Unit 2 Out of this world
单元引言解读
The pursuit of the ultimate truth of the universe is the final objective and destination of civilization.
—Liu Cixin
释义：对宇宙终极真理的追求，是文明的最终目标和归宿。
——刘慈欣
启示：该句出自中国科幻作家刘慈欣的小说《朝闻道》，意在说明对宇宙的探索才是人类文明的最高境界。
名句积累 That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind. —Neil Armstrong 对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。 ——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗 2. Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known. —Carl Sagan 在某个地方，某件了不起的事情正等着人们去了解。 ——卡尔·萨根(美国天文学家、宇宙学家和科幻作家) 3. An increasing number of people hold the view that space exploration is of great significance to human beings. 越来越多的人认为太空探索对人类意义重大。
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是“太空探索”，涉及的语篇类型有视频、讲座文稿、漫画和杂志文章等。本单元的教学旨在引导学生深入思考人类探索宇宙的意义并学习宇航员奋勇前进、直面挑战的宝贵品质，培养学生对未知世界的好奇心与探索精神，加深学生对国家航天科技发展的认识，增强民族自豪感，激励学生未来为国家科技进步和航天事业发展贡献力量。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“太空探索”这一话题的多个层面。Welcome to the unit 板块通过一段视频呈现四项太空探索方面的重大突破，以此导入单元话题，激发学生对本单元话题的学习兴趣；Reading板块是一篇讲座文稿，介绍了宇航员在空间站的生活，旨在提升学生对太空探索的兴趣，激励他们学习宇航员的优秀品质；Grammar and usage 板块通过“天文望远镜的使用”这一话题来创设情境，要求学生在此情境中探究主语从句的语法规则，并在具体语境中恰当运用：Integrated skills 板块通过一系列听、看、说、写的活动，要求学生合理发挥想象力和创造力，创作关于外星人的故事；Extended reading 板块是一篇杂志文章，探讨人类探索宇宙的缘由，旨在帮助学生深入思考太空探索的意义，Project板块要求学生通过合作学习和探究学习，思考人类移居外星球可能会遇到的挑战并提出相应的解决方案；Assessment 板块引导学生运用元认知策略进行阶段性反思和总结，要求学生通过回答问题的形式，分析存在的问题并制订针对性的解决方案；Further study 板块指导学生运用资源策略，通过观赏纪录片《与霍金一起了解宇宙》和阅读关于太空探索的书籍，就“太空探索”这一话题进行自主、深入的探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
planet 行星
star恒星
satellite卫星；人造卫星
orbit 轨道
habitable planets宜居行星
spacecraft 宇宙飞船
an unmanned probe无人探测器
space labs/space stations 宇宙空间科学实验室/太空站
astronaut宇航员
crew全体机组人员
astronomer天文学家
spacewalk太空行走
launch a satellite 发射卫星
send a (manned) spacecraft into space/orbit 发送(载人)宇宙飞船至太空/轨道
set out on a mission to explore... 开始探索……的太空飞行任务
collect data and send it back to the Earth收集数据并将其传回地球
find out the secrets of the universe发现宇宙的奥秘
promote technological innovation 推动技术革新
help us survive well into the future 让我们延续生存，直到未来
adventure spirit探险精神
scientific and technological breakthroughs科技突破
unfold thousands of mysteries揭开无数秘密
explore the unknown探索未知
beyond the limit超越极限
home planet地球家园
artificial satellites人造卫星
invention of rockets火箭的发明
deep space太空深处
space projects太空项目
space travel太空旅行
句式整理
1. The Space Shuttle is now in orbit.航天飞机已进入轨道飞行。
2. The satellite orbits the Earth every 48 hours.那颗人造卫星每48小时绕地球轨道运行一周。
3. He Was A Pioneer Of China's Aerospace Industry.他是中国航天工业的拓荒者。
4. One great significance of space exploration is that many of the inventions that were developed for space travel have been adapted to good use on Earth.太空探索的伟大意义之一就是为太空旅行所开发的许多发明在地球上都得到了充分的利用。
5. It is the adventure spirit that has motivated human beings to unfold thousands of mysteries and will continue to propel them to explore the unknown in the future.正是探险精神推动人类揭开了无数的秘密，这种精神还会继续推动他们去探索未知。
6. The invention of rockets and space shuttles can help us realise the dream of space travel.火箭和太空飞船的发明能帮我们实现太空旅行的梦想。
7. 30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from our daily life and is a waste of money.我们中有30%的人觉得太空探索不值得，认为太空探索离我们的日常生活太远，并且浪费金钱。
8. Some believe it is not necessary to explore the universe but others hold an opposite view.有些人认为没有必要探索宇宙，但其他人持相反的观点。
9. There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from space exploration in many different ways. 毫无疑问，太空探索在许多不同的方面使我们受益良多。 写作佳句
拓展阅读精练
阅读写作微技能---如何破解阅读理解中的生僻词 英语阅读理解的两座大山,其中第一座就是词汇障碍。因此清除生词障碍是提高阅读速度,正确理解文章的前提和保证。常用的方法有: 1.无关紧要的词汇——“跳过去” 在阅读理解设题时,并不是所有的生词都是出题点。在阅读过程中,会遇到一些无关紧要的生词,即使不去精确猜测词义,也不会影响对基本句意的理解。所以,平时考生要练习对生词的容忍度和处理生词的技巧。对于这类词,不要过多纠缠。 2.影响阅读的词汇——“猜出来” 常用的猜测生词的方法有: (1)利用例证进行猜测; (2)利用逻辑关系进行猜测; (3)利用同位关系进行猜测; (4)利用上下文的指代关系进行猜测; (5)利用构词法进行猜测; (6)利用同义或近义关系进行猜测; (7)利用反义、转折或对比关系进行猜测。
Passage 1 四个适合家庭探索太空的目的地
(2024·贵州·高二下学期阶段练习)
SPACE JAM
For kids inspired by India’s moon landing, here are four destinations where families can explore the stars, space and beyond.
Kennedy Space Center, Florida (USA)
The NASA-operated Kennedy Space Center is a must for aspiring astronauts and space lovers. It’s organised into chronologically grouped attractions and tours based around mission launches from the US Space Program. Hands-on experiences range from live presentations delivered by astronauts to the new Astronaut Training Experience Center. It is also the closest place from which the public can view rocket lift-offs at Cape Canaveral.
Jodrell Bank, Cheshire (UK)
This world-leading science research institute is centred around the Grade I-listed Lovell Telescope. Its 35-acre grounds include lots of interactive fun and educational exhibits across several indoor spaces, plus guided pathways to wander and outdoor facilities such as a pair of ‘whispering dishes’ for kids to call between. There’s also a programme of family friendly events, including the annual Bluedot Festival, which brings together live music and science workshops each July.
Pic du Midi, French Pyrenees (France)
There are few observatories in the world where you can eat a delicious dinner, spend the night stargazing before retiring to a comfortable cabin, then get up to watch the sun rise above the clouds. Getting to Pic du Midi is an adventure in its own right, involving a ride on two cable-cars up to 2,877m. Once there, guided astronomy sessions help kids discover Saturn and its rings, clusters of stars in deep space and solar flares on the sun’s surface via some of the world’s most powerful telescopes.
Mount Teide, Tenerife (Spain)
It’s home to the largest solar observatory in the world, which sits at an altitude of 2,390m on Spain’s highest mountain, the Teide volcano. Ride the cable-car up for a scientist-led tour, which includes the chance to observe the sun through portable solar telescopes. The special family visits include a fascinating science workshop exploring how observatory astrophysicists carry out their research.
1. Where can visitors watch rocket launches
A. Kennedy Space Center. B. Jodrell Bank.
C. Pic du Midi. D. Mount Teide.
2. In Jodrell Bank, visitors can do the followings except .
A. Enjoying live music. B. Exploring educational displays.
C. Wandering on guide-free pathways. D. Calling between via a designed device.
3. What do Pic du Midi and Mount Teide both offer
A. A comfortable cabin. B. A workshop of science.
C. Places for eating food. D. Guidance to observe the sun.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个适合家庭探索太空的目的地。
1. 细节理解题。根据文中Kennedy Space Center, Florida(USA)部分“It is also the closest place from which the public can view rocket lift-offs at Cape Canaveral.(这里也是公众可以看到卡纳维拉尔角火箭发射的最近地点)”可知，游客可以在肯尼迪航天中心观看火箭发射。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文中Jodrell Bank, Cheshire(UK)部分“Its 35-acre grounds include lots of interactive fun and educational exhibits across several indoor spaces, plus guided pathways to wander and outdoor facilities such as a pair of ‘whispering dishes’ for kids to call between. ”(其占地35英亩的场地包括许多分布在几个室内的互动娱乐和教育展览，还有引导漫步的小径和一些户外设施，例如供孩子们交流的“耳语盘”)”可知，该场地提供有引导的漫步，故游客不能漫步在没有导游的小路上。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文中Pic du Midi, French Pyrenees(France)部分“Once there, guided astronomy sessions help kids discover Saturn and its rings, clusters of stars in deep space and solar flares on the sun’s surface via some of the world’s most powerful telescopes.(一旦到了那里，有指导的天文学课程将帮助孩子们通过世界上一些最强大的望远镜发现土星及其环、深空星团和太阳表面的太阳耀斑)” 及Mount Teide, Tenerife(Spain)部分“Ride the cable-car up for a scientist-led tour, which includes the chance to observe the sun through portable solar telescopes. (乘坐缆车参加科学家带领的旅行，其中包括通过便携式太阳望远镜观测太阳的机会)” 可知，两个地点都对观察太阳提供指导。故选D项。
Passage 2 查看月球阴影部分的技术
(2024湖北高二下学期阶段练习)Certain areas near the moon’s poles stay everlastingly in shadow, never receiving direct sunlight. Recent studies suggest these so-called permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) contain rich ice resource that could show details about the early solar system; they could also help future visitors make fuel and other resources. But these areas are hard to photograph from satellites moving around the moon and thus are a challenge to study. The few photos PSRs reflect are often flooded by camera noise and quantum effects(量子效应).
Now researchers have produced a deep-learning algorithm(算法) to cut through the interruption and to see these dark zones. “Our images enable scientists to identify the features of craters and boulders(陨石坑和巨石),” says Valentin Bickel, a planetary scientist at the Max Planck Institute of Solar System Research in Germany and lead author of a Nature Communications study testing the new algorithm.
The researchers used more than 70,000 images of completely dark lunar areas — with no light signal — together with details about the camera’s temperature and position in orbit to train their algorithm to recognize and remove camera noise. Next they dealt with the rest noise through information learned from millions of sunlit lunar photos, together with copied versions of the same images in shadow. Ignacio Lopez-Francos, a study co-author and engineer at the NASA Ames Research Center, says using such man-made shadow was necessary because sunlit PSR images do not exist. A similar technique is also used in low-light digital camera photography.
The researchers used their algorithm to analyze the size and number of craters and boulders in several PSRs that might be explored by NASA’s Artemis moon program. They also found the likely origins of some boulders and established a potential route for an astronaut through a PSR on the moon, avoiding obstacles and slopes steeper than 10 degrees.
“It’s an interesting application of machine-learning technology, and the noise model seems realistic and useful for this real case,” says computer scientist Chongyi Li, who uses similar strategies to enhance underwater images at Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University and was not involved in the study.
1. Why is exploring the PSRs a challenge
A. Because satellites are remote. B. Because the solar system is complex.
C. Because the photos are often covered. D. Because the moon has abundant resources.
2. How did the researchers train their algorithm
A. They trained it through photos and images.
B. They trained it by cutting through the interruption.
C. They trained it through numerous images of sunlit lunar areas.
D. They trained it by using low-light digital camera photography.
3. What is Chongyi Li’s attitude to this algorithm
A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Indifferent. D. Favorable.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article
A. To appeal to us to explore lunar areas. B. To promote our understanding of moon.
C. To introduce an application of technology. D. To describe the reasons of lunar shadow lands.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种用于查看月球阴影部分的技术，解释了其工作原理以及人们对此的看法。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But these areas are hard to photograph from satellites moving around the moon and thus are a challenge to study. The few photos PSRs reflect are often flooded by camera noise and quantum effects (量子效应). (但这些区域很难从绕月移动的卫星上拍摄下来，因此对研究来说是一个挑战。PSRs反映的少数照片经常被相机噪声和量子效应淹没)”可知，探索PSRs是一个挑战是因为照片经常被遮盖。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers used more than 70,000 images of completely dark lunar areas — with no light signal — together with details about the camera’s temperature and position in orbit to train their algorithm to recognize and remove camera noise. Next they dealt with the rest noise through information learned from millions of sunlit lunar photos, together with copied versions of the same images in shadow. (研究人员使用了7万多张完全黑暗的月球区域的照片——没有光信号——以及相机的温度和轨道位置的细节，来训练他们的算法来识别和消除相机的噪音。接下来，他们通过从数百万张阳光下的月球照片中获取的信息，以及在阴影下复制的相同图像，来处理剩下的噪点)”可知，研究人员通过照片和图像来训练他们的算法。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Chongyi Li所说的话“It’s an interesting application of machine-learning technology, and the noise model seems realistic and useful for this real case (这是机器学习技术的一个有趣的应用，噪音模型似乎很现实，对这个真实案例很有用)”可知，李认为这个算法的应用是有用的。由此可知，他对这个算法是支持的。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now researchers have produced a deep-learning algorithm (算法) to cut through the interruption and to see these dark zones. (现在，研究人员已经开发出一种深度学习算法，可以切断干扰，看到这些暗区)”，并结合文章主要介绍了一种用于查看月球阴影部分的技术，解释了其工作原理以及人们对此的看法可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种技术的应用。故选C。
Passage 3中国空间站为学生举办的首次公开课
(2024·湖南长沙·高二下学期开学考)On Dec 9, 2021, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu held their first open class aboard the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station for pupils.
In the 50-minute online class, the three astronauts explained daily life in space, how to walk in a microgravity environment and showed the children how to recycle water, oxygen and carbon dioxide in their environment. Applause broke out among the 1,420-strong audience at the CSTM when one of the three astronauts poured out water, which formed into a perfect ball. Applause broke out again when they put an effervescent tablet(泡腾片) into the water, which sparked into bubbles(气泡). But the bubbles did not burst and instead stayed complete.
The open science lesson was broadcast live to the nation. On domestic video-sharing website Bilibili alone, the open course was watched at least 6 million times, with more views on other platforms and TV channels.
For Shi Hao, a space specialist at China Acrospace Science and Technology Corporation, the growing desire of school pupils to pursue knowledge about space reflects the growing potential of China in exploring the universe in the future.
“I still remember how impressed I was by the launch of Shenzhou VI in September 2005. From then on, I have carved out the dream of pursuing my career in astronautics from the bottom of my heart.” Shi said. “For many people like me, this is not only a job, but a lifelong addiction and commitment. It is of vital importance to let Chinese youths touch astronautics during their childhood so as to sustain the building of talents.”
He was echoed (回应) by Zhou, who places high hopes on the future of China’s space industry. “We have a population of 1.4 billion, of which more than 200 million are pupils at school. By inspiring their enthusiasm, China will get an abundant supply of talents for the national space research team.” “Chinese people will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children,” he added.
1. What happened to the bubbles in the experiment
A. They kept in an original state.
B. They broke all of a sudden.
C. They disappeared completely.
D. They floated in the space craft.
2. What can we learn about Shi Hao
A. He was born with a talent in astronautics.
B. He is devoted to his career in astronautics.
C. He is an inspiration to many school pupils.
D. He was involved in the launch of Shenzhou VI.
3. Which statement will Zhou probably agree with
A. It is tough to inspire pupils’ enthusiasm at school.
B. It is essential to expose children to space exploration.
C. It is unlikely to get abundant space research talents.
D. It is challenging to launch space courses among pupils.
4. Why did the author write this passage
A. To introduce a unique lesson about an experiment in space.
B. To compliment the great achievements of space made in China.
C. To strengthen the importance of space knowledge among pupils.
D. To encourage astronautics staffs to devote themselves to their career.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国空间站上，太空人们为学生举办的首次公开课，展示了太空生活、微重力环境下行走、水、氧气和二氧化碳循环利用等内容。活动受到国内广泛关注，通过多种平台传播。专家表示，培养青少年对太空知识的兴趣对中国未来探索宇宙具有重要意义。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the bubbles did not burst and instead stayed complete.(但气泡并没有破裂，反而保持完整)”可知，实验中的气泡并没有破裂，保持了最初的完整状态。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第五段中Shi Hao的话“For many people like me, this is not only a job, but a lifelong addiction and commitment.(对于许多像我这样的人来说，这不仅仅是一份工作，而是一种终身上瘾和承诺)”可知，Shi Hao终身致力于航天事业。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第六段中Zhou的话“Chinese people will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children (中国人民将在宇宙中走得更远，希望在于我们的孩子)”可知，Zhou认为中国太空探索的希望在于我们的孩子，由此推知，他会赞同“必须要让孩子们接触太空探索”这一说法。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“On Dec 9, 2021, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu held their first open class aboard the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station for pupils.(2021年12月9日，宇航员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光福在中国空间站天河核心舱为学生举行了首次公开课)”、第四段中“It is of vital importance to let Chinese youths touch astronautics during their childhood so as to sustain the building of talents.(让中国青少年从小接触航天，对人才队伍的建设至关重要)”和第五段中“Chinese people will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children (中国人民将在宇宙中走得更远，希望在于我们的孩子)”可推知，作者通过介绍了空间站上的首次公开课和相关专业人员和科学家的话语来表达了进一步表明加强学生航空航天知识学习的重要性。故选C项。
Passage 4 获国际宇航科学院颁发的最高团队奖
(2024广西高二下学期开学考试)A group of planners, scientists and engineers in charge of China’s Chang’e 5 robotic lunar mission have received the highest team award from the International Academy of Astronautics. At the academy’s annual conference on Sunday in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, the Chinese team was awarded the 2023 Laurels for Team Achievement Award.
Hu Hao, chief designer of the Chang’e 5 mission and a senior planner at the China National Space Administration, said at the ceremony that he hopes more scientists and engineers from the international space community could take part in China’s lunar exploration projects. He also added that the samples retrieved (回收) by the Chang’e 5 probe will soon be open to foreign researchers.
One of the world’s most notable space activities in 2020, the Chang’e 5 robotic mission was launched in November 2020. It was China’s first lunar sample-returning mission and one of its most sophisticated and challenging space attempts. The landmark mission returned 1,731 grams of rocks and soil back to Earth on Dee 17, 2020, presenting the first lunar substances to humans since the Apollo era.
On the certificate awarded to the Chinese team, the academy wrote that during the 23-day mission, the Chang’e-5 team successfully completed the complicated mission which included a rocket launch, lunar-Earth transfer, lunar sampling, lunar surface takeoff, rendezvous and docking, sample transfer, skip re-entry and many other processes, and obtained two types of lunar samples. It noted the Chinese team has made outstanding contributions to mankind’s lunar and deep-space exploration.
1. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An advertisement of a robotic lunar company.
B. A research on Chinese lunar exploration.
C. A news report about an international awarding ceremony.
D. A review of the International Academy of Astronautics.
2. What can we infer from Hu Hao’s words
A. China encourages cooperation and sharing in exploring the moon.
B. China has made a difference to international space community.
C. China National Space Administration will soon be open to the world.
D. Chang’e 5 probe will soon continue its mission.
3. What can we know from the Chang’e 5 robotic mission
A. It marks the world’s first lunar sample-returning mission.
B. It contains various missions except for sample transfer.
C. It was launched on December 2020,
D. It’s a complex space exploration.
4. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Hu Hao: A Pioneer in Chinese Lunar exploration
B. Amazing Lunar Adventures: A Fairy Tale Has Come True
C. Challenging Ways to Returning the First Lunar Sample
D. The Impact of International Academy of Astronautics
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国嫦娥五号机器人探月任务的规划者、科学家和工程师获得了国际宇航科学院颁发的最高团队奖。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A group of planners, scientists and engineers in charge of China’s Chang’e 5 robotic lunar mission have received the highest team award from the International Academy of Astronautics. At the academy’s annual conference on Sunday in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, the Chinese team was awarded the 2023 Laurels for Team Achievement Award.(一批负责中国嫦娥五号机器人探月任务的规划者、科学家和工程师获得了国际宇航科学院颁发的最高团队奖。周日在阿塞拜疆首都巴库举行的学院年会上，中国队被授予2023年团队成就奖。)”可知，本文主要写中国嫦娥五号探月工程团队在阿塞拜疆巴库举办的第74届国际宇航大会期间，荣获了最高团队奖。故本篇文章属于新闻报道，记录了本次获奖事件，故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Hu Hao, chief designer of the Chang’e 5 mission and a senior planner at the China National Space Administration, said at the ceremony that he hopes more scientists and engineers from the international space community could take part in China’s lunar exploration projects. He also added that the samples retrieved (回收) by the Chang’e 5 probe will soon be open to foreign researchers.(嫦娥五号任务总设计师、中国国家航天局高级规划师胡浩在仪式上表示，他希望国际航天界能有更多的科学家和工程师参与中国的探月工程。他还补充说，嫦娥五号探测器取回的样本将很快向外国研究人员开放。)”可知，胡浩期待更多科学家和工程师参与中国的探月工程，并且采集的样本也即将向外国科学家开放，故可推知，他希望国家在探月工程方面鼓励国家间合作共赢，分享科研成果，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One of the world’s most notable space activities in 2020, the Chang’e 5 robotic mission was launched in November 2020. It was China’s first lunar sample-returning mission and one of its most sophisticated and challenging space attempts.(作为2020年世界上最引人注目的太空活动之一，嫦娥五号机器人任务与2020年11月发射。这是中国首次月球样本返回任务，也是中国最复杂、最具挑战性的太空尝试之一。)”可知，嫦娥五号任务具有复杂性和挑战性，故它是一次复杂的太空探索，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A group of planners, scientists and engineers in charge of China’s Chang’e 5 robotic lunar mission have received the highest team award from the International Academy of Astronautics. At the academy’s annual conference on Sunday in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, the Chinese team was awarded the 2023 Laurels for Team Achievement Award.(一批负责中国嫦娥五号机器人的规划者、科学家和工程师获得了国际宇航科学院颁发的最高团队奖。周日在阿塞拜疆首都巴库举行的学院年会上，中国队被授予2023年团队成就奖。)”以及后文的内容可知，文章主要介绍了嫦娥五号探月工程所取得的辉煌成绩，从着陆月球到月表采样再到成功携带样本返回地球，任务的实施是不容易的，而最终的成功也是践行了“嫦娥奔月”这个古老神话，故B项“神奇的月球冒险：古老神话已成真”符合本文标题，故选B。
Passage 5 太空垃圾的危害
(2024黑龙江双鸭山·高二下学期开学考试)On Nov. 16, seven astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) woke up to an alarm . A Russian missile(导弹) test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1, 500 pieces of space debris(残骸). Some got very close to the ISS.
NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28, 000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet(子弹) (about 3, 500 km/h). Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk, says Live Science.
Since the 1950s, humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there, and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006, for example, National Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS, taking a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year, a piece of debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms, which are just like the arms of a robot, and left a hole.
Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way is to use a huge net. In 2018, the UK’s Survey Space Center caught some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris, and then collected it with a net and a harpoon(鱼叉).
Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1, the European Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish, is going to be sent into space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere, where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction (摩擦).
1. The bomb of the Russian missile mainly causes ________ according to the article.
A. plants B. soil C. space debris D. food
2. According to NASA, space debris moves ________as fast as a bullet.
A. eight times B. nine times C. seven times D. six times
3. What happens to a space station if it gets “wiped out”
A. It gets cleaned. B. It gets rebuilt. C. It gets old. D. It gets broken.
4. What can we infer from Paragraph 3-4
A. There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris.
B. The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris.
C. Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish for years.
D. More and more tasks are failing because we don’t want to cause space rubbish.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了太空垃圾的危害以及科学家为解决这一问题尝试的解决办法。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A Russian missile (导弹) test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1, 500 pieces of space debris (残骸).(俄罗斯的一个导弹试验将一颗卫星炸成了1500多块太空碎片)”可知，俄罗斯导弹的炸弹主要造成了太空碎片。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28, 000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet (子弹) (about 3, 500 km/h).(美国宇航局表示，像这样的太空碎片可以以每小时28000公里的速度飞行。这比子弹要快得多(大约每小时3500公里))”可知，太空碎片飞行速度是每小时28000公里，子弹的速度是每小时3500公里，太空碎片的速度是子弹的8倍，故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Even a pea-sized piece of debris could ‘wipe out’ a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk, says Live Science.(生活科学》杂志称，即使是豌豆大小的碎片也可能‘wipe out’空间站，或者杀死正在进行太空行走的宇航员)”可知，此处是描述太空碎片的破坏力巨大，即使是豌豆大小的碎片也可能摧毁空间站，或者杀死正在进行太空行走的宇航员，wiped out表示“摧毁”，故如果一个空间站被摧毁，它会被破坏，故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Since the 1950s, humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there, and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish.(自20世纪50年代以来，人类已经向太空发射了数千枚火箭和卫星。许多仍然在那里，我们现在面临着日益严重的太空垃圾问题)”可知，人类已经发送了很多火箭和卫星，很多仍然在太空，我们现在面临着日益严重的太空垃圾问题，由此推知多年来，成千上万的旧火箭和卫星正在变成太空垃圾，故选C。
Passage 6火星土壤上种植稻米
(2024安徽高二上学期·期末)Recent research has found that Martian(火星的) soil contains all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice, planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, reported at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, providing new possibilities for agriculture on the Red Planet.
The study, conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, tested simulated(模拟的) Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice. The researchers found that the soil contained all the essential nutrients needed for the crop to grow.
However, it would be a bit challenging for the plants to survive in the soil that has perchlorate, a chemical that has been detected on Mars’ surface and can be poisonous to plants.
The team grew rice plants in a Martian soil simulant primarily made of Mojave Desert basalt(玄武岩). However, the new-grown plants developed slighter shoots and thinner roots than the plants that grew from the potting mix. Even replacing just 25 percent of the simulant with a potting mix made a big difference, the team found.
The team of researchers then conducted an experiment to grow rice in soil containing perchlorate. They used a wild rice variety and two genetically edited varieties, which were designed to stand up to environmental stressors such as drought, and tested them in Mars-simulated soil with and without perchlorate.
The study revealed that a concentration of three grams of perchlorate per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants. However, when the concentration was reduced to one gram per kilogram, one of the genetically edited lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root, while the wild variety was only able to grow a root.
“We want to send humans to Mars but we cannot take everything there. It’s going to be expensive,” said Ramachandran. The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars, as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet, reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions.
1. How did the researchers conduct their study
A. By asking questions. B. By carrying out experiments.
C. By making a case study. D. By referring to former studies.
2. The gene-edited variety grows better in one kilogram of soil containing ______.
A. one gram of perchlorate B. two grams of perchlorate
C. three grams of perchlorate D. four grams of perchlorate
3. Why did the researchers want to grow rice on Mars
A. To find a wonderful way to make money.
B. To support the growing population on Earth.
C. To help astronauts feed themselves on Mars.
D. To enable people to eat new varieties of rice.
4. What’s the best title for the text
A. What Should We Grow on Mars
B. How Did Martian Soil Change Over Time
C. People Are Likely to Live on Mars Years Later
D. Martian Soil May Have All the Essential Nutrients Rice Needs
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在火星土壤上种植稻米的可能性以及实验的经过。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The study, conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, tested simulated (模拟的) Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice. (这项研究由费耶特维尔阿肯色大学的一个研究小组进行，他们测试了模拟的火星土壤，以确定其是否适合种植水稻)”可知，研究人员是通过做实验进行研究的。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第六段“The study revealed that a concentration of three grams of perchlorate per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants. However, when the concentration was reduced to one gram per kilogram, one of the genetically edited lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root, while the wild variety was only able to grow a root.(研究表明，每公斤土壤中含有3克高氯酸盐的浓度导致水稻无法生长。然而，当浓度降低到每公斤1克时，其中一个基因编辑的品系成功地长出了芽和根，而野生品种只能长出根)”可知，在含有1克高氯酸盐的1公斤土壤中生长的基因编辑过的品种长的更好。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars, as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet, reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions.(这一发现可能会改变未来的火星任务，因为它可以使宇航员在火星上种植自己的食物，减少昂贵而复杂的补给任务的需要)”可推知，研究者想要在火星上种植水稻是为了帮助宇航员在火星上养活自己。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Recent research has found that Martian (火星的) soil contains all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice, planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, reported at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, providing new possibilities for agriculture on the Red Planet.(费耶特维尔阿肯色大学的行星科学家Abhilash Ramachandran在月球和行星科学会议上报告说，最近的研究发现，火星土壤含有种植水稻所需的所有必需营养素，这为这颗红色星球上的农业提供了新的可能性)”可知，本文主要讲的是火星土壤可能含有水稻种植所需的所有必要养分。由此可知，“火星土壤可能含有水稻所需的所有必需营养素”适合作本文的标题。故选D。
Passage 7 太空上一场零重力音乐表演
BEIJING- Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard China’s space station core module(舱), offered people on Earth a zero-gravity musical performance on Tuesday evening to celebrate the Lantern Festival. The space show was shared via a video released at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration. In the video, Wang was seen floating in the space module while playing a guzheng, or Chinese zither. She played a segment of the popular Chinese folk song. “Jasmine Flower”.
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar. People usually hang colorful lanterns, play riddle games and express their wishes and hopes for the future.
The crew members, who traveled to the space station core module on the Shenzhou-13 mission, kept some festive traditions alive as they continued to rotate around the mander Zhai Zhigang wrote riddles on red paper scrolls with a brush pen. He displayed the calligraphy together with taikonaut Ye Guangfu and extended festival greetings to the audience. They also sent blessing to athletes at the ongoing Beijing Winter Olympics: “We hope that you all achieve success, gain friendship and harvest your best Olympic experience.”
The video of the space performance was received with much enthusiasm after it was shared on social media platforms. It drew nearly 2 million clicks in one hour after several national media outlets posted it on the Chinese micro-blogging site Sina Weibo. The Weibo account of Zhurong, China’s first rover on Mars, reposted the video, commenting, “The music was so beautiful, and it made me homesick, too.”
The Lantern Festival also marks the last day of the lunar New Year celebration. Though far from home, the festive sentiments in space are the same. The China Manned Space Agency released a video on social media platforms on Tuesday, showing that the taikonauts had decorated the orbiting core module with red lanterns, Chinese knots and paper- cutting decorations. Wearing new clothes, the trio (三人小组) enjoyed the traditions of eating dumplings and posting spring couplets on walls During the Chinese New Year holiday, they were also spotted watching the Winter Olympics and doing workouts in orbit.
1. How did the mass enjoy the musical performance according to the text
A. By watching a video posted online by Wang Yaping herself.
B. By watching a video coming from a TV gala.
C. By watching the Lantern Festival gala at the scene.
D. By logging on the Internet through computers.
2. What does the underlined word “rotate” mean according to the context
A. Access. B. Substitute. C. Circle. D. Launch.
3. What can we learn from the text
A. The video of the space performance became a great hit.
B. Zhai Zhigang showed the calligraphy on his own.
C. The Beijing Winter Olympics had come to an end when the astronauts sent their regards.
D. Wang Yaping shared puzzles on red paper scrolls.
4. Which is the best title of the passage
A. Chinese folk song “Jasmine Flower” is played on space station
B. Taikonauts send blessings to the, Beijing Winter Olympics athletes
C. Taikonauts keep Lantern Festival traditions alive on space station
D. China makes major breakthroughs in the outer space exploration
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了北京消息，周二晚上，中国空间站核心舱航天员王亚平为地球上的人们献上了一场零重力音乐表演，以庆祝元宵节。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The space show was shared via a video released at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration.(这一太空表演通过一段视频在一年一度的央视春晚上分享。)”可知，大众通过观看电视晚会的录像来欣赏音乐表演。故选B。
2. 词义猜测题。根据上文“The crew members, who traveled to the space station core module on the Shenzhou-13 mission...(在神舟13号任务中前往空间站核心舱的机组人员……)”可知，他们继续围绕着地球旋转，使一些节日的传统得以保留。rotate意为“环绕”。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The video of the space performance was received with much enthusiasm after it was shared on social media platforms. It drew nearly 2 million clicks in one hour after several national media outlets posted it on the Chinese micro-blogging site Sina Weibo.(这段空间表演视频在社交媒体平台上被分享后，受到了人们的热烈欢迎。几家中国媒体将其发布在新浪微博上，一小时内点击量近200万次。)”可知，太空表演的视频大受欢迎。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“BEIJING- Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard China’s space station core module (舱), offered people on Earth a zero-gravity musical performance on Tuesday evening to celebrate the Lantern Festival.(北京消息，周二晚上，中国空间站核心舱航天员王亚平为地球上的人们献上了一场零重力音乐表演，以庆祝元宵节。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在空间站上，宇航员们保持着元宵节的传统。故选C。
Passage 8闭环系统BioPods
(2024江苏盐城高二上学期期末)Human innovation(创新) has allowed people to explore space for decades. Within a space station, astronauts have enough air, food and water to complete missions of a year or longer without a resupply. But missions to further reaches of space are a different matter. Establishing a base on the moon or sending humans to Mars seems just on the horizon. That can only happen if innovative and foolproof ways are developed to supply humans with enough air, water and food.
One company, Interstellar Labs, has developed an advanced, closed loop system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space. They call their AI managed greenhouses BioPods and they are designed to be very efficient. In fact, Interstellar Labs claims that BioPods reduce the amount of land and water needed to produce food by 99 percent. That is not an impossible claim. BioPods don’t use any soil to grow plants, and the vast majority of water is recycled and recirculated.
Plants are grown inside BioPods using aeroponics, the practice of hanging plants in the air and spraying a mist of nutrient-rich water on their roots. By using aeroponics, the BioPod system carefully conserves water with amazing results. According to Interstellar labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants, using only a small amount of water.
The conditions inside of a BioPod are controlled by AI, which can change anything from the lighting to the temperature and humidity to maximize growth. This optimizes(使最优化) growing conditions no matter what the environment is outside, including the emptiness of space.
The BioPods themselves can be built in almost any environment, too. The pod’s structure is made with a 3D printer using raw materials in liquid form. The inside part is sealed with an inflatable membrane(充气膜) that is also 3D-printed. This means that a BioPod could be built right on the surface of the moon or Mars, making transporting a large structure unnecessary.
Like most technology developed for space exploration, BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the harshest environments.
1. In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to____________.
A. propose a definition B. introduce a topic
C. make a comparison D. reach a conclusion
2. Which of the following best describes Biopods
A. They are deigned to be used in harsh environments on Earth.
B. They are easy to operate without need for soil or water.
C. They are highly productive and efficient greenhouses.
D. They are widely used for space exploration.
3. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Space Exploration with BioPods B. Growing Food in Space Pods
C. Food Consumption in Space Station D. 3D Printers Used in Space Lab
4. What is the writer’s attitude to the BioPod
A. Cautious. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Ambiguous.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家公司开发了一种先进的闭环系统BioPods，可以在太空舱里种植植物，为宇航员提供食物。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Establishing a base on the moon or sending humans to Mars seems just on the horizon. That can only happen if innovative and foolproof ways are developed to supply humans with enough air, water and food. (在月球上建立基地或将人类送上火星似乎就在眼前。只有开发出创新的、万无一失的方法来为人类提供足够的空气、水和食物，这才有可能实现。)”和第二段“One company, Interstellar Labs, has developed an advanced, closed loop system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space. (一家名为星际实验室(Interstellar Labs)的公司开发了一种先进的闭环系统，可以在任何地方种植植物，甚至在太空中。)”以及下文对这个系统的介绍，可知第一段是为了引出本文的话题，故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“They call their AI managed greenhouses BioPods and they are designed to be very efficient. (他们把人工智能管理的温室称为BioPods，它们被设计得非常高效。)”和第三段“According to Interstellar labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants, using only a small amount of water. (根据星际实验室的说法，biopod种植的植物的产量比传统种植的植物高300倍，只需要少量的水。)”可知Biopods是高效和高产的温室，故选C。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“One company, Interstellar Labs, has developed an advanced, closed loop system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space. (一家公司，星际实验室开发了一种先进的闭环系统，可以在任何地方种植植物，甚至在太空中。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一家公司开发了一种先进的闭环系统，可以在太空舱里种植植物，为宇航员提供食物。所以B选项“Growing Food in Space Pods(在太空舱里种植食物) ”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段“They call their AI managed greenhouses BioPods and they are designed to be very efficient. (他们把人工智能管理的温室称为BioPods，它们被设计得非常高效。)”和第三段“According to Interstellar labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants, using only a small amount of water. (根据星际实验室的说法，biopod种植的植物的产量比传统种植的植物高300倍，只需要少量的水。)”以及最后一段“Like most technology developed for space exploration, BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the harshest environments. (与大多数为太空探索而开发的技术一样，BioPods也可以在地球上使用，即使在最恶劣的环境中也能提供高效的粮食生产系统。)”可知BioPods有很多优点，所以作者的态度应该是积极的，故选C。
Passage 9 坚持做宇航员的梦想
(2024江苏无锡高二上学期期末)In 1969, I was five years old in Lynchburg, Virginia, a skinny black kid of somewhat poor village. At that time, what my villagers were watching was “one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind — Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were walking on the Moon.” I always joined them with great interest.
My father was a farmer who worked from dawn until dark, struggling to feed my family. But he always took pains to do all the things to make money for his children to experience different adventures and encourage us to run after our own dreams. After Neil Armstrong’s moon landing, all the kids in the neighborhood thought I would be an astronaut one day. But I didn’t see an astronaut like me, because family background did matter.
I went on with this dream through a high school, and even a college. After graduation, I went to work for NASA. A friend of mine handed me an application and believed that I would be a great astronaut. Although I was lucky enough to be chosen, I didn’t know what it meant to be a real astronaut. In 2007, I was in Space Shuttle “Atlantis,” careening off the planet, traveling at 17,500 miles per hour, and eight and a half minutes later, the main engines cut off, and we were floating in space.
My job on this mission was to install(安装) a laboratory for materials and human research, which the European team have been waiting for 10 year. I grabbed out the big module, using the robotic arm and attaching it to the space station. So, this moment happened. It was done and I had a big sigh of relief.
In the space station, I could communicate with different people from all around the world. We had these people living and working together. Whether Russian or French, all these different people coexisted in harmony as one family. And so, when I looked up to space, I thought we all had to hold onto something until we finally came to the fantastic space.
1. Why did the author think it impossible to be an astronaut at first
A. He was a farmer. B. His family was poor.
C. He was too young. D. His father was too tired.
2. What does the underlined phrase “careening off’ probably mean in paragraph 3
A. Thinking back to. B. Looking out of.
C. Taking pictures of. D. Flying away from.
3. What can the author’s job be described as according to paragraph 4
A. Demanding and challenging. B. Rewarding and boring.
C. Satisfying and motivating. D. Promising and amazing.
4. What message does the author want to express
A. Everyone is likely to become an astronaut.
B. Parents are the best examples of their children.
C. Different people can coexist in harmony as one family.
D. Everyone should hold onto his dream, whether rich or poor.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者坚持自己的梦想，当上了宇航员
1. 推理判断题，根据文章第二段的“My father was a farmer who worked from dawn until dark, struggling to feed my family. But he always took pains to do all the things to make money for his children to experience different adventures and encourage us to run after our own dreams. After Neil Armstrong’s moon landing, all the kids in the neighborhood thought I would be an astronaut one day. But I didn’t see an astronaut like me, because family background did matter. (我的父亲是一个农民，他从早到晚地工作，努力养活我的家人。但他总是不厌其烦地做所有的事情来赚钱，让他的孩子体验不同的冒险，并鼓励我们追逐自己的梦想。在尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登月后，社区里所有的孩子都认为我有一天会成为宇航员。但是我没有看到像我这样的宇航员，因为家庭背景确实很重要。)”可推断，作者的家庭很贫穷，父亲需要辛苦工作才能养家，作者认为成为宇航员家庭背景很重要，因此推断最初作者认为自己成为宇航员是不可能的，因为他的家庭很穷。故选B。
2. 猜测词义题，根据文章第三段划线词所在句“In 2007, I was in Space Shuttle “Atlantis,” careening off the planet, traveling at 17,500 miles per hour, and eight and a half minutes later, the main engines cut off, and we were floating in space. (2007年，我乘坐“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机，以每小时17500英里的速度careening off地球，八分半钟后，主发动机关闭，我们漂浮在太空中。)”可推断，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机飞离地球后八分半钟，主发动机关闭，作者一行漂浮在太空中，因此careening off的意思是“飞离”。故选D。
3. 推理判断题，根据文章第四段“My job on this mission was to install(安装) a laboratory for materials and human research, which the European team have been waiting for 10 year. I grabbed out the big module, using the robotic arm and attaching it to the space station. So, this moment happened. It was done and I had a big sigh of relief.(我在这次任务中的工作是安装一个用于材料和人类研究的实验室，欧洲团队已经等待了10年，我用机械臂取出大模块，并将其连接到空间站。于是，这一刻发生了，完成后，我大大松了一口气。)”可推断，作者的工作要求高，具有挑战性。故选A。
4. 推理判断题，根据文章最后一段“And so, when I looked up to space, I thought we all had to hold onto something until we finally came to the fantastic space. (因此，当我仰望大空时，我认为我们都必须抓住一些东西，直到我们最终来到这个奇妙的空间。)”以及全文内容可知，作者通过讲述自己追梦的经历，想表达的是每个人都应该坚持自己的梦想，无论是富人还是穷人。故选D。
Passage 10 太空探索的好处
(2024河南高二上学期期末)The age of space exploration started on April 12, 1961, when the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans The answer is simple. 1 In this article, we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
Promote the progress of medicine
2 For example, analyzing the effects of zero-gravity(零重力) on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent some heart illnesses. The experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
Develop new technologies
The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the shortest period of time. 3 For example, the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts. We use them in our day-to-day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon.
Start space tourism
The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer space. However, it is still too expensive to go to space. As reusable rockets improve, the costs of these trips will become significantly lower. 4
Inspire the next generation
Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children. 5 Not only is this good for them as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) jobs can secure them a comfortable future, but it also helps humans.
A. Technologies have advanced considerably.
B. It gets students interested in science and technology.
C. Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D. These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E. The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F. Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G. Throughout the years, companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.
【答案】1. E 2. F 3. G 4. C 5. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是太空探索的四大好处。
1. 根据空格前一句“But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans (但我们为什么要去那些对人类来说危险甚至致命的环境呢？)”可知，此处是在提出问题，而空格后一句“In this article, we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.(在这篇文章中，我们将阅读太空探索的四大好处)”是在回答这个问题，由此可知，空格处应该是在解释为什么我们要去对人类来说危险甚至致命的环境，选项E“The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.(太空探索的好处超过了它的危险)”解释了为什么我们要去探索太空，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
2. 根据本文小标题“Promote the progress of medicine(推动医学进步)”可知，本段是在讲太空探索对医学的影响，选项F“Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.(研究太空旅行的影响可以带来一些医疗益处)”说明了太空探索能带来一些医疗好处，和本段的语境符合，故选F。
3. 根据空格后一句“For example, the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts. We use them in our day-to-day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon.(例如，跑鞋最初是为宇航员开发的。我们在日常生活中使用它们，甚至不知道一些美国宇航局的工程师最初是为了将人类送上月球的阿波罗计划而开发它们的)”可知，此处说明的是原本为宇航员开发的技术也应用到了普通人的生活中，G选项“Throughout the years, companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.(多年来，公司已经为许多这些发展找到了消费者的用途)”说明了一些公司为探索太空所带来的技术找到了普通的消费者，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
4. 根据空格前一句“As reusable rockets improve, the costs of these trips will become significantly lower.(随着可重复使用火箭的改进，这些旅行的成本将大大降低)”可知，太空旅行的成本大大降低了，空格处应该说明这会带来什么好处，选项C“Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.(希望有一天我们所有人都能接触到它们)”说明很有可能将来我们所有人都可以进行太空旅行，是太空旅行成本降低带来的好处，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
5. 根据空格前一句“Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children.(太空探索激发了孩子们的好奇心)”可知，此处是在讲太空探索对孩子们的影响，B选项“It gets students interested in science and technology.(它让学生对科学技术感兴趣)”说明了太空探索所激发的好奇心使学生对科学技术感兴趣，也是太空探索对孩子的影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
Passage 11 太空吃饭和地球吃饭的区别
How is dining in space different from eating on Earth
Spacesuits Check! Oxygen Check! Water Check! Are we forgetting something Food! If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it 1
First, and possibly most important, is nutrition(营养). 2 Providing junk foods to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
3 If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well, you’ll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill into the cabin. Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 4 A loose knife bouncing(弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
Finally, weight is an important concern. The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again. 5 Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated(脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to rehydrate the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on the earth.
A. Variety and taste are also important.
B. Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
C. For the same reason sharp tools are never used onboard.
D. Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
E. Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
F. Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
G. Maintaining the astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.
【答案】1. F 2. G 3. A 4. C 5. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在太空吃饭和在地球吃饭有何不同？短文介绍了科学家在计划太空用餐时考虑了几个因素。
1. 根据上文“ But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it ”(但是宇航员吃什么，怎么吃？)选项承接上文，再根据下文的几个因素可知，选项总起下文。故F选项“科学家在计划太空用餐时考虑了几个因素”切题，factors呼应下文的几个具体因素。故选F项。
2. 根据上文“First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养).”(首先，可能也是最重要的一点是营养)可知，选项承接上文说明营养对宇航员的重要作用。故G选项“维持宇航员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务”。故选G项。
3. 根据下文“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it.”(如果提供的食物不可口，宇航员可能会不吃它。)可知，本段在说明食物种类和口味是很重要的。故A选项“食物种类和口味是很重要的”为本段的标题，切题。故选A项。
4. 根据上文“Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it.”(液体或食物残渣可能会进入机器或电子设备并损坏它。)选项承接上文说明处于同样的原因，船上从不使用锋利的器具，且呼应下文“一把松动的小刀在船舱里乱跳是很危险的”。sharp utensils are never used onboard呼应be dangerous。故选C项。
5. 根据空格前的句子“The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again.(为了确保有足够的燃料和动力将航天器安全送入太空并返回地球，必须计算航天器中每个物体的重量。)”和下文“Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (脱水). ”(大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且通常都是脱水的。)说明食物的包装做得尽可能轻。light呼应plastic bags，dehydrated (脱水)。故选B项。
Passage 12 Seott Kelly
Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren’t talented or clever enough, but Seott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station, would prove it’s 1 .
As a kid, he was abstracted and uninterested in science and all other 2 as well. He couldn’t 3 what the teachers were saying, spending most of his time in school daydreaming. Therefore, he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never 4 his dreams.
That all 5 when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe’s classic account of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. 6 at last, he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes. So that day, he 7 his mind to do well in it.
After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn’t be 8 . But he started thinking about it like a game. The more he 9 his study skills, the more he gained and the better he got. 10 , it became a(n) 11 with himself to see how good he could get. No one was more surprised than him when a 12 daydreamer started getting straight A’s in science, which is essential to be an astronaut.
So we need to stop 13 the statement that science is just too hard. If you’ re students who have been told “you are not a science people” or “your brain doesn’t think that way”, just 14 the comments! Everyone who wants to can learn this stuff — they just have to be 15 to do the work.
1. A. unusual B. abnormal C. wrong D. illegal
2. A. schedules B. goals C. subjects D. students
3. A. work on B. set about C. think about D. focus on
4. A. reach B. acknowledge C. fulfill D. observe
5. A. finished B. realized C. happened D. changed
6. A. Inspired B. Disappointed C. Satisfied D. Shocked
7. A. gave up B. made up C. formed into D. got into
8. A. possible B. difficult C. easy D. wonderful
9. A. planned B. practiced C. arranged D. exchanged
10. A. Particularly B. Surprisingly C. Fortunately D. Eventually
11. A. principle B. deal C. competition D. compromise
12. A. real B. former C. formal D. last
13. A. commenting B. breaking C. furthering D. making
14. A. apply B. ignore C. return D. handle
15. A. forced B. expected C. equal D. willing
【答案】
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Seott Kelly国际空间站的指挥官从一名空想家，到受到启发，最终通过努力，成为了一名宇航员的故事。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，对于那些没有天赋或不够聪明的学生来说，科学事业太复杂了，但国际空间站的指挥官Seott Kelly将证明这是错误的。A. unusual不寻常的；B. abnormal反常的；C. wrong错误的；D. illegal非法的。根据后文Seott Kelly从差生成为了宇航员，可知他证明了“对于那些没有天赋或不够聪明的学生来说，科学事业太复杂了”这个说法是错误的。故选C。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个孩子，他很爱出神，对科学和所有其他学科都不感兴趣。A. schedules日程表；B. goals目标；C. subjects科目；D. students学生。根据后文“spending most of his time in school daydreaming”可知，他很爱出神，对科学和所有其他学科都不感兴趣。故选C。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他在学校的大部分时间都在做白日梦，无法集中注意力听老师讲课。A. work on从事；B. set about开始；C. think about思考；D. focus on集中。根据后文“spending most of his time in school daydreaming”可知，他在学校的大部分时间都在做白日梦，无法集中注意力听老师讲课。故选D。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他的成绩很差，几乎没有从高中毕业，他甚至认为他永远不会实现他的梦想。A. reach到达；B. acknowledge承认；C. fulfill完成；D. observe观察。根据上文“he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never”以及后文“dream”可知此处指无法无法实现梦想。故选C。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他读到汤姆·沃尔夫的经典著作《正确的东西》时，这一切都改变了，这本书讲述了首次探索太空的美国先驱。A. finished结束；B. realized意识到；C. happened发生；D. changed改变。根据后文“he was determined to be an astronaut”可知，这本书改变了他。故选D。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，他受到了启发，决心成为一名宇航员，这意味着在科学课上取得好成绩。A. Inspired受到鼓舞的；B. Disappointed失望的；C. Satisfied满足的；D. Shocked震惊的。根据上文“when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe’s classic account of the pioneering Americans who first explored space.”可知，此处指他受到了这本书的启发，决心成为一名宇航员。故选A。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以那天，他下定决心要把它做好。A. gave up放弃；B. made up编造；C. formed into形成；D. got into进入。根据上文“he was determined”可知，他下定决心要把它做好。make up one’s mind表示“下定决心”。故选B。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过这么多年的白日梦，这不是一件容易的事。A. possible可能的；B. difficult困难的；C. easy容易的；D. wonderful极好的。根据上文“After so many years of daydreaming”可知，他做了很多年的白日梦，要成为宇航员并不容易。故选C。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他越练习他的学习技巧，他获得的越多，他得到的越好。A. planned计划；B. practiced练习；C. arranged安排；D. exchanged交换。根据后文“his study skills, the more he gained and the better he got”指练习学习技巧。故选B。
10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，这变成了一场与他自己的竞争，看他能做得多好。A. Particularly特别；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Eventually最后。结合后文可知，学习最后变成了他与自己的一场比赛。故选D。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，这变成了一场与他自己的竞争，看他能做得多好。A. principle原则；B. deal交易；C. competition比赛；D. compromise妥协。根据后文“with himself to see how good he could get”可知，这变成了一场与他自己的竞争，看他能做得多好。故选C。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人比他更惊讶，当一个以前的空想家开始在科学上全A，这是成为一名宇航员所必需的。A. real真的；B. former以前的；C. formal正式的；D. last最后的。呼应上文“After so many years of daydreaming”指他以前是空想家。故选B。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们不要再说科学很难了。A. commenting评论；B. breaking打破；C. furthering促进，进一步；D. making制作。根据后文“the statement that science is just too hard”可知，Seott Kelly的经历告诉我们，我们不应该再说科学困难了，只要有决心并采取行动就会在科学上取得成就。故选C。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是被告知“你不是一个搞科学的人”或“你的大脑不这么想”的学生，那就忽略这些评论吧！A. apply应用；B. ignore忽视；C. return返回；D. handle处理。Seott Kelly的经历告诉我们，不聪明的学生也可以实现梦想，所以要忽略这些负面的评价。故选B。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个想要学习这些东西的人都可以--他们只需要愿意做这项工作。A. forced勉强的；B. expected预料中的；C. equal相等的；D. willing愿意的。根据上文“So that day, he made up his mind to do well in it.”可知，只要一个人愿意，他就可以从事自己想要从事的工作。故选D。
Passage 13 Trujillo
For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible. Trujillo, however, is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器).
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it That's a tale of 4 written in the stars.
Born in 1983, even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science. But she doubted how far she'd be able to 6 in a male-dominated field. Then her dad offered to send her to Miami. Only 17 at the time, she 7 the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade College. Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 . But she didn't 10 "I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity."
Then came another life-changing momeUnit 2 Out of this world
单元引言解读
The pursuit of the ultimate truth of the universe is the final objective and destination of civilization.
—Liu Cixin
释义：对宇宙终极真理的追求，是文明的最终目标和归宿。
——刘慈欣
启示：该句出自中国科幻作家刘慈欣的小说《朝闻道》，意在说明对宇宙的探索才是人类文明的最高境界。
名句积累 That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind. —Neil Armstrong 对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。 ——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗 2. Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known. —Carl Sagan 在某个地方，某件了不起的事情正等着人们去了解。 ——卡尔·萨根(美国天文学家、宇宙学家和科幻作家) 3. An increasing number of people hold the view that space exploration is of great significance to human beings. 越来越多的人认为太空探索对人类意义重大。
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是“太空探索”，涉及的语篇类型有视频、讲座文稿、漫画和杂志文章等。本单元的教学旨在引导学生深入思考人类探索宇宙的意义并学习宇航员奋勇前进、直面挑战的宝贵品质，培养学生对未知世界的好奇心与探索精神，加深学生对国家航天科技发展的认识，增强民族自豪感，激励学生未来为国家科技进步和航天事业发展贡献力量。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“太空探索”这一话题的多个层面。Welcome to the unit 板块通过一段视频呈现四项太空探索方面的重大突破，以此导入单元话题，激发学生对本单元话题的学习兴趣；Reading板块是一篇讲座文稿，介绍了宇航员在空间站的生活，旨在提升学生对太空探索的兴趣，激励他们学习宇航员的优秀品质；Grammar and usage 板块通过“天文望远镜的使用”这一话题来创设情境，要求学生在此情境中探究主语从句的语法规则，并在具体语境中恰当运用：Integrated skills 板块通过一系列听、看、说、写的活动，要求学生合理发挥想象力和创造力，创作关于外星人的故事；Extended reading 板块是一篇杂志文章，探讨人类探索宇宙的缘由，旨在帮助学生深入思考太空探索的意义，Project板块要求学生通过合作学习和探究学习，思考人类移居外星球可能会遇到的挑战并提出相应的解决方案；Assessment 板块引导学生运用元认知策略进行阶段性反思和总结，要求学生通过回答问题的形式，分析存在的问题并制订针对性的解决方案；Further study 板块指导学生运用资源策略，通过观赏纪录片《与霍金一起了解宇宙》和阅读关于太空探索的书籍，就“太空探索”这一话题进行自主、深入的探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
planet 行星
star恒星
satellite卫星；人造卫星
orbit 轨道
habitable planets宜居行星
spacecraft 宇宙飞船
an unmanned probe无人探测器
space labs/space stations 宇宙空间科学实验室/太空站
astronaut宇航员
crew全体机组人员
astronomer天文学家
spacewalk太空行走
launch a satellite 发射卫星
send a (manned) spacecraft into space/orbit 发送(载人)宇宙飞船至太空/轨道
set out on a mission to explore... 开始探索……的太空飞行任务
collect data and send it back to the Earth收集数据并将其传回地球
find out the secrets of the universe发现宇宙的奥秘
promote technological innovation 推动技术革新
help us survive well into the future 让我们延续生存，直到未来
adventure spirit探险精神
scientific and technological breakthroughs科技突破
unfold thousands of mysteries揭开无数秘密
explore the unknown探索未知
beyond the limit超越极限
home planet地球家园
artificial satellites人造卫星
invention of rockets火箭的发明
deep space太空深处
space projects太空项目
space travel太空旅行
句式整理
1. The Space Shuttle is now in orbit.航天飞机已进入轨道飞行。
2. The satellite orbits the Earth every 48 hours.那颗人造卫星每48小时绕地球轨道运行一周。
3. He Was A Pioneer Of China's Aerospace Industry.他是中国航天工业的拓荒者。
4. One great significance of space exploration is that many of the inventions that were developed for space travel have been adapted to good use on Earth.太空探索的伟大意义之一就是为太空旅行所开发的许多发明在地球上都得到了充分的利用。
5. It is the adventure spirit that has motivated human beings to unfold thousands of mysteries and will continue to propel them to explore the unknown in the future.正是探险精神推动人类揭开了无数的秘密，这种精神还会继续推动他们去探索未知。
6. The invention of rockets and space shuttles can help us realise the dream of space travel.火箭和太空飞船的发明能帮我们实现太空旅行的梦想。
7. 30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from our daily life and is a waste of money.我们中有30%的人觉得太空探索不值得，认为太空探索离我们的日常生活太远，并且浪费金钱。
8. Some believe it is not necessary to explore the universe but others hold an opposite view.有些人认为没有必要探索宇宙，但其他人持相反的观点。
9. There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from space exploration in many different ways. 毫无疑问，太空探索在许多不同的方面使我们受益良多。 写作佳句
拓展阅读精练
阅读写作微技能---如何破解阅读理解中的生僻词 英语阅读理解的两座大山,其中第一座就是词汇障碍。因此清除生词障碍是提高阅读速度,正确理解文章的前提和保证。常用的方法有: 1.无关紧要的词汇——“跳过去” 在阅读理解设题时,并不是所有的生词都是出题点。在阅读过程中,会遇到一些无关紧要的生词,即使不去精确猜测词义,也不会影响对基本句意的理解。所以,平时考生要练习对生词的容忍度和处理生词的技巧。对于这类词,不要过多纠缠。 2.影响阅读的词汇——“猜出来” 常用的猜测生词的方法有: (1)利用例证进行猜测; (2)利用逻辑关系进行猜测; (3)利用同位关系进行猜测; (4)利用上下文的指代关系进行猜测; (5)利用构词法进行猜测; (6)利用同义或近义关系进行猜测; (7)利用反义、转折或对比关系进行猜测。
Passage 1 四个适合家庭探索太空的目的地
(2024·贵州·高二下学期阶段练习)
SPACE JAM
For kids inspired by India’s moon landing, here are four destinations where families can explore the stars, space and beyond.
Kennedy Space Center, Florida (USA)
The NASA-operated Kennedy Space Center is a must for aspiring astronauts and space lovers. It’s organised into chronologically grouped attractions and tours based around mission launches from the US Space Program. Hands-on experiences range from live presentations delivered by astronauts to the new Astronaut Training Experience Center. It is also the closest place from which the public can view rocket lift-offs at Cape Canaveral.
Jodrell Bank, Cheshire (UK)
This world-leading science research institute is centred around the Grade I-listed Lovell Telescope. Its 35-acre grounds include lots of interactive fun and educational exhibits across several indoor spaces, plus guided pathways to wander and outdoor facilities such as a pair of ‘whispering dishes’ for kids to call between. There’s also a programme of family friendly events, including the annual Bluedot Festival, which brings together live music and science workshops each July.
Pic du Midi, French Pyrenees (France)
There are few observatories in the world where you can eat a delicious dinner, spend the night stargazing before retiring to a comfortable cabin, then get up to watch the sun rise above the clouds. Getting to Pic du Midi is an adventure in its own right, involving a ride on two cable-cars up to 2,877m. Once there, guided astronomy sessions help kids discover Saturn and its rings, clusters of stars in deep space and solar flares on the sun’s surface via some of the world’s most powerful telescopes.
Mount Teide, Tenerife (Spain)
It’s home to the largest solar observatory in the world, which sits at an altitude of 2,390m on Spain’s highest mountain, the Teide volcano. Ride the cable-car up for a scientist-led tour, which includes the chance to observe the sun through portable solar telescopes. The special family visits include a fascinating science workshop exploring how observatory astrophysicists carry out their research.
1. Where can visitors watch rocket launches
A. Kennedy Space Center. B. Jodrell Bank.
C. Pic du Midi. D. Mount Teide.
2. In Jodrell Bank, visitors can do the followings except .
A. Enjoying live music. B. Exploring educational displays.
C. Wandering on guide-free pathways. D. Calling between via a designed device.
3. What do Pic du Midi and Mount Teide both offer
A. A comfortable cabin. B. A workshop of science.
C. Places for eating food. D. Guidance to observe the sun.
Passage 2 查看月球阴影部分的技术
(2024湖北高二下学期阶段练习)Certain areas near the moon’s poles stay everlastingly in shadow, never receiving direct sunlight. Recent studies suggest these so-called permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) contain rich ice resource that could show details about the early solar system; they could also help future visitors make fuel and other resources. But these areas are hard to photograph from satellites moving around the moon and thus are a challenge to study. The few photos PSRs reflect are often flooded by camera noise and quantum effects(量子效应).
Now researchers have produced a deep-learning algorithm(算法) to cut through the interruption and to see these dark zones. “Our images enable scientists to identify the features of craters and boulders(陨石坑和巨石),” says Valentin Bickel, a planetary scientist at the Max Planck Institute of Solar System Research in Germany and lead author of a Nature Communications study testing the new algorithm.
The researchers used more than 70,000 images of completely dark lunar areas — with no light signal — together with details about the camera’s temperature and position in orbit to train their algorithm to recognize and remove camera noise. Next they dealt with the rest noise through information learned from millions of sunlit lunar photos, together with copied versions of the same images in shadow. Ignacio Lopez-Francos, a study co-author and engineer at the NASA Ames Research Center, says using such man-made shadow was necessary because sunlit PSR images do not exist. A similar technique is also used in low-light digital camera photography.
The researchers used their algorithm to analyze the size and number of craters and boulders in several PSRs that might be explored by NASA’s Artemis moon program. They also found the likely origins of some boulders and established a potential route for an astronaut through a PSR on the moon, avoiding obstacles and slopes steeper than 10 degrees.
“It’s an interesting application of machine-learning technology, and the noise model seems realistic and useful for this real case,” says computer scientist Chongyi Li, who uses similar strategies to enhance underwater images at Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University and was not involved in the study.
1. Why is exploring the PSRs a challenge
A. Because satellites are remote. B. Because the solar system is complex.
C. Because the photos are often covered. D. Because the moon has abundant resources.
2. How did the researchers train their algorithm
A. They trained it through photos and images.
B. They trained it by cutting through the interruption.
C. They trained it through numerous images of sunlit lunar areas.
D. They trained it by using low-light digital camera photography.
3. What is Chongyi Li’s attitude to this algorithm
A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Indifferent. D. Favorable.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article
A. To appeal to us to explore lunar areas. B. To promote our understanding of moon.
C. To introduce an application of technology. D. To describe the reasons of lunar shadow lands.
Passage 3中国空间站为学生举办的首次公开课
(2024·湖南长沙·高二下学期开学考)On Dec 9, 2021, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu held their first open class aboard the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station for pupils.
In the 50-minute online class, the three astronauts explained daily life in space, how to walk in a microgravity environment and showed the children how to recycle water, oxygen and carbon dioxide in their environment. Applause broke out among the 1,420-strong audience at the CSTM when one of the three astronauts poured out water, which formed into a perfect ball. Applause broke out again when they put an effervescent tablet(泡腾片) into the water, which sparked into bubbles(气泡). But the bubbles did not burst and instead stayed complete.
The open science lesson was broadcast live to the nation. On domestic video-sharing website Bilibili alone, the open course was watched at least 6 million times, with more views on other platforms and TV channels.
For Shi Hao, a space specialist at China Acrospace Science and Technology Corporation, the growing desire of school pupils to pursue knowledge about space reflects the growing potential of China in exploring the universe in the future.
“I still remember how impressed I was by the launch of Shenzhou VI in September 2005. From then on, I have carved out the dream of pursuing my career in astronautics from the bottom of my heart.” Shi said. “For many people like me, this is not only a job, but a lifelong addiction and commitment. It is of vital importance to let Chinese youths touch astronautics during their childhood so as to sustain the building of talents.”
He was echoed (回应) by Zhou, who places high hopes on the future of China’s space industry. “We have a population of 1.4 billion, of which more than 200 million are pupils at school. By inspiring their enthusiasm, China will get an abundant supply of talents for the national space research team.” “Chinese people will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children,” he added.
1. What happened to the bubbles in the experiment
A. They kept in an original state.
B. They broke all of a sudden.
C. They disappeared completely.
D. They floated in the space craft.
2. What can we learn about Shi Hao
A. He was born with a talent in astronautics.
B. He is devoted to his career in astronautics.
C. He is an inspiration to many school pupils.
D. He was involved in the launch of Shenzhou VI.
3. Which statement will Zhou probably agree with
A. It is tough to inspire pupils’ enthusiasm at school.
B. It is essential to expose children to space exploration.
C. It is unlikely to get abundant space research talents.
D. It is challenging to launch space courses among pupils.
4. Why did the author write this passage
A. To introduce a unique lesson about an experiment in space.
B. To compliment the great achievements of space made in China.
C. To strengthen the importance of space knowledge among pupils.
D. To encourage astronautics staffs to devote themselves to their career.
Passage 4 获国际宇航科学院颁发的最高团队奖
(2024广西高二下学期开学考试)A group of planners, scientists and engineers in charge of China’s Chang’e 5 robotic lunar mission have received the highest team award from the International Academy of Astronautics. At the academy’s annual conference on Sunday in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, the Chinese team was awarded the 2023 Laurels for Team Achievement Award.
Hu Hao, chief designer of the Chang’e 5 mission and a senior planner at the China National Space Administration, said at the ceremony that he hopes more scientists and engineers from the international space community could take part in China’s lunar exploration projects. He also added that the samples retrieved (回收) by the Chang’e 5 probe will soon be open to foreign researchers.
One of the world’s most notable space activities in 2020, the Chang’e 5 robotic mission was launched in November 2020. It was China’s first lunar sample-returning mission and one of its most sophisticated and challenging space attempts. The landmark mission returned 1,731 grams of rocks and soil back to Earth on Dee 17, 2020, presenting the first lunar substances to humans since the Apollo era.
On the certificate awarded to the Chinese team, the academy wrote that during the 23-day mission, the Chang’e-5 team successfully completed the complicated mission which included a rocket launch, lunar-Earth transfer, lunar sampling, lunar surface takeoff, rendezvous and docking, sample transfer, skip re-entry and many other processes, and obtained two types of lunar samples. It noted the Chinese team has made outstanding contributions to mankind’s lunar and deep-space exploration.
1. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An advertisement of a robotic lunar company.
B. A research on Chinese lunar exploration.
C. A news report about an international awarding ceremony.
D. A review of the International Academy of Astronautics.
2. What can we infer from Hu Hao’s words
A. China encourages cooperation and sharing in exploring the moon.
B. China has made a difference to international space community.
C. China National Space Administration will soon be open to the world.
D. Chang’e 5 probe will soon continue its mission.
3. What can we know from the Chang’e 5 robotic mission
A. It marks the world’s first lunar sample-returning mission.
B. It contains various missions except for sample transfer.
C. It was launched on December 2020,
D. It’s a complex space exploration.
4. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Hu Hao: A Pioneer in Chinese Lunar exploration
B. Amazing Lunar Adventures: A Fairy Tale Has Come True
C. Challenging Ways to Returning the First Lunar Sample
D. The Impact of International Academy of Astronautics
Passage 5 太空垃圾的危害
(2024黑龙江双鸭山·高二下学期开学考试)On Nov. 16, seven astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) woke up to an alarm . A Russian missile(导弹) test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1, 500 pieces of space debris(残骸). Some got very close to the ISS.
NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28, 000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet(子弹) (about 3, 500 km/h). Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk, says Live Science.
Since the 1950s, humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there, and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006, for example, National Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS, taking a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year, a piece of debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms, which are just like the arms of a robot, and left a hole.
Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way is to use a huge net. In 2018, the UK’s Survey Space Center caught some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris, and then collected it with a net and a harpoon(鱼叉).
Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1, the European Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish, is going to be sent into space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere, where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction (摩擦).
1. The bomb of the Russian missile mainly causes ________ according to the article.
A. plants B. soil C. space debris D. food
2. According to NASA, space debris moves ________as fast as a bullet.
A. eight times B. nine times C. seven times D. six times
3. What happens to a space station if it gets “wiped out”
A. It gets cleaned. B. It gets rebuilt. C. It gets old. D. It gets broken.
4. What can we infer from Paragraph 3-4
A. There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris.
B. The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris.
C. Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish for years.
D. More and more tasks are failing because we don’t want to cause space rubbish.
Passage 6火星土壤上种植稻米
(2024安徽高二上学期·期末)Recent research has found that Martian(火星的) soil contains all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice, planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, reported at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, providing new possibilities for agriculture on the Red Planet.
The study, conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, tested simulated(模拟的) Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice. The researchers found that the soil contained all the essential nutrients needed for the crop to grow.
However, it would be a bit challenging for the plants to survive in the soil that has perchlorate, a chemical that has been detected on Mars’ surface and can be poisonous to plants.
The team grew rice plants in a Martian soil simulant primarily made of Mojave Desert basalt(玄武岩). However, the new-grown plants developed slighter shoots and thinner roots than the plants that grew from the potting mix. Even replacing just 25 percent of the simulant with a potting mix made a big difference, the team found.
The team of researchers then conducted an experiment to grow rice in soil containing perchlorate. They used a wild rice variety and two genetically edited varieties, which were designed to stand up to environmental stressors such as drought, and tested them in Mars-simulated soil with and without perchlorate.
The study revealed that a concentration of three grams of perchlorate per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants. However, when the concentration was reduced to one gram per kilogram, one of the genetically edited lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root, while the wild variety was only able to grow a root.
“We want to send humans to Mars but we cannot take everything there. It’s going to be expensive,” said Ramachandran. The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars, as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet, reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions.
1. How did the researchers conduct their study
A. By asking questions. B. By carrying out experiments.
C. By making a case study. D. By referring to former studies.
2. The gene-edited variety grows better in one kilogram of soil containing ______.
A. one gram of perchlorate B. two grams of perchlorate
C. three grams of perchlorate D. four grams of perchlorate
3. Why did the researchers want to grow rice on Mars
A. To find a wonderful way to make money.
B. To support the growing population on Earth.
C. To help astronauts feed themselves on Mars.
D. To enable people to eat new varieties of rice.
4. What’s the best title for the text
A. What Should We Grow on Mars
B. How Did Martian Soil Change Over Time
C. People Are Likely to Live on Mars Years Later
D. Martian Soil May Have All the Essential Nutrients Rice Needs
Passage 7 太空上一场零重力音乐表演
BEIJING- Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard China’s space station core module(舱), offered people on Earth a zero-gravity musical performance on Tuesday evening to celebrate the Lantern Festival. The space show was shared via a video released at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration. In the video, Wang was seen floating in the space module while playing a guzheng, or Chinese zither. She played a segment of the popular Chinese folk song. “Jasmine Flower”.
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar. People usually hang colorful lanterns, play riddle games and express their wishes and hopes for the future.
The crew members, who traveled to the space station core module on the Shenzhou-13 mission, kept some festive traditions alive as they continued to rotate around the mander Zhai Zhigang wrote riddles on red paper scrolls with a brush pen. He displayed the calligraphy together with taikonaut Ye Guangfu and extended festival greetings to the audience. They also sent blessing to athletes at the ongoing Beijing Winter Olympics: “We hope that you all achieve success, gain friendship and harvest your best Olympic experience.”
The video of the space performance was received with much enthusiasm after it was shared on social media platforms. It drew nearly 2 million clicks in one hour after several national media outlets posted it on the Chinese micro-blogging site Sina Weibo. The Weibo account of Zhurong, China’s first rover on Mars, reposted the video, commenting, “The music was so beautiful, and it made me homesick, too.”
The Lantern Festival also marks the last day of the lunar New Year celebration. Though far from home, the festive sentiments in space are the same. The China Manned Space Agency released a video on social media platforms on Tuesday, showing that the taikonauts had decorated the orbiting core module with red lanterns, Chinese knots and paper- cutting decorations. Wearing new clothes, the trio (三人小组) enjoyed the traditions of eating dumplings and posting spring couplets on walls During the Chinese New Year holiday, they were also spotted watching the Winter Olympics and doing workouts in orbit.
1. How did the mass enjoy the musical performance according to the text
A. By watching a video posted online by Wang Yaping herself.
B. By watching a video coming from a TV gala.
C. By watching the Lantern Festival gala at the scene.
D. By logging on the Internet through computers.
2. What does the underlined word “rotate” mean according to the context
A. Access. B. Substitute. C. Circle. D. Launch.
3. What can we learn from the text
A. The video of the space performance became a great hit.
B. Zhai Zhigang showed the calligraphy on his own.
C. The Beijing Winter Olympics had come to an end when the astronauts sent their regards.
D. Wang Yaping shared puzzles on red paper scrolls.
4. Which is the best title of the passage
A. Chinese folk song “Jasmine Flower” is played on space station
B. Taikonauts send blessings to the, Beijing Winter Olympics athletes
C. Taikonauts keep Lantern Festival traditions alive on space station
D. China makes major breakthroughs in the outer space exploration
Passage 8闭环系统BioPods
(2024江苏盐城高二上学期期末)Human innovation(创新) has allowed people to explore space for decades. Within a space station, astronauts have enough air, food and water to complete missions of a year or longer without a resupply. But missions to further reaches of space are a different matter. Establishing a base on the moon or sending humans to Mars seems just on the horizon. That can only happen if innovative and foolproof ways are developed to supply humans with enough air, water and food.
One company, Interstellar Labs, has developed an advanced, closed loop system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space. They call their AI managed greenhouses BioPods and they are designed to be very efficient. In fact, Interstellar Labs claims that BioPods reduce the amount of land and water needed to produce food by 99 percent. That is not an impossible claim. BioPods don’t use any soil to grow plants, and the vast majority of water is recycled and recirculated.
Plants are grown inside BioPods using aeroponics, the practice of hanging plants in the air and spraying a mist of nutrient-rich water on their roots. By using aeroponics, the BioPod system carefully conserves water with amazing results. According to Interstellar labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants, using only a small amount of water.
The conditions inside of a BioPod are controlled by AI, which can change anything from the lighting to the temperature and humidity to maximize growth. This optimizes(使最优化) growing conditions no matter what the environment is outside, including the emptiness of space.
The BioPods themselves can be built in almost any environment, too. The pod’s structure is made with a 3D printer using raw materials in liquid form. The inside part is sealed with an inflatable membrane(充气膜) that is also 3D-printed. This means that a BioPod could be built right on the surface of the moon or Mars, making transporting a large structure unnecessary.
Like most technology developed for space exploration, BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the harshest environments.
1. In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to____________.
A. propose a definition B. introduce a topic
C. make a comparison D. reach a conclusion
2. Which of the following best describes Biopods
A. They are deigned to be used in harsh environments on Earth.
B. They are easy to operate without need for soil or water.
C. They are highly productive and efficient greenhouses.
D. They are widely used for space exploration.
3. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Space Exploration with BioPods B. Growing Food in Space Pods
C. Food Consumption in Space Station D. 3D Printers Used in Space Lab
4. What is the writer’s attitude to the BioPod
A. Cautious. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Ambiguous.
Passage 9 坚持做宇航员的梦想
(2024江苏无锡高二上学期期末)In 1969, I was five years old in Lynchburg, Virginia, a skinny black kid of somewhat poor village. At that time, what my villagers were watching was “one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind — Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were walking on the Moon.” I always joined them with great interest.
My father was a farmer who worked from dawn until dark, struggling to feed my family. But he always took pains to do all the things to make money for his children to experience different adventures and encourage us to run after our own dreams. After Neil Armstrong’s moon landing, all the kids in the neighborhood thought I would be an astronaut one day. But I didn’t see an astronaut like me, because family background did matter.
I went on with this dream through a high school, and even a college. After graduation, I went to work for NASA. A friend of mine handed me an application and believed that I would be a great astronaut. Although I was lucky enough to be chosen, I didn’t know what it meant to be a real astronaut. In 2007, I was in Space Shuttle “Atlantis,” careening off the planet, traveling at 17,500 miles per hour, and eight and a half minutes later, the main engines cut off, and we were floating in space.
My job on this mission was to install(安装) a laboratory for materials and human research, which the European team have been waiting for 10 year. I grabbed out the big module, using the robotic arm and attaching it to the space station. So, this moment happened. It was done and I had a big sigh of relief.
In the space station, I could communicate with different people from all around the world. We had these people living and working together. Whether Russian or French, all these different people coexisted in harmony as one family. And so, when I looked up to space, I thought we all had to hold onto something until we finally came to the fantastic space.
1. Why did the author think it impossible to be an astronaut at first
A. He was a farmer. B. His family was poor.
C. He was too young. D. His father was too tired.
2. What does the underlined phrase “careening off’ probably mean in paragraph 3
A. Thinking back to. B. Looking out of.
C. Taking pictures of. D. Flying away from.
3. What can the author’s job be described as according to paragraph 4
A. Demanding and challenging. B. Rewarding and boring.
C. Satisfying and motivating. D. Promising and amazing.
4. What message does the author want to express
A. Everyone is likely to become an astronaut.
B. Parents are the best examples of their children.
C. Different people can coexist in harmony as one family.
D. Everyone should hold onto his dream, whether rich or poor.
Passage 10 太空探索的好处
(2024河南高二上学期期末)The age of space exploration started on April 12, 1961, when the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans The answer is simple. 1 In this article, we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
Promote the progress of medicine
2 For example, analyzing the effects of zero-gravity(零重力) on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent some heart illnesses. The experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
Develop new technologies
The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the shortest period of time. 3 For example, the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts. We use them in our day-to-day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon.
Start space tourism
The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer space. However, it is still too expensive to go to space. As reusable rockets improve, the costs of these trips will become significantly lower. 4
Inspire the next generation
Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children. 5 Not only is this good for them as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) jobs can secure them a comfortable future, but it also helps humans.
A. Technologies have advanced considerably.
B. It gets students interested in science and technology.
C. Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D. These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E. The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F. Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G. Throughout the years, companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.
Passage 11 太空吃饭和地球吃饭的区别
How is dining in space different from eating on Earth
Spacesuits Check! Oxygen Check! Water Check! Are we forgetting something Food! If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it 1
First, and possibly most important, is nutrition(营养). 2 Providing junk foods to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
3 If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well, you’ll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill into the cabin. Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 4 A loose knife bouncing(弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
Finally, weight is an important concern. The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again. 5 Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated(脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to rehydrate the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on the earth.
A. Variety and taste are also important.
B. Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
C. For the same reason sharp tools are never used onboard.
D. Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
E. Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
F. Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
G. Maintaining the astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.
Passage 12 Seott Kelly
Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren’t talented or clever enough, but Seott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station, would prove it’s 1 .
As a kid, he was abstracted and uninterested in science and all other 2 as well. He couldn’t 3 what the teachers were saying, spending most of his time in school daydreaming. Therefore, he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never 4 his dreams.
That all 5 when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe’s classic account of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. 6 at last, he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes. So that day, he 7 his mind to do well in it.
After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn’t be 8 . But he started thinking about it like a game. The more he 9 his study skills, the more he gained and the better he got. 10 , it became a(n) 11 with himself to see how good he could get. No one was more surprised than him when a 12 daydreamer started getting straight A’s in science, which is essential to be an astronaut.
So we need to stop 13 the statement that science is just too hard. If you’ re students who have been told “you are not a science people” or “your brain doesn’t think that way”, just 14 the comments! Everyone who wants to can learn this stuff — they just have to be 15 to do the work.
1. A. unusual B. abnormal C. wrong D. illegal
2. A. schedules B. goals C. subjects D. students
3. A. work on B. set about C. think about D. focus on
4. A. reach B. acknowledge C. fulfill D. observe
5. A. finished B. realized C. happened D. changed
6. A. Inspired B. Disappointed C. Satisfied D. Shocked
7. A. gave up B. made up C. formed into D. got into
8. A. possible B. difficult C. easy D. wonderful
9. A. planned B. practiced C. arranged D. exchanged
10. A. Particularly B. Surprisingly C. Fortunately D. Eventually
11. A. principle B. deal C. competition D. compromise
12. A. real B. former C. formal D. last
13. A. commenting B. breaking C. furthering D. making
14. A. apply B. ignore C. return D. handle
15. A. forced B. expected C. equal D. willing
Passage 13 Trujillo
For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible. Trujillo, however, is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器).
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it That's a tale of 4 written in the stars.
Born in 1983, even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science. But she doubted how far she'd be able to 6 in a male-dominated field. Then her dad offered to send her to Miami. Only 17 at the time, she 7 the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade College. Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 . But she didn't 10 "I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity."
Then came another life-changing moment. She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的) woman to be 11 to the NASA Academy. Later, she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
This February, when the Perseverance rover 12 on the surface of Mars, it was 13 by commentary (解说) from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language 14 .
Trujillo's own story is 15 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
1. A. astronaut B. pilot C. engineer D. guide
2. A. eager B. responsible C. concerned D. grateful
3. A. actually B. hardly C. accurately D. repeatedly
4. A. innovation B. kindness C. passion D. sympathy
5. A. certain B. approved C. afraid D. fond
6. A. respond B. rise C. invest D. apply
7. A. made up B. turned up C. picked up D. took up
8. A. measures B. activities C. jobs D. courses
9. A. studies B. purchases C. recreations D. trips
10. A. clarify B. fear C. perceive D. complain
11. A. applied B. admitted C. assigned D. introduced
12. A. originated B. generated C. landed D. waited
13. A. accompanied B. distracted C. estimated D. occupied
14. A. theory B. broadcast C. comment D. performance
15. A. career B. information C. competence D. proof
Passage 14 杨利伟
What is the most fun you can have in 21 hours and 23 minutes On 15 October 2003, Yang Liwei answered this question. His 1 in space took him 600,000 kilometers in orbit, around the earth 14times, in just over21 hours. It made him China's first astronaut in space. He had worked towards this 2 for many years.
Born in 1965, Yang had wanted to 3 since he was a young boy. His friends and teachers have all said that he loved science and technology from a young age. He always had a(n) 4 of flying.
In 1983, he joined the army and went to flight school. He 5 in 1987 and became a pilot. In1998, he 6 to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou. He was one of the only 14 7 from 1, 500 candidates(候选人). The team spent the next five years being trained. They not only studied all the subjects 8 to be an astronaut, but also learned 9 skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built. Yang scored among the very 10 in everything the group studied.
In September 2003, only three out of the 14candidates were 11 for the Chinese space adventure, and Yang was one of them. He took all kinds of tests to 12 he was fit for this important task. 13 he did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological(心理的) tests that finally won him the chance.
In the end, Yang was indeed a success. His name will go down in history. The people of China can be 14 of him and young people all over the world 15 him as an example of a man who managed to fulfill his dream.
1. A. sailing B. voyage C. walk D. leap
2. A. goal B. idea C. risk D. reward
3. A. explore B. operate C. compete D. fly
4. A. dream B. chance C. opinion D. schedule
5. A. dropped B. survived C. graduated D. succeeded
6. A. wanted B. hoped C. deserved D. applied
7. A. got B. taken C. selected D. kept
8. A. required B. added C. simplified D. released
9. A. walking B. communication C. management D. survival
10. A. altitude B. middle C. top D. bottom
11. A. designed B. picked C. coached D. praised
12. A. prove B. admit C. expect D. mention
13. A. Although B. Because C. Unless D. When
14. A. confident B. proud C. afraid D. ashamed
15. A. get along with B. care about C. deal with D. look up to
Passage 15 成功脱险
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2024·安徽滁州高二上学期期末)One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugar loaf Mountain in Maine. One of his dream 1 (career) is to become an astronaut. Early in the afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally left the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! Not 2 (have) food, water, a phone, or other supplies, he felt rather 3 (anxiety) and was getting colder and colder by the minute.
Nicholas didn’t know the spot 4 he was staying. He tried not to panic regardless 5 the terrible situation. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV.
There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put(待在原地) . Using his skis, Nicholas was able to build a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and had a hole 6 (dig) in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for a TV program. He used to watch Grylls’ survival show Man vs Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs Wild, 7 is in a wild area that Grylls is abandoned and has to find his way out.
According to Grylls’ own 8 (interpret) on Nicholas’ survival, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone else how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive. Nicholas was 9 (genuine) thankful for Grylls’ show and said, “From seven to eight o’clock tomorrow, I 10 (watch) Grylls’ survival show again.”
Passage 16 神舟十七号载人飞船
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China, on October 26th, 1 (send) the Shenzhou XVII manned spaceship, and the three astronauts aboard will stay in orbit for about six months on a space station mission.
The crew members—Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin—have been scheduled to ride on board the Shenzhou XVII spaceship. Tang Hongbo is one of the nation’s second-generation astronauts. Through this mission, he will become a record holder among Chinese astronauts, regarding the 2 (short) interval(间隔) between two spaceflights—just two years and one month after returning from his first space journey in the three-month Shenzhou XII.
3 (bring) up in a farming family in northwest China’s Gansu Province, Tang Shengjie entered China’s Aviation University of Air Force after graduating from high school 4 became a fighter pilot. After nearly 13 years of 5 (serve), he has flown six types of aircraft.
Like many of his predecessors, Jiang Xinlin is a pilot-turned-taikonaut, 6 was also a ground-force tank driver before reaching beyond the sky. “I am very much looking forward to travelling into space, enjoying the fun in zero gravity and 7 (explore) the wonders of the vast universe,” the 35-year-old said in a pre-flight interview.
The Shenzhou XVII crew is supposed 8 (stay) inside the Tiangong for around six months and return to Earth around April. Their 9 (task) include carrying out scientific experiments and technological demonstrations, conducting spacewalks to install equipment and maintain the massive orbital outpost, checking the 10 (station) operational performance, obtaining data, as well as helping to review ground facilities’ support capabilities.
