Unit 3 Back to the past
单元引言解读
Looking into a mirror, we can see true images of our own; with our knowledge of the past, the present can be better known
.—Chen Shou
释义：明镜所以照形，古事所以知今。
——陈寿
启示：该句出自三国及西晋时期史学家陈寿的《三国志·吴书·吴主五子传》，表明研究历史是为了洞察当今的形势。
名句积累 1、历史是生活的教师。 History is the teacher of life. 2、一切历史都是当代史。 All history is contemporary history. 3、历史是国家和人类的传记。 History is the biography of country and human. 4、历史是人类的过去的知识。 History is the past of human knowledge. 5、历史是说过和做过事情的记忆。 History is the memory of said and done things. 6、每一种真正的历史都是现代史。 Every kind of true history is modern history. 7、胜利者书写历史，失败者创造历史。 Winners writing history, losers make history. 8、无论如何，历史总是一代胜过一代。 However, history is always a generation than a generation. 9、历史是安静的，喧嚣的是说历史的人。 History is a quiet, noisy mean history. 10、历史又可教我们以智慧和价值的相对性。 History can teach us the wisdom and the relativity of value. 11、历史是一面镜子，也是一本深刻的教科书。 History is a mirror, is also a profound textbook. 12、不尊重历史的人，注定要重犯历史的错误。 People who do not respect history, are doomed to repeat the historical error. 13、历史是一面镜子，它照亮现实，也照亮未来。 History is a mirror, it illuminates reality, also illuminate the future. 14、我们的历史是一份无比珍贵的遗产，是值得我们自豪的。 Our history is a precious heritage, is worth proud of.
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“历史事件和历史人物”，涉及的语篇类型有小说节选、历史文章、网站文章、报告等。本单元的教学旨在激发学生对历史的学习兴趣，培养学生的时空观念，引导学生理解和尊重世界各国的历史，在对不同文化的比较、鉴赏、批判和反思的过程中，形成广阔的国际视野，培养深厚的家国情怀。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“历史事件和历史人物”这一话题的多个层面。Welcome to the unit 板块要求学生就小说《时间机器》(The Time Machine)的一段节选展开讨论，为本单元学习做准备：Reading 板块介绍了明朝航海家郑和和意大利航海家克里斯托弗·哥伦布，旨在激发学生思考航海家所具备的优秀品质及海上探险对历史发展的意义；Grammar and usage板块通过“史学家司马迁”这一话题来创设情境，要求学生在此情境中探究表语从句的语法规则，并在具体语境中恰当运用；Integrated skills板块通过听、读、说活动的铺垫，引导学生完成对通俗史书发表个人观点这一写作任务；Extended reading 板块从两位幸存者的视角再现了珍珠港事件，呼吁人们尊重历史，珍爱和平；Project板块要求学生通过合作学习和探究学习，撰写一份介绍某一历史事件的报告；Assessment板块引导学生运用元认知策略进行阶段性反思和总结，要求学生通过回答问题的形式，分析存在的问题并制订针对性的解决方案；Further study 板块指导学生运用资源策略，通过阅读有关世界历史的书籍和浏览中国国家博物馆官方网站，就“历史事件和历史人物”这一话题进行自主、深入的探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
(1)性质及特点
①popular history 通俗历史
②local history 地方志
③official history 正史
④unofficial history 野史
⑤history of everyday life 日常生活史
⑥primitive culture 原始文化
⑦in common language 用通俗语言
(2)作用、影响及评价
①have an effect/influence/impact on 对……有影响
②have a better understanding of 对……有更好的了解
③have a good command/knowledge of 精通;掌握
句式整理
(1)段首句
①I’d like to recommend a book which is about Chinese history.
我想推荐一本关于中国历史的书。
②It’s a popular history book about the history of the world.
这是一本关于世界历史的通俗历史书。
③China is a country with a long history.
中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。
(2)主体段落句
①The book covers Chinese history of about 5,000 years.
这本书涵盖了大约5 000年的中国历史。
②The historical figures and events in the book are vividly portrayed.
书中的历史人物和事件描写得栩栩如生。
③Some historical relics were unearthed.
出土了一些历史文物。
④Many legends centre about this historical figure.
许多传说都以这个历史人物为中心。
(3)段尾句
①The book is of great help for you to have a better understanding of Chinese history.
这本书对你更好地了解中国历史有很大帮助。
②These materials have much value as historical records.
这些资料有很高的史料价值。
拓展阅读精练
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Passage 1 作品展览会
(2024·贵州·高二下学期阶段练习)
ANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOW
The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages.” Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of Tang Yin(1470－1524). Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.
Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty(1600 BCE－1046 BCE). While the artists who made these great works are not known, they showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong(1711－1799), a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.
Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty (618－907) sculptures. Most of these are of Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century.
During this same period, trade along the Silk Road also boomed. Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures, one sees the faces of the past. History is brought to life.
This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition. We guarantee that “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works.
“From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will run until November 25.
Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday (the museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4:30 p.m.
Admission: $10 for adults: $8 for students; $5 for children under 12; free for children under 5.
No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.
1. Which of the following is NOT true about the exhibition
A. It covers a history of more than 3,000 years.
B. It only exhibits bronze bowls, ceramic vases and jade sculptures.
C. It displays the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
D. Its theme is “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages”.
2. What can we learn about Tang Yin
A. He gained entry into the civil service.
B. He was born in the Qing Dynasty.
C. He was recognized as one of the greatest artists.
D. His painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass was painted 400 years ago.
3. Sculptures of Tang Dynasty ________.
A. are imported from the West
B. were intended to spread Daoism
C. are of exceptional beauty and quality
D. are rarely shown in the public
4. If you pay a visit to the exhibition, you should ________.
A. go to the museum on November 26
B. visit it on Monday
C. have lunch in the museum
D. visit it from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Tuesday
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一场盛大的作品展览会，展示了中国古代的许多辉煌作品，并介绍了这些作品的背后渊源。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages.” Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.(Richfield美术馆非常荣幸地推出我们的新展览“从商到清：中国艺术的历史”。和我们一起探索中国3000多年的精彩艺术。从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们的目标是展示中国自古以来的艺术天才。)”可知，展览涵盖了3000多年的历史，它展示了中国自古以来的艺术天才，它的主题为“从商到清：中国艺术的历史”，它展出的除了有青铜碗、陶瓷花瓶和玉雕，还有水墨画。B选项“It only exhibits bronze bowls, ceramic vases and jade sculptures.(它只展出青铜碗、陶瓷花瓶和玉雕。)”与原文信息不符。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. (唐寅生在明朝，他试图进入政府行政部门，但没有成功，所以他转向绘画。随着时间的推移，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。这幅画描绘了高山、树木和白雪覆盖的房屋，是用非凡的技巧完成的。虽然它已经有500多年的历史了，但它看起来仍然像它被创造的那一天一样新鲜和充满生机。)”可唐寅生在明代而不是清代，他没能进入政府行政部门，他的名画Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass是500年之前画的而不是400年前，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。C选项“He was recognized as one of the greatest artists.(他被公认为最伟大的艺术家之一。)”与原文信息相符。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. (这些作品旨在传播佛教，它们具有非凡的美感和质量。 )”可知，唐代的雕刻有着非凡的美丽和品质。故选C项。
4. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段““From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will run until November 25. (“从商到清：历代中国艺术”将持续到11月25日。)”以及倒数第三段“Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday (the museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4:30 p.m. (开放时间为周二至周日上午9点至下午5点(周一闭馆)。下午4:30以后，任何人不得进入展览会。)”以及最后一段“No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum. (博物馆内不准拍照、不准携带食物和饮料。)”可知，这个展览持续到11月25日，在博物馆不能吃午饭，周一闭馆，所以如果你参观这个展览，你应该在星期二上午9点到下午5点参观。故选D项。
Passage 2 詹姆斯·库克的《奋进号》日志
(2024河南高二下学期阶段练习)Following Cook’s death in 1779, the Endeavour journal of James Cook is thought to have been held by his wife Elizabeth. There is no record of the journal’s movements following Elizabeth Cook’s death in 1835 until its appearance in 1923 when it was offered at auction(拍卖) by its owners the Bolckow family of Yorkshire. The family were unable to explain how they came to hold the journal. It had apparently been in the family’s library ‘for over fifty years, having been purchased by the late Bolckow’s uncle, but from whom and in what circumstances is unknown’.
On 21 March 1923 the Australian government purchased the Endeavour journal for 5000 for the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library.
The Mitchell Library, Sydney, had been chasing the journal since its discovery with the Bolckow family in 1922 before the auction, and had approached the Commonwealth Government for a financial contribution towards the purchase. Though Interim(临时的) Commonwealth Parliamentary Librarian Arthur Wadsworth had guaranteed the Mitchell that there would be no competition for the item, Kenneth Binns (to be Wadsworth’s successor) felt that the Endeavour journal was more suited to remain within the nation’s library.
Binns put forward an eventually persuasive argument that the Commonwealth could not finance the Mitchell, ‘which was, after all, a private institution’. Prime Minister Bruce telegraphed the officer in London to instruct the Mitchell Library’s Chief Librarian, already in England anticipating the auction, to bid on behalf of the Commonwealth. The Mitchell Library accepted upon the understanding that it would be the keeper of the journal until such time that the Commonwealth Government had a suitable storing place, a National Library.
Upon arrival in Australia the journal was exhibited in Queens Hall, Melbourne, for a month after which it was taken to the Mitchell Library which held it for four years, before it was removed to Canberra.
1. Who owned the Endeavour journal of James Cook at last
A. James Cook. B. Elizabeth Cook.
C. The Bolckow family of Yorkshire. D. The Australian government.
2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A. Melbourne . B. The Mitchell Library.
C. The Commonwealth Government. D. Canberra.
3. What can you learn from the passage
A. Cook’s wife Elizabeth passed on the Endeavour journal to the Blockow family.
B. The Endeavour journal was on show in Melbourne before being taken to Sydney.
C. The Mitchell Library bought the Endeavour journal at its own expense.
D. The National Library of Australia is in Melbourne.
4. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. How the Endeavour journal came to the National Library of Australia.
B. How the Endeavour journey came to the Mitchell Library of Sydney.
C. How the Endeavour journey came to the Bolckow family of Yorkshire.
D. How important the Endeavour journey is to Australian.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了詹姆斯·库克的《奋进号》日志是如何被澳大利亚国家图书馆收藏的。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“On 21 March 1923 the Australian government purchased the Endeavour journal for 5000 for the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library. (1923年3月21日，澳大利亚政府以5000英镑的价格为联邦议会图书馆购买了《奋进号》日志。)”可知，詹姆斯·库克的《奋进号》日志最终归澳大利亚政府所有。故选D项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Prime Minister Bruce telegraphed the officer in London to instruct the Mitchell Library’s Chief Librarian, already in England anticipating the auction, to bid on behalf of the Commonwealth. The Mitchell Library accepted upon the understanding that it would be the keeper of the journal until such time that the Commonwealth Government had a suitable storing place, a National Library. (布鲁斯总理给驻伦敦的官员打了电报，指示米切尔图书馆的首席图书管理员代表英联邦参加竞标，他已经在英国等待拍卖。米切尔图书馆同意了，但有一项协议，即在联邦政府找到一个合适的存放地点——国家图书馆之前，它将保管这本日记。)”可知，在联邦政府找到一个合适的存放地点——国家图书馆之前，米切尔图书馆将保管这本日记，划线单词it代指的是句中的“The Mitchell Library”。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“Upon arrival in Australia the journal was exhibited in Queens Hall 9 Melbourne, for a month after which it was taken to the Mitchell Library which held it for four years, before it was removed to Canberra. (抵达澳大利亚后，这本日志在墨尔本皇后厅9号展出了一个月，之后被带到米切尔图书馆保存了四年，然后被移到堪培拉。)”可知，《奋进号》日志在被带到悉尼之前在墨尔本展出过。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“On 21 March 1923 the Australian government purchased the Endeavour journal for 5000 for the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library. (1923年3月21日，澳大利亚政府以5000英镑的价格为联邦议会图书馆购买了《奋进号》日志。)”和最后一段“Upon arrival in Australia the journal was exhibited in Queens Hall, Melbourne, for a month after which it was taken to the Mitchell Library which held it for four years, before it was removed to Canberra. (抵达澳大利亚后，该杂志在墨尔本皇后大厅展出了一个月，之后被带到米切尔图书馆，在那里保存了四年，然后被转移到堪培拉。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是詹姆斯·库克的《奋进号》日志由博尔科家族进行拍卖，被澳大利亚政府以5000英镑的价格购买，并暂时由米切尔图书馆代为保管，最终被澳大利亚国家图书馆收藏。由此可知，“How the Endeavour journal came to the Mitchell Library of Sydney.(《奋进号》日志是如何被澳大利亚国家图书馆收藏的。)”能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。
Passage 3费城申请世界遗产城市成功
(2024·湖南长沙·高二下学期开学考)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is America’s fifth largest city. Once a major American colonial city, it is the home of America’s first library, its first hospital, and its first zoo. Now it is also the first US city to be named a World Heritage City. On November 6, 2015, Philadelphia joined more than 260 other cities that have been recognized for their influence on the world. These cities include Paris, France, Florence, Italy, and Cairo, Egypt.
The exciting news was announced by Philadelphia Mayor Michael Nutter, Deputy Mayor Alan Greenberger, responsible for economic development and business guidance, and the Global Philadelphia Association. “Today marks the start of a new and exciting chapter in the history of Philadelphia,” remarked Nutter when the announcement was made. “As a World Heritage City, Philadelphia is being officially recognized on the global stage for its wealth of contributions to the world.”
To be named a World Heritage City, a city must be home to a UNESCO World Heritage site. UNESCO World Heritage sites are selected for their universal value and significance. For Philadelphia, the site is Independence Hall.
Independence Hall is where two of the most important documents in US history — the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution — were adopted. The Declaration of Independence, approved on July 4, 1776, united the 13 former British colonies and declared them independent from British rule. From then on, a democratic and free country was born, which changed the course of world history. The US Constitution, signed in 1787, established the American democratic system of government. A democracy is a system of government in which the people elect their leaders. The Constitution later spelled out the basic freedoms American citizens have.
Greenberger says the city’s selection as a World Heritage City also reflects its educational, cultural, and economic achievements. The city is home to dozens of colleges and universities, and many museums, such as the Philadelphia Museum of Art. “Philadelphia has rightfully earned its place as one of the greatest cities in the world. As we celebrate this milestone, we will focus even more on improving Philadelphia’s status as a World Heritage City to attract more guests to visit, invest, work, study and live here.” Greenberger says.
1. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that Philadelphia ________.
A. has the best American hospitals
B. contributed a lot to the global economy
C. is known for many America’s firsts
D. has been famous as a World Heritage City
2. In Paragraph 2, Michael Nutter is mainly talking about ________.
A. the economic development of the city
B. the history of Philadelphia
C. the contributions of the city
D. the significance of the city’s selection
3. What opinion does Alan Greenberger hold
A. The city really deserves the honor.
B. It’s easy for the city to win the honor.
C. It won’t be long before the city takes off.
D. The honor will bring the city a better future.
4. What could be the best title for the text
A. Philadelphia Makes a Difference B. Philadelphia Makes History
C. Philadelphia Develops a Lot D. America Wins Global Respect
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了美国第五大城市费城申请世界遗产城市成功，这为这个城市揭开了新的发展篇章。
1 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Once a major American colonial city, it is the home of America’s first library, its first hospital, and its first zoo. Now it is also the first US city to be named a World Heritage City.”(它曾经是美国主要的殖民城市，是美国第一个图书馆、第一家医院和第一个动物园的所在地。现在，它也是第一个被命名为世界遗产城市的美国城市。)可知，我们可以从第一段了解到，费城以许多美国第一而闻名。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中““Today marks the start of a new and exciting chapter in the history of Philadelphia,” remarked Nutter when the announcement was made. “As a World Heritage City, Philadelphia is being officially recognized on the global stage for its wealth of contributions to the world.””(“今天标志着费城历史上一个激动人心的新篇章的开始，” Nutter在宣布这一消息时表示。“作为世界遗产城市，费城因其对世界的丰富贡献而在全球舞台上得到正式认可。”)可知，在第2段中，Michael Nutter主要谈论了费城当选世界文化遗产城市的意义。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Greenberger says the city’s selection as a World Heritage City also reflects its educational, cultural, and economic achievements. The city is home to dozens of colleges and universities, and many museums, such as the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Philadelphia has rightfully earned its place as one of the greatest cities in the world.”(Greenberger说，这座城市被选为世界遗产城市也反映了它在教育、文化和经济方面的成就。这座城市有几十所学院和大学，还有许多博物馆，比如费城艺术博物馆。“费城理所当然地赢得了世界上最伟大城市之一的地位。)可推知，Alan Greenberger认为费城拥有很多大学，学院和博物馆，对于世界上最伟大的城市这一个荣誉，费城实至名归。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“Today marks the start of a new and exciting chapter in the history of Philadelphia.”(今天标志着费城历史上一个激动人心的新篇章的开始。)可知，文章主要讲的是作为美国第一个获得世界文化遗产城市荣誉的城市，费城在政治、经济、文化和教育等方面都将会进入新的历史发展进程。故文章最好的标题是“费城创造历史”。故选B项。
Passage 4对考古学的看法
“Some inconspicuous(不起眼的) artifacts, once unearthed and cleaned, can transport me back across time as I touch them. It’s as though I were in the same space with ancient people who lived millions of years ago.” This is what Xu Danyang, a young member of the Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4 sacrificial pit(祭祀坑) at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang, Sichuan province, says of his view of his job.
Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to study, Xu says. However, discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed students’ preconceptions. The increasing popularity of Sanxingdui is a good thing, Xu says. The reason why the site has attracted international attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom, illustrating the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.
Speaking of the pit team, Xu says more than half the members were born in the 1990s. The daily work of Xu and his team can be split into two parts: the indoor work of reorganizing materials and conducting research, and the outdoor archaeological fieldwork, both of which require great meticulousness (谨小慎微). The process of dig needs careful teamwork, and everyone performs their duties extremely. One does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must. The infinite nature of human history can be reflected as one connects seemingly insignificant discoveries.
1. What does the underlined words “excavation” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Discovery. B. Dig. C. Invention. D. Breakthrough.
2. What effect have the discoveries at Sanxingdui had on students’ view of archaeology
A. Decreased interest in studying archaeology.
B. No change in people’s view.
C. Decreased attention on Sanxingdui.
D. Increased interest in studying archaeology.
3. What has attracted international attention to the Sanxingdui ruins site
A. Unearthed bronze ware and gold decorations.
B. Careful teamwork.
C. Xu Danyang’s view of his job.
D. The inclusive nature of Chinese civilization.
4. What quality is crucial for success in the field of archaeology
A. Quick success and instant rewards.
B. Careful teamwork and patience.
C. Decreased attention.
D. Reorganizing materials.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述了负责挖掘四川省德阳市三星堆遗址4号祭祀坑的徐丹阳谈论他对考古学的看法，考古过程需要精心的团队合作和耐心。
1. 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Some inconspicuous (不起眼的) artifacts, once unearthed and cleaned, can transport me back across time as I touch them...This is what Xu Danyang, a young member of the Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4 sacrificial pit (祭祀坑) at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang(一些不起眼的文物，一旦出土并清理干净，当我触摸它们时，就能把我送回过去……这是负责excavation德阳三星堆遗址4号祭祀坑的中国共产党青年党员Xu Danyang所说的话)”可推知，Xu Danyang是负责四川德阳三星堆遗址4号祭祀坑挖掘工作的，因此划线词excavation的意思是“挖掘”，和Dig意思相近，故选B。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to study, Xu says. However, discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed students’ preconceptions.(徐说，考古学曾经是一个很少有大学生想学的领域。然而，三星堆的发现改变了学生们的先入为主的观念。)”可知，考古曾经是一个很少有大学生想学的领域。然而，三星堆的发现改变了学生们的成见，由此可知，三星堆的发现对学生的考古学观的影响是学生对学习考古的兴趣增加了。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The reason why the site has attracted international attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom, illustrating the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.(该遗址吸引国际关注的原因是，那里出土的青铜器和金饰让人们对古蜀国有了新的认识，说明了中华文明的包容性。)”可知，中华文明的包容性吸引了国际社会对三星堆遗址的关注。故选A。
4. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The process of dig needs careful teamwork, and everyone performs their duties extremely. One does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must.(挖掘的过程需要细致的团队合作，每个人都恪尽职守。一个人不指望一蹴而就或立竿见影。所以耐心是必须的。)”可知，在考古领域取得成功的关键素质是细心的团队合作和耐心。故选B。
Passage 5马赛克地画
(2024·青海西宁高二上学期·期末)Palestinian farmer Salman al-Nabahin was working in his garden in Gaza when he noticed that some of the new trees he’d planted on his land did not root properly. Curious about what might be causing the issue, al-Nabahin asked his son to help him start digging.
His son’s ax(斧子) struck something hard. When the two men began to clear away the dirt, they discovered an item they did not recognize. A little Internet searching provided the answer to their mystery: They’d come across a Byzantine-era floor mosaic(拜占庭时期马赛克地画) featuring birds and other animals.
This happened six months ago. Now, archaeologists(考古学家) are hard at work studying the flooring to learn more about its secrets and civilization values.
The mosaic features 17 images of birds and other animals presented in bright colors. Archaeologists believe artists created the flooring sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries, though they don’t know whether the mosaic had religious(宗教的) origins. In total, the land covering the entire mosaic is about 500 square meters, and the mosaic itself measures about 23 square meters. Some parts of the mosaic appear to be damaged, likely from the roots of an old tree.
“These are the most beautiful mosaic floors discovered in Gaza, both in terms of the quality of the vivid representation and the complexity of the pattern,” says René Elter, an archaeologist in Jerusalem. “Never have mosaic floors of this precision in the patterns and richness of the colors been discovered in the Gaza Strip.”
The Gaza Strip, which is located between Israel and Egypt and was a busy trade route throughout history, is home to many ancient civilizations. The farmer and his son discovered the mosaic about a kilometer from the border with Israel. Archaeologists and other experts are concerned about the mosaic’s future because of the ongoing conflict there and a lack of funding for historical protection.
1. What led Salman al-Nabahin to the unexpected discovery
A. His son’s constant digging work. B. His decision to remove some new trees.
C. The improper growth of some new trees. D. The appearance of some birds and other animals.
2. What can we learn about the mosaic
A. Its origin has something to do with religion. B. The time of its creation can be figured out.
C. It has been seriously damaged by digging work. D. It reflects relationships between humans and animals.
3. What do René Elter’s words in the last but one paragraph show
A. The history of the mosaic floors. B. The great value of the mosaic floors.
C. The secrets hidden in the mosaic floors. D. The difficulty in creating the mosaic floors.
4. What is some experts’ concern about the mosaic
A. It may not be well -protected. B. It may be too large to carry.
C. It may cause regional conflicts. D. It may lose its historical meaning
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了近来，在巴勒斯坦的加沙地带发现了具有一千年历史的马赛克地画。这些马赛克拼出了许多种动物的图案，颇为美观，具有很高的艺术价值。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Palestinian farmer Salman al-Nabahin was working in his garden in Gaza when he noticed that some of the new trees he’d planted on his land did not root properly. Curious about what might be causing the issue, al-Nabahin asked his son to help him start digging.(巴勒斯坦农民Salman al-Nabahin(在加沙的花园里工作时，注意到他在土地上种植的一些新树没有生根。出于好奇，al-Nabahin让他的儿子帮他开始挖掘。)”可知，Salman al-Nabahin种植的一些新树的根部生长受到了一定的阻碍，所以导致了他这次的发现。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Archaeologists believe artists created the flooring sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries, though they don’t know whether the mosaic had religious (宗教的) origins.(考古学家认为，艺术家创作地板的时间是在五世纪至七世纪之间，尽管他们不知道马赛克是否有宗教渊源)”可知，这些马赛克地画的创作时间是可以确定的。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段René Elter所说的话“Never have mosaic floors of this precision in the patterns and richness of the colors been discovered in the Gaza Strip.(在加沙地带从未发现过图案如此精确、色彩如此丰富的马赛克地板)”可推知，他的话主要是想表明这些马赛克地画的价值。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Archaeologists and other experts are concerned about the mosaic’s future because of the ongoing conflict there and a lack of funding for historical protection.(考古学家和其他专家对马赛克的未来感到担忧，因为那里正在发生冲突，而且缺乏历史保护资金)”可知，专家担心的是这种马赛克地画可能会因为种种原因而无法得到很好的保护。故选A。
Passage 6马丘比丘
(2024·山东临沂高二上学期·期末)The Inca Empire was the most powerful of the day, ruling western South America between 1400 and 1533. And the Inca leaders sometimes needed vacations! That’s why the Inca built Machu Picchu in what’s now Peru. All that’s left today are ruins, but about 500 years ago, it was a bustling royal residence. Peek into the past to discover the secrets of this awesome spot.
ROYAL RELAXATION
The royal family lived mostly in the mountainous capital city, Cusco. But during the winter, they could move down to the warmer Machu Picchu. Emperor Pachacuti Inc a Yupanqui likely ordered construction of it around 1450. There, the royals could feast and entertain guests. The other 750 residents served the rulers and maintained the city.
PERFECT FIT
Earthquakes are common in Peru, so Inca builders designed Machu Picchu to resist these shakes. They cut the stones to fit together, and they didn’t use any material, like cement, to bind them. This way, when the ground shook, the stones could bounce around and then settle back into place.
CODED LANGUAGE
The Inca didn’t have a written language and instead used knotted cords called quipu (KEE-poo) to send messages and keep records. Experts think the style of the knot and the color of the string contained information. Researchers are now using computers to try to untangle these long-lost codes.
1. Why did the Inca Empire build Machu Picchu
A. For pleasure of more residents. B. For the recreation of the leaders.
C. For relocating the capital city. D. For appealing to more vacationers.
2. What did Inca builders do to resist the shakes
A. They made the stones fit together. B. They used cement to bind them.
C. They made the stones bounce around. D. They settled the stones back into place.
3. How did the Inca share important information
A. By telling others face to face. B. By writing it down on large stones.
C. By using their own unique language. D. By coloring some materials picked.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马丘比丘建造的原因以及三方面的特点。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“And the Inca leaders sometimes needed vacations! That’s why the Inca built Machu Picchu in what’s now Peru.(而且印加领导人有时也需要休假！这就是印加人在现在的秘鲁建造马丘比丘的原因)”可知，印加帝国建造马丘比丘是为了领导们的娱乐。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“They cut the stones to fit together, and they didn’t use any material, like cement, to bind them. This way, when the ground shook, the stones could bounce around and then settle back into place.(他们把石头切割成一块块的，没有使用任何材料，比如水泥，来粘合它们。这样，当地面震动时，石头可以四处弹跳，然后回到原来的位置)”可知，印加建造者把石头拼在一起抵御地震。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Inca didn’t have a written language and instead used knotted cords called quipu (KEE-poo) to send messages and keep records.(印加人没有书面语言，而是使用一种名为quipu (KEE-poo)的绳结来传递信息和保存记录。专家认为打结的样式和绳子的颜色包含了信息)”可知，印加人通过使用自己独特的语言来分享重要信息。故选C。
Passage 7 . 中国古代的丝绸之路
(2024四川广安高二下学期·阶段练习)The ancient silk road was a once in a life time journey. It was one of the most important milestones of trade and culture in world history, and the pioneer, Zhang Qian, could not be easily forgotten by history. He was an outstanding diplomat, traveler and explorer in the Han Dynasty of China, honored as the “the first Chinese to open their eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus of the east”.
In 138 BC, at the reign of Emperor Wudi, Zhang Qian was sent to the west of China for an alliance with the Yue-chi people to fight against the Xiongnu. He started his trip from Chang’an(now Xi’an in Shanxi Province)to Longxi(in Gansu Province). Along the way, no matter how difficult the environment was, his faith was firm. But unfortunately, Zhang was caught by the Xiongnu people just as he left Han, and was held prisoner for ten years.
Zhang finally managed to escape with some of his men and continued to travel west without any dry food or drinking water. Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows, they survived by eating some birds and other animals along the way. When Zhang at last reached the Yue-chi in Northern India, he was disappointed to find that they didn’t want to fight against the Xiongnu people. On the return journey, Zhang Qian and his men were again caught. It was not until 125 BC that they returned to Chang’an.
Though Zhang hadn’t finished his mission, he brought back first-hand information on the geography, ethnography, and societies of Central Asia. The paths Zhang Qian explored later served as the highways connecting Europe, the Middle East, Mesopotamia, Central Asia, and East modities, crops, animals, religions, ideas, music, technology, and artifacts have been transported by diplomats, merchants and soldiers along this network of highways, which have, since the 19th century been known as the “Silk Road”. Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era of cultural exchange between East and West with long-lasting treasure well observable today.
1. What is the passage mainly about
A. Zhang Qian and Yue-chi people. B. The importance of the Silk Road.
C. The paths Zhang Qian explored. D. Zhang Qian and the Silk Road.
2. The word “alliance” in Paragraph 2 has the similar meaning to ________.
A. decision B. exploration C. agreement D. excitement
3. According to the passage, what is true about the Silk Road
A. Columbus set the footprints on the ancient silk road.
B. The Silk Road was a highway to Europe in Han Dynasty.
C. Zhang Qian was a pioneer opening up the Silk Road.
D. The Silk Road has the greatest value in Chinese history.
4. Which words best describe Zhang Qian
A. Brave and strong-willed. B. Careful and confident
C. Proud and open-minded. D. Honest and excellent.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了中国古代的丝绸之路以及开辟这条道路的张骞。张骞被人们铭记为一位开启东西方文化交流新时代的伟大探险家。
1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The ancient silk road was a once in a life time journey. It was one of the most important milestones of trade and culture in world history, and the pioneer, Zhang Qian, could not be easily forgotten by history. He was an outstanding diplomat, traveler and explorer in the Han Dynasty of China, honored as the “the first Chinese to open their eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus of the east”.(古丝绸之路是一次千载难逢的时间旅行。它是世界历史上贸易和文化最重要的里程碑之一，而其先驱张骞是历史不会轻易忘记的。他是中国汉代杰出的外交家、旅行家和探险家，被誉为“中国人第一个睁眼看世界的人”和“东方的哥伦布”。)”以及最后一段中“Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era of cultural exchange between East and West with long-lasting treasure well observable today.( 张骞被人们铭记为开启东西方文化交流新时代的伟大探险家，时至今日，他的宝藏依然历久弥新)”可知，首段提到了张骞是中国汉代一位杰出的外交家、旅行家和探险家，并被誉为“第一个睁开眼睛看世界的中国人”和“东方的哥伦布”，最后又提到了他带回了关于中亚地理、人种学和社会的第一手信息。由此可见，本文主要是讲述了张骞与丝绸之路的故事。故选D。
2. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“In 138 BC, at the reign of Emperor Wudi, Zhang Qian was sent to the west of China(公元前138年，汉武帝时期，张骞被派往中国西部)”以及划线词后面的内容“with the Yue-chi people to fight against the Xiongnu(和越池人一起对抗匈奴)”可知，张骞被派往西部与越人结盟，意思是与他们达成一个协议。故划线词与C选项“agreement(协议)”为同义词。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Commodities, crops, animals, religions, ideas, music, technology, and artifacts have been transported by diplomats, merchants and soldiers along this network of highways, which have, since the 19th century been known as the “Silk Road”. Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era of cultural exchange between East and West with long-lasting treasure well observable today.( 商品、农作物、动物、宗教、思想、音乐、技术和文物由外交官、商人和士兵沿着这条高速公路网络运输，自19世纪以来，这条公路被称为“丝绸之路”。张骞被人们铭记为开启东西方文化交流新时代的伟大探险家，时至今日，他的宝藏依然历久弥新)”可知，张骞所探索的路径后来成为连接欧洲、中东、美索不达米亚、中亚和东亚的国际贸易途径，被称为“丝绸之路”。张骞被铭记为一位开启东西方文化交流新时代的伟大探险家，即张骞是开辟丝绸之路的先驱。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Along the way, no matter how difficult the environment was, his faith was firm. But unfortunately, Zhang was caught by the Xiongnu people just as he left Han, and was held prisoner for ten years.( 一路上，无论环境多么艰难，他的信念都是坚定的。但不幸的是，就在他离开汉的时候，被匈奴人抓住了，被囚禁了十年)”以及第三段中“Zhang finally managed to escape with some of his men and continued to travel west without any dry food or drinking water. (张最终和他的一些手下成功逃脱，在没有干粮和饮用水的情况下继续向西行进)”以及最后一段中“Though Zhang hadn’t finished his mission, he brought back first-hand information on the geography, ethnography, and societies of Central Asia. (虽然张还没有完成他的使命，但他带回了关于中亚地理、人种学和社会的第一手资料)”可知，尽管张骞在与匈奴的战斗中被抓住并作为囚徒，但他最终成功逃脱并继续他的旅行，最终带回了有关中亚地理、人种学和社会的第一手信息。这显示了他的勇敢和坚定的意志。因此，A选项“Brave and strong-willed(勇敢而坚定)”是最合适的描述。故选A。
Passage 8南美洲的纳斯卡线
The Nazca Lines are a collection of giant geoglyphs(地画), located in the Peruvian coastal plain about 250 miles south of Lima, Peru. Created by the ancient Nazca culture in South America, the 2, 000 year old Nazca Lines can only be fully viewed from the air given their massive size.
There are three basic types of the Nazca Lines: straight lines, geometric designs and pictorial(图画的) representations. More than 800 straight lines are found on the coastal plain, some of which are 30 miles long. Additionally, there are over 300 geometric designs, which include basic shapes such as triangles, rectangles, as well as arrows, zigzags and wavy lines. The Nazca Lines are perhaps best known for the representations of about 70 animals and plants, some of which measure up to 1, 200 feet long. Examples include a spider, hummingbird, monkey, whale, dog, duck, flower, and tree.
More recent research suggested that the Nazca Lines’ purpose was related to water, a valuable thing in the desert. The geoglyphs weren’t used as an irrigation system or a guide to find water, but rather as part of a ritual (仪式) to pray to the gods — an effort to bring much needed rain.
The Nazca Lines are located in the desert plains of the Rio Grande de Nasca river basin. The desert floor is covered in a layer of deep red color rocks. The ancient people created their designs by removing the top 12 to 15 inches of rock, revealing the lighter-colored sand below. They likely began with small scale models and carefully increased the models’ proportions(规模) to create the large designs.
Given the small amount of rain, wind and erosion in the desert, the geoglyphs have remained largely unharmed throughout the centuries. But the geoglyphs aren’t completely safe. In 2009, the Nazca Lines suffered the first recorded rain damage. Five years later, the environmental group Greenpeace damaged an area near the hummingbird geoglyph during a media stunt.
1. Why should the geoglyphs only be fully appreciated from the air
A. The geoglyphs occupy a massive area of land.
B. The geoglyphs are in the centre of the desert.
C. The geoglyphs are only accessible by plane.
D. The geoglyphs are so diverse in design.
2. What was the geoglyphs’ purpose
A. To record ancient culture.
B. To guide water to the land.
C. To pray to the gods for rain.
D. To show ancient people’s talents.
3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How the geoglyphs were created.
B. Where the geoglyphs are located.
C. Why the geoglyphs were created.
D. What the proportion of the geoglyphs is.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The geoglyphs are damagefree.
B. The geoglyphs need protection.
C. The geoglyphs are in perfect condition.
D. The geoglyphs get media’s protection.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了南美洲的纳斯卡线。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“the 2, 000 year old Nazca Lines can only be fully viewed from the air given their massive size (有2000年历史的纳斯卡线条，由于其巨大的尺寸，只能从空中完整地看到)”可知，由于纳斯卡线条尺寸巨大，占据了大片土地，所以只能从空中观看它的全貌。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据据第三段中“The geoglyphs weren’t used as an irrigation system or a guide to find water, but rather as part of a ritual (仪式) to pray to the gods — an effort to bring much needed rain.(这些地画并不是用来作为灌溉系统或寻找水源的向导，而是作为向神灵祈祷的仪式的一部分——祈求急需的雨水的努力)”可知，地画不是为了灌溉和寻找水，而是向神祈祷降雨的仪式的一部分。故选C。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The Nazca Lines are located in the desert plains of the Rio Grande de Nasca river basin. The desert floor is covered in a layer of deep red color rocks. The ancient people created their designs by removing the top 12 to 15 inches of rock, revealing the lighter-colored sand below. They likely began with small scale models and carefully increased the models’ proportions (规模) to create the large designs.(纳斯卡线位于里奥格兰德纳斯卡河流域的沙漠平原。沙漠的地面覆盖着一层深红色的岩石。古人通过移除顶部12到15英寸的岩石，露出下面较浅颜色的沙子来创造他们的设计。他们可能从小型模型开始，然后小心地增加模型的比例，以创建大型设计)”可知，第四段主要讲古人是如何创造纳斯卡线条的。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But the geoglyphs aren’t completely safe. In 2009, the Nazca Lines suffered the first recorded rain damage. Five years later, the environmental group Greenpeace damaged an area near the hummingbird geoglyph during a media stunt.(但这些地理符号并不是完全安全的。2009年，纳斯卡线遭受了首次有记录的降雨破坏。五年后，环保组织绿色和平在一次媒体炒作中破坏了蜂鸟地形图附近的一块区域)”可推知，纳斯卡线可能遭到自然因素和人为因素的破坏，它需要得到保护。故选B项。
Passage 9埃及政府希望通过最近在考古学上的新发现
(2024·山西忻州高二上学期·期末)Archaeologists in Egypt have unearthed a Sphinx statue(狮身人面像) with a smiley face near the Hathor Temple, one of the country’s best preserved ancient sites. The smiling Sphinx is much smaller than the famous Sphinx in Giza, which is 20 metres high. The stone work of art, believed to be a stylized representation of an ancient Roman emperor, was found inside a two-level tomb near the temple in southern Egypt.
Next to the beautifully and accurately carved Sphinx, researchers had found a Roman stone written in hieroglyph(象形文字). Once fully translated, the stone may unveil the identity of the sculpted ruler, who could be Emperor Claudius.
The smiling Sphinx is among a series of discoveries announced over the past few months. The country has uncovered major archaeological discoveries in recent months, primarily in the Saqqara cemetery(墓地) south of Cairo as well as in Giza, home to the only surviving structure of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Recently, Egypt announced the discovery of a hidden nine-metre passage inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, which may lead to the actual burial room of pharaoh (法老) Khufu, or Cheops. Further south, in Luxor, archaeologists had discovered a 1,800-year-old complete residential city from the Roman times.
Hathor Temple, about 500 kilometres south of the capital Cairo, was home to the Dendera Zodiac, a heavenly map which has been displayed at the Louvre in Paris for more than a century. Since Frenchman Sebastien Louis Saulnier took it out of the temple in 1922, Egypt has been attempting to get it back.
Some experts see such announcements as having more political and economic weight than scientific, as Egypt is counting on tourism to revive its vital tourism industry in a severe economic crisis. The government aims to draw in 30 million tourists a year by 2028.
1. What do we know about the smiling Sphinx
A. Its owner was confirmed as an ancient Roman ruler.
B. It has been the best-preserved Sphinx till now.
C. It is as high as 20 metres like the Sphinx of Giza.
D. It was discovered close to the Hathor Temple.
2. What does the underlined word “unveil” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Reveal.
B. Seek.
C. Deny.
D. Maintain.
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The diversity of cultural relics in Egypt.
B. The discoveries made recently in Egypt.
C. The status of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
D. The new discovery about pharaoh Khufu.
4. What does Egypt expect most from the recent discoveries
A. Scientific progress.
B. Political position.
C. Economic advance.
D. Cultural exchange.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了埃及政府希望通过最近在考古学上的新发现促进旅游业的发展，从而拉动经济增长的事情。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Archaeologists in Egypt have unearthed a Sphinx statue (狮身人面像) with a smiley face near the Hathor Temple, one of the country’s best preserved ancient sites.”(埃及考古学家在埃及保存最完好的古遗址之一哈索尔神庙附近出土了一尊狮身人面像，上面有一个笑脸。)可知，微笑的狮身人面像是在哈索尔神庙附近发现的。故选D项。
2. 词义猜测题。根据第二段划线单词后“who could be Emperor Claudius”(他可能是克劳迪斯皇帝)可知，一旦完成翻译，这块石头可能会揭开雕刻统治者的身份，这个人很可能是克劳迪斯皇帝，推断reveal“揭示”和unveil意思一致，符合句意。故选A项。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The country has uncovered major archaeological discoveries in recent months, primarily in the Saqqara cemetery (墓地) south of Cairo as well as in Giza, home to the only surviving structure of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Recently, Egypt announced the discovery of a hidden nine-metre passage inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, which may lead to the actual burial room of pharaoh (法老) Khufu, or Cheops.”(近几个月来，埃及有了重大的考古发现，主要是在开罗南部的萨卡拉公墓和吉萨，吉萨是古代世界七大奇迹中唯一幸存的建筑。最近，埃及宣布在吉萨大金字塔内发现了一条长达9米的隐藏通道，这条通道可能通往法老胡夫的真正墓室。)可知，第三段主要介绍了最近在埃及的考古新发现。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some experts see such announcements as having more political and economic weight than scientific, as Egypt is counting on tourism to revive its vital tourism industry in a severe economic crisis.”(一些专家认为，这类声明的政治和经济意义大于科学意义，因为埃及正指望旅游业在严重的经济危机中重振其至关重要的旅游业。)推断出，埃及对最近的发现最期待的希望能够拉动经济发展。故选C项。
Passage 10 郑和下西洋
In 1999, journalist Nicholas D. Kristof reported a surprising encounter on a tiny African island. Here, Kristof met a number of elderly men who told him that they were descendants of Chinese sailors many centuries ago. Their ancestors had traded with local Africans, who had given them giraffes to take back to China. 14
Six centuries ago, a large number of Chinese ships crossed the sea, then travelled west to East Africa. 2 These seven great expeditions brought a vast web of trading links under Chinese government control.
3 Most of the trading involved spices(香料), wood, and medicines. Zheng He brought them back to the capital. Although these goods were mainly presented to the emperor for his consumption and disposal, foreign ambassadors who came to China were permitted to trade with locals in the capital for handsome profits, which also allowed ordinary Chinese to benefit from international trade.
4 In the regions they visited, Zheng He and his fleet(船队) remained a long-lasting theme in popular Southeast Asia folk tales. Two surviving records of the expeditions provide detailed accounts of unique Chinese navigation technologies of the time, leaving Chinese rich maritime legacy(遗产) to later generations.
However, the Chinese expedition never sought to establish colonial rule over these oceans by military force. 5 China’s maritime dominance disappeared suddenly in the 1430s because of domestic changes, and the overseas expeditions were eventually ended by the court. All this happened only decades prior to the occurrence of the great age of European discovery and exploration.
A. Seven times, the treasure fleets set off for the unknown.
B. Zheng He’s great voyage started at the port of Nanjing.
C. Aside from the economic impact, there was more cultural print.
D. The actual economic impact of the expedition was difficult to evaluate.
E. Zheng He traded China’s products for foreign luxuries and daily products.
F. It was intended to facilitate international and trade relationships with others.
G. If it’s true, this remote village is evidence of an astonishing episode of maritime exploration in China.
【答案】1. G 2. A 3. E 4. C 5. F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了郑和下西洋的经济、文化和政治意义。
1. 上文“In 1999, journalist Nicholas D. Kristof reported a surprising encounter on a tiny African island. Here, Kristof met a number of elderly men who told him that they were descendants of Chinese sailors many centuries ago. Their ancestors had traded with local Africans, who had given them giraffes to take back to China.(1999年，记者Nicholas D. Kristof报道了在非洲一个小岛上的一次意外遭遇。在这里，克里斯托夫遇到了一些老人，他们告诉他，他们是许多世纪前中国水手的后代。他们的祖先与当地的非洲人进行贸易，当地的非洲人给他们长颈鹿，让他们带回中国。)”讲述了记者在非洲一个小岛上遇到一些老人，他们说自己是中国水手的后代，并讲述他们祖先与非洲人贸易的故事；G选项“If it’s true, this remote village is evidence of an astonishing episode of maritime exploration in China.(如果这是真的，那么这个偏远的村庄就是中国海上探险的一个惊人片段的证据。)”承接上文，指出如果非洲小岛上老人所讲的故事是真的，那就是中国古代海上探险的证据；“it”指代上文的“Their ancestors had traded with local Africans, who had given them giraffes to take back to China.”；文章下文讲述中国古代的海上探险(郑和下西洋)，与选项中的“maritime exploration”相对应；由此可知G选项起到桥梁作用，将前文非洲小岛上的偶遇与郑和下西洋联系衔接起来。故选G。
3. 上文“Six centuries ago, a large number of Chinese ships crossed the sea, then travelled west to East Africa.(6个世纪前，大批中国船只远渡重洋，向西到达东非。)”讲述6个世纪前大批中国船只远渡重洋到达东非；A选项“Seven times, the treasure fleets set off for the unknown.(这些宝藏船队七次出发前往未知的地方。)”对中国大批船只的航行情况进一步说明；选项中的“the treasure fleets”指代上文中的“a large number of Chinese ships”；下文“These seven great expeditions brought a vast web of trading links under Chinese government control.(这七次远征将庞大的贸易网络置于中国政府的控制之下。)”承接A选项阐述了七次航海的影响与意义——它使中国建立了庞大的贸易网；A项中的“Seven times”与下文中的“These seven great expeditions”相照应。故选A。
3. 下文“Most of the trading involved spices (香料), wood, and medicines. Zheng He brought them back to the capital. (大部分贸易涉及香料、木材和药品。郑和把他们带回了京城。)”指出郑和下西洋把国外的香料、木材和药品带回中国；E选项“Zheng He traded China’s products for foreign luxuries and daily products.(郑和用中国的产品换取外国的奢侈品和日用品。)”承接上文的贸易网络(a vast web of trading links)阐述郑和下西洋的贸易情况，用中国的产品换取外国货物；下文承接E选项，对交易的货物种类进行说明，下文中的“spices (香料), wood, and medicines”对选项中的“foreign luxuries and daily products”进行具体说明。故选E。
4. 文章上文阐述了郑和下西洋对经济贸易的影响；由下文“In the regions they visited, Zheng He and his fleet (船队) remained a long-lasting theme in popular Southeast Asia folk tales. Two surviving records of the expeditions provide detailed accounts of unique Chinese navigation technologies of the time, leaving Chinese rich maritime legacy (遗产) to later generations.(在他们访问的地区，郑和和他的船队在东南亚民间传说中一直是一个经久不衰的主题。现存的两份航海记录详细描述了当时中国独特的航海技术，为后人留下了丰富的航海遗产。)”可知本段主要阐述郑和下西洋的文化影响；C选项“Aside from the economic impact, there was more cultural print.(除了经济影响，还有更多的文化影响。)”起到承上启下的作用，“the economic impact”指代前文提到的郑和带来的经济影响，下文中提到的对东南亚民间文学的影响及有关中国航海技术的记录等都是郑和下西洋留下的文化印记(cultural print)。故选C。
5. 上文“However, the Chinese expedition never sought to establish colonial rule over these oceans by military force. (然而，中国探险队从未试图通过军事力量在这些海洋上建立殖民统治。)”指出中国对于海洋的探索目的从来都不是建立殖民统治；F选项“It was intended to facilitate international and trade relationships with others.(它的目的是促进与其他国家的国际和贸易关系。)”承接上文，指出中国的航海目的是要建立良好的国际和贸易关系，符合语境，选项中的“It”指代上文中的“the Chinese expedition”。故选F。
Passage 11 男人编织的历史
The Manly History of Knitting (编织)
Knitting has seen a massive return lately. 1 Today, it’s mainly thought of as a woman’s pastime (消遣), although more and more men are picking up knitting needles as well. That’s not an odd thing at all — in fact, they’re following in the footsteps of centuries of manly knitters.
It’s been suggested that the earliest roots of knitting were found in the minds and hands of fishermen. The theory, although it’s unproven, says that catching fish one at a time with a single line was difficult and time-consuming. 2 They used the nets to catch fish, and the roots of knitting were born.
The earliest knitted objects we have ever found are some pretty impressive Egyptian socks. The socks have some small, complex patterns on them. The art form had been just about perfected around the 10th century. 3 It was something for the upper class. Knitted items were found in the tombs (墓) of Spanish royalty.
In the 1400s came the establishment of guilds (公会) to teach the art of knitting. The guilds only consisted of males, and the process that was required to join them was extremely difficult. Teenage boys who were destined (注定) for the knitters’ guild had six years of training ahead of them before they could even think about becoming an official knitter. 4
The shift in knitting from a male-only occupation to a female-dominated hobby came in the Victorian era. With the invention of knitting machines, it was no longer necessary for tradesmen to go through all the years of training. 5 By 1880, the idea of women knitting scarves, socks, and gloves for a lover was a notion romanticized in poetry.
A. The history of knitting is a little foggy.
B. Fishermen tied ropes together to form nets.
C. Women began to take up knitting as a hobby.
D. European knitting came around by 1275 or so.
E. They would be required to create a knitted carpet.
F. Social media is full of people sharing their latest creations.
G. Men would then need to complete an entrance exam for the guild.
【答案】1. F 2. B 3. D 4. G 5. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了男人编织的历史。
1. 前文“Knitting has seen a massive return lately.(最近，编织业出现了大规模的回归。)”说明了目前编织业的普及。后文“Today, it’s mainly thought of as a woman’s pastime (消遣), although more and more men are picking up knitting needles as well. (如今，编织主要被认为是女性的消遣，尽管越来越多的男性也开始拿起编织针。)”进一步说明了编织收到男人和女人的喜爱。空白处是过渡句。F项“Social media is full of people sharing their latest creations.(社交媒体上到处都是分享自己最新作品的人。)”进一步说明了编织受人们欢迎的具体表现，承上启下，符合语境。且F项中“full of people sharing…”与前文massive 意义相符，后文woman与men与F项中“people”意义一致。故选F项。
2. 前文“The theory, although it’s unproven, says that catching fish one at a time with a single line was difficult and time-consuming.(这一理论虽然未经证实，但它表明，用一条线一次钓一条鱼既困难又耗时。)”说明渔夫们发现用一条线钓鱼很难，暗示他们会想办法解决这一问题。B项“Fishermen tied ropes together to form nets.(渔民们把绳子系在一起编成网。)”承接上文。且B项中Fishermen与本段首句fishermen呼应。B项也自然引出后文“They used the nets to catch fish, and the roots of knitting were born.(他们用网捕鱼，编织的起源就此诞生。)”。后文the nets指代的就是B项中的nets。故选B项。
3. 前文“The art form had been just about perfected around the 10th century.(这种艺术形式在10世纪左右已经趋于完善。)”说明接下来，作者要讲10世纪时，编织艺术的发展，D项“European knitting came around by 1275 or so. (欧洲针织大约在1275年左右出现。)”符合语境，且后文“It was something for the upper class. (这是上流社会的东西)”中It指代的就是D项中European knitting；本段最后一句中“Spanish royalty”也属于D项“European”范畴。故选D项。
4. 前文“In the 1400s came the establishment of guilds (公会) to teach the art of knitting. The guilds only consisted of males, and the process that was required to join them was extremely difficult. Teenage boys who were destined (注定) for the knitters’ guild had six years of training ahead of them before they could even think about becoming an official knitter. (15世纪开始建立行会，教授编织艺术。行会只由男性组成，加入他们的过程极其困难。那些注定要加入编织工会的十几岁男孩，在他们考虑成为一名正式的编织工之前，还需要接受六年的培训。)”具体介绍了男孩子如何学会编织，并成为一名编织工的过程。G项“Men would then need to complete an entrance exam for the guild. (然后，男性需要完成公会的入学考试。)”说明了十几岁男孩在接受六年培训后，(成人后)还要参加考试，才能成为合格的编织工，补充了男性成为编织工的完整过程，符合语境。故选G项。
5. 段首主题句“The shift in knitting from a male-only occupation to a female-dominated hobby came in the Victorian era. (在维多利亚时代，编织从男性专属的职业转变为女性主导的爱好。)”说明了编织也成为越来越多的女性的爱好。C项“Women began to take up knitting as a hobby.(妇女们开始把编织当作一种爱好。)” 是对主题句的具体解释。后文“By 1880, the idea of women knitting scarves, socks, and gloves for a lover was a notion romanticized in poetry.(到1880年，女人为情人编织围巾、袜子和手套的想法在诗歌中被浪漫化了。)”介绍了女性编织在诗歌中被体现。因此C项符合语境。故选C项。
Passage 12新航线新大陆
It took brave European explorers less than 300 years, between 1420 and 1713, to establish that all the seas of the world formed an enormous and continuous ocean. This discovery encouraged them to 1 into areas which hadn’t been charted until then. With the discovery of new lands, new trade routes were 2 . In many parts of the world, colonies and settlements were established and many odd-looking products were brought back to 3 , arousing great interest and 4 wealth.
It was probably the irresistible desire for wealth that 5 persuaded Europeans of the fifteenth century to 6 their legendary dangers and explore further out into the open seas. They were also 7 by the love for their countries. Many explorers wanted to serve their kings and countries as well as gain personal 8 from their exploring.
The most effective way of gaining wealth was through 9 . Silk, gold, silver and 10 stones, and more importantly spices, such as gingers and peppers, were the most profitable trade goods in Europe. Spices were of the greatest 11 because they enabled the Europeans to make their winter diet of salted meat more delicious. These items were 12 mostly from the East by a difficult overland route. The Italian 13 , who bought goods from the Arabs of Alexandria, controlled the trade along this route. Other countries of the Mediterranean 14 the wealth which this trade generated and they were 15 to discover new routes which would allow them to share in it.
1. A. sail B. walk C. fly D. drive
2. A. set back B. set off C. set up D. set against
3. A. the East B. the Mediterranean C. Europe D. Italy
4. A. inheriting B. creating C. saving D. losing
5. A. frequently B. hardly C. frankly D. eventually
6. A. recognize B. risk C. realize D. foresee
7. A. discouraged B. praised C. forced D. inspired
8. A. business B. benefit C. fame D. rights
9. A. trade B. war C. conquering D. bargaining
10. A. precious B. rough C. hard D. smooth
11. A. interest B. efficiency C. value D. practice
12. A. exported B. imported C. robbed D. occupied
13. A. soldiers B. explorers C. pioneers D. merchants
14. A. lost B. won C. possessed D. envied
15. A. disappointed B. available C. anxious D. reluctant
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. A
11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了欧洲探险家发现了新航线新大陆以后，便开始在世界许多地方建立了殖民地和定居点并通过贸易获得财富。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一发现鼓励他们航行到此前没有绘制地图的地区。A. sail航行；B. walk步行；C. fly飞行；D. drive开车。根据前文“It took brave European explorers less than 300 years, between 1420 and 1713, to establish that all the seas of the world formed an enormous and continuous ocean.”可知，欧洲探险家确定世界上所有的海洋都是一个巨大而连续的海洋，所以是航行。故选A。
2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着新大陆的发现，新的贸易路线建立了起来。A. set back延迟；B. set off出发；C. set up建立；D. set against反对。根据本句“With the discovery of new lands”可知，新大陆发现了，意味着新的贸易路线被建立。故选C。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世界许多地方建立了殖民地和定居点，许多奇形怪状的产品被带回欧洲，引起了人们的极大兴趣，创造了财富。A. the East东方；B. the Mediterranean地中海；C. Europe欧洲；D. Italy意大利。根据前文“European explorers”可知，是欧洲的探险家，所以发现的产品被带回欧洲。故选C。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在世界许多地方建立了殖民地和定居点，许多奇形怪状的产品被带回欧洲，引起了人们的极大兴趣，创造了财富。A. inheriting继承；B. creating创造；C. saving节省；D. losing失去。根据本句“many odd-looking products were brought back”可知，产品被带回，引起人们的兴趣，所以创造了财富。故选B。
5. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许正是对财富的不可抗拒的渴望，最终说服了15世纪的欧洲人冒着传说中的危险，向更远的公海进行探索。A. frequently频繁地；B. hardly几乎不；C. frankly坦率地；D. eventually最终。根据本句“the irresistible desire for wealth”可知，是对财富的不可抗拒的渴望最终说服了他们探险。故选D。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许正是对财富的不可抗拒的渴望，最终说服了15世纪的欧洲人冒着传说中的危险，向更远的公海进行探索。A. recognize承认；B. risk冒险；C. realize意识到；D. foresee预见。根据本句“explore further out into the open seas”可知，他们探索更远的海域，是要冒着风险的。故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也被对祖国的热爱所鼓舞。A. discouraged使沮丧；B. praised表扬；C. forced迫使；D. inspired鼓舞。根据空后“by the love for their countries”以及下Unit 3 Back to the past
单元引言解读
Looking into a mirror, we can see true images of our own; with our knowledge of the past, the present can be better known
.—Chen Shou
释义：明镜所以照形，古事所以知今。
——陈寿
启示：该句出自三国及西晋时期史学家陈寿的《三国志·吴书·吴主五子传》，表明研究历史是为了洞察当今的形势。
名句积累 1、历史是生活的教师。 History is the teacher of life. 2、一切历史都是当代史。 All history is contemporary history. 3、历史是国家和人类的传记。 History is the biography of country and human. 4、历史是人类的过去的知识。 History is the past of human knowledge. 5、历史是说过和做过事情的记忆。 History is the memory of said and done things. 6、每一种真正的历史都是现代史。 Every kind of true history is modern history. 7、胜利者书写历史，失败者创造历史。 Winners writing history, losers make history. 8、无论如何，历史总是一代胜过一代。 However, history is always a generation than a generation. 9、历史是安静的，喧嚣的是说历史的人。 History is a quiet, noisy mean history. 10、历史又可教我们以智慧和价值的相对性。 History can teach us the wisdom and the relativity of value. 11、历史是一面镜子，也是一本深刻的教科书。 History is a mirror, is also a profound textbook. 12、不尊重历史的人，注定要重犯历史的错误。 People who do not respect history, are doomed to repeat the historical error. 13、历史是一面镜子，它照亮现实，也照亮未来。 History is a mirror, it illuminates reality, also illuminate the future. 14、我们的历史是一份无比珍贵的遗产，是值得我们自豪的。 Our history is a precious heritage, is worth proud of.
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“历史事件和历史人物”，涉及的语篇类型有小说节选、历史文章、网站文章、报告等。本单元的教学旨在激发学生对历史的学习兴趣，培养学生的时空观念，引导学生理解和尊重世界各国的历史，在对不同文化的比较、鉴赏、批判和反思的过程中，形成广阔的国际视野，培养深厚的家国情怀。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“历史事件和历史人物”这一话题的多个层面。Welcome to the unit 板块要求学生就小说《时间机器》(The Time Machine)的一段节选展开讨论，为本单元学习做准备：Reading 板块介绍了明朝航海家郑和和意大利航海家克里斯托弗·哥伦布，旨在激发学生思考航海家所具备的优秀品质及海上探险对历史发展的意义；Grammar and usage板块通过“史学家司马迁”这一话题来创设情境，要求学生在此情境中探究表语从句的语法规则，并在具体语境中恰当运用；Integrated skills板块通过听、读、说活动的铺垫，引导学生完成对通俗史书发表个人观点这一写作任务；Extended reading 板块从两位幸存者的视角再现了珍珠港事件，呼吁人们尊重历史，珍爱和平；Project板块要求学生通过合作学习和探究学习，撰写一份介绍某一历史事件的报告；Assessment板块引导学生运用元认知策略进行阶段性反思和总结，要求学生通过回答问题的形式，分析存在的问题并制订针对性的解决方案；Further study 板块指导学生运用资源策略，通过阅读有关世界历史的书籍和浏览中国国家博物馆官方网站，就“历史事件和历史人物”这一话题进行自主、深入的探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
(1)性质及特点
①popular history 通俗历史
②local history 地方志
③official history 正史
④unofficial history 野史
⑤history of everyday life 日常生活史
⑥primitive culture 原始文化
⑦in common language 用通俗语言
(2)作用、影响及评价
①have an effect/influence/impact on 对……有影响
②have a better understanding of 对……有更好的了解
③have a good command/knowledge of 精通;掌握
句式整理
(1)段首句
①I’d like to recommend a book which is about Chinese history.
我想推荐一本关于中国历史的书。
②It’s a popular history book about the history of the world.
这是一本关于世界历史的通俗历史书。
③China is a country with a long history.
中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。
(2)主体段落句
①The book covers Chinese history of about 5,000 years.
这本书涵盖了大约5 000年的中国历史。
②The historical figures and events in the book are vividly portrayed.
书中的历史人物和事件描写得栩栩如生。
③Some historical relics were unearthed.
出土了一些历史文物。
④Many legends centre about this historical figure.
许多传说都以这个历史人物为中心。
(3)段尾句
①The book is of great help for you to have a better understanding of Chinese history.
这本书对你更好地了解中国历史有很大帮助。
②These materials have much value as historical records.
这些资料有很高的史料价值。
拓展阅读精练
阅读微技能---说明文数字计算题 说明文文章结构分明，条理清晰，逻辑缜密，语言精练。文章按照时间发展顺序展开论述，主题突出，内容翔实，评价中肯。文章运用各类数据事实信息，增强了论述的说服力。相关的阅读理解也出现了数字计算题。 解题方略 ①明确题干要求，锁定原文相关信息 ②对相关信息和数字进行分析和理解 ③利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案 设题方式 ①Which number should you call if you want to work with the elderly ②How many/How much... 技法点拨 step 1 圈定题干关键词 step 2 定位信息句 step 3 得出答案
Passage 1 作品展览会
(2024·贵州·高二下学期阶段练习)
ANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOW
The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages.” Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of Tang Yin(1470－1524). Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.
Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty(1600 BCE－1046 BCE). While the artists who made these great works are not known, they showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong(1711－1799), a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.
Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty (618－907) sculptures. Most of these are of Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century.
During this same period, trade along the Silk Road also boomed. Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures, one sees the faces of the past. History is brought to life.
This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition. We guarantee that “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works.
“From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will run until November 25.
Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday (the museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4:30 p.m.
Admission: $10 for adults: $8 for students; $5 for children under 12; free for children under 5.
No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.
1. Which of the following is NOT true about the exhibition
A. It covers a history of more than 3,000 years.
B. It only exhibits bronze bowls, ceramic vases and jade sculptures.
C. It displays the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
D. Its theme is “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages”.
2. What can we learn about Tang Yin
A. He gained entry into the civil service.
B. He was born in the Qing Dynasty.
C. He was recognized as one of the greatest artists.
D. His painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass was painted 400 years ago.
3. Sculptures of Tang Dynasty ________.
A. are imported from the West
B. were intended to spread Daoism
C. are of exceptional beauty and quality
D. are rarely shown in the public
4. If you pay a visit to the exhibition, you should ________.
A. go to the museum on November 26
B. visit it on Monday
C. have lunch in the museum
D. visit it from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Tuesday
Passage 2 詹姆斯·库克的《奋进号》日志
(2024河南高二下学期阶段练习)Following Cook’s death in 1779, the Endeavour journal of James Cook is thought to have been held by his wife Elizabeth. There is no record of the journal’s movements following Elizabeth Cook’s death in 1835 until its appearance in 1923 when it was offered at auction(拍卖) by its owners the Bolckow family of Yorkshire. The family were unable to explain how they came to hold the journal. It had apparently been in the family’s library ‘for over fifty years, having been purchased by the late Bolckow’s uncle, but from whom and in what circumstances is unknown’.
On 21 March 1923 the Australian government purchased the Endeavour journal for 5000 for the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library.
The Mitchell Library, Sydney, had been chasing the journal since its discovery with the Bolckow family in 1922 before the auction, and had approached the Commonwealth Government for a financial contribution towards the purchase. Though Interim(临时的) Commonwealth Parliamentary Librarian Arthur Wadsworth had guaranteed the Mitchell that there would be no competition for the item, Kenneth Binns (to be Wadsworth’s successor) felt that the Endeavour journal was more suited to remain within the nation’s library.
Binns put forward an eventually persuasive argument that the Commonwealth could not finance the Mitchell, ‘which was, after all, a private institution’. Prime Minister Bruce telegraphed the officer in London to instruct the Mitchell Library’s Chief Librarian, already in England anticipating the auction, to bid on behalf of the Commonwealth. The Mitchell Library accepted upon the understanding that it would be the keeper of the journal until such time that the Commonwealth Government had a suitable storing place, a National Library.
Upon arrival in Australia the journal was exhibited in Queens Hall, Melbourne, for a month after which it was taken to the Mitchell Library which held it for four years, before it was removed to Canberra.
1. Who owned the Endeavour journal of James Cook at last
A. James Cook. B. Elizabeth Cook.
C. The Bolckow family of Yorkshire. D. The Australian government.
2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A. Melbourne . B. The Mitchell Library.
C. The Commonwealth Government. D. Canberra.
3. What can you learn from the passage
A. Cook’s wife Elizabeth passed on the Endeavour journal to the Blockow family.
B. The Endeavour journal was on show in Melbourne before being taken to Sydney.
C. The Mitchell Library bought the Endeavour journal at its own expense.
D. The National Library of Australia is in Melbourne.
4. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. How the Endeavour journal came to the National Library of Australia.
B. How the Endeavour journey came to the Mitchell Library of Sydney.
C. How the Endeavour journey came to the Bolckow family of Yorkshire.
D. How important the Endeavour journey is to Australian.
Passage 3费城申请世界遗产城市成功
(2024·湖南长沙·高二下学期开学考)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is America’s fifth largest city. Once a major American colonial city, it is the home of America’s first library, its first hospital, and its first zoo. Now it is also the first US city to be named a World Heritage City. On November 6, 2015, Philadelphia joined more than 260 other cities that have been recognized for their influence on the world. These cities include Paris, France, Florence, Italy, and Cairo, Egypt.
The exciting news was announced by Philadelphia Mayor Michael Nutter, Deputy Mayor Alan Greenberger, responsible for economic development and business guidance, and the Global Philadelphia Association. “Today marks the start of a new and exciting chapter in the history of Philadelphia,” remarked Nutter when the announcement was made. “As a World Heritage City, Philadelphia is being officially recognized on the global stage for its wealth of contributions to the world.”
To be named a World Heritage City, a city must be home to a UNESCO World Heritage site. UNESCO World Heritage sites are selected for their universal value and significance. For Philadelphia, the site is Independence Hall.
Independence Hall is where two of the most important documents in US history — the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution — were adopted. The Declaration of Independence, approved on July 4, 1776, united the 13 former British colonies and declared them independent from British rule. From then on, a democratic and free country was born, which changed the course of world history. The US Constitution, signed in 1787, established the American democratic system of government. A democracy is a system of government in which the people elect their leaders. The Constitution later spelled out the basic freedoms American citizens have.
Greenberger says the city’s selection as a World Heritage City also reflects its educational, cultural, and economic achievements. The city is home to dozens of colleges and universities, and many museums, such as the Philadelphia Museum of Art. “Philadelphia has rightfully earned its place as one of the greatest cities in the world. As we celebrate this milestone, we will focus even more on improving Philadelphia’s status as a World Heritage City to attract more guests to visit, invest, work, study and live here.” Greenberger says.
1. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that Philadelphia ________.
A. has the best American hospitals
B. contributed a lot to the global economy
C. is known for many America’s firsts
D. has been famous as a World Heritage City
2. In Paragraph 2, Michael Nutter is mainly talking about ________.
A. the economic development of the city
B. the history of Philadelphia
C. the contributions of the city
D. the significance of the city’s selection
3. What opinion does Alan Greenberger hold
A. The city really deserves the honor.
B. It’s easy for the city to win the honor.
C. It won’t be long before the city takes off.
D. The honor will bring the city a better future.
4. What could be the best title for the text
A. Philadelphia Makes a Difference B. Philadelphia Makes History
C. Philadelphia Develops a Lot D. America Wins Global Respect
Passage 4对考古学的看法
“Some inconspicuous(不起眼的) artifacts, once unearthed and cleaned, can transport me back across time as I touch them. It’s as though I were in the same space with ancient people who lived millions of years ago.” This is what Xu Danyang, a young member of the Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4 sacrificial pit(祭祀坑) at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang, Sichuan province, says of his view of his job.
Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to study, Xu says. However, discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed students’ preconceptions. The increasing popularity of Sanxingdui is a good thing, Xu says. The reason why the site has attracted international attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom, illustrating the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.
Speaking of the pit team, Xu says more than half the members were born in the 1990s. The daily work of Xu and his team can be split into two parts: the indoor work of reorganizing materials and conducting research, and the outdoor archaeological fieldwork, both of which require great meticulousness (谨小慎微). The process of dig needs careful teamwork, and everyone performs their duties extremely. One does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must. The infinite nature of human history can be reflected as one connects seemingly insignificant discoveries.
1. What does the underlined words “excavation” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Discovery. B. Dig. C. Invention. D. Breakthrough.
2. What effect have the discoveries at Sanxingdui had on students’ view of archaeology
A. Decreased interest in studying archaeology.
B. No change in people’s view.
C. Decreased attention on Sanxingdui.
D. Increased interest in studying archaeology.
3. What has attracted international attention to the Sanxingdui ruins site
A. Unearthed bronze ware and gold decorations.
B. Careful teamwork.
C. Xu Danyang’s view of his job.
D. The inclusive nature of Chinese civilization.
4. What quality is crucial for success in the field of archaeology
A. Quick success and instant rewards.
B. Careful teamwork and patience.
C. Decreased attention.
D. Reorganizing materials.
Passage 5马赛克地画
(2024·青海西宁高二上学期·期末)Palestinian farmer Salman al-Nabahin was working in his garden in Gaza when he noticed that some of the new trees he’d planted on his land did not root properly. Curious about what might be causing the issue, al-Nabahin asked his son to help him start digging.
His son’s ax(斧子) struck something hard. When the two men began to clear away the dirt, they discovered an item they did not recognize. A little Internet searching provided the answer to their mystery: They’d come across a Byzantine-era floor mosaic(拜占庭时期马赛克地画) featuring birds and other animals.
This happened six months ago. Now, archaeologists(考古学家) are hard at work studying the flooring to learn more about its secrets and civilization values.
The mosaic features 17 images of birds and other animals presented in bright colors. Archaeologists believe artists created the flooring sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries, though they don’t know whether the mosaic had religious(宗教的) origins. In total, the land covering the entire mosaic is about 500 square meters, and the mosaic itself measures about 23 square meters. Some parts of the mosaic appear to be damaged, likely from the roots of an old tree.
“These are the most beautiful mosaic floors discovered in Gaza, both in terms of the quality of the vivid representation and the complexity of the pattern,” says René Elter, an archaeologist in Jerusalem. “Never have mosaic floors of this precision in the patterns and richness of the colors been discovered in the Gaza Strip.”
The Gaza Strip, which is located between Israel and Egypt and was a busy trade route throughout history, is home to many ancient civilizations. The farmer and his son discovered the mosaic about a kilometer from the border with Israel. Archaeologists and other experts are concerned about the mosaic’s future because of the ongoing conflict there and a lack of funding for historical protection.
1. What led Salman al-Nabahin to the unexpected discovery
A. His son’s constant digging work. B. His decision to remove some new trees.
C. The improper growth of some new trees. D. The appearance of some birds and other animals.
2. What can we learn about the mosaic
A. Its origin has something to do with religion. B. The time of its creation can be figured out.
C. It has been seriously damaged by digging work. D. It reflects relationships between humans and animals.
3. What do René Elter’s words in the last but one paragraph show
A. The history of the mosaic floors. B. The great value of the mosaic floors.
C. The secrets hidden in the mosaic floors. D. The difficulty in creating the mosaic floors.
4. What is some experts’ concern about the mosaic
A. It may not be well -protected. B. It may be too large to carry.
C. It may cause regional conflicts. D. It may lose its historical meaning
Passage 6马丘比丘
(2024·山东临沂高二上学期·期末)The Inca Empire was the most powerful of the day, ruling western South America between 1400 and 1533. And the Inca leaders sometimes needed vacations! That’s why the Inca built Machu Picchu in what’s now Peru. All that’s left today are ruins, but about 500 years ago, it was a bustling royal residence. Peek into the past to discover the secrets of this awesome spot.
ROYAL RELAXATION
The royal family lived mostly in the mountainous capital city, Cusco. But during the winter, they could move down to the warmer Machu Picchu. Emperor Pachacuti Inc a Yupanqui likely ordered construction of it around 1450. There, the royals could feast and entertain guests. The other 750 residents served the rulers and maintained the city.
PERFECT FIT
Earthquakes are common in Peru, so Inca builders designed Machu Picchu to resist these shakes. They cut the stones to fit together, and they didn’t use any material, like cement, to bind them. This way, when the ground shook, the stones could bounce around and then settle back into place.
CODED LANGUAGE
The Inca didn’t have a written language and instead used knotted cords called quipu (KEE-poo) to send messages and keep records. Experts think the style of the knot and the color of the string contained information. Researchers are now using computers to try to untangle these long-lost codes.
1. Why did the Inca Empire build Machu Picchu
A. For pleasure of more residents. B. For the recreation of the leaders.
C. For relocating the capital city. D. For appealing to more vacationers.
2. What did Inca builders do to resist the shakes
A. They made the stones fit together. B. They used cement to bind them.
C. They made the stones bounce around. D. They settled the stones back into place.
3. How did the Inca share important information
A. By telling others face to face. B. By writing it down on large stones.
C. By using their own unique language. D. By coloring some materials picked.
Passage 7 . 中国古代的丝绸之路
(2024四川广安高二下学期·阶段练习)The ancient silk road was a once in a life time journey. It was one of the most important milestones of trade and culture in world history, and the pioneer, Zhang Qian, could not be easily forgotten by history. He was an outstanding diplomat, traveler and explorer in the Han Dynasty of China, honored as the “the first Chinese to open their eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus of the east”.
In 138 BC, at the reign of Emperor Wudi, Zhang Qian was sent to the west of China for an alliance with the Yue-chi people to fight against the Xiongnu. He started his trip from Chang’an(now Xi’an in Shanxi Province)to Longxi(in Gansu Province). Along the way, no matter how difficult the environment was, his faith was firm. But unfortunately, Zhang was caught by the Xiongnu people just as he left Han, and was held prisoner for ten years.
Zhang finally managed to escape with some of his men and continued to travel west without any dry food or drinking water. Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows, they survived by eating some birds and other animals along the way. When Zhang at last reached the Yue-chi in Northern India, he was disappointed to find that they didn’t want to fight against the Xiongnu people. On the return journey, Zhang Qian and his men were again caught. It was not until 125 BC that they returned to Chang’an.
Though Zhang hadn’t finished his mission, he brought back first-hand information on the geography, ethnography, and societies of Central Asia. The paths Zhang Qian explored later served as the highways connecting Europe, the Middle East, Mesopotamia, Central Asia, and East modities, crops, animals, religions, ideas, music, technology, and artifacts have been transported by diplomats, merchants and soldiers along this network of highways, which have, since the 19th century been known as the “Silk Road”. Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era of cultural exchange between East and West with long-lasting treasure well observable today.
1. What is the passage mainly about
A. Zhang Qian and Yue-chi people. B. The importance of the Silk Road.
C. The paths Zhang Qian explored. D. Zhang Qian and the Silk Road.
2. The word “alliance” in Paragraph 2 has the similar meaning to ________.
A. decision B. exploration C. agreement D. excitement
3. According to the passage, what is true about the Silk Road
A. Columbus set the footprints on the ancient silk road.
B. The Silk Road was a highway to Europe in Han Dynasty.
C. Zhang Qian was a pioneer opening up the Silk Road.
D. The Silk Road has the greatest value in Chinese history.
4. Which words best describe Zhang Qian
A. Brave and strong-willed. B. Careful and confident
C. Proud and open-minded. D. Honest and excellent.
Passage 8南美洲的纳斯卡线
The Nazca Lines are a collection of giant geoglyphs(地画), located in the Peruvian coastal plain about 250 miles south of Lima, Peru. Created by the ancient Nazca culture in South America, the 2, 000 year old Nazca Lines can only be fully viewed from the air given their massive size.
There are three basic types of the Nazca Lines: straight lines, geometric designs and pictorial(图画的) representations. More than 800 straight lines are found on the coastal plain, some of which are 30 miles long. Additionally, there are over 300 geometric designs, which include basic shapes such as triangles, rectangles, as well as arrows, zigzags and wavy lines. The Nazca Lines are perhaps best known for the representations of about 70 animals and plants, some of which measure up to 1, 200 feet long. Examples include a spider, hummingbird, monkey, whale, dog, duck, flower, and tree.
More recent research suggested that the Nazca Lines’ purpose was related to water, a valuable thing in the desert. The geoglyphs weren’t used as an irrigation system or a guide to find water, but rather as part of a ritual (仪式) to pray to the gods — an effort to bring much needed rain.
The Nazca Lines are located in the desert plains of the Rio Grande de Nasca river basin. The desert floor is covered in a layer of deep red color rocks. The ancient people created their designs by removing the top 12 to 15 inches of rock, revealing the lighter-colored sand below. They likely began with small scale models and carefully increased the models’ proportions(规模) to create the large designs.
Given the small amount of rain, wind and erosion in the desert, the geoglyphs have remained largely unharmed throughout the centuries. But the geoglyphs aren’t completely safe. In 2009, the Nazca Lines suffered the first recorded rain damage. Five years later, the environmental group Greenpeace damaged an area near the hummingbird geoglyph during a media stunt.
1. Why should the geoglyphs only be fully appreciated from the air
A. The geoglyphs occupy a massive area of land.
B. The geoglyphs are in the centre of the desert.
C. The geoglyphs are only accessible by plane.
D. The geoglyphs are so diverse in design.
2. What was the geoglyphs’ purpose
A. To record ancient culture.
B. To guide water to the land.
C. To pray to the gods for rain.
D. To show ancient people’s talents.
3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How the geoglyphs were created.
B. Where the geoglyphs are located.
C. Why the geoglyphs were created.
D. What the proportion of the geoglyphs is.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The geoglyphs are damagefree.
B. The geoglyphs need protection.
C. The geoglyphs are in perfect condition.
D. The geoglyphs get media’s protection.
Passage 9埃及政府希望通过最近在考古学上的新发现
(2024·山西忻州高二上学期·期末)Archaeologists in Egypt have unearthed a Sphinx statue(狮身人面像) with a smiley face near the Hathor Temple, one of the country’s best preserved ancient sites. The smiling Sphinx is much smaller than the famous Sphinx in Giza, which is 20 metres high. The stone work of art, believed to be a stylized representation of an ancient Roman emperor, was found inside a two-level tomb near the temple in southern Egypt.
Next to the beautifully and accurately carved Sphinx, researchers had found a Roman stone written in hieroglyph(象形文字). Once fully translated, the stone may unveil the identity of the sculpted ruler, who could be Emperor Claudius.
The smiling Sphinx is among a series of discoveries announced over the past few months. The country has uncovered major archaeological discoveries in recent months, primarily in the Saqqara cemetery(墓地) south of Cairo as well as in Giza, home to the only surviving structure of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Recently, Egypt announced the discovery of a hidden nine-metre passage inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, which may lead to the actual burial room of pharaoh (法老) Khufu, or Cheops. Further south, in Luxor, archaeologists had discovered a 1,800-year-old complete residential city from the Roman times.
Hathor Temple, about 500 kilometres south of the capital Cairo, was home to the Dendera Zodiac, a heavenly map which has been displayed at the Louvre in Paris for more than a century. Since Frenchman Sebastien Louis Saulnier took it out of the temple in 1922, Egypt has been attempting to get it back.
Some experts see such announcements as having more political and economic weight than scientific, as Egypt is counting on tourism to revive its vital tourism industry in a severe economic crisis. The government aims to draw in 30 million tourists a year by 2028.
1. What do we know about the smiling Sphinx
A. Its owner was confirmed as an ancient Roman ruler.
B. It has been the best-preserved Sphinx till now.
C. It is as high as 20 metres like the Sphinx of Giza.
D. It was discovered close to the Hathor Temple.
2. What does the underlined word “unveil” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Reveal.
B. Seek.
C. Deny.
D. Maintain.
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The diversity of cultural relics in Egypt.
B. The discoveries made recently in Egypt.
C. The status of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
D. The new discovery about pharaoh Khufu.
4. What does Egypt expect most from the recent discoveries
A. Scientific progress.
B. Political position.
C. Economic advance.
D. Cultural exchange.
Passage 10 郑和下西洋
In 1999, journalist Nicholas D. Kristof reported a surprising encounter on a tiny African island. Here, Kristof met a number of elderly men who told him that they were descendants of Chinese sailors many centuries ago. Their ancestors had traded with local Africans, who had given them giraffes to take back to China. 14
Six centuries ago, a large number of Chinese ships crossed the sea, then travelled west to East Africa. 2 These seven great expeditions brought a vast web of trading links under Chinese government control.
3 Most of the trading involved spices(香料), wood, and medicines. Zheng He brought them back to the capital. Although these goods were mainly presented to the emperor for his consumption and disposal, foreign ambassadors who came to China were permitted to trade with locals in the capital for handsome profits, which also allowed ordinary Chinese to benefit from international trade.
4 In the regions they visited, Zheng He and his fleet(船队) remained a long-lasting theme in popular Southeast Asia folk tales. Two surviving records of the expeditions provide detailed accounts of unique Chinese navigation technologies of the time, leaving Chinese rich maritime legacy(遗产) to later generations.
However, the Chinese expedition never sought to establish colonial rule over these oceans by military force. 5 China’s maritime dominance disappeared suddenly in the 1430s because of domestic changes, and the overseas expeditions were eventually ended by the court. All this happened only decades prior to the occurrence of the great age of European discovery and exploration.
A. Seven times, the treasure fleets set off for the unknown.
B. Zheng He’s great voyage started at the port of Nanjing.
C. Aside from the economic impact, there was more cultural print.
D. The actual economic impact of the expedition was difficult to evaluate.
E. Zheng He traded China’s products for foreign luxuries and daily products.
F. It was intended to facilitate international and trade relationships with others.
G. If it’s true, this remote village is evidence of an astonishing episode of maritime exploration in China.
Passage 11 男人编织的历史
The Manly History of Knitting (编织)
Knitting has seen a massive return lately. 1 Today, it’s mainly thought of as a woman’s pastime (消遣), although more and more men are picking up knitting needles as well. That’s not an odd thing at all — in fact, they’re following in the footsteps of centuries of manly knitters.
It’s been suggested that the earliest roots of knitting were found in the minds and hands of fishermen. The theory, although it’s unproven, says that catching fish one at a time with a single line was difficult and time-consuming. 2 They used the nets to catch fish, and the roots of knitting were born.
The earliest knitted objects we have ever found are some pretty impressive Egyptian socks. The socks have some small, complex patterns on them. The art form had been just about perfected around the 10th century. 3 It was something for the upper class. Knitted items were found in the tombs (墓) of Spanish royalty.
In the 1400s came the establishment of guilds (公会) to teach the art of knitting. The guilds only consisted of males, and the process that was required to join them was extremely difficult. Teenage boys who were destined (注定) for the knitters’ guild had six years of training ahead of them before they could even think about becoming an official knitter. 4
The shift in knitting from a male-only occupation to a female-dominated hobby came in the Victorian era. With the invention of knitting machines, it was no longer necessary for tradesmen to go through all the years of training. 5 By 1880, the idea of women knitting scarves, socks, and gloves for a lover was a notion romanticized in poetry.
A. The history of knitting is a little foggy.
B. Fishermen tied ropes together to form nets.
C. Women began to take up knitting as a hobby.
D. European knitting came around by 1275 or so.
E. They would be required to create a knitted carpet.
F. Social media is full of people sharing their latest creations.
G. Men would then need to complete an entrance exam for the guild.
Passage 12新航线新大陆
It took brave European explorers less than 300 years, between 1420 and 1713, to establish that all the seas of the world formed an enormous and continuous ocean. This discovery encouraged them to 1 into areas which hadn’t been charted until then. With the discovery of new lands, new trade routes were 2 . In many parts of the world, colonies and settlements were established and many odd-looking products were brought back to 3 , arousing great interest and 4 wealth.
It was probably the irresistible desire for wealth that 5 persuaded Europeans of the fifteenth century to 6 their legendary dangers and explore further out into the open seas. They were also 7 by the love for their countries. Many explorers wanted to serve their kings and countries as well as gain personal 8 from their exploring.
The most effective way of gaining wealth was through 9 . Silk, gold, silver and 10 stones, and more importantly spices, such as gingers and peppers, were the most profitable trade goods in Europe. Spices were of the greatest 11 because they enabled the Europeans to make their winter diet of salted meat more delicious. These items were 12 mostly from the East by a difficult overland route. The Italian 13 , who bought goods from the Arabs of Alexandria, controlled the trade along this route. Other countries of the Mediterranean 14 the wealth which this trade generated and they were 15 to discover new routes which would allow them to share in it.
1. A. sail B. walk C. fly D. drive
2. A. set back B. set off C. set up D. set against
3. A. the East B. the Mediterranean C. Europe D. Italy
4. A. inheriting B. creating C. saving D. losing
5. A. frequently B. hardly C. frankly D. eventually
6. A. recognize B. risk C. realize D. foresee
7. A. discouraged B. praised C. forced D. inspired
8. A. business B. benefit C. fame D. rights
9. A. trade B. war C. conquering D. bargaining
10. A. precious B. rough C. hard D. smooth
11. A. interest B. efficiency C. value D. practice
12. A. exported B. imported C. robbed D. occupied
13. A. soldiers B. explorers C. pioneers D. merchants
14. A. lost B. won C. possessed D. envied
15. A. disappointed B. available C. anxious D. reluctant
Passage 13石库门住宅
Shikumen Residence
Typical Shikumen Residence, literally meaning “Stone Warehouse Gate”, is regarded as the most representative house style of Shanghai. This sort of residence combines the 1 styles of southern China and western countries.
These residences can date back to the 1870s, when the Taiping Rebellion against the 2 of the Qing Dynasty broke out. Due to the warfare, the businessmen, ministers and wealthy people moved to the concession(租界) for protection. As a result, many foreign 3 businessmen had many residences built to earn money. Those residences were, therefore, inspired by western style.
Construction Features of Shikumen Residence
A Shikumen Residence is usually a two-floor building constructed with bricks and wood. As the residences are usually linked, a lane naturally comes into being. Two copper door-knockers 4 in the whole lane when they are struck. 5 the stone gate, you enter a patio(天井), from which the sunshine lights the whole yard. Right in front of the patio, there is a living room where the hosts meet or treat their 6 . Passing through the living room, another patio appears where the cooking bench is set.
Under the influence of western architecture, the doors and outside walls were gradually 7 with the arc-shaped or rectangular carvings and paintings. So, from the outside, the block of residences looks like western-style townhouses. 8 , the lintel(过梁)was usually constructed with Chinese traditional bricks and black tiles.
9 of Shikumen Residence
It’s said that before the 1950s, these residences 10 60% of all the Shanghai dwellings and sheltered 60% of the local population. They almost monopolized(垄断) the city’s estate market due to their comfortable, practical and convenient advantages. 11 these, they were popular because of their good locations and convenient transportation. As time passed by, they gradually 12 with the pace of the reconstruction of the old areas. Later, when some influential architects put forward that these residences should be 13 as a symbol of the typical Shanghai culture, great attention started to be paid to them.
Shikumen Culture
The appearance of these residences broke through the Chinese traditional lifestyle, under which a large 14 family lived in a big courtyard. The new smaller-sized courtyard came into being to lay a foundation for the later Lane Culture. This local culture had a great influence on Shanghai’s politics, economy, literature, arts and lifestyle. For example, the literature 15 of “Ting Zi Jian” was born at the same time. Later, the scholars continued to create many masterpieces.
1. A. living B. furniture C. variety D. architecture
2. A. domination B. ruling C. betrayal D. imposition
3. A. jewelry B. property C. weapon D. laundering
4. A. awaken B. alarm C. echo D. explode
5. A. Living through B. Filtering through C. Getting through D. Stepping through
6. A. supervisors B. guests C. diseases D. themselves
7. A. glued B. decorated C. provided D. replaced
8. A. However B. Likewise C. Therefore D. For instance
9. A. Struggle B. Popularity C. Development D. Conservation
10. A. take for B. accounted for C. occupied for D. care for
11. A. Due to B. In spite of C. Other than D. Apart from
12. A. turned out B. died out C. wiped out D. broke out
13. A. constructed B. referred C. preserved D. overseen
14. A. single-parent B. extended C. nuclear D. DINK
15. A. school B. prize C. lifestyle D. economics
Passage 14大雁塔的历史
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2024·浙江高二下学期·开学考试)Chang’an Tower, also known as the Great Wild Goose Pagoda, is an architectural wonder 1 (locate) in Xi’an, China. With its rich historical significance and stunning beauty, this ancient tower stands as a masterpiece of China’s cultural heritage.
2 (original) built during the Tang Dynasty in the 7th century, Chang’an Tower served as a Buddhist pagoda, housing Buddhist materials that the monk Xuanzang brought from India. Its construction 3 (order) by Emperor Gaozong to promote Buddhism and facilitate(使……便利) the translation of Buddhist scriptures(佛经) 4 Chinese.
Rising to a 5 (high) of 64 meters, the square-shaped, thirteen-storey tower showcases the splendid craftsmanship of ancient Chinese craftsmen, each storey of 6 exhibits unique architectural features, 7 (reflect) the cultural influences of the time. Visitors can go up the internal staircase to the top for magnificent 8 (view) of the city. Surrounding the pagoda, the serene gardens and the Da Ci’en Temple offer a peaceful retreat as well.
Whether it is for experiencing a piece of history 9 exploring cultural wonders, Chang’an Tower is 10 essential destination for those exploring China’s vast historical landscape.
Passage 15南京城墙上的壕沟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2024广西高二下学期·开学考试)A city’s name can often indicate its status in a nation’s history. Nanjing, meaning “southern capital city” literally in Chinese, could claim such an influential 1 (identify) in history.
The city, now capital of East China’s Jiangsu Province, was once 2 (global) considered to have 3 urban history of 2,500 years, a new archaeological research rewrites that. It was founded more than 3,100 years ago when an ancient city named Changgan was recently excavated (发掘).
“ 4 (date) from the Shang and Zhou dynasties, archaeologists found that the city’s walls were protected by trenches, 5 is a universally acknowledged indicator of a defensive system 6 (adopt) by ancient cities,” says Chen Dahai, head of the archaeological excavation team. “In the history of the ancient system, trenches 7 (appear) before the walls were constructed. They were built around the living area 8 (prevent) floods and defend against enemies,” he added.
The latest archaeological findings may reshape the city’s history, with 9 (it) appearance tracing back to more than 3,100 years ago. Wang Wei, director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences’ Archaeology Department, recognizes the discovery 10 a remarkable archaeological finding in tracing the Nanjing’s origins.
Passage 16西方绘画艺术风格变化的发展过程
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2024河北沧州·高二下学期阶段练习)As there have been so many different styles of Western art, perhaps the best way 1 (understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone. His paintings are set apart 2 other paintings by their 3 (reality) human faces and deep emotional impact. Painters concentrated 4 (little) on religious themes during the Renaissance. 5 important breakthrough was the use of perspective by Masaccio and another innovation was the use of oil paints. In subject matter, the emphasis 6 (increase) shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Photography was invented in the mid-19th century, after 7 paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, Impressionism 8 (emerge) in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet 9 (call) Impression, Sunrise. After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask what they would do next. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, 10 instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
