中考复习——介词(含解析)

文档属性

名称 中考复习——介词(含解析)
格式 docx
文件大小 29.6KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2024-04-08 07:19:51

图片预览

文档简介

中考复习——介词
一、单选题
1.We usually have the first class ____ 8:00 in the morning.
A.of B.in C.on D.at
2.I got Ann's phone number _______asking her aunt, so I could call her last weekend.
A.with B.by C.from D.at
3.I'd advise you ________doing that. Because it's bad for you.
A.for B.with C.against D.beyond
4.Good speakers change the way they speak ________ different situations.
A.on B.by C.in D.with
5. We should give thanks ____ nature ____ what we get from it and then we'll be happy.
A.to, to B.for, to C.to, for
6. John suddenly came up____a good idea and helped me through the difficulty.
A.for B.through C.with D.to
7.It's a time ________ celebration.
A.to B.for C.at D.in
8.Lucy often practices speaking English _________ having conversations with friends.
A.on B.of C.by
9. Please bring Ms. Steen to the welcome party ____ telling her so that she can be surprised.
A.about B.from C.without D.for
10.The road ______success may be full of difficulties, but we shouldn't give up our dream easily.
A.towards B.against C.outside D.above
11.— Congratulations! Can you share your secret to learning
— If you work hard enough, you will succeed ____ achieving your goal.
A.on B.about C.in D.for
12.—Excuse me.I am looking for a post office.
—There is a post office across from—our school.
A.next to B.opposite C.behind
13.The whole family were ________________ agreement about what they should do next.
A.about B.of C.in D.on
14.— Who, _____ is the most popular teacher in our school
— I think it's Mr. Zhang.
A.first of all B.in your opinion
C.more or less D.in all
15.Yesterday Police Huang made a speech___________ fire-safety for us.
A.on B.in C.with D.For
16.—Could you give me some advice on learning English well
—Sure. But remember nothing can be learned hard work.
A.by B.without C.through
17.It's very kind _______you to take the sick boy to the hospital.
A.for B.of C.about D.on
18.In English, we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half. So you're halfway to solving a problem just _____ talking to someone about it.
A.with B.by C.in
19.—All the students went home after school yesterday ____ Jack. Why
—Because he was on duty.
A.except B.besides C.except for D.beside
20.After the 2 days' sick leave, Han Feng returns to our class. Today there are 64 students ______ him.
A.expect B.besides C.except D.beside
二、填空题
21.Xi Da Da said that We should roll u    our sleeves and work with added energy.
22.Some girls would never go out w    taking time to dressing themselves up.
23.—How do you practice speaking English
—I practice speaking English    an English club.
24.—How do you practice your listening
—I practice listening    to my English teacher carefully in class.
25.—How do you learn grammar
—I learn grammar    notes in class.
26.I will go to the party   14th February.
27.Our classroom is   the third floor in the building.
28.The students are talking   the pictures on the wall
29.They have been away from school     (for/of) a long time.
30.I'm going to buy a house     a small garden in front of it.
三、句型转换
31. The new planet is about ten times as big as the earth. (保持句意基本不变)
The new planet is about ten times           the earth.
四、选词填空(短文)
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
help it face with by difficulty hole surprised when what instead a
Once a man found a cocoon (茧) of a butterfly. A few days later, a small  32.   appeared. A butterfly tried to go out through that little hole.
Though the little butterfly struggled (挣扎) really hard, it seemed like a  33.   task for it. An hour passed, but things didn't get any better. Feeling sorry for the little animal, the man decided to  34.   it. He had an idea. He took out  35.   pair of scissors and cut a bigger hole in the cocoon. Finally, the butterfly easily came out of the cocoon. But to his great  36.   , the butterfly couldn't even lift itself off the ground  37.   a weak body and thin wings. The butterfly would spend the rest of  38.   life crawling (爬) around.
The man might do it out of kindness. But his behavior did harm to the butterfly  39.   of helping it. Growing starts very early to a butterfly.  40.   a butterfly goes out of the cocoon, it must struggle hard enough to make itself stronger. The struggle develops the ability that makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges of life bring out the best of us. So let's  41.   challenges bravely. This is a way to help us become strong.
五、完形填空
42.完形填空
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出一个最佳选项。
It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was (1) from the rest of the world because of heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch (2) a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be (3) if it spread the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. (4) , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.
How could the medicine get to Nome Cars and horses couldn't travel on the (5) roads. (6) January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were (7) .
Nome'stown officials came up with a(n) (8) . They would have the medicine sent by train from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇) drivers—known a"mushers"—would (9) it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. (10) he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon's face was black from the extreme cold.
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to (11) a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most (12) part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would (13) , and so would the sick children of Nome.
A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. The only hope was Balto, Kaasen's lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, (14) to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. Ten minutes passed by. Suddenly, Balto began to run. He had found the trail.
At 5:30 am on February 2,Kaasen and his dogs arrived in Nome. Dr.Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered. Nome had been (15) .
(1)A.cut off B.cut down C.cut away D.cut up
(2)A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.treated
(3)A.harmless B.helpless C.fearless D.careless
(4)A.Whatever B.Also C.Instead D.However
(5)A.narrow B.snowy C.busy D.dirty
(6)A.From B.On C.By D.After
(7)A.tired B.upset C.pale D.sick
(8)A.idea B.excuse C.message D.topic
(9)A.carry B.return C.mail D.give
(10)A.Though B.Since C.When D.If
(11)A. enter B.move C.visit D.cross
(12)A.shameful B.boring C.dangerous D.foolish
(13)A.escape B.bleed C.swim D.die
(14)A.pretending B.trying C.asking D.learning
(15)A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed
答案解析部分
1.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:我们通常在上午八点上第一节课。与时间连用的介词主要有:at ,in ,on.at主要和表示时间点的词连用,in主要和表示一段时间的词连用,on主要和星期几,具体的一天,具体一天的上下午晚上,有天气修饰的时间连用。根据该句指时间点,故选D。
2.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意: 我问 Ann 的阿姨要了她的电话号码,这样我就可以上周末给她打电话。 A.with和;B.by通过; C.from 来自;D. at在,根据 asking her aunt,可知通过询问她的阿姨得到Ann的电话号码,by doing sth 通过做某事。故选B。
【点评】考查介词词义辨析。注意识记介词by的用法。
3.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:我劝你不要那样做。因为这对你不好。固定结构,advise sb. against doing sth. 表示建议某人不要做某事,故选C。
【点评】考查固定搭配,注意不同介词的用法。
4.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:好的演讲者在不同的场合改变他们说话的方式。in+形容词+situations在某种情况下,固定短语,故选C。
【点评】此题考查固定短语in+形容词+situation。
5.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:我们应该感谢大自然给我们带来的一切,然后我们就会幸福。to,给,介词;for,为了,介词。give sth. to sb.,把某物给某人,固定搭配。第一空用to,表示把感谢给大自然;第二空,因......感谢,thanks for,固定搭配。故选C。
【点评】考查固定搭配和介词辨析。注意识记一些固定搭配,做题时容易解题。
6.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:约翰突然提出了一个好主意,帮助我度过了困难。A为了,B通过,C有,D到,come up with a good idea,固定搭配,提出了一个好主意,故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析,注意识记come up with a good idea的用法。
7.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:是时候庆祝了。固定句式it's time for sth.是时候做某事了,固定搭配,故选B。
【点评】考查固定句式it's time for sth.是时候做某事了。
8.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:露西经常通过和朋友交谈来练习说英语。on在……上面;of……的;by通过……方式;根据句意可知是通过和朋友交谈来练习英语,故答案为C。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意识记介词by的用法。
9.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:请把Steen女士带到欢迎晚会上,不要告诉她,这样就可以让她大吃一惊。A.about关于;B.from从,来自;C.without没有;D.for为了,表对象。根据so that she can be surprised.(这样就可以让她大吃一惊)可知,是在不告诉她的情况下,所以要用否定介词without。故选:C。
【点评】考查介词。掌握不同介词的词义是解答此题的关键,注意识记without的含义。
10.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:通往成功的道路可能充满困难,但我们不应该轻易放弃我们的梦想。towards,朝,向;against,反对;outside,外面;above,在……上面;根据The road ______success可知为通往成功的道路,the road to success,固定用法,故答案为A。
【点评】考查介词辨析。理解句意并识记介词towards的意义和用法。
11.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:——恭喜你!你能分享一下你的学习秘诀吗 ——如果你足够努力,你就会成功实现你的目标。on在上面;about关于;in在里面;for为了。succeed in doing sth"成功做某事",动词短语,故选:C。
【点评】考查介词辨析。了解句意,注意识记succeed in doing sth的用法。
12.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:——打扰一下,我正在找邮局。——我们学校对面有邮局。across from=opposite意为“在……对面”,A.靠近; C.在……后面,故选B。
【点评】考查介词词义。
13.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:全家人对下一步该做什么意见一致。A关于;B.……的;C.在……里面;D.在……上面。(be) in agreement意见一致,(后接句子或短语),固定搭配,故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意识记in agreement的词义和用法。
14.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:-依照你的看法,在我们学校谁是最受欢迎的老师?-我认为是张老师。first of all首先;in your opinion依照你的观点;more or less或多或少;in all总共,总而言之。根据下面的回答I think…可知,这里是问对方的观点,故应选B。
【点评】考查短语辨析。
15.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:昨天黄警官为我们做了一个关于消防安全的演讲。A.关于,指的是学术性的;B.在......里面;C.和;D.为了。做了关于消防安全的演讲,消防安全是学术性的知识,所以用on,故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析,注意平时识记其区别。
16.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:——你能给我一些关于学好英语的建议吗? ——当然。但是记住,没有努力,什么都学不到。A. by通过;B. without没有;C. through通过。根据句子前面的nothing和后面的hard work,可知双否表示肯定,应用介词without,表“没有努力,什么都学不到”。故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意掌握介词短语without+名词的意思及用法。
17.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:你把生病的孩子送到医院真是太好了。It's+adj+for sb+to do sth,做某事对某人来说是怎样的,其中形容词修饰事情;It's+adj+of sb+to do sth,做某事对某人来说是怎样的,其中形容词修饰人的内在品质。根据kind,可知是指人的品质,故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析,注意识记It's+adj+of sb+to do sth的用法。
18.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:在英语中,我们说分享一个问题就像把它切成两份。所以你只要和别人谈谈问题就已经解决了一半。with和…… 一起,by通过,in在……里。此处表示方式,by doing sth通过做某事,故选B。
【点评】 考查介词,注意by doing sth通过做某事,表示方式的用法。
19.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:—— 昨天放学后除了杰克所有的学生都回家了。为什么
——因为他在值班。 except,除了, except表示“除去,不包括”,强调所排除的“不包括在内”,一般表示同类之间的关系,except表示“除去,包括” 强调所排除的“包括在内”, except for也表示“除……以外”,指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正 ,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方面 ;,强调所排除的“不包括在内”,根据 Because he was on duty. 可知,杰克值日没有回家,这是不包括在内,所以用except,故答案为A。
【点评】考查介词和词义辨析。注意except,except for 和besides的用法区别。
20.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:在2天生病后,韩风回到了我们班级。今天包括他在内有64个学生。A.expect期待,B.besides除……之外,包括,C.except除……之外,D.beside在……旁边。韩风已经回来上课了,因此64这个人数包括了他,except表示不包括,排除,因此填入besides,故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析,注意besides的用法。
21.【答案】up
【解析】【分析】习大大说我们应该撸起袖子加油干。“roll up”卷起,结合句意和首字母,把握语境,故填up。
【点评】此句应是耳熟能详的主席的话,考查介词的基本含义。
22.【答案】without
【解析】【分析】句意:有些女孩子从来都不会在出门前不花时间打扮她们自己。理解句意可推知,此句应为双重否定,根据句意和字母提示词可知应填介词without没有。故填without。
【点评】正确理解句意,合理推断,掌握常用介词,即可填出正确答案。
23.【答案】by joining
【解析】【分析】句意:—— 你如何练习说英语? ——我通过参加英语俱乐部来练习说英语。 根据 I practice speaking English和 an English club 可知,此处的意思是“通过参加”;by通过,介词,后面接动名词作宾语;join参加,加入,其动名词是 joining。故填by joining。
【点评】考查介词和动名词,注意介词by和动名词joining的用法。
24.【答案】by listening
【解析】【分析】句意:—— 你如何练习你的听力? ——我通过在课堂上认真听英语老师的话来练习听力。 根据 I practice listening 和 to my English teacher carefully in class 可知,此处的意思是“通过听”;by通过, 表示方式, 介词,后面接动名词作宾语;listen to听,listen的动名词是listening。故填by listening。
【点评】考查动名词和固定搭配,注意固定搭配listen to和介词by后接动名词短语的用法。
25.【答案】by taking
【解析】【分析】句意: ——你怎么学语法? ——我在课堂上通过做笔记来学习语法。 根据notes in class 可知,此处的意思是“通过做笔记”,用介词by,表示方式,后面接动名词作宾语;take notes做笔记,固定搭配,take的动名词是taking。故填by taking。
【点评】考查介词和动名词,注意介词by后接动名词和固定搭配take notes的用法。
26.【答案】on
【解析】【分析】句意:我将会在2月14日去参加舞会。在具体的一天前面要用介词on, 故答案为on。
【点评】考查介词,掌握年月日前面用介词on。
27.【答案】on
【解析】【分析】句意:我们的教室在这栋楼的三楼。on作介词表示在.......上,故答案为on。
【点评】考查介词on的用法。
28.【答案】about
【解析】【分析】句意:学生们在讨论墙上的图片。talk about......意为谈论......,故答案为about.
【点评】考查短语talk about的用法。
29.【答案】for
【解析】【分析】句意:他们离开家已经很久了。for+时间段,表示动作或状态的延续,故选for。
【点评】考查介词辨析。
30.【答案】with
【解析】【分析】句意:我打算买一座前面带着小花园的房子。此处作后置定语,用with+名词+介词短语,故此处为with。
【点评】本题考查介词短语。with+名词+介词短语表示伴随和携带。
31.【答案】the;side;of
【解析】【分析】句意:这颗新行星大约是地球的十倍大。原句中的ten times as big as 相当于ten times the size of ,是……的十倍大,固定搭配,故答案为the size of。
【点评】考查同义句转换,注意识记the size of的用法。
【答案】32.hole;33.difficult;34.help;35.a;36.surprise;37.with;38.its;39.instead;40.When;41.face
【解析】【分析】文章大意:本文通过进述蝴蝶自己破茧而出才能有结实的翅膀和小的身体,飞起来, 获得自由。从中我们可知,有时困难正是我们生活中所需要的。如果生活总是称心如意,我们就会变得软弱。
所给词的中文意思为:help,帮助,动词。it,它,代词。face,面对,动词。with,和,表示伴随。by,通过,表示方式。difficulty,困难,名词。hole,洞,名词。surprised,惊讶的,形容词。when,当……时候。what,什么,疑问词。instead,代替。a,一个,冠词。
【点评】考查选词填空。注意可以先通读文章,理解大意。然后结合语境,判断出空缺的意思,选出单词,再结合语法,使用其正确的形式。
32.句意:几天以后,一个小洞出现了。根据后文的A butterfly tried to go out through that little hole. 可知,一只蝴蝶试图从那个小洞钻出去。所以此处指的是出现了一个小洞。洞,hole,名词,前面有a修饰,所以此处用单数即可,故答案为hole。
33.句意:尽管小蝴蝶挣扎得很厉害,但对它来说这似乎是一项艰巨的任务。根据An hour passed, but things didn't get any better.可知,一个小时过去了,但情况并没有好转。所以这是困难的任务。difficulty,困难,名词。形容词形式为difficult,困难的,修饰名词,故答案为difficult。
34.句意:这个男人为这只小动物感到难过,决定帮助它。根据后面He took out 4 pair of scissors and cut a bigger hole in the cocoon.可知,他拿剪刀剪了个小洞,所以是帮助了蝴蝶。帮助,help,动词。decide to do sth,决定做某事,固定搭配。所以此处用原形help即可,故答案为help。
35.句意:他拿出一把剪刀,在茧上剪了一个更大的洞。a pair of,一双,固定用法,故答案为a。
36.句意:但令他非常惊讶的是,这只身体虚弱、翅膀薄的蝴蝶甚至无法离开地面。surprised,惊讶的,形容词。名词形式为surprise。to one's surprise,令某人惊讶的是,固定搭配。故答案为surprise。
37.句意:但令他非常惊讶的是,这只身体虚弱、翅膀薄的蝴蝶甚至无法离开地面。根据the butterfly couldn't even lift itself off the ground 6 a weak body and thin wings.可知,a weak body and thin wings.是蝴蝶的状态,所以可以用with来表示伴随,故答案为with。
38.句意:蝴蝶的余生都在四处爬行。it,它,代词。形容性物主代词为its,它的。根据The butterfly would spend the rest of 7 life crawling (爬) around.可知,此处是指蝴蝶的一生,可以用代词its代指蝴蝶的,故答案为its。
39.句意:但他的行为非但没有帮助蝴蝶,反而伤害了蝴蝶。instead of,代替,固定搭配。故答案为instead。
40.句意:当一只蝴蝶破茧而出时,它必须努力奋斗,使自己变得更强壮。根据a butterfly goes out of the cocoon, it must struggle hard enough to make itself stronger可知,必须努力奋斗,当破茧而出的时候。当……时候,when。且位于句首,所以首字母要大写,故答案为When。
41.句意:所以,让我们勇敢地面对挑战。根据Similarly, the challenges of life bring out the best of us.可知,生活的挑战造就了我们最好的一面。所以要面对挑战。面对,face,动词。let's do sth,让我们做某事,固定搭配。所以此处用原形face即可,故答案为face。
42.【答案】(1)A;(2)A;(3)B;(4)D;(5)B;(6)C;(7)D;(8)A;(9)A;(10)C;(11)D;(12)C;(13)D;(14)B;(15)B
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了一个人们接力运送药物来救患病儿童的感人故事。1925年1月份的阿拉斯加北部极其寒冷,由于大雪,诺姆小镇与外界隔绝了。雪上加霜的是,那里的孩子患上了一种致命的传染病——白喉。为了拯救孩子们,人们接力运送药品到诺姆。最终,人们通过狗拉的雪橇把药物送到了诺姆。
(1)考查动词词组。句意:"这个小镇因为大雪与世界的其他国家……"A项"cut off "切断;B项"cut down "消减;C项"cut away"切掉;D项"cut up"切碎。结合heavy snow,可知小镇因为大雪切断了与外界联系的通道。
(2)考查动词。A项"examined"检查;B项"warned "警告;C项"interviewed"面试;D项"treated"治疗。代入各个选项后,联系上下文,可知,医生是检查过男孩以后发现他得了病。故选A。
(3)考查形容词。A项"harmless"无害的;B项"helpless"无望的;C项"fearless "不怕的;D项"careless"粗心的。结合选项意义,代入后,联系上下文可知,如果白喉这种病传播,孩子们将毫无希望。故选B。
(4)考查副词。句意:医生要尽快阻止其他孩子生病……最近的供应站有1000英里远。由句意的,空白处两边呈转折意义,故用转折词,故选D。
(5)考查形容词。句意:在这……的公路上,汽车和马不能行走。由前文可知,这个小镇下了很大的雪。目前马和汽车都不能够行走,故可推测这条公路被大雪覆盖。故选B。
(6)考查介词辨析。A项 From从,自;B项 On在……上面;C项 By通过,在……之前;D项 After在……之后。"by+时间"与完成时连用,后跟过去的时间,用过去完成时;跟将来的时间,用将来完成时,故选C。
(7)考查形容词辨析。A项 tired劳累的;B项 upset难过的;C项 pale苍白的;D.项 sick生病的。句意:四个孩子相继去世,还有20几个患病,故选D。
(8)考查名词。句意:当地官员想到了一个…… A.项 idea 想法;B项 excuse借口;C项 message信息;D项 topic话题。由后文可知,当地官员想到了一个办法。结合选项,故选A。
(9)考查动词辨析。句意:然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到Nome。A项 carry运送,携带;B项 return返回,归还;C项 mail邮寄;D项give给
结合选项意义,代入句子中,A项更符合句意。故选A。
(10)考查时间状语从句。句意:当他把药物交给下一个人时,他的脸已经被冻得乌青。A项 Though虽然;B项 Since因为,自从;C项 When当;D项 If 如果。结合选项,故选C。
(11)考查动词。A项 enter进入;B项 move移动;C项visit拜访;D项 cross穿过。根据"Norton Sound was covered with ice"可知,Norton Sound是一片冰冻的水域,Seppala必须穿过这片水域,故选D。
(12)考查形容词辨析。A项shameful惭愧的;B项 boring令人厌烦的;C项 dangerous危险的;D项 foolish愚蠢的。根据"which could sometimes break up without warning"可知,这是旅途最难,最危险的一部分,故选C。
(13)考查动词辨析。A项 escape逃跑;B项 bleed流血;C项 swim游泳;D项 die死亡。结合上下文得,如果掉进寒冷的水中,Seppala会被冻死,Nome的病童们也会死,故选D。
(14)考查动词。句意:……找到其他狗的气味来追踪。A项 pretending假装;B项 trying 试着;C项 asking 询问;D项 learning学习。"try to do"属固定搭配,意为努力做某事。故选B。
(15)考查动词。句意:他们全都恢复了健康,Nome得到了…… A项 controlled;B项 saved拯救;C项 founded 发现:D项 developed发展。根据全文可知,小镇上的人得到了拯救。故选B。
【点评】本文考查了动词,副词,从句等。做题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识。平常在学习中牢固掌握知识点,并联系上下文选择正确的选项。
1 / 1