it is 143 (big) and more beautiful than my old one.
16 (unlucky), after he grew up, he actually lived on an island for 28 years, where no people lived.
Three months 27 （late）, he went to an Air Force flight college in Baoding, Hebei province.
Tai Chi is a symbol of Chinese culture. It was first developed in China as wushu, but it’s becoming one of the 46 (popular) sports around the world.
Nie is like a parent, and all the macaques are like his children. “The macaques are 59 (love) and cute.
代词考点：
宾格（横线在谓语动词后面）
形容词性物主代词（横线后面有名词）
名词性物主代词（横线后面没有名词，前面有of或者前面有be动词等动词）
反身代词（横线前有和括号里同一类的且做主语成分的代词，此时把括号内的代词改为反身代词）
不定代词（一般以some/ever/any + thing为主，其次是others，another）
【示例】
It was difficult to plant trees here. The workers had to cover 65 (them) or their mouths would be full of sand.
Then I saw 88 (he) come up out of the water like a dolphin.
How 98 （they） use was introduced to other countries is not known.
Who should you write to Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive 133 (you) letter.
Many men in this situation would want their wives to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about 165 (other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.
During 17 (that) years, he had to experience hunger and fight against natural disasters (灾害).
数量词考点：
基数词变序数词（横线前一般有the）
基数词变次数（一般只考once，twice）
单位词变复数（主要是百-hundred，千-thousand，百万-million，十亿-billion的用法）
注意： 300名学生——three hundred students（此时hundred后无s）
成百上千名学生——hundreds of students（hundred后有了of则要加s）
成百上千名学生——hundreds upon hundreds of students
【示例】
Last weekend, it was my little sister Anna’s 71 (nine) birthday. She kept asking us to take her out to play. It was a lovely day in spring. After a discussion, we decided to pick strawberries on a farm.
介词考点：
单一介词（即介词表示某种具体的含义，如方向或时间，能够根据上下文含义推理出来）
动词、形容词、介词词组中的固定搭配，例如：come/be from，fall in love with……
注意：介词的判断依据除了看有没有词组，还可以依靠横线后的词性，因为介词后面只能接名词性质的词，所以后面要么是名词和代词，要么是动词ing形式。
【示例】
He suggested me going there 37 foot because it was not far.
Tai Chi is a fun exercise, easy to learn, and people don’t have to be good 49 it to enjoy it. He loves the feeling of calm he gets from it.
连词考点：
根据词性判断（空格两边词性或结构一致，大概率是并列连词；一个长句被逗号或横线隔开，左右两边结构完整，有可能是从属连词构成的复合句）
根据逻辑判断（并列连词都是有很强的逻辑性的，可以根据上下文的意思来判断）
第一看横线前后的词性结构是否一致，如It makes us smart and healthy。此时smart和healthy就属于词性结构一致。
第二看横线前后是否有完整的主谓（宾）结构，如I don't like her because she smokes too much。 左边主谓宾完整，右边主谓完整。
最后看逻辑关系，如果满足第一或第二，只需要把平常常考的连词代入去想就可以了。
【连词总结】and（常与both组合出现），or（常与either组合出现），but（常与also组合出现，形成not only…but also…），nor（常与neither组合出现），because，so等
注意：however是副词，常用作连词使用，出现的形式是单独在句首，用逗号与后文隔开：however，后句。也可能是放在中间，左右都用逗号隔开：前句，however，后句
【示例】
The “red spirit” has a deep influence on lots of Chinese people, both old 41 young.
However, forks were not used in England 97 1611. Chopsticks originated in China, and are used in all Asian cultures.
And in some areas in India, people do not celebrate the New Year, but cry. Do you know why It is said that they cry 120 time goes quickly and life is so short.
冠词考点：
冠词分类：定冠词（the），不定冠词（a/an），零冠词（一般不考）
[空格后面一定有名词，或是被形容词修饰的名词。所以做题一定要注意往横线后面一直看，看有没有名词出现。]
定冠词与不定冠词的区分：the用于特指，第二次出现，形容词最高级。a/an用于泛指，第一次出现，固定搭配。[根据元音音素来判断用a还是an，【特殊例子特殊记】an + hour / honor / honesty；a + useful / university]
3、固定词组与搭配：take a walk，have a fever中的a就是固定的，by the way中the也是固定搭配
【示例】
Last month I went to UK and had 33 good time. Let me tell you what I did on the first day in London, the capital of the UK.
To Asian people, forks are 93 odd （奇怪的） utensil.
It’s 50 perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after spending a tiring day. It’s worth a go, isn’t it
句子引导词、关系词等【常考的：that / whether / if/which/who与各类疑问词等】
根据句子的结构和成分分析是考查定语从句、状语从句还是宾语从句来判定。
【示例】
“Excuse me, do you know 38 (连词) there is a restaurant around here ” I asked the young man. With his help, I found a good restaurant.
In Hua’s photos, many things can 63 (find), from the sandstorms to young trees, as well as the people 64 fight against desertification (沙漠化).
Beryl said, “I thought Christopher and Rosie were dead. Then I saw 88 (he) come up out of the water like a dolphin. 89 amazing it was!”
词性转换：
根据句子确定词性，再根据构词法知识进行词形式变化。
【示例】
Books play an 11 (importance) role in our life. Then which book is your favorite
The clerk showed me the 35 (direct) to the dinning hall.
How are the young people from these places influenced by “red spirit” How do they carry out the spirit in their 44 (day) lives
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Kun Opera is a kind of traditional Chinese opera 1 has been around for over 600 years. It is considered to be one of 2 (old) forms of Chinese operas. The 3 (one) record of Kun Opera goes back 4 the 14th century in the Yuan Dynasty. The Kunshan area in Jiangsu Province is the birthplace of Kun Opera. Kun Opera became 5 national art form in the 16th century. In the following 200 years, between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, Kun Opera 6 (welcome) around the country, becoming an important part of Chinese culture. Sadly, Kun Opera 7 (fall) little by little since the 18th century. With the rise of other operas such as Peking Opera, Kun Opera started 8 (lose) its ground. In the 20th century, Kun Opera almost died out. Thanks to overseas Chinese Kun Opera groups and 9 (fan), some Kun Opera pieces and skills remained. 10 (recent), the rise of “zhe zi xi” could keep this kind of art alive. Instead of acting the whole piece of one play for a long time, now the artists can perform one or several interesting pieces on their own.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
It seems that on every street corner in the world, there is a fast-food restaurant. People everywhere are busy, 11 they do not want to wait for their food. Around the world, $240 billion a year 12 (spend) on fast food. Yet, even though fast food has become quite popular, there are many myths about it.
The first myth is that fast food is a recent 13 (invent). This is not true. 14 (many) than 2,000 years ago, the people of Rome lined up in the street to buy quick 15 (meal) at small stands. One type of their most popular fast food looked a lot 16 a modern hamburger. All through history, people have always eaten fast food.
The second myth is that all fast food is American. While many modern fast-food restaurants are American, some very 17 (tradition) Chinese food is nearly fast food. This includes mantou, noodles and Chinese dumplings. In fact, one of the most popular fast-food chains (连锁店) in the USA 18 (be) a Chinese food chain, Panda Express. It has more than 1,600 restaurants in America.
Finally, many people think that fast food is always bad for them. This is true for a lot of fast food. 19 , nearly every fast-food restaurant has some healthy food on its menu, and some fast-food restaurants only make healthy food. The problem is not fast food, but the choices we make. We can choose 20 (eat) healthy food, even at fast-food restaurants.
三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table.
When I was still, little, my whole family would get together on different traditional 21 (festival). When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend and my grandma 22 (glad) added another seat to the round table. It seemed a little more crowded, but we all felt much 23 (close) to each other. When I was twelve, my grandpa passed away. That made us 24 (feel) sad. However, when the whole family 25 (get) together once again, we felt like that he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in 26 (we) homes. It is a sign of reunion (团聚) of our family showing our feelings. 27 the reason why we come together may be different, the feelings behind it are the same. Usually different cultures 28 (accept) by us around the table. What’s more, we express the love not only for our family, but also for 29 community, our nation and even the whole world.
The history of our nation has been the stories of looking for or running to the round table that we belong to. The round table has been a symbol 30 the Chinese feelings. It was, it is and will always be.
四、阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Now more and more people like keeping pets. They think pets are useful to them. Many families see pets as 31 (they) family members like their daughters or sons. On the one hand, they think pets can stay with them when they are alone, because they are afraid 32 being lonely. On the other hand. some pets are brave. When some people are in 33 (dangerous), the pets can save them, even in an earthquake. Several days ago, some guide dogs even helped to send some old people to the hospital 34 (successful).
35 , other people are against keeping pets because of so many reasons. They think it is very wasteful to spend hundreds of dollars 36 pets. In their opinion, the money should 37 (use) to help the poor. Some people are also worried about the illness that pets may bring to them. Pets don’t know that people need a quiet environment. So their sounds become the 38 (big) problem in their lives.
How different the 39 (opinion) about pets are! I think keeping pets is 40 personal habit. But if you can’t deal with it well, that will make your neighbors dislike you.
五、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
After I graduated from college in 1932, I decided to find a job in radio as a sports announcer. I went to Chicago and knocked at the door of every station. But 41 (luck), I was refused every time.
At one station, a kind lady told me that big stations would prefer 42 (experience) people and suggested that I try my luck at smaller stations. 43 (follow) her advice, I went back to Dixon, 44 I had grown up. There were no radio-announcing 45 (job) in Dixon, and my father said a newly-opened store wanted a local athlete to work for it. I applied 46 the job, but I was refused again.
I tried WOC Radio in Davenport, Iowa. The program director, Peter MacArthur, told me they had already had an announcer.
After I left his office, my frustration boiled over. “ 47 can I become a sports announcer if I can’t get a job in a radio station ” I asked loud.
While I 48 (wait) for the elevator, I heard someone calling. It was MacArthur. “What was that you said about sports Do you know anything about football ” Then he asked me to broadcast 49 imaginary game. Pleased with my performance, he offered me a chance to work there.
On my way home, I thought of my mother’s words: “If you carry on, one day something good will happen. Something wouldn’t have happened if not for that previous 50 (disappoint).”
六、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Language is a bridge that connects people. April 20 51 (mark) United Nations Chinese Language Day. On this day, people around the world celebrate the Chinese language.
Alex Tani, UK, shared his story of learning Chinese: At the age of 13, I started taking Mandarin classes at school. It was a subject 52 could make the classroom deadly silent because of 53 difficult it was to learn. But when I arrived in China in 2021, I found that learning the language could be 54 (enjoy). After I moved to Beijing, I would try to chat with them 55 Chinese, sharing details about our daily lives. Sometimes we would also go to KTV together.
When I 56 (step) into the KTV room for the first time, the atmosphere was completely different from that of a classroom. 57 this was where the learning would take place. With every note sung, the characters began to make sense. Connecting with others made the process of learning 58 (easy). As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began to click. This was an environment where I could immerse myself in the Chinese language and culture while still expressing 59 (me).
Living in China has added 60 much-needed part of necessity to language learning while making the experience fun.
