译林版(2019)选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Careers and skills Grammar and usage 导学案（无答案）

课题 XB4 Unit 3 Grammar 课时 1
一、课标要求
在语篇中探究并复习名词性从句的使用核心规则
二、学习目标
围绕单元话题，结合语篇： （1）通过观察语篇，探究归纳名词性从句使用规则； （2）通过单句和语篇练习体会巩固所学，进一步巩固内化其运用； （3）通过正确运用名词性从句，完成对话任务。
评价任务
（1）完成活动一中的练习； （2）完成活动二中的练习； （3）完成活动三中的练习；
四、学习过程
Activity1 Exploring the rules Read the article and fill in the table Running your businessAdvantagesDisadvantages1.1.2.2.3.
Read the article again and fill in the table on page 34. Activity2 Working out the rules 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)、表语（系动词之后）、同位语等，因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 释义功能 从属连词that没有含义 不充当任何成分，只起连接从句的作用。whether/if“是否”as if/ though“仿佛，好像”because“因为” 连接代词who(m)“谁”在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 whose“谁的”which“哪一个/哪一类”what“...的东西/事情”whatever“任何...的东西/事情”who(m)ever“...的任何人”whichever“任何一个/一类” 连接副词where“在哪儿”“...的地方”在从句中作状语when“什么时间；“...的时间”why“为什么”“...的原因”how“以什么样的方式”“...的方式”
一、主语从句 主语从句通常由从属连词 that,whether,和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下： ①It is + n. + that从句 (a fact; an honour; a surprise; a pity...) ②It is + adj. + that从句(likely; possible; natural; strange; evident; obvious...) ③It is + 过去分词 + that从句(said; believed; reported; predicted; estimated...) ④It + 动词（短语） + that从句(turn out; occur to; hit; seem; happen...) 注意：在It is important/necessary/vital that...和 It is suggested/required /demanded/proposed that...的句型中，主语从句谓语常用虚拟语气， 即“(should)+动词原形”的形式。 典题赏析： It is not a problem ______ we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. (2020江苏) Your support is important to our work. __________ you can do helps. (2022北京卷) 二、宾语从句 1.在由that引导的宾语从句中，that通常可以省略，但以下情况通常不能省略。 （1）and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外，后面从句中的that不能省略。 He said (that) he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand. 介词in,except,but,besides等后跟that引导的宾语从句时，不可省略that。 The twins look very alike except that the elder brother is a little taller. 这对双胞胎看起来很像，只是哥哥稍微高一点。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他与其他同学的不同之处在于他把业余时间都用在了读书上。 （3）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时，不可省略that。 We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job. 考虑到他的年龄，我们决定不让他做这份工作。 2.动词think, make, feel, consider等后用it作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句。 结构： v.+it+ 形容词 (necessary,important, natural, useful, worthwhile)/名词+that ... I think it important that you should attend the meeting. hate,love, dislike, appreciate, depend on, see to(保证)后常用it做形式宾语。 结构：v+it+that 引导的宾语从句 You may depend on it that I will help you.你要相信我会帮助你的。 Will you see to it that this letter get mailed today 你能保证这封信今天寄出吗？ 3.只用whether而不能用if的情况。 discuss, decide 等动词后作宾语时。 介词后面接的宾语从句。 宾语从句前置时。 引导主语、表语和同位语从句时。 与or not连用时。 后接不定式时。 4.宾语从句中的虚拟语气。在表示建议(suggest, advise, recommend, propose)、要求(demand, insist, require)和命令(order, command)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语部分常用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”。 The board proposed that he (should) be appointed as the new manager. 董事会提议任命他为新经理。 典题赏析： So if you are unsure and still wondering______ the chocolate diet really does work or not, then it pays to make an appointment with your doctor.（2020·襄阳联考） The committee insisted that the volunteers____(do) an excellent job in community service and ___ the prize_________(award) to these warm-hearted men and women. 三、表语从句 1.表示“因为/所以”的表语从句用法。 He was ill. That’s _____ he was sent to the hospital. (“这就是为什么...”) He was sent to the hospital. That’s _____ he was ill.(“那是因为...”) The reason _____ he was late was _____ his bike broke down.(“...的原因是...”) 2.若主句的主语是advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。 His requirement is that the machine (should) run normally. 3.where可表示抽象意义，表示“……的地方”。 You are saying everyone should be equal, which is where I disagree. 你说每个人都应该平等，这就是我不同意你的地方。 4.as if/ as though引导的表语从句。如果表述真实情况，用真实语气；如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气，从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用did/were；从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had done；从句表示将来的可能性不大，用would/might/could+动词原形。 He looks as if he were drunk. He behaved as if he had known the secret for years, even if it had just been revealed. It looks as if it might rain. 典题赏析： The reason is ______ many of today’s young people believe it’s wrong to kill animals for food.(2020湖北八校二模) He acts as if he _______(know) everything, but in reality he knows very little. 四、同位语从句 1.同位语从句用于对前面名词的内容做进一步的解释和说明。后接同位语从句的名词有news, idea, fact, promise, hope, question, message, belief, possibility, chance, wish, thought, conclusion, evidence, doubt, suggestion, story, saying等。 2.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词后面；有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。 The legend has it that whenever Ji Bu made a promise, he would spare no effort to fulfill it. 3.同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别 that引导同位语从句在句中不作成分，通常不能省略，只起连接作用。 that引导定语从句时为关系代词，它除了起连接作用外，在从句中还要充当某一成分(如主语、宾语等)，作宾语时可以省略。 The news came around two in the afternoon that we would put off the meeting. 在下午两点的时候(我们)接到了会议将被推迟的消息。（________从句） The news that you told us last night made us very happy. 昨晚你告诉我们的那个消息让我们很高兴。（________从句） 典题赏析： The manager put forward a suggestion ______ we should have an assistant.(2016·天津卷) The notice came around two in the afternoon ______ the meeting would be postponed.(2022·江苏卷) Activity3 Applying the rules Ⅰ. Use proper linking words to fill in the blanks. 1. They also need to be ready to give interview in English with international journalists. This is ____ they need an English trainer.（2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷） 2. The core of your relationship is _____ you will always be there to help each other.（2022全国新高考I） 3. He saved my son’s life，" said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ____ to thank him.”（2022新高考II卷） 4. While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019全国Ⅰ卷) 5.Many scientists subscribe to the view _____ it is human activity that has caused global warming. 6. A computer system will analyze the video to determine _____a cow is sick or not. 7. People go for walks less and prefer quiet rest at home. That's _____there are marathons and other sports events aimed at encouraging people to move more. 8. Thanks to the improvement of technology, _____ we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. 9. We have several types of notebooks to choose from, but _____ one suits you depends on your taste. 10. The fact _______ he has been absent for three days surprised all of us. Ⅱ. Finish exercise B2 on page 35. Ⅲ. Finish exercise B3 on page 35.
五、作业与检测
课时作业本unit3作业3