人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Reading and Thinking 学案(含答案）
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Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.阅读文章,分析文章的语篇结构和语言特点,并学会确定文章的段落大意。(语言能力)
2.了解不良习惯的危害并意识到改正不良习惯的必要性及艰难性;学会积极改正不良习惯的方法并养成健康的生活方式。(文化意识,思维品质)
3.通过分析课文,培养略读和查读等阅读能力和分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
4.通过对教材课文的阅读,理解插图中的信息;在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
( )1.abuse ( )2.dominate
( )3.reward ( )4.negative
( )5.discipline ( )6.liberation
( )7.skip ( )8.stimulate
( )9.dynamic ( )10.enhance
A.vt.激发;促进;刺激
B.n.解放;摆脱
C.adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的
D.vt.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳 n.蹦跳
E.vt.提高;增强;增进
F.n.& vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂
G.vt.& vi.支配;控制;占有优势
H.n.自制力;纪律;学科 vt.自我控制;管教;处罚
I.n.回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
J.adj.消极的;有害的;否定的
答案 1~5 FGIJH 6~10 BDACE
Ⅱ.默写单词
1. n.烟草;烟叶
2. n.心理学;心理;心理影响
3. n.提示;暗示;信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)
4. vt.促进;促使;使便利
5. n.外科医生
6. n.毒品;药物
7. adj.头晕目眩的
8. adj.含糖的;甜的
9. n.喜剧;喜剧片;滑稽节目
10. vt.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新
答案 1.tobacco 2.psychology 3.cue 4.facilitate 5.surgeon 6.drug 7.dizzy 8.sugary 9.comedy
10.refresh
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. adj.身体的;客观存在的;物理学的→ adv.身体上→n.物理学→ n.医师;(尤指)内科医生
2. vt.& vi.支配;控制;占有优势→ n.支配;控制
3. adv.重复地→v.重复
4. vt.(仔细)检查;审查;测验→n.检查;审查;检验
5. adj.消极的;有害的;否定的→ adv.消极地;否定地
6. n.外科医生 → n.外科手术
7. n.解放;摆脱 → v.解放
8. adj.含糖的;甜的→ n.糖
9. n.酒;酒精→ adj.含酒精的;饮酒引起的
10. n.回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬→ adj.值得做的;有益的;报酬高的
11. adj.悲观的;悲观主义的 → n.悲观;悲观主义
12. v.组成;作曲;撰写→ n.作曲家
13. vt.激发;促进;刺激→ n.刺激
14. vi.& vt.& n.剃(须发);刮脸→ n.电动剃须刀
15. n.香烟;卷烟→ n.雪茄烟
答案 1.physical;physically;physics;physician
2.dominate;domination 3.repeatedly;repeat
4.examine;examination 5.negative;negatively
6.surgeon;surgery 7.liberation;liberate 8.sugary;sugar 9.alcohol;alcoholic 10.reward;rewarding
11.pessimistic;pessimism 12.compose;composer 13.stimulate;stimulation 14.shave;shaver
15.cigarette;cigar
构词规律
v.-ed+-ly→adv.
repeated → repeatedly 重复地
excited → excitedly 兴奋地;激动地
marked → markedly 显著地
Step 2 短语记诵
1.shave剃掉;刮去
2.worn筋疲力尽的;疲惫的
3.straight立即;马上
4.rely依赖;依靠;信赖
5.decide决定;选定
6.stressed out
7.be absorbed in
8.be composed of
9.make up one's mind
10.in response to
答案 1.off 2.out 3.away 4.on 5.on 6.焦虑不安;心力交瘁 7.全神贯注于;专心于 8.由……组成(或构成)的 9.下定决心 10.回答;答复
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.These bad habits,if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.(if引导的条件状语从句的省略)
翻译 如果不加以约束,在他们成年后这些不良习惯可能会导致更糟糕的习惯。
仿写 The material will explode .
如果受热,这种材料将会爆炸。
2.There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle:“We are what we repeatedly do.”(过去分词短语作定语)
翻译 有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道:“重复的行为造就了我们。”
仿写 The student is my sister.
那个穿白色衣服的学生是我的姐姐。
3.In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.(not...but...句式)
翻译 实际上,最成功的改变方法不是一蹴而就的,而是要经过一段时间的。
仿写 What they want is .
他们要的不是你的怜悯,而是你的帮助。
答案 1.if heated 2.dressed in white 3.not your pity but your help
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Can you list some unhealthy habits
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答案 Staying up late; Alcohol abuse (drinking); Tobacco abuse(smoking);Absorbed in computer games; Excessive diet.
Ⅱ.What should we do to get rid of the bad habits and develop good ones
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答案
1.Have enough determination and courage to change the bad habits.
2.Do not give up halfway.
3.Make friends with people who have good habits and learn from them.
4.Take advice from others who successfully change the bad habits and develop good ones.
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.What is the main idea of the passage on Pages 14-15
A.How the “habit cycle” works.
B.Why bad habits should be changed.
C.There are no shortcuts to changing bad habits.
D.Forming good habits for a healthy lifestyle is beneficial to a teenager's life.
答案 D
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 and then match the following paragraphs with their main ideas.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Para.2
( )3.Paras.3-4 ( )4.Para.5
( )5.Para.6 ( )6.Para.7
A.There is no easy way to change bad habits.
B.How to facilitate a positive change in our bad habits.
C.Change bad habits gradually.
D.Reasons why teenagers must learn to change bad habits.
E.Young people have the power to build a healthy life full of good habits.
F.How a “habit cycle” works.
答案 1~6 DAFBCE
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 and then choose the best answers.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A.As teenagers grow up, they become more dependent.
B.It is necessary for teenagers to prevent harmful habits.
C.It can be hard for teenagers to form bad habits.
D.Teenagers needn't make appropriate changes to get rid of bad habits.
2.How does the “habit cycle” work
①We eat lots of unhealthy snacks.
②We continue the cycle.
③The bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
④We feel unhappy.
⑤Snacks make us feel happy.
A.④⑤②①③ B.⑤②④①③
C.②①③⑤④ D.④①⑤②③
3.According to Paragraph 5, what can we do when we feel unhappy again
A.Eat some meat.
B.Drink some cola.
C.Listen to music.
D.Take some medicine.
4.What attitude does the author take towards changing bad habits
A.Objective. B.Pessimistic.
C.Positive. D.Skeptical.
答案 1~4 BDCC
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 14-15.
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Why to change Some teenagers may form bad habits,which can lead to 1.and mental health problems.
How habits 2. Our lifestyle is the 3. of choices we have made.We choose to do something and repeat it,then the choice becomes 4. and forms a habit.
The habit 5. Firstly,a cue acts as a 6..Secondly,there is a routine in response to the cue.Thirdly,there is the 7. we get from the routine.
How to change Examine our bad habit cycles and try to adapt them.Try to replace a negative routine with something more 8..We can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.
Take small 9. It is not easy to break bad habits.We can not 10. straight away.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
答案 1.physical 2.form 3.sum 4.automatic 5.cycle 6.signal 7.reward 8.positive 9.steps 10.succeed
Ⅱ.Discussion
1.What is the writing purpose Work in pairs and figure it out.
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答案 On the one hand, the passage is written to help teenagers change their bad habits and live a healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, it provides us with a scientific way to identify and analyse our problems objectively, thus strengthening our resolve to tackle the seemingly common yet tough problems in our lives.
2.If you are going to conduct a survey about teenagers' habits in your school, how would you design your questionnaire and what suggestions would you give to people of your age
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答案 略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.The good news is that we can change,if we understand how habits work.
善分析 此句是复合句。that引导(1) 从句;在从句中if引导(2) 从句;how habits work是名词性从句,作understand的(3) 。
会翻译 (4)
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答案 (1) 表语 (2)条件状语 (3)宾语 (4) 好消息是如果我们明白习惯是如何形成的,我们就可以做出改变。
2.For example,when we come to an escalator (cue),our normal routine is to ride it,but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
善分析 此句是复合句。when引导(1) 从句;but连接表示(2) 关系的(3) 。
会翻译 (4)
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答案 (1)时间状语 (2)转折 (3)并列句 (4)例如,当我们走到自动扶梯时(暗示),我们通常的习惯是乘坐自动扶梯,但我们可以通过走楼梯来改变这种习惯,使之变成更积极的事情。
新知探究
核心素养
亚里士多德
亚里士多德是世界古代史上伟大的哲学家、科学家和教育家,堪称希腊哲学的集大成者。
他是柏拉图的学生,亚历山大的老师。马克思曾称亚里士多德是古希腊哲学家中最博学的人,恩格斯称他为“古代的黑格尔”。
作为一位百科全书式的科学家,他几乎对每个学科都做出了贡献。他的写作涉及伦理学、心理学、经济学、神学、政治学、修辞学、自然科学、教育学、诗歌、风俗,以及雅典法律。亚里士多德的著作构建了西方哲学的第一个广泛系统。
老 子
老子,姓李名耳,生卒年不详,籍贯也多有争议,《史记》等记载老子出生于春秋时期的陈国。老子是中国古代思想家、哲学家、文学家和史学家,道家学派创始人和主要代表人物,与庄子并称“老庄”。他曾被列为世界文化名人,世界百位历史名人之一。
解析教材
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
As teenagers grow up(1), they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits, if left unchecked(2), could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life(3) is essential.They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
健康的生活习惯
随着青少年的成长,他们变得更加独立,并且开始自己做决定。然而,在这个时期,有些青少年很容易养成不良习惯。如果不加以约束,在他们成年后这些不良习惯可能会导致更糟糕的习惯。例如,有些青少年可能会沉溺于烟酒,造成生理和心理健康问题。防止这些不良习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会尽早发现不良习惯并做出适当的改变。
【助读点拨】
(1)此处为As引导的时间状语从句,表示“随着……”。
(2)此处是if引导的条件状语从句的省略,其完整形式为if they are left unchecked。
(3)此处为动词不定式作主语。
_______________________________________________________________________________
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle(4): “We are what we repeatedly do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made.We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again.Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
改掉不良习惯绝非易事,即使尝试了很多次也是如此。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道:“重复的行为造就了我们。”在许多方面,我们的生活方式是我们所做选择的总和。我们选择做某事,然后一遍又一遍地重复。很快,这种选择就自动形成了一个更难改变的习惯。好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何形成的,我们就可以做出改变。
【助读点拨】
(4)此处为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a famous saying。
According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the “habit cycle”, which works like this:
Firstly, there is a “cue”, an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue.
Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward)(5).The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
根据现代心理学,我们必须首先了解“习惯周期”,其工作原理如下:
首先,存在着一个“暗示”,即一个动作、事件或情况,作为做某事的信号。
其次,存在着一种“惯常行为”,即你根据“暗示”所采取的常规行动。
第三,则是“奖励”,也就是我们从“惯常行为”中获得的益处或良好的感觉。
例如,当我们感到不快乐时(暗示),我们会吃很多不健康的零食(惯常行为),这会让我们感到快乐(奖励)。这个奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环,继而养成了依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。
【助读点拨】
(5)此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句,其中包含了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,宾语补足语为feel happy。
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive.So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward).Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转变,我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去调整。我们可以通过将习惯周期中的信息与自己的积极想法相结合来做到这一点。例如,我们可以尝试用更积极的事情来代替消极的习惯。因此,当我们再次感到不开心时(暗示),与其吃零食,不如听些我们喜欢的音乐(惯常行为),这会让我们感到放松(奖励)。除了改变不良习惯,我们还可以利用习惯循环来形成好习惯。例如,当我们走到自动扶梯时(暗示),我们通常的习惯是乘坐自动扶梯,但我们可以通过走楼梯来改变这种习惯,使之变成更积极的事情。
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote(6), “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential.To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
我们许多人都试图迅速改变不良习惯,如果我们不能立即成功,我们往往会变得悲观然后放弃。实际上,最成功的改变方法不是一蹴而就的,而是要经过一段时间的。正如中国哲学家老子所言:“千里之行始于足下。” 一小步看似渺小,却必不可少。为了达到改变的目的,一个人必须表现出一些纪律性,并反复采取许多小步骤。毕竟,改掉不良习惯并不容易。
【助读点拨】
(6)此处为As引导的非限制性定语从句,As指代后面整个主句的内容。
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits.However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you(7); you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits(8)!
对于年轻人来说,有足够的时间来改变不良习惯。然而,没有“神奇药丸”或删除按钮可以帮助你,你必须考虑自己的不良习惯并决定做出一些改变。你有能力营造一种充满良好习惯的幸福、健康的生活。
【助读点拨】
(7)此处为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词“magic pill” or delete button,that在从句中作主语。
(8)此处为动词不定式作后置定语。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 independent adj.自立的;有主见的;独立的;自主的 *independence n.独立;自主 *depend vi.取决(于) ;依靠;依赖
(P14)As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.
随着青少年的成长,他们变得更加独立,并且开始自己做决定。
知识拓展
be independent of sb/sth 不依赖某人/某物
gain independence from...从……中获得独立
depend on/upon 依赖;依靠;相信
经典佳句
Although she is young, she is very independent.
虽然她很年轻,但是很有主见。
Only five weeks old, the puppies are still finding their feet and slowly gaining independence from their mother.
小狗们才五周大,还在努力适应环境,慢慢从妈妈身边独立。
Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up.
我们是否需要更多的食物,这要视到场人数而定。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Tom is so (dependent) that he never asks his parents' opinions unless he wants their support.
(2)People are dependent mobile phones for storing information so much that they sometimes are unable to remember basic things.
(3)Although the Great Wall has lost its military value for a long time, it reflects the dignity(尊严), confidence and (independent) of the Chinese people.
(4)Susan wanted to be independent her parents after graduation.
答案 (1)independent (2)on (3)independence (4)of
知识点2 dominate vt.& vi.支配;控制;占有优势 *domination n.控制;支配 *dominant adj.占支配地位的;占优势的;显著的
(P14)To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential.
防止这些不良习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。
知识拓展
be dominated by... 被……控制;受……支配
经典佳句
Appreciation of works of art is bound to be dominated by a particular kind of interest.
对于艺术作品的欣赏必然受到一种特殊的兴趣爱好的支配。
The company has struggled to maintain its domination in the marketplace.
该公司奋力维持其市场支配地位。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Don't let the entire evening (dominate) by the past.
(2)It is natural that some companies are fighting for (dominate) of the market.
(3)The firm has achieved a (dominate)position in the world market.
答案 (1)be dominated (2)domination (3)dominant
知识点3 attempt n.& v.试图;尝试;努力
(P14)To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
改掉不良习惯绝非易事,即使尝试了很多次也是如此。
知识拓展
attempt to do sth 尝试/试图做某事(表具体的一次性行为)
attempt doing sth 尝试/试图做某事(表长期以来尝试做的事情)
make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试/试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事;竭尽全力做某事
经典佳句
They made no attempt to escape.
他们没有企图逃跑。
She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test at the first attempt.
当她第一次参加驾驶考试就顺利过关时,她骄傲得像只孔雀。
名师点拨
attempt to do sth 相当于try to do sth, 意为“试图做某事”, 但不一定成功; 而succeed in doing sth/manage to do sth 意为“成功地做了某事”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Without saying a word,she chose a needle with a small eye,and threaded it her first attempt.
(2)He attempted (escape) from the prison, but he couldn't find anybody to help him.
(3)We often buy souvenirs an attempt to bring home a piece of where we've been.
Ⅱ.一句多译
他们试图攀登那座小山。
(4) (attempt n.)
(5) (attempt v.)
答案 (1)at (2)to escape/escaping (3)in (4)They made an attempt to climb/at climbing that hill. (5)They attempted to climb/climbing that hill.
知识点4 reward n.回报;奖励;报酬vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬 *rewarding adj.有益的;值得做的;报酬高的
(P14)Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三,则是“奖励”,也就是我们从“惯常行为”中获得的益处或良好的感觉。
知识拓展
in reward for 为奖赏……;为报答……;作为……的报酬
as a reward for 作为对……的奖赏/回报
deserve a reward 值得奖励
reward sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人
reward sb with sth 用某物回报/奖励某人
be rewarded with sth得到某物作为回报
经典佳句
As a reward for his bravery,the soldier was given a medal.
作为对他的勇敢(行为)的奖赏,这名士兵被授予一枚奖章。
He rewarded us generously for helping him.
对于我们的帮助,他大加酬谢。
易混辨析
award、reward和prize的用法辨析:
award作名词时,表示“奖品;奖金”;作动词时,表示“授予;给予;判给”,可以跟双宾语,award sb sth“把某物授予/判给某人”。
reward作名词时,表示“赏金;奖励”,指的是用来回报他人或自己的付出而提供的奖励或报酬,既可以指金钱上的报酬,也可以指其他形式的奖励;作动词时,表示“奖赏;酬谢”,只能以人或人的行为作宾语。
prize作名词,表示“奖赏; 奖金;奖品”,尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用reward、award、prize的适当形式填空
(1)Eddie was the toast of Hollywood yesterday after winning three for his latest film.
(2)The winner of the competition was given a worth $3,000.
(3)Parents often give their children for getting high scores in exams.
Ⅱ.一句多译
我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。
(4)__________________________________________________________________(reward n.)
(5)__________________________________________________________________(reward v.)
答案 (1)awards (2)prize (3)rewards (4)I gave him a book in reward for/as a reward for his help. (5)I rewarded him with a book for his help.
知识点5 facilitate vt.促进;促使;使便利 *facility n.设施;设备 *facilitation n.促进;便利 *facilitator n.促进(或推动)……的事物;诱导者
(P15)To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化,我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去调整。
知识拓展
facilitate communication 促进交流
facilitate development/understanding 促进发展/理解
sports/leisure facility 体育/休闲设施
production facility 生产设备
经典佳句
The wise man may facilitate communication between the couple.
这位智者或许能促进这对夫妇之间的交流。
Students at the campus have access to excellent sports facilities.
在这个校园的学生可以使用极好的体育设施。
融会应用
Ⅰ. 单句填空
(1)We welcome them and will provide all possible (facilitate) and assistance.
(2)There is no doubt that he is the best (facilitate).
Ⅱ. 句式升级
(3)The local government will build a new airport which facilitates the development of tourism.
→The local government will build a new airport . (非谓语动词短语)
答案 (1)facilitation (2)facilitator (3)to facilitate the development of tourism
知识点6 examine vt.(仔细)检查;审查;测验 *examination n.检查;调查;考试
(P15)To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转变,我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去调整。
知识拓展
examine sb/sth for sth 检查某人/物以寻找(毛病、错误等)
examine sb in sth 在某方面考查某人
examine into 调查;检查
under examination 在检查/审查中
written examinations 笔试
final/terminal examinations 期末考试
the entrance examination 入学考试
经典佳句
He examined the man with a penetrating gaze.
他以锐利的目光仔细观察了那个人。
The proposals are still under examination.
这些提议还在审查中。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The doctor examined him possible heart disease.
(2)The teacher will examine the students music.
(3)None of your explanations can stand up close examination.
(4)The date of the (examine) will be announced to all schools later in the year.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)(2023·河北石家庄二中月考)There is no doubt that every student .
毫无疑问,每个学生都希望在考试中取得好成绩。
答案 (1)for (2)in (3)under (4)examination (5)wishes to get good grades in examinations
知识点7 pessimistic adj.悲观的;悲观主义的 *pessimism n.悲观;悲观情绪;悲观主义 *pessimist n.悲观主义者 *(反义词) optimistic adj.乐观的
(P15)Many of us try to change bad habits quickly,and if we are not successful straight away,we often become pessimistic and give up.
我们许多人都试图迅速改变不良习惯,如果我们不能立即成功,我们往往会变得悲观然后放弃。
知识拓展
be pessimistic about 对……悲观
be optimistic about 对……乐观
经典佳句
I think you are being far too pessimistic.
我觉得你过于悲观了。
Powerful people tend to be more confident and more optimistic.
强大的人往往更加自信而乐观。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The doctors are pessimistic his chances of recovery.
(2)He never gave himself up to (pessimistic) in spite of difficulties.
(3)Research has found that the (pessimistic) doesn't take good care of himself.
答案 (1)about (2)pessimism (3)pessimist
短 语 句 式
知识点8 in response to 对……做出反应;回答;答复
(P14)Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue.
其次,存在着一种“惯常行为”,即你根据“暗示”所采取的常规行动。
知识拓展
make a response to 对……做出回应
make no response (to) (对……)没有回答
respond to sth/sb (with sth/by doing sth)(用某事/做某事)回应某事/某人
经典佳句
His letter in response to her request contained a firm refusal.
对于她的请求,他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。
How did they respond to the news
他们对这则消息有什么反应
名师点拨
“in+n.+to”结构的短语还有in reply to “作为对……的回复”、in contrast to “与……相比”、in preference to “优先于”、in regard to “关于;对于”、in addition to “除……外”等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句写作
(1) the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
应观众的强烈要求,这部戏剧将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。
(2)The government should this phenomenon.
对于这一现象,政府应做出适当和必要的回应。
Ⅱ.一句多译
收到短信并不意味着你需要答复它。
(3)Receiving a text message does not mean you need to it.(respond)
(4)Receiving a text message does not mean you need to it.(response)
答案 (1)In response to (2)make an appropriate and necessary response to (3)respond to (4)make a response to
知识点9 rely on依赖;依靠;信赖
(P15)The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这个奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环,继而养成了依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。
知识拓展
rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon (doing) sth 依赖/依靠/指望(做)某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……;指望……
经典佳句
I know I can rely on you to sort it out.
我知道我能依靠你来解决问题。
You may rely on it that she won't be late.
你可以放心,她不会迟到的。
名师点拨
在“rely on it+that从句”中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此类似的有depend on/see to it+that从句、appreciate it+if从句、like/hate it+when从句。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Nowadays parents do everything for their children, which makes the children relytheir parents badly.
(2)Nowadays the children rely more on their parents (do) everything for them.
(3)Since my son was born, I rely completely on (buy) what I need online.
Ⅱ.句型转换
(4)You can rely on me to help you when you are in trouble.
→__________________________________________________(含有it作形式宾语的复合句)
答案 (1)on/upon (2)to do (3)buying (4)You can rely on it that I will help you when you are in trouble.
知识点10 decide on 决定;选定
(P15)...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
你必须考虑自己的不良习惯并决定做出一些改变。
知识拓展
decide to do sth 决定去做某事
decide between A and B 在A与B之间做选择
make a decision 做决定
come to/reach/arrive at a decision做出决定;决定
经典佳句
When deciding on which candidate to support, voters consider many things.
当决定支持哪位候选人时,选民们会考虑很多事情。
This is not a job for someone who lacks decision.
不果断的人不适宜做这工作。
名师点拨
表示“下定决心做某事”的短语还有determine to do sth、be determined to do sth、make up one's mind to do sth等。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)His delighted look made her decide (ask) about it.
(2)We need a decision this by next week.
(3)She refused to discuss her (decide) to quit the group.
答案 (1)to ask (2)on (3)decision
知识点11 if引导的条件状语从句的省略
(P14)These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
如果不加以约束,在他们成年后这些不良习惯可能会导致更糟糕的习惯。
知识拓展
句中的if left unchecked是if引导的条件状语从句的省略,其完整形式为if they are left unchecked。
状语从句中的省略:
(1)省略主语和be动词:当从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语动词是be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。
He won't come unless (he is) invited.
除非受到邀请,否则他不会来的。
(2)省略it和be动词:当从句的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时,可以把it和be动词一起省略。
Whenever (it was) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
只要有可能,他们会阻止他并且问他这三个问题。
(3)在if so/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的内容。
if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不这样的话
(4)掌握下列短语:
if any如果有的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
What action, if any, would/will you take
如果有的话,你会采取什么措施
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if (carry) out regularly, can improve our health.
(2)—Who should be responsible for the accident
—The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order as (tell).
(3)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If , we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)Whenever I am informed of a party, I feel excited.(改为省略句)
→ ,I feel excited.
(5)The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted for television, would be a hit.(改为完整的状语从句)
→The director was fully convinced that this moving story, ,would be a hit.
答案 (1)carried (2)told (3)so (4)Whenever informed of a party (5)if it was adapted for television
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Millions of people gave freely in response the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.
2.The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.I believe you will have a (reward) experience there.
3.So (absorb) was my brother in our talk that he took a wrong turn on the way to the airport.
4.We must decide a topic before we start to write.
5.His breakfast is (compose) of dry bread and a cup of tea.
6.Do you eat cakes or other(sugar) snacks
7.Before the race, he was fine.But afterwards he was worn .
8.There is no doubt that it (enhance) people's consciousness of health.
答案 1.to 2.rewarding 3.absorbed 4.on 5.composed 6.sugary 7.out 8.enhances
Ⅱ.选词填空
after all; in response to; decide on; rely on; replace... with; prevent...from; straight away; take steps
1.These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
2.Now that you have graduated from college, you should not your parents any more.
3.When you see someone choked, you must give him first aid .
4.After graduating from university, my sister a career in publishing.
5.She is not content with her present a lot and wishes to to improve it.
6.Why not give him another chance , everybody makes mistakes.
7.Doctors take out part of the human body and it artificial parts.
8.The father is trying his best to his son abandoning himself to the Internet.
答案 1.in response to 2.rely on 3.straight away
4.decided on 5.take steps 6.After all 7.replace; with 8.prevent;from
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As teenagers grow up,they become more independent and start making their own 1.(decide).However,during this period,it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits,if 2.(leave) unchecked,could lead to more serious ones when they become 3. (adult).To change bad habits is never easy,even with many attempts.The good news is that we can change,if we understand 4. habits work.To facilitate 5.positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by 6.(combine) the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle 7. (create) good habits.
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly,and if we are not successful straight away,we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact,the most successful way to change is not suddenly, 8. over a period of time.To reach the goal of change,a person must 9.(repeat) take many small steps.Young people have the power 10.(build) a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
答案 1.decisions 2.left 3.adults 4.how 5.a
6.combining 7.to create 8.but 9.repeatedly 10.to build
Ⅳ.读后续写微技能——描述困难
1.阅读课文中含有描述困难的语句
(1)To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
(2)Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.
(3)In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.
2.选出下列语句中没有描述困难的语句
A.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
B.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
C.One step seems small, but it is essential.
答案 BC
Ⅴ.创新活动
争分夺秒(Urgent Task)
活动说明:
准备5套可拼成句子的单词卡,老师把卡片打乱。看哪组能最先拼出完整的句子。派一名学生在展示板上写出正确的句子。在正确的情况下,用时最少的小组获得最高加分。分值分别为5、4、3、2、1。纠正其他组的错误,可获得额外加分。
1.what of her she an abuse did was power
2.the of he importance stressed praise
3.not she was to during the leaving winter accustomed home
4.he year because quit health the of bad show last
5.thick a man leading young a his to the fog goat lost way due
答案
1.What she did was an abuse of her power.
2.He stressed the importance of praise.
3.She was not accustomed to leaving home during the winter.
4.He quit the show last year because of bad health.
5.A young man leading a goat lost his way due to the thick fog.
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1∶4 to 1∶7 depending the age group.
2.(2022·北京)He didn't attempt (walk) back home; he waited and trusted.
3.(2022·浙江)How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are careful examination in many workplaces.
4.(2022·全国乙)Their responses the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.”
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided (join) the cross-country team.
6.(2022· 全国甲)The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
7.(2022·浙江1月)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans to continue the practice.“It has been fairly(reward),” she says, “a really positive change.”
答案 1.on 2.to walk 3.under 4.to 5.to join
6.on 7.rewarding
2
【学习目标】
1.阅读文章,分析文章的语篇结构和语言特点,并学会确定文章的段落大意。(语言能力)
2.了解不良习惯的危害并意识到改正不良习惯的必要性及艰难性;学会积极改正不良习惯的方法并养成健康的生活方式。(文化意识,思维品质)
3.通过分析课文,培养略读和查读等阅读能力和分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
4.通过对教材课文的阅读,理解插图中的信息;在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
( )1.abuse ( )2.dominate
( )3.reward ( )4.negative
( )5.discipline ( )6.liberation
( )7.skip ( )8.stimulate
( )9.dynamic ( )10.enhance
A.vt.激发;促进;刺激
B.n.解放;摆脱
C.adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的
D.vt.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳 n.蹦跳
E.vt.提高;增强;增进
F.n.& vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂
G.vt.& vi.支配;控制;占有优势
H.n.自制力;纪律;学科 vt.自我控制;管教;处罚
I.n.回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
J.adj.消极的;有害的;否定的
答案 1~5 FGIJH 6~10 BDACE
Ⅱ.默写单词
1. n.烟草;烟叶
2. n.心理学;心理;心理影响
3. n.提示;暗示;信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)
4. vt.促进;促使;使便利
5. n.外科医生
6. n.毒品;药物
7. adj.头晕目眩的
8. adj.含糖的;甜的
9. n.喜剧;喜剧片;滑稽节目
10. vt.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新
答案 1.tobacco 2.psychology 3.cue 4.facilitate 5.surgeon 6.drug 7.dizzy 8.sugary 9.comedy
10.refresh
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. adj.身体的;客观存在的;物理学的→ adv.身体上→n.物理学→ n.医师;(尤指)内科医生
2. vt.& vi.支配;控制;占有优势→ n.支配;控制
3. adv.重复地→v.重复
4. vt.(仔细)检查;审查;测验→n.检查;审查;检验
5. adj.消极的;有害的;否定的→ adv.消极地;否定地
6. n.外科医生 → n.外科手术
7. n.解放;摆脱 → v.解放
8. adj.含糖的;甜的→ n.糖
9. n.酒;酒精→ adj.含酒精的;饮酒引起的
10. n.回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬→ adj.值得做的;有益的;报酬高的
11. adj.悲观的;悲观主义的 → n.悲观;悲观主义
12. v.组成;作曲;撰写→ n.作曲家
13. vt.激发;促进;刺激→ n.刺激
14. vi.& vt.& n.剃(须发);刮脸→ n.电动剃须刀
15. n.香烟;卷烟→ n.雪茄烟
答案 1.physical;physically;physics;physician
2.dominate;domination 3.repeatedly;repeat
4.examine;examination 5.negative;negatively
6.surgeon;surgery 7.liberation;liberate 8.sugary;sugar 9.alcohol;alcoholic 10.reward;rewarding
11.pessimistic;pessimism 12.compose;composer 13.stimulate;stimulation 14.shave;shaver
15.cigarette;cigar
构词规律
v.-ed+-ly→adv.
repeated → repeatedly 重复地
excited → excitedly 兴奋地;激动地
marked → markedly 显著地
Step 2 短语记诵
1.shave剃掉;刮去
2.worn筋疲力尽的;疲惫的
3.straight立即;马上
4.rely依赖;依靠;信赖
5.decide决定;选定
6.stressed out
7.be absorbed in
8.be composed of
9.make up one's mind
10.in response to
答案 1.off 2.out 3.away 4.on 5.on 6.焦虑不安;心力交瘁 7.全神贯注于;专心于 8.由……组成(或构成)的 9.下定决心 10.回答;答复
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.These bad habits,if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.(if引导的条件状语从句的省略)
翻译 如果不加以约束,在他们成年后这些不良习惯可能会导致更糟糕的习惯。
仿写 The material will explode .
如果受热,这种材料将会爆炸。
2.There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle:“We are what we repeatedly do.”(过去分词短语作定语)
翻译 有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道:“重复的行为造就了我们。”
仿写 The student is my sister.
那个穿白色衣服的学生是我的姐姐。
3.In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.(not...but...句式)
翻译 实际上,最成功的改变方法不是一蹴而就的,而是要经过一段时间的。
仿写 What they want is .
他们要的不是你的怜悯,而是你的帮助。
答案 1.if heated 2.dressed in white 3.not your pity but your help
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Can you list some unhealthy habits
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答案 Staying up late; Alcohol abuse (drinking); Tobacco abuse(smoking);Absorbed in computer games; Excessive diet.
Ⅱ.What should we do to get rid of the bad habits and develop good ones
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答案
1.Have enough determination and courage to change the bad habits.
2.Do not give up halfway.
3.Make friends with people who have good habits and learn from them.
4.Take advice from others who successfully change the bad habits and develop good ones.
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.What is the main idea of the passage on Pages 14-15
A.How the “habit cycle” works.
B.Why bad habits should be changed.
C.There are no shortcuts to changing bad habits.
D.Forming good habits for a healthy lifestyle is beneficial to a teenager's life.
答案 D
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 and then match the following paragraphs with their main ideas.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Para.2
( )3.Paras.3-4 ( )4.Para.5
( )5.Para.6 ( )6.Para.7
A.There is no easy way to change bad habits.
B.How to facilitate a positive change in our bad habits.
C.Change bad habits gradually.
D.Reasons why teenagers must learn to change bad habits.
E.Young people have the power to build a healthy life full of good habits.
F.How a “habit cycle” works.
答案 1~6 DAFBCE
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 14-15 and then choose the best answers.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A.As teenagers grow up, they become more dependent.
B.It is necessary for teenagers to prevent harmful habits.
C.It can be hard for teenagers to form bad habits.
D.Teenagers needn't make appropriate changes to get rid of bad habits.
2.How does the “habit cycle” work
①We eat lots of unhealthy snacks.
②We continue the cycle.
③The bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
④We feel unhappy.
⑤Snacks make us feel happy.
A.④⑤②①③ B.⑤②④①③
C.②①③⑤④ D.④①⑤②③
3.According to Paragraph 5, what can we do when we feel unhappy again
A.Eat some meat.
B.Drink some cola.
C.Listen to music.
D.Take some medicine.
4.What attitude does the author take towards changing bad habits
A.Objective. B.Pessimistic.
C.Positive. D.Skeptical.
答案 1~4 BDCC
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 14-15.
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Why to change Some teenagers may form bad habits,which can lead to 1.and mental health problems.
How habits 2. Our lifestyle is the 3. of choices we have made.We choose to do something and repeat it,then the choice becomes 4. and forms a habit.
The habit 5. Firstly,a cue acts as a 6..Secondly,there is a routine in response to the cue.Thirdly,there is the 7. we get from the routine.
How to change Examine our bad habit cycles and try to adapt them.Try to replace a negative routine with something more 8..We can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.
Take small 9. It is not easy to break bad habits.We can not 10. straight away.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
答案 1.physical 2.form 3.sum 4.automatic 5.cycle 6.signal 7.reward 8.positive 9.steps 10.succeed
Ⅱ.Discussion
1.What is the writing purpose Work in pairs and figure it out.
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答案 On the one hand, the passage is written to help teenagers change their bad habits and live a healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, it provides us with a scientific way to identify and analyse our problems objectively, thus strengthening our resolve to tackle the seemingly common yet tough problems in our lives.
2.If you are going to conduct a survey about teenagers' habits in your school, how would you design your questionnaire and what suggestions would you give to people of your age
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答案 略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.The good news is that we can change,if we understand how habits work.
善分析 此句是复合句。that引导(1) 从句;在从句中if引导(2) 从句;how habits work是名词性从句,作understand的(3) 。
会翻译 (4)
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答案 (1) 表语 (2)条件状语 (3)宾语 (4) 好消息是如果我们明白习惯是如何形成的,我们就可以做出改变。
2.For example,when we come to an escalator (cue),our normal routine is to ride it,but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
善分析 此句是复合句。when引导(1) 从句;but连接表示(2) 关系的(3) 。
会翻译 (4)
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答案 (1)时间状语 (2)转折 (3)并列句 (4)例如,当我们走到自动扶梯时(暗示),我们通常的习惯是乘坐自动扶梯,但我们可以通过走楼梯来改变这种习惯,使之变成更积极的事情。
新知探究
核心素养
亚里士多德
亚里士多德是世界古代史上伟大的哲学家、科学家和教育家,堪称希腊哲学的集大成者。
他是柏拉图的学生,亚历山大的老师。马克思曾称亚里士多德是古希腊哲学家中最博学的人,恩格斯称他为“古代的黑格尔”。
作为一位百科全书式的科学家,他几乎对每个学科都做出了贡献。他的写作涉及伦理学、心理学、经济学、神学、政治学、修辞学、自然科学、教育学、诗歌、风俗,以及雅典法律。亚里士多德的著作构建了西方哲学的第一个广泛系统。
老 子
老子,姓李名耳,生卒年不详,籍贯也多有争议,《史记》等记载老子出生于春秋时期的陈国。老子是中国古代思想家、哲学家、文学家和史学家,道家学派创始人和主要代表人物,与庄子并称“老庄”。他曾被列为世界文化名人,世界百位历史名人之一。
解析教材
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
As teenagers grow up(1), they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits, if left unchecked(2), could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life(3) is essential.They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
健康的生活习惯
随着青少年的成长,他们变得更加独立,并且开始自己做决定。然而,在这个时期,有些青少年很容易养成不良习惯。如果不加以约束,在他们成年后这些不良习惯可能会导致更糟糕的习惯。例如,有些青少年可能会沉溺于烟酒,造成生理和心理健康问题。防止这些不良习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会尽早发现不良习惯并做出适当的改变。
【助读点拨】
(1)此处为As引导的时间状语从句,表示“随着……”。
(2)此处是if引导的条件状语从句的省略,其完整形式为if they are left unchecked。
(3)此处为动词不定式作主语。
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To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle(4): “We are what we repeatedly do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made.We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again.Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
改掉不良习惯绝非易事,即使尝试了很多次也是如此。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道:“重复的行为造就了我们。”在许多方面,我们的生活方式是我们所做选择的总和。我们选择做某事,然后一遍又一遍地重复。很快,这种选择就自动形成了一个更难改变的习惯。好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何形成的,我们就可以做出改变。
【助读点拨】
(4)此处为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a famous saying。
According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the “habit cycle”, which works like this:
Firstly, there is a “cue”, an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue.
Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward)(5).The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
根据现代心理学,我们必须首先了解“习惯周期”,其工作原理如下:
首先,存在着一个“暗示”,即一个动作、事件或情况,作为做某事的信号。
其次,存在着一种“惯常行为”,即你根据“暗示”所采取的常规行动。
第三,则是“奖励”,也就是我们从“惯常行为”中获得的益处或良好的感觉。
例如,当我们感到不快乐时(暗示),我们会吃很多不健康的零食(惯常行为),这会让我们感到快乐(奖励)。这个奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环,继而养成了依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。
【助读点拨】
(5)此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句,其中包含了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,宾语补足语为feel happy。
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive.So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward).Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转变,我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去调整。我们可以通过将习惯周期中的信息与自己的积极想法相结合来做到这一点。例如,我们可以尝试用更积极的事情来代替消极的习惯。因此,当我们再次感到不开心时(暗示),与其吃零食,不如听些我们喜欢的音乐(惯常行为),这会让我们感到放松(奖励)。除了改变不良习惯,我们还可以利用习惯循环来形成好习惯。例如,当我们走到自动扶梯时(暗示),我们通常的习惯是乘坐自动扶梯,但我们可以通过走楼梯来改变这种习惯,使之变成更积极的事情。
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote(6), “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential.To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
我们许多人都试图迅速改变不良习惯,如果我们不能立即成功,我们往往会变得悲观然后放弃。实际上,最成功的改变方法不是一蹴而就的,而是要经过一段时间的。正如中国哲学家老子所言:“千里之行始于足下。” 一小步看似渺小,却必不可少。为了达到改变的目的,一个人必须表现出一些纪律性,并反复采取许多小步骤。毕竟,改掉不良习惯并不容易。
【助读点拨】
(6)此处为As引导的非限制性定语从句,As指代后面整个主句的内容。
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits.However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you(7); you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits(8)!
对于年轻人来说,有足够的时间来改变不良习惯。然而,没有“神奇药丸”或删除按钮可以帮助你,你必须考虑自己的不良习惯并决定做出一些改变。你有能力营造一种充满良好习惯的幸福、健康的生活。
【助读点拨】
(7)此处为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词“magic pill” or delete button,that在从句中作主语。
(8)此处为动词不定式作后置定语。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 independent adj.自立的;有主见的;独立的;自主的 *independence n.独立;自主 *depend vi.取决(于) ;依靠;依赖
(P14)As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.
随着青少年的成长,他们变得更加独立,并且开始自己做决定。
知识拓展
be independent of sb/sth 不依赖某人/某物
gain independence from...从……中获得独立
depend on/upon 依赖;依靠;相信
经典佳句
Although she is young, she is very independent.
虽然她很年轻,但是很有主见。
Only five weeks old, the puppies are still finding their feet and slowly gaining independence from their mother.
小狗们才五周大,还在努力适应环境,慢慢从妈妈身边独立。
Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up.
我们是否需要更多的食物,这要视到场人数而定。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Tom is so (dependent) that he never asks his parents' opinions unless he wants their support.
(2)People are dependent mobile phones for storing information so much that they sometimes are unable to remember basic things.
(3)Although the Great Wall has lost its military value for a long time, it reflects the dignity(尊严), confidence and (independent) of the Chinese people.
(4)Susan wanted to be independent her parents after graduation.
答案 (1)independent (2)on (3)independence (4)of
知识点2 dominate vt.& vi.支配;控制;占有优势 *domination n.控制;支配 *dominant adj.占支配地位的;占优势的;显著的
(P14)To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential.
防止这些不良习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。
知识拓展
be dominated by... 被……控制;受……支配
经典佳句
Appreciation of works of art is bound to be dominated by a particular kind of interest.
对于艺术作品的欣赏必然受到一种特殊的兴趣爱好的支配。
The company has struggled to maintain its domination in the marketplace.
该公司奋力维持其市场支配地位。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Don't let the entire evening (dominate) by the past.
(2)It is natural that some companies are fighting for (dominate) of the market.
(3)The firm has achieved a (dominate)position in the world market.
答案 (1)be dominated (2)domination (3)dominant
知识点3 attempt n.& v.试图;尝试;努力
(P14)To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
改掉不良习惯绝非易事,即使尝试了很多次也是如此。
知识拓展
attempt to do sth 尝试/试图做某事(表具体的一次性行为)
attempt doing sth 尝试/试图做某事(表长期以来尝试做的事情)
make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试/试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事;竭尽全力做某事
经典佳句
They made no attempt to escape.
他们没有企图逃跑。
She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test at the first attempt.
当她第一次参加驾驶考试就顺利过关时,她骄傲得像只孔雀。
名师点拨
attempt to do sth 相当于try to do sth, 意为“试图做某事”, 但不一定成功; 而succeed in doing sth/manage to do sth 意为“成功地做了某事”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Without saying a word,she chose a needle with a small eye,and threaded it her first attempt.
(2)He attempted (escape) from the prison, but he couldn't find anybody to help him.
(3)We often buy souvenirs an attempt to bring home a piece of where we've been.
Ⅱ.一句多译
他们试图攀登那座小山。
(4) (attempt n.)
(5) (attempt v.)
答案 (1)at (2)to escape/escaping (3)in (4)They made an attempt to climb/at climbing that hill. (5)They attempted to climb/climbing that hill.
知识点4 reward n.回报;奖励;报酬vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬 *rewarding adj.有益的;值得做的;报酬高的
(P14)Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三,则是“奖励”,也就是我们从“惯常行为”中获得的益处或良好的感觉。
知识拓展
in reward for 为奖赏……;为报答……;作为……的报酬
as a reward for 作为对……的奖赏/回报
deserve a reward 值得奖励
reward sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人
reward sb with sth 用某物回报/奖励某人
be rewarded with sth得到某物作为回报
经典佳句
As a reward for his bravery,the soldier was given a medal.
作为对他的勇敢(行为)的奖赏,这名士兵被授予一枚奖章。
He rewarded us generously for helping him.
对于我们的帮助,他大加酬谢。
易混辨析
award、reward和prize的用法辨析:
award作名词时,表示“奖品;奖金”;作动词时,表示“授予;给予;判给”,可以跟双宾语,award sb sth“把某物授予/判给某人”。
reward作名词时,表示“赏金;奖励”,指的是用来回报他人或自己的付出而提供的奖励或报酬,既可以指金钱上的报酬,也可以指其他形式的奖励;作动词时,表示“奖赏;酬谢”,只能以人或人的行为作宾语。
prize作名词,表示“奖赏; 奖金;奖品”,尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用reward、award、prize的适当形式填空
(1)Eddie was the toast of Hollywood yesterday after winning three for his latest film.
(2)The winner of the competition was given a worth $3,000.
(3)Parents often give their children for getting high scores in exams.
Ⅱ.一句多译
我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。
(4)__________________________________________________________________(reward n.)
(5)__________________________________________________________________(reward v.)
答案 (1)awards (2)prize (3)rewards (4)I gave him a book in reward for/as a reward for his help. (5)I rewarded him with a book for his help.
知识点5 facilitate vt.促进;促使;使便利 *facility n.设施;设备 *facilitation n.促进;便利 *facilitator n.促进(或推动)……的事物;诱导者
(P15)To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化,我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去调整。
知识拓展
facilitate communication 促进交流
facilitate development/understanding 促进发展/理解
sports/leisure facility 体育/休闲设施
production facility 生产设备
经典佳句
The wise man may facilitate communication between the couple.
这位智者或许能促进这对夫妇之间的交流。
Students at the campus have access to excellent sports facilities.
在这个校园的学生可以使用极好的体育设施。
融会应用
Ⅰ. 单句填空
(1)We welcome them and will provide all possible (facilitate) and assistance.
(2)There is no doubt that he is the best (facilitate).
Ⅱ. 句式升级
(3)The local government will build a new airport which facilitates the development of tourism.
→The local government will build a new airport . (非谓语动词短语)
答案 (1)facilitation (2)facilitator (3)to facilitate the development of tourism
知识点6 examine vt.(仔细)检查;审查;测验 *examination n.检查;调查;考试
(P15)To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转变,我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去调整。
知识拓展
examine sb/sth for sth 检查某人/物以寻找(毛病、错误等)
examine sb in sth 在某方面考查某人
examine into 调查;检查
under examination 在检查/审查中
written examinations 笔试
final/terminal examinations 期末考试
the entrance examination 入学考试
经典佳句
He examined the man with a penetrating gaze.
他以锐利的目光仔细观察了那个人。
The proposals are still under examination.
这些提议还在审查中。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The doctor examined him possible heart disease.
(2)The teacher will examine the students music.
(3)None of your explanations can stand up close examination.
(4)The date of the (examine) will be announced to all schools later in the year.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)(2023·河北石家庄二中月考)There is no doubt that every student .
毫无疑问,每个学生都希望在考试中取得好成绩。
答案 (1)for (2)in (3)under (4)examination (5)wishes to get good grades in examinations
知识点7 pessimistic adj.悲观的;悲观主义的 *pessimism n.悲观;悲观情绪;悲观主义 *pessimist n.悲观主义者 *(反义词) optimistic adj.乐观的
(P15)Many of us try to change bad habits quickly,and if we are not successful straight away,we often become pessimistic and give up.
我们许多人都试图迅速改变不良习惯,如果我们不能立即成功,我们往往会变得悲观然后放弃。
知识拓展
be pessimistic about 对……悲观
be optimistic about 对……乐观
经典佳句
I think you are being far too pessimistic.
我觉得你过于悲观了。
Powerful people tend to be more confident and more optimistic.
强大的人往往更加自信而乐观。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The doctors are pessimistic his chances of recovery.
(2)He never gave himself up to (pessimistic) in spite of difficulties.
(3)Research has found that the (pessimistic) doesn't take good care of himself.
答案 (1)about (2)pessimism (3)pessimist
短 语 句 式
知识点8 in response to 对……做出反应;回答;答复
(P14)Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue.
其次,存在着一种“惯常行为”,即你根据“暗示”所采取的常规行动。
知识拓展
make a response to 对……做出回应
make no response (to) (对……)没有回答
respond to sth/sb (with sth/by doing sth)(用某事/做某事)回应某事/某人
经典佳句
His letter in response to her request contained a firm refusal.
对于她的请求,他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。
How did they respond to the news
他们对这则消息有什么反应
名师点拨
“in+n.+to”结构的短语还有in reply to “作为对……的回复”、in contrast to “与……相比”、in preference to “优先于”、in regard to “关于;对于”、in addition to “除……外”等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句写作
(1) the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
应观众的强烈要求,这部戏剧将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。
(2)The government should this phenomenon.
对于这一现象,政府应做出适当和必要的回应。
Ⅱ.一句多译
收到短信并不意味着你需要答复它。
(3)Receiving a text message does not mean you need to it.(respond)
(4)Receiving a text message does not mean you need to it.(response)
答案 (1)In response to (2)make an appropriate and necessary response to (3)respond to (4)make a response to
知识点9 rely on依赖;依靠;信赖
(P15)The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
这个奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环,继而养成了依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。
知识拓展
rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon (doing) sth 依赖/依靠/指望(做)某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……;指望……
经典佳句
I know I can rely on you to sort it out.
我知道我能依靠你来解决问题。
You may rely on it that she won't be late.
你可以放心,她不会迟到的。
名师点拨
在“rely on it+that从句”中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此类似的有depend on/see to it+that从句、appreciate it+if从句、like/hate it+when从句。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Nowadays parents do everything for their children, which makes the children relytheir parents badly.
(2)Nowadays the children rely more on their parents (do) everything for them.
(3)Since my son was born, I rely completely on (buy) what I need online.
Ⅱ.句型转换
(4)You can rely on me to help you when you are in trouble.
→__________________________________________________(含有it作形式宾语的复合句)
答案 (1)on/upon (2)to do (3)buying (4)You can rely on it that I will help you when you are in trouble.
知识点10 decide on 决定;选定
(P15)...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
你必须考虑自己的不良习惯并决定做出一些改变。
知识拓展
decide to do sth 决定去做某事
decide between A and B 在A与B之间做选择
make a decision 做决定
come to/reach/arrive at a decision做出决定;决定
经典佳句
When deciding on which candidate to support, voters consider many things.
当决定支持哪位候选人时,选民们会考虑很多事情。
This is not a job for someone who lacks decision.
不果断的人不适宜做这工作。
名师点拨
表示“下定决心做某事”的短语还有determine to do sth、be determined to do sth、make up one's mind to do sth等。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)His delighted look made her decide (ask) about it.
(2)We need a decision this by next week.
(3)She refused to discuss her (decide) to quit the group.
答案 (1)to ask (2)on (3)decision
知识点11 if引导的条件状语从句的省略
(P14)These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
如果不加以约束,在他们成年后这些不良习惯可能会导致更糟糕的习惯。
知识拓展
句中的if left unchecked是if引导的条件状语从句的省略,其完整形式为if they are left unchecked。
状语从句中的省略:
(1)省略主语和be动词:当从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语动词是be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。
He won't come unless (he is) invited.
除非受到邀请,否则他不会来的。
(2)省略it和be动词:当从句的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时,可以把it和be动词一起省略。
Whenever (it was) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
只要有可能,他们会阻止他并且问他这三个问题。
(3)在if so/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的内容。
if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不这样的话
(4)掌握下列短语:
if any如果有的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
What action, if any, would/will you take
如果有的话,你会采取什么措施
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if (carry) out regularly, can improve our health.
(2)—Who should be responsible for the accident
—The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order as (tell).
(3)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If , we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)Whenever I am informed of a party, I feel excited.(改为省略句)
→ ,I feel excited.
(5)The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted for television, would be a hit.(改为完整的状语从句)
→The director was fully convinced that this moving story, ,would be a hit.
答案 (1)carried (2)told (3)so (4)Whenever informed of a party (5)if it was adapted for television
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Millions of people gave freely in response the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.
2.The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.I believe you will have a (reward) experience there.
3.So (absorb) was my brother in our talk that he took a wrong turn on the way to the airport.
4.We must decide a topic before we start to write.
5.His breakfast is (compose) of dry bread and a cup of tea.
6.Do you eat cakes or other(sugar) snacks
7.Before the race, he was fine.But afterwards he was worn .
8.There is no doubt that it (enhance) people's consciousness of health.
答案 1.to 2.rewarding 3.absorbed 4.on 5.composed 6.sugary 7.out 8.enhances
Ⅱ.选词填空
after all; in response to; decide on; rely on; replace... with; prevent...from; straight away; take steps
1.These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
2.Now that you have graduated from college, you should not your parents any more.
3.When you see someone choked, you must give him first aid .
4.After graduating from university, my sister a career in publishing.
5.She is not content with her present a lot and wishes to to improve it.
6.Why not give him another chance , everybody makes mistakes.
7.Doctors take out part of the human body and it artificial parts.
8.The father is trying his best to his son abandoning himself to the Internet.
答案 1.in response to 2.rely on 3.straight away
4.decided on 5.take steps 6.After all 7.replace; with 8.prevent;from
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As teenagers grow up,they become more independent and start making their own 1.(decide).However,during this period,it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits,if 2.(leave) unchecked,could lead to more serious ones when they become 3. (adult).To change bad habits is never easy,even with many attempts.The good news is that we can change,if we understand 4. habits work.To facilitate 5.positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by 6.(combine) the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle 7. (create) good habits.
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly,and if we are not successful straight away,we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact,the most successful way to change is not suddenly, 8. over a period of time.To reach the goal of change,a person must 9.(repeat) take many small steps.Young people have the power 10.(build) a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
答案 1.decisions 2.left 3.adults 4.how 5.a
6.combining 7.to create 8.but 9.repeatedly 10.to build
Ⅳ.读后续写微技能——描述困难
1.阅读课文中含有描述困难的语句
(1)To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
(2)Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.
(3)In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.
2.选出下列语句中没有描述困难的语句
A.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
B.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
C.One step seems small, but it is essential.
答案 BC
Ⅴ.创新活动
争分夺秒(Urgent Task)
活动说明:
准备5套可拼成句子的单词卡,老师把卡片打乱。看哪组能最先拼出完整的句子。派一名学生在展示板上写出正确的句子。在正确的情况下,用时最少的小组获得最高加分。分值分别为5、4、3、2、1。纠正其他组的错误,可获得额外加分。
1.what of her she an abuse did was power
2.the of he importance stressed praise
3.not she was to during the leaving winter accustomed home
4.he year because quit health the of bad show last
5.thick a man leading young a his to the fog goat lost way due
答案
1.What she did was an abuse of her power.
2.He stressed the importance of praise.
3.She was not accustomed to leaving home during the winter.
4.He quit the show last year because of bad health.
5.A young man leading a goat lost his way due to the thick fog.
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1∶4 to 1∶7 depending the age group.
2.(2022·北京)He didn't attempt (walk) back home; he waited and trusted.
3.(2022·浙江)How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are careful examination in many workplaces.
4.(2022·全国乙)Their responses the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.”
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided (join) the cross-country team.
6.(2022· 全国甲)The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
7.(2022·浙江1月)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans to continue the practice.“It has been fairly(reward),” she says, “a really positive change.”
答案 1.on 2.to walk 3.under 4.to 5.to join
6.on 7.rewarding
2