Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
单元引言解读
A concerted effort to preserve our heritage is a vital link to our cultural, educational aesthetic, inspirational, and economic legacies.
--Steve Berry
释义：同心协力保护遗产对于我们的文化、教育、美学、精神和经济遗产而言，是至关重要的一环。
——史蒂夫·贝里
启示：该句出自美国作家史蒂夫·贝里的文章《为什么保存历史很重要》(“Why Preserving History Matters”)，意在说明保护遗产的重要性。
名句积累 1. The true wealth of a nation lies in its cultural heritage and its preservation for posterity. 一个国家真正的财富在于其文化遗产及其对后代的保护。 2. "Our cultural heritage is an invaluable legacy that connects the past with the present and bridges understanding between generations." --UNESCO Statement 我们的文化遗产是一项无价的遗产，它连接过去与现在，架起各代人之间理解的桥梁。 3. "Cultural heritage is a bridge between history and the future, a link from one generation to the next." --Richard Moe, Former President of the National Trust for Historic Preservation (文化遗产是历史与未来之间的桥梁，是连接一代与下一代的纽带。 4. "Cultural heritage is not only a record of the past but also a living, dynamic expression of identity that must be safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations." --Irina Bokova, Former Director-General of UNESCO 文化遗产不仅是过去记录的载体，更是表达身份的鲜活、动态表现，我们必须为了当代和后代的利益对其进行保护。 5. "What we have inherited from our forefathers let us pass on to our children undiminished in quantity and undimmed in quality." --Roman Statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero 祖先留给我们的一切，让我们在数量上不减，在质量上不损地传给我们的子孙后代。 6. "Culture is the widening of the mind and of the spirit. When this widening process ceases, there comes death. The eternal life of man is cultural heritage." --Jawaharlal Nehru 文化是对心灵和精神的拓宽。当这一拓宽的过程停止时，便是死亡的到来。人类的永恒生命即在于文化遗产。
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”“人与社会”，话题是“遗产保护”，涉及的语篇类型有视频、讲座文稿、博客文章、社论、杂志文章和海报等。本单元的教学旨在引导学生充分认识世界遗产的意义和价值，增强保护世界遗产的意识，自觉宣传世界遗产保护，践行遗产保护的理念，意识到保护世界遗产的重要性——有利于坚定文化自信、促进文明发展、推动文明交流互鉴，有利于夯实共建人类命运共同体的人文基础。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“遗产保护”这一话题的多个层面。Welcometo the unit板块通过一段视频介绍三种不同类型的世界遗产，围绕世界遗产展开讨论，激发学生对本单元话题的学习兴趣；Reading板块是一篇关于世界遗产面临危险的讲座文稿，重点介绍世界遗产遭受威胁的原因及其影响；Grammar and usage 板块通过“拯救埃及古庙”这一话题来创设情境，要求学生在此情境中探究同位语从句的语法规则，并在具体语境中恰当运用；Integrated skills板块通过一系列听、读、说、写的活动，培养学生的语言技能，提升学科素养，帮助学生理解保护世界遗产的重要性；Extended reading 板块介绍了丝绸之路的地理风貌、历史渊源及其在经济贸易、文化交流等领域的重大作用；Project板块要求学生通过合作学习和探究学习，制作一张关于联合国教科文组织世界遗产地的海报；Assessment 板块引导学生运用元认知策略进行阶段性反思和总结，要求学生通过回答问题的形式，分析存在的问题并制订针对性的解决方案；Further study 板块指导学生运用资源策略，通过浏览联合国教科文组织关于遗产保护的网页和阅读关于丝绸之路的书籍，就“遗产保护”这一话题进行自主，深入的探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
(1)原因及目的
①in order to/so as to 为了……
②in order that/so that 为了……
③for/with the purpose of 为了……
④the reason for ……的原因
(2)提议及要求
①propose vt.建议,提议
②be supposed to 应该
③put an end to 结束……
④protect/preserve...from... 保护……免受……
(3)呼吁及希望
①take action 采取行动
②take measures/steps 采取措施
③appeal/make an appeal to people to do sth. 呼吁人们做某事
句式整理
(1)段首句
①In order to create a good network environment, I propose that everyone should be a civilized netizen.
为了创造一个良好的网络环境,我建议每个人都应该做一个文明的网民。
②In order to raise the awareness of environmntal protection and make our campus more beautiful, we put forward the following suggestions to teachers and students.
为了提高环保意识,使我们的校园更加美丽,我们向老师和同学们提出以下建议。
③The reasons for this are as follows.
原因如下。
(2)主体段落句
①Being addicted to computer games does great harm to our life and study.沉迷于电脑游戏对我们的生活和学习有很大的危害。
②Destroying the environment will bring about disastrous outcomes sooner or later.
破坏环境迟早会带来灾难性的后果。
③It’s our duty to save energy and protect the environment.
节约能源、保护环境是我们的责任。
④It’s obvious that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.很明显,利大于弊。
⑤It is of great benefit to us.这对我们有很大的好处。
(3)段尾句
①It is high time that we took action.
我们该采取行动了。
②I appeal to everyone to contribute to environmental protection.
我呼吁每个人都为环境保护做出贡献。
③It is hoped that you will join in the action.
希望你能加入到行动中来。
拓展阅读精练
阅读微技能---概括段落大意的方法 1.概括段落大意时,先弄清每句话的意思,然后进行比较,看看哪些是主要的,哪些是次要的,最后围绕主要的用一两句话概括出来。 2.概括段意时应做到言简意明,不能啰哩啰嗦,说个没完。什么是准确呢 就是抓住段落的实质,不要偏离段落的主要内容。 第一,段意应该是一段文章中的主要内容,而不应该是思想内容的概括。 第二,段意一般用陈述句表达。每段段意连起来应当反映出全篇文章的主要内容。 第三,认真读懂段落的主要内容,理解句与句、层与层之间的关系才能抓住段落的主要内容,准确地概括出段落大意。 3.具体方法如下: (1)摘录中心法。总分关系以及先概括后具体构成的段落,只要找准中心句,就可以把段意概括出来了。 (2)层义归并法。并列关系、承接关系构成的段落,先把段落中每层的意思概括出来,然后把这些层义归并成段意。 (3)取主舍次法。承接关系构成的段落,先弄清每层的意思,然后把每层的意思进行比较,看看哪层意思是主要的,哪层意思是次要的,最后取主舍次概括段意。
Passage 1 三个重大文化事件
(23-24高三下·湖南长沙·开学考试)The year 2023 witnessed the occurrence of significant cultural events, with culture and tourism becoming even more closely connected. Let’s review the major cultural events of 2023 as we bid farewell to the year and embrace the new year of 2024!
Museum visits rise in popularity in summer
Tourists were seen queuing for long hours in front of museums and obtaining entrance tickets became more challenging. In response to the growing demand, 46 museums in Beijing canceled their customary Monday closures and remained open daily until August 31. The rise in “museum fever” can be credited to various factors, including the public’s increasing enthusiasm for traditional Chinese culture, the booming market for youth educational tours and summer camps, as well as the continuous innovation of museums.
Old tea forests in Pu’er win World Heritage Site title
The newly named heritage site, located in Lancang Lahu autonomous county in Pu’er, Yunnan province, consists of five large-scale, well-preserved old tea forests, which stand 1,250 to 1,500 meters above the sea level, three protective barrier forests, and nine ancient villages in the old tea forests, which are mainly inhabited by Blang and Dai ethnic groups. The cultural landscape was jointly created by the ancestors of the Blang people—who immigrated to the Jingmai Mountain in the 10th century AD and later discovered and domesticated wild tea trees—and the native Dai people.
Protection plan released for Beijing’s Central Axis
The plan is said to be one of the necessary steps toward bidding for UNESCO World Heritage status. Alongside regulations on the protection of the Central Axis carried out earlier, the plan is in line with the requirements of World Heritage conservation. The 21 member countries of the World Heritage Committee will decide on whether Beijing’s Central Axis can be added to the World Heritage List at the committee’s 46th annual conference in 2024. If the application succeeds, it will reinforce Beijing’s top position among cities worldwide by number of World Heritage Sites.
1. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the rise in “museum fever”
A. Museums’ ceaseless innovation.
B. The constant innovation of summer camps.
C. The growing market for youth educational tours.
D. People’s growing passion for traditional Chinese culture.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the cultural events
A. 46 museums in Beijing stayed open all year round.
B. The Blang people are the natives in Jingmai Mountain.
C. The heritage site in Pu’er consists of four large old tea forests.
D. Beijing’s Central Axis hasn’t been added to the World Heritage List yet.
3. In which magazine would a reader most likely find this text
A. Wonders of the Natural World B. Scientific Exploration
C. Chinese Culture Research D. Art and Architecture
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了2023年中国发生的三个重大文化事件。
1. 细节理解题。根据“Museum visits rise in popularity in summer”下面的“The rise in ‘museum fever’ can be credited to various factors, including the public’s increasing enthusiasm for traditional Chinese culture, the booming market for youth educational tours and summer camps, as well as the continuous innovation of museums.(‘博物馆热’的兴起可归因于多种因素，包括公众对中国传统文化的热情日益高涨，青少年教育旅行和夏令营市场的蓬勃发展，以及博物馆的不断创新。)”可知，“博物馆热”的兴起有多种因素，包括公众对中国传统文化的热情日益高涨，青少年教育旅行和夏令营市场的蓬勃发展，以及博物馆的不断创新，选项A、选项C、选项D均符合题意，B项“夏令营的不断创新”不符合文章内容。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The 21 member countries of the World Heritage Committee will decide on whether Beijing’s Central Axis can be added to the World Heritage List at the committee’s 46th annual conference in 2024.(世界遗产委员会的21个成员国将在2024年的第46届年会上决定是否将北京中轴线列入世界遗产名录。)”可知，北京中轴线目前还没有被列入世界遗产名录，所以D项正确。选项A、选项B、选项C可分别根据“Museum visits rise in popularity in summer”下面的“In response to the growing demand, 46 museums in Beijing canceled their customary Monday closures and remained open daily until August 31.(为了应对日益增长的需求，北京的46家博物馆取消了周一的惯例闭馆，每天开放至8月31日。)”、“Old tea forests in Pu’er win World Heritage Site title”下面的“The cultural landscape was jointly created by the ancestors of the Blang people—who immigrated to the Jingmai Mountain in the 10th century AD and later discovered and domesticated wild tea trees—and the native Dai people.(这里的文化景观是由布朗人的祖先和当地的傣族共同创造的，布朗人于公元10世纪移民到景迈山，后来发现并培育了野生茶树。)”和“The newly named heritage site, located in Lancang Lahu autonomous county in Pu’er, Yunnan province, consists of five large-scale, well-preserved old tea forests, which stand 1,250 to 1,500 meters above the sea level, three protective barrier forests, and nine ancient villages in the old tea forests, which are mainly inhabited by Blang and Dai ethnic groups.(新命名的遗产地位于云南省普洱市澜沧拉祜族自治县，由海拔1250米至1500米的五个保存完好的大型老茶林、三个防护屏障林和九个老茶林古村落组成，老茶林中主要居住着布朗族和傣族。)”得知陈述错误。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Let’s review the major cultural events of 2023 as we bid farewell to the year and embrace the new year of 2024!(让我们一起回顾2023年的重大文化事件，告别这一年，迎接2024年的新一年！)”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了2023年中国发生的三个重大文化事件。由此可推测出，本篇文章最有可能出自《中国文化研究》杂志。故选C。
Passage 2 莫高窟文物的修复工作
(23-24高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期末)It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind.
The team is committed to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which lasts about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and chipping, as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and moisture of the caves, and the settlings of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder, restorers should know painting, master the skills of craft and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the current situation of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su. “When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,” Su says. But at least, they can keep the current look of the murals for as long as possible.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The popularity of Dunhuang murals.
B. The history of the ancient Silk Road.
C. The ways of protecting cultural heritage.
D. The significance of the restoration work.
2. How does the author feel the restoration work
A. Creative. B. Rewarding. C. Interesting. D. Demanding.
3. What can we know about restoring murals from Su in paragraph 4
A. It is advised to keep its current state.
B. It is important to pursue its intact look.
C. Its missing parts should be fixed in time.
D. Restorers can repaint to perfect its appearance.
4. Which can be the best title for the text
A. The Significance of Mural Preservation
B. The Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture
C. The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves
D. The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了敦煌研究院的文化遗产保护者对莫高窟文物的修复工作。
1. 段落大意题。根据第二段“The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road.(这些文物是古丝绸之路上几个世纪以来文化交流的产物。)”和“Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people(我们修复壁画和彩塑的工作是为了更好地保护洞穴，这将向世界弘扬伟大的敦煌包容精神，激励现代人)”可知，莫高窟的文物是文化交流的历史产物，修复文物是为了更好地保护洞穴、弘扬敦煌精神、激励现代人，由此可推测出，本段主要讲述了修复工作的重要性。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To restore a mural requires an all-rounder, restorers should know painting, master the skills of craft and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.(修复壁画需要一个多面手，修复人员应该懂得绘画，掌握手工技能，并具备一定的化学和物理知识，能够识别问题及其相应的原因，并提供解决方案。他们还必须选择合适的材料和工具，并进行实验，然后才正式进行修复和评估效果。)”可推知，修复工作的要求是非常高的。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the current situation of the murals rather than repainting them.(修复应尊重原作，以保持壁画的现状为目标，而不是重新粉刷。)”和“‘Cultural relics are witnesses of history,’ explains Su. ‘When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.’(“文物是历史的见证者，”苏解释说，“当你出于艺术的原因而追求所谓的完整外观时，你就会失去它们的关键意义。”)”可知，修复文物时应当保持其现状，而不是重新粉刷，追求完美。故选A。
4. 标题归纳题。根据第一段“It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind.(这是一场与时间的赛跑，尽管受到风沙的侵蚀，敦煌研究院的几代文化遗产保护人员仍在努力保护一项联合国教科文组织世界遗产——莫高窟的艺术魅力。)”以及后文对修复工作的目的、要求等的介绍可知，文章主要讲述的是莫高窟的文物修复工作，所以C项“莫高窟的壁画修复”最适合作本文标题。故选C。
Passage 3大运河的发展历史和意义
(23-24高二上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末)The Grand Canal, a large waterway that first connected north and south China over 1400 years ago, is shorter than it once was, but it is still the longest man-made river in the world.
The original Canal system began around the year 605. China’s emperor realized that he needed a better way to feed his army. Specifically, he needed a way to move food quickly from China’s southern rice-growing region to the country’s north. Thus, he spent 6 years on construction of the first section of the Grand Canal, connecting existing canals, lakes and rivers. However, by 1127, parts had begun to worsen. In 1279, Kublai Khan began to repair and create a more direct north-south route to and from Beijing.
The Grand Canal was also an important cultural channel. Soldiers, merchants and artists transported ideas, regional foods and cultural practices from one part of China to another. It is said that Peking duck and the Pecking opera were both brought north via the canal. Even today, the country’s watery highway plays an important economic role in China. In addition, local governments, eager to increase tourism and real estate (房地产) development, are beautifying areas along the Canal.
This development comes at a price, though. In Yangzhou, the city government has torn down almost all of the older Canal-side buildings. Farther south in the cities of Zhenjiang, Wuxi and Hangzhou, the situation is similar. “Traditionally, we talk about eighteen main cities on the Grand Canal, and each had something unique and special about it.” explains Zhou Xihua, the director of the Grand Canal museum. “But now many of these cities are all the same: a thousand people with one face.”
In 2005 a group of citizens proposed that the historic Grand Canal be made a UNESCO world heritage site. The status would protect both the waterway and architecture around it. “Every generation wants the next generation to understand it, to look at its monuments.” said Zhu Bingren, an artist who cowrote this proposal. UNESCO status was officially granted in 2014. The hope now is that the grand Canal, one of the world’s great engineering accomplishments, will continue to link north and south China for centuries to come.
1. Why was the Grand Canal originally built
A. To allow his army to move more quickly.
B. To transport food from the south to the north.
C. To enable people to visit remote parts of China.
D. To promote the cultural and traditional diversity.
2. What is not true about the Grand Canal
A. It is the longest man-made river in the world.
B. It orginally complete construction in the year 611.
C. Its original north-south route is to and from Beijing.
D. It allowed Peking duck and the Peking opera to spread.
3. What is the underline sentence meaning in paragaph 4
A. Developing the canal involves spending a lot of money.
B. Even after spending money, people dislike the development.
C. Developing it is more expensive than one can imagine.
D. There are some negative consequences to this development.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The history of the Grand Canal. B. The introduction of the Grand Canal.
C. The construction of the Grand Canal. D. The proection of the Grand Canal.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了大运河的发展历史和意义，以及在当代所遭受的破坏和人们为保护大运河所做出的努力。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Specifically, he needed a way to move food quickly from China’s southern rice-growing region to the country’s north. Thus, he spent 6 years on construction of the first section of the Grand Canal, connecting existing canals, lakes and rivers.(具体来说，他需要一种将粮食从中国南部水稻种植区快速运送到该国北部的方法。于是，他花了6年时间修建了第一段大运河，连接了现有的运河、湖泊和河流)”可知，当初修建大运河是为了把粮食从南方运到北方。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thus, he spent 6 years on construction of the first section of the Grand Canal, connecting existing canals, lakes and rivers. However, by 1127, parts had begun to worsen. In 1279, Kublai Khan began to repair and create a more direct north-south route to and from Beijing.(于是，他花了6年时间修建了第一段大运河，连接了现有的运河、湖泊和河流。然而，到了1127年，部分情况开始变糟糕。1279年，忽必烈开始修复和开辟一条更加直接的往返北京的南北航线)”可知，大运河原有的南北航线和往返北京的航线不是一条线。C项“其原有的南北航线为往返北京。”是错误的，故选C。
3. 词句猜测题。根据划线句子下文“In Yangzhou, the city government has torn down almost all of the older Canal-side buildings. Farther south in the cities of Zhenjiang, Wuxi and Hangzhou, the situation is similar. (在扬州，市政府拆除了几乎所有运河沿岸的旧建筑。再往南的镇江、无锡、杭州等城市，情况也类似。)”可知，为了发展，一些城市拆除了几乎所有运河沿岸的旧建筑，这是发展所带来的负面后果，由此可推知划线句子意为“这种发展带来了一些负面后果”，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The Grand Canal, a large waterway that first connected north and south China over 1400 years ago, is shorter than it once was, but it is still the longest man-made river in the world.(大运河是1400多年前首次连接中国南北的大水道，虽然比以前短了，但它仍然是世界上最长的人工河流。)”可知，文章主要介绍了大运河，包括其发展历史和意义，以及在当代所遭受的破坏和人们为保护大运河所做出的努力。故选B。
Passage 4巴基斯坦的世界遗产门佐达罗
One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan as the country battles the worst floods in its history.
Moenjodaro, a World Heritage site in the Indus River valley 508 kilometers (316 miles) from Karachi, was built in the Bronze Age, some 5,000 years ago. “Unfortunately we witnessed the mass destruction at the site,” reads a letter from the Cultural, Tourism & Antiquities Department of Singh state sent to UNESCO and signed by director Ihsan Ali Abbasi and architect Naveed Ahmed Sangah. The letter adds the site was being used as temporary accommodation for surrounding residents whose own homes had flooded.
Moenjodaro’s significance can’t be underestimated when it was added to UNESCO’s register in 1980, the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “bears exceptional proof to the Indus civilization,” comprising “the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent”.
The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken to mitigate the flood damage, like bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork. But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough.
Abbasi and Sangah ended their letter by asking for 100 million Pakistani rupees ($45 million) to cover the costs of full repairs. UNESCO has responded to the request for help, allocating $350,000 from its emergency fund for damaged historic sites in Pakistan during UN Secretary General António Guterres’s visit to the flood-stricken country this week.
The funds will go to Moenjodaro and other sites including the Amri Museum. While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites, it will pay for urgent work while UNESCO and local organization consider the best way forward. Sadly, the conservators of Moenjodaro have known for some time that flooding could bring a serious risk to the site.
In their letter, Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger, which the preservation body updates periodically to highlight historic places that are at severe risk of ruin.
1. What makes Moenjodaro special to Pakistan
A. The geographic feature it bears.
B. The role it played in fighting floods.
C. The mass destruction it suffered in history.
D. The value it holds in history and architecture.
2. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Reduce. B. Suffer. C. Avoid. D. Assess.
3. Which best describes the situation of the repair work made so far
A. Creative. B. Worrying. C. Impractical. D. Satisfactory.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Pakistan’s Deadly Floods Causing Widespread Damage
B. Moenjodaro Calling for Attention to Its Severe Damage
C. Moenjodaro Added to the List of UNESCO Sites in Danger
D. Pakistan UNESCO Site Moenjodaro Badly Damaged by Flooding
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了世界上保存最古老的人类住区之一——巴基斯坦的世界遗产门佐达罗在暴雨中遭到严重破坏和拯救方法。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Moenjodaro’s significance can’t be underestimated when it was added to UNESCO’s register in 1980, the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “bears exceptional proof to the Indus civilization,” comprising “the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent”.(1980年，当门佐达罗被列入联合国教科文组织名录时，它的重要性不容小觑。该组织写道，门佐达罗“为印度河文明提供了独特的证据”，是“印度次大陆上最古老的规划城市”)”可知，门佐达罗在历史和建筑上的价值使它对巴基斯坦来说很特别。故选D。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken(这封信解释了现场团队立即采取的一些行动)”及下文“like bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork. But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough.(比如引进水泵和修复砖墙。但很明显，这些措施还不够)”可知，现场团队立即采取了一些措施来减轻洪水破坏。由此可知，划线词mitigate与reduce“减少，降低”意思接近。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough.(但很明显，这些措施还不够)”及倒数第二段中的“While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites, it will pay for urgent work while UNESCO and local organization consider the best way forward.(虽然这笔钱远远少于完全修复遗址所需的钱，但它将支付联合国教科文组织和当地组织考虑最佳前进方式的紧急工作)”及最后一段“In their letter, Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger, which the preservation body updates periodically to highlight historic places that are at severe risk of ruin.(在他们的信中，Abbasi和Sangah表达了对门佐达罗可能被列入联合国教科文组织濒危遗址名单的担忧，该保护机构定期更新该名单，以突出那些面临严重破坏风险的历史遗迹)”可推知，到目前为止，维修工作的情况令人担忧。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan as the country battles the worst floods in its history.(巴基斯坦正在与历史上最严重的洪水作斗争，世界上保存最古老的人类住区之一在暴雨中遭到严重破坏)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了世界上保存最古老的人类住区之一——巴基斯坦的世界遗产门佐达罗在暴雨中遭到严重破坏和拯救方法。由此可知，D. Pakistan UNESCO Site Moenjodaro Badly Damaged by Flooding(巴基斯坦联合国教科文组织世界遗产地门佐达罗被洪水严重破坏)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
Passage 5 持续监测
(23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期中)Cultural heritage sites are a nonrenewable resource. Today architectural heritage sites are being destroyed at an alarming rate. They’re threatened by rising seas, pollution, overtourism, conflicts and so on. Recently, Notre Dame Cathedral has attracted international attention.
Since its main construction from 1163 to 1350, Notre Dame Cathedral repeatedly has been damaged and repaired. On April 15, 2019, the landmark’s roof caught fire, causing the collapse of its spire (尖顶) and upper walls severely damaged. Work on the site began quickly. Through the work of photographer Tomas van Houtryve, writer Robert Kunzig, and artist Fernando Baptista, people will see restoring scenes where ruins are cleared and statues saved. Even the COVID-19 pandemic caused only a two-month delay. Architects have said the expensive project is on track to be completed in 2024.
And thorny questions arise. What duty do we owe the creations of our ancestors What lesson can we draw from their presence
Humankind has answered that differently. In Dresden, Germany, the Frauenkirche, an 18th-century baroque church, was famous for its bell-shaped dome (穹顶). In February 1945, one of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War II reduced the city to ruins. After German reunion, the church was reconstructed using many of its original stones, as a symbol of peace and harmony. Berlin’s Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church also fell to bombing but had a different story. Its spire has been left a ruin on purpose to be a “warning monument” against war and destruction.
Like the Frauenkirche, Notre Dame is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before, including using the original, toxic metal — lead (铅) — for the roof, causing the debate about how to restore and maintain historic buildings. Actually, no one claims to have the “right” answers on preservation; there may not even be right answers. What people could do is to continuously monitor the global care of cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past, present, and future.
1. What do we know about Notre Dame Cathedral
A. It was once threatened by conflicts.
B. It collapsed totally during a fire decade ago.
C. It has undergone repeated repairs since 1163.
D. It was not influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
2. What does the underlined word “thorny” mean
A. Simple. B. Tough. C. Accurate. D. Attractive.
3. Why are the Frauenkirche and Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church mentioned in para.4
A. To remind people the value of peace and harmony.
B. To warn people the influence of war and destruction.
C. To demonstrate different solutions to heritage site preservation.
D. To introduce reconstruction methods such as using original materials.
4. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Cultural heritage sites are nonrenewable so that they are worth protecting.
B. Notre Dame Cathedral has been the most attractive heritage site globally.
C. The reconstruction of cultural heritage sites seldom causes disagreements.
D. The reconstruction of Notre Dame Cathedral after fire has been completed.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文化遗产是一种珍贵的不可再生资源，对于修复被破坏的遗址人们持不同的观点。文章最后指出，保护文化遗产对人类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义，人类对于文化遗产保护所能做的最好事情就是持续监测。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Since its main construction from 1163 to 1350, Notre Dame Cathedral repeatedly has been damaged and repaired.(自1163年至1350年主楼建成以来，巴黎圣母院多次遭到破坏和修复)”可知，自1163年以来，巴黎圣母院经历了多次修复，故选C。
2. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的问题“What duty do we owe the creations of our ancestors What lesson can we draw from their presence (我们对祖先的创造负有什么责任？我们能从它们的存在中吸取什么教训？)”可知，对于修复受损的巴黎圣母院人们提出了疑问，有不同的声音，即出现了棘手的问题。故猜测划线词意为“棘手的”，与tough同义。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。第四段首句“Humankind has answered that differently.(人类对此给出了不同的回答)”提到对于如何保存遗迹人类做法不同，接着下文“After German reunion, the church was reconstructed using many of its original stones, as a symbol of peace and harmony. Berlin’s Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church also fell to bombing but had a different story. Its spire has been left a ruin on purpose to be a ‘warning monument’ against war and destruction.(德国统一后，教堂被重建，使用了许多原来的石头，作为和平与和谐的象征。柏林的威廉皇帝纪念教堂也遭到轰炸，但情况有所不同。它的塔尖被故意留下一片废墟，作为反对战争和破坏的‘警告纪念碑’)”提到两处遗迹，一处被重建，一处被故意留下一篇废墟警示人们，故文章提到圣母教堂和威廉皇帝纪念教堂是为了说明文物保护有不同的解决办法，故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Cultural heritage sites are a nonrenewable resource.(文化遗产是一种不可再生的资源)”和最后一段中“What people could do is to continuously monitor the global care of cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past, present, and future.(人们所能做的是持续监测全球对文化遗产的保护，这对人类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义)”可知，文章主要论述了文化遗产是一种珍贵的不可再生资源，保护文化遗产对人类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义。A项“文化遗产是不可再生的，因此值得保护”能够总结文章大意，故选A。
Passage 6面塑
Chinese people love food made of flour. In the hands of skilled artisans(手艺人), flour is made into lovely models of people or animals to be enjoyed and played with, which brings a unique kind of pleasure. This art form is called dough figurine(面塑). Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing’s Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city. In 2008, it was included in the list of national intangible(非物质的) cultural heritage.
It was created by Lang Shao’an. Most of the dough figurines are animals and characters from legends, historical stories, and local operas. The finished product is either put at the end of a thin stick or on a table for display. Some are mostly for children to eat or play with, with simple forms and vivid decorations, while some are fine pieces of artwork for display only. For this reason, during the making process they are often mixed with additives (添加剂) to better preserve the finished products.
Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third-generation inheritor(继承人) of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot(吉祥物) shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons(偶像) are popular with young people.
Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Few young people are willing to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.
1. What is special about Dough Figurine Lang
A. It reflects Beijing’s culture.
B. It is created by many famous artists.
C. It shows people’s lifestyles and beliefs.
D. It is popular with both tourists and the locals.
2. Why do artisans add additives to dough figurines
A. To make dough figurines taste good
B. To keep colors brighter and lasting longer
C. To help shape dough into various forms.
D. To better preserve the finished products
3. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. Suggestions for other folk artisans.
B. Different art styles of dough figurines.
C. Lang Jiaziyu’s accomplishments as an artisan
D. The popularity of modern dough figurines
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To call on people to master a skill.
B. To appeal to people to value this folk art.
C. To teach people ways to appreciate the handicraft.
D. To persuade people to protect national cultural heritage.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国非物质文化遗产手工艺：面塑。文章主要介绍了其起源以及形式。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing’s Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city.(在各种面人艺术风格中，北京面人郎是一种独特的民间艺术，它充满了首都的悠久历史和风土人情。)”可知，面人郎展现了北京的文化。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For this reason, during the making process they are often mixed with additives(添加剂) to better preserve the finished products.(因此，在制作过程中，它们经常与添加剂混合，以更好地保存成品。)”可知，混合添加剂是为了保存成品。故选D项。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third-generation inheritor (继承人) of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot (吉祥物) shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons (偶像) are popular with young people.(郎佳子彧 ，1995年出生，是面人郎的第三代传承人。15岁时，他制作了北京奥运会吉祥物面塑人偶，受到好评。他看起来比其他民间手艺人要时髦一些。在他熟练的手中，流行文化偶像受到年轻人的欢迎。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了郎佳子彧作为手艺人的成就。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文并结合最后一段中的“Few young people are willing to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.(很少有年轻人愿意花时间去掌握一项不赚钱的技能，这导致了专注于手工艺的人的数量下降。好的手工艺品需要一代又一代工匠的奉献。)”可知，本文主要介绍了面塑这一中国非物质文化遗产，并在最后指出如今很少有年轻人愿意花时间掌握一项不赚钱的技能，这导致了手工艺人数下降，但优秀的手工艺品需要一代代工匠的努力。由此可推测出，作者想要呼吁人们能更加重视这一民间艺术。故选B项。
Passage 7 对土著语言和文化遗产的保护
(23-24高二上·福建厦门·期末)When I first met Nao Junior, he was in his 40s and one of only nine members of his Indigenous(土著的) group, Great Andamanese, who still spoke the idiom of his ancestors. As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages. I was on the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers.
Words in this language consisted of two classes: free and bound. The free words were all nouns that referred to the environment and its inhabitants, such as ra for “pig”. They could occur alone. The bound words were nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that always existed with markers indicating a relation to other objects, events or states. The markers came from seven zones of the body and were attached to a root word to describe concepts such as “inside”, “outside”, “upper” and “lower”. For example, the morpheme(词素) er-, which qualified most anything having to do with an outer body part, could be stuck to -cho to yield ercho, meaning “head”.
Just as a head, a bound word, could not conceptually exist on its own, the mode and effect of an action could not be divided from the verb describing the action. Great Andamanese had no words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing, mainly with a bow and arrow. Thus, the root word shile, meaning “to aim”, had several versions: utshile, to aim from above; arashile, to aim from a distance; and eshile, aiming to make a hole with a sharp object.
The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm(宏观世界) reflects the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else.
1. What is the purpose of the author’s stay on the islands
A. To meet with an old friend. B. To teach Indigenous idioms.
C. To record an ancient language. D. To trace her ancestors.
2. “Aim at a pig’s head from afar” in Great Andamanese may be ______.
A. Arashile raercho B. Arashile ercho
C. Eshile ercho D. Eshile raercho
3. What can we infer from the verbs in Great Andamanese
A. A verb could describe more than one action. B. Some of the verbs could be used on their own.
C. The locals probably live off seafood and meat. D. The tools used in people’s daily life are diverse.
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Great Andamanese is the origin of multiple languages.
B. Great Andamanese is a doorway to the ancient wisdom.
C. Great Andamanese tells the development of the community.
D. Human body shapes Great Andamanese’s unique worldview.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过描述大安达曼人语言中的词汇分类、词根和词缀的组合方式，展现了这种语言背后蕴含的丰富文化和历史内涵。同时，强调了对土著语言和文化遗产的保护和重视的重要性。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages.I was on the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers.(作为一名语言专家，我研究了80多种印度语言。我在岛上记录土著居民的声音，直到他它们渐渐消失。)”可知，作者在岛上停留的目的是记录一种古老的语言。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“such as ra for “pig”(比如ra代表“猪”) ”和“ercho, meaning “head”(ercho意思是“头”) ”和第三段的“arashile, to aim from a distance(Arashile表示“从远处瞄准”)”可知，“Aim at a pig’s head from afar (从远处瞄准猪头)”在大安达曼语中对应的是Arashile raercho。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Great Andamanese had no words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing. (大安达曼人没有关于农业的词汇，但有很多关于狩猎和捕鱼的词汇。)”可知，当地人可能以海鲜和肉类为生。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm reflects the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else.(这些研究证实，这种语言的起源似乎真的很古老。在一个多阶段的发展过程中，描述不同身体部位的词语变成了指代不同区域的语素，并与实义词结合产生意义。这个结构本身就提供了一种对古代世界观的洞察，在这种世界观中，宏观世界反映了微观世界，所有存在或发生的事情都与其他事物不可分割地联系在一起。)”可知，本段主要讲的是通过研究大安达曼语可以发现古代的世界观，即打开古老智慧的大门。故选B。
Passage 8苏州家具展览
Classical Chinese furniture — a desk, a cabinet or any other fine piece of furniture and often out of precious wood —impresses us with its delicate shape. The secret of its graceful form is less visible and lies in its complicated sunmao(榫卯) system, which allows the various components to be assembled neatly without glue or nails.
Suzhou, a scenic and peaceful city in Jiangsu, a province long known for its wealth, developed its own tradition of classical furniture design over the centuries. Examples of the Suzhou-style furniture are currently on display as part of Oriental Wisdom in Sun Mao, a group exhibition at the Prince Kung’s Palace Museum in Beijing.
Running until Sunday, the show demonstrates the way that the complex sunmao technique has been used in making furniture, as well as the variations that developed in different parts of the country. Also on display are models of different kinds, as well as the components of two chairs, which are disassembled and laid out to give museum goers a clear view of the inner structure of classical furniture.
The Suzhou style flowered during the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644), and once dominated the market in Jiangnan, the southern region along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It integrated input from the intellectual class, who put their ideals regarding living spaces and spiritual harbors into its design. According to Xu Jianping, one of the inheritors of classical furniture design in the city, the Suzhou style presents beauty in the same delicate way the city does, and represents the life philosophy of its people to achieve “refinement through careful calculations”.
Guangzhou style furniture is normally made out of tropical hardwood, and its forms and decorative patterns show the influence of European furniture styles resulting from Guangzhou’s history as an international trade port. The Beijing style, which is more splendid, incorporates aesthetic (美学) and stylistic elements from both Suzhou and Guangzhou.
“While the Suzhou style is light in weight and elegant in outline, furniture in the Beijing style is more magnificent, as it used to be made for royalty and aristocracy.” Xu says. “Ultimately, people live with their furniture, so the principle of quality furniture is that it should be appropriate to the space.”
1. What is on display in the exhibition
A. The lifestyle in Sunzhou. B. The modern furniture in Suzhou.
C. The secret of sunmao system. D. The classical furniture in China.
2. What does the underlined word ”disassembled“ in paragraph 3 mean
A. taken apart B. broken up C. torn down D. given away
3. What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about
A. The beauty of the delicate city. B. The development of the Suzhou Style.
C. The influence of historical design ideas. D. The formation of the Suzhou life philosophy.
4. Why did the author mention Guangzhou and Beijing style furniture
A. To compare their differences. B. To evaluate the usage of furniture.
C. To express the way to display furniture. D. To illustrate the theory of furniture design.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了苏州家具展览——榫卯里的东方智慧。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The secret of its graceful form is less visible and lies in its complicated sunmao (榫卯) system, which allows the various components to be assembled neatly without glue or nails.(其优美造型的秘密不太明显，在于其复杂的“榫卯”系统，它可以让各种部件整齐地组装在一起，而不需要胶水或钉子)”以及第二段“Examples of the Suzhou-style furniture are currently on display as part of Oriental Wisdom in Sun Mao, a group exhibition at the Prince Kung’s Palace Museum in Beijing.(目前，苏州风格的家具作为“东方智慧”的一部分在北京故宫博物院的榫卯群展中展出)”可知，展览会上能了解榫卯结构的秘密。故选C。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“laid out to give museum goers a clear view of the inner structure of classical furniture(被陈列以便于为博物馆游客提供古典家具内部结构的清晰视图)”可知，这些椅子经过拆开和布置，使博物馆游客能够清晰地看到古典家具的内部结构，推测划线词意思是“拆开”。故选A。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The Suzhou style flowered during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), and once dominated the market in Jiangnan, the southern region along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It integrated input from the intellectual class, who put their ideals regarding living spaces and spiritual harbors into its design. According to Xu Jianping, one of the inheritors of classical furniture design in the city, the Suzhou style presents beauty in the same delicate way the city does, and represents the life philosophy of its people to achieve “refinement through careful calculations”.(苏式在明朝(1368-1644)期间繁盛，并一度主导了江南(长江下游的南部地区)的市场。它整合了知识分子阶层的意见，他们将自己对生活空间和精神港湾的理想融入到设计中。许建平是苏州古典家具设计的传承人之一，他认为苏州风格与城市一样，以精致的方式呈现美，代表了苏州人“精于算计”的生活哲学)”可知，第四段主要是告诉读者苏州风格的发展过程。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Guangzhou style furniture is normally made out of tropical hardwood, and its forms and decorative patterns show the influence of European furniture styles resulting from Guangzhou’s history as an international trade port. The Beijing style, which is more splendid, incorporates aesthetic (美学) and stylistic elements from both Suzhou and Guangzhou.(广州风格的家具通常由热带硬木制成，其形式和装饰图案显示了广州作为国际贸易港口的历史所造成的欧洲家具风格的影响。北京风格的建筑融合了苏州和广州的美学和风格元素，更为华丽)”以及第六段““While the Suzhou style is light in weight and elegant in outline, furniture in the Beijing style is more magnificent, as it used to be made for royalty and aristocracy.” Xu says. “Ultimately, people live with their furniture, so the principle of quality furniture is that it should be appropriate to the space.”(“苏州风格的家具重量轻，外形优雅，而北京风格的家具更为华丽，因为它过去是为皇室和贵族制作的。”许说。“最终，人们和他们的家具一起生活，所以高质量家具的原则是它应该适合空间。”)”可推知，作者提到广州和北京风格的家具是为了说明家具设计的理论。故选D。
Passage 9 “敦煌的女儿”的樊锦诗
(23-24高二上·广东汕头·期末)Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, Chinese archaeologist Fan Jinshi, 85, was awarded by UNESCO for her outstanding contribution to the protection of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves.
Fan Jinshi’s story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, was assigned to work at the Mogao Caves, a place she had been longing to explore. Though her father was concerned about her health and tried to get her reassigned to a different place, Fan boarded a train and headed to the remote west.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was absolutely breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize inside the caves is a world of exceptional beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and endless yellow earth,” Fan said. Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost cut off from the world. Fan and her coworkers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, trying whatever they could to protect and restore them. In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled (汇编) by Fan’s team was finally published, which was China’s first academic report on cave archaeology.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing murals (壁画) to blur (变模糊) and colors to fade. In 1980s, Fan got to know computer technology by accident. She realized this might be the chance to preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital database, allowing Dunhuang’s art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my entire life, I’ve only done one thing: safeguard and promote the world cultural heritage — the Mogao Caves,” she told People’s Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
1. What can we learn about Fan from the article
A. She is a woman with determination.
B. Her health was affected by her stressful work.
C. She began her work at the Mogao Caves at 23.
D. Her father supported her job from the very beginning.
2. What was Fan’s initial impression of Dunhuang
A. It was an amazing place.
B. The environment was terrible.
C. She was almost cut off from the world.
D. The work conditions were better than expected.
3. What pushed Fan to establish a digital database for the Mogao Caves
A. Her interest in computer technology.
B. Her desire to promote Chinese culture.
C. The need to document the restoration work.
D. The increasing threat to the physical caves.
4. What does Fan think of her work in Dunhuang
A. It has earned her recognition. B. It has been her lifelong calling.
C. It has promoted cultural exchange. D. It has inspired many young people.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了被称为“敦煌的女儿”的樊锦诗奉献一生保护敦煌莫高窟的经历。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Though her father was concerned about her health and tried to get her reassigned to a different place, Fan boarded a train and headed to the remote west. (尽管她的父亲担心她的健康，并试图让她重新安排到一个不同的地方，樊锦诗还是登上了火车，前往遥远的西部)”和第三段中“Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost cut off from the world. Fan and her coworkers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, trying whatever they could to protect and restore them. (在那些日子里，莫高窟几乎与世界隔绝。樊锦诗和她的同事不得不住在泥房子里，喝咸水。他们留在洞穴里做研究，尽其所能保护和恢复它们)”可知，虽然父亲不希望樊锦诗前往莫高窟工作，但她还是坚持自己的想法来到这里，在艰苦的环境中保护和修复这里的文物。由此推知，她是一个有决心的女人。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was absolutely breathtaking. (第一次看到敦煌绝对是激动人心的)”可知，樊锦诗初次见到敦煌时，认为这是一个神奇的地方。故选A项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing murals (壁画) to blur (变模糊) and colors to fade. In 1980s, Fan got to know computer technology by accident. She realized this might be the chance to preserve the Mogao Caves forever. (越来越多的游客参观敦煌可能会损害洞穴，导致壁画模糊和颜色褪色。20世纪80年代，樊锦诗偶然接触到计算机技术。她意识到这可能是永远保护莫高窟的机会)”可知，因为实体洞穴面临的威胁越来越大，樊锦诗建立了莫高窟的数字数据库。故选D项。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段““In my entire life, I’ve only done one thing: safeguard and promote the world cultural heritage — the Mogao Caves,” she told People’s Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.” (“在我的一生中，我只做了一件事：保护和推广世界文化遗产——莫高窟，”她在接受《人民日报》采访时表示。“我的心属于敦煌。”)”可知，樊锦诗认为在敦煌的工作是自己一生的使命。故选B项。
Passage 10 保护传统文化的方法
(23-24高二上·安徽黄山·期末)Cultural traditions shape who you are. Lear n more about your traditions and how you can preserve them by means of the followings.
Share your culture art.
Each culture is carried by different forms of art. Museums often house items like clothing, music instruments, and visual artworks. However, beyond these exhibits, there exist tools crafted by ancestors, which present the traditions through generations’ wisdom. 1
Attend or organize major events.
Your country, religious organizations, or immigrant ethnic groups almost certainly celebrate major holidays or cultural festivals. 2 If there aren’t any of those in your area, you can arrange your own events.
Cook family recipes.
Find some recipes from your grandmother’s cookbook. 3 As you knead dough (揉面) or follow the right amount of spices, you might remember meals from your childhood or holidays. Cooking your family recipes can help you inherit the family tradition and make it possibly passed down.
Promote your dialects(方言).
Language shapes culture to some degree. Therefore, promoting a dialect contributes to the protection of a certain culture. 4 So if you know one of them, help to spread it. With more and more people speaking, these dialects could be successfully preserved before they go extinct.
Spend time with other members of the community.
The best way to preserve your culture is to keep it alive. 5 Many aspects of culture are difficult to learn in books and museums, including body language, and humor. But you can get to the core (核心) of the cultural experience through daily communication.
A. Participate to get a broader view of your culture.
B. Culture helps people adapt to the world around them.
C. Smell and taste have powerful connections to memory.
D. Record your family tree with the help of family members.
E. Unfortunately, thousands of dialects are at risk of extinction.
F. Gather as a group not just for holidays, but for ordinary meals or just conversation.
G. The skills involved in shaping a stone tool represent one of the earliest cultural practices.
【答案】1. G 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了保护传统文化的方法。
1. 根据上文“Each culture is carried by different forms of art. Museums often house items like clothing, music instruments, and visual artworks. However, beyond these exhibits, there exist tools crafted by ancestors, which present the traditions through generations’ wisdom.(每种文化都由不同的艺术形式承载。博物馆通常收藏服装、乐器和视觉艺术品等物品。然而，在这些展品之外，还有祖先制作的工具，这些工具通过几代人的智慧展示了传统)”可知，本句承接上文，说明祖先制作工作的智慧的具体体现。故G选项“塑造石器的技巧代表了最早的文化实践之一”符合语境，故选G。
2. 根据上文“Your country, religious organizations, or immigrant ethnic groups almost certainly celebrate major holidays or cultural festivals.(你的国家、宗教组织或移民族群几乎肯定会庆祝重大节日或文化节)”可知，上文提到了庆祝重大节日或文化节，故本句承接上文，建议参加这些节日来了解文化。故A选项“参与进来，对你的文化有更广泛的了解”符合语境，故选A。
3. 根据上文“Find some recipes from your grandmother’s cookbook.(从你祖母的食谱中找一些食谱)”以及后文“As you knead dough (揉面) or follow the right amount of spices, you might remember meals from your childhood or holidays. Cooking your family recipes can help you inherit the family tradition and make it possibly passed down.(当你揉面团或按照正确的香料量，你可能会想起童年或假期的饭菜。烹饪你的家庭食谱可以帮助你继承家庭传统，并使它有可能传承下去)”可知，上文提到了找食谱，可推测本句主要说明从嗅觉和味觉中了解家庭传统，故C选项“嗅觉和味觉与记忆有很强的联系”符合语境，故选C。
4. 根据后文“So if you know one of them, help to spread it. With more and more people speaking, these dialects could be successfully preserved before they go extinct.(所以如果你知道其中一个，帮助传播它。随着越来越多的人说方言，这些方言可以在灭绝之前被成功地保存下来)”可知，后文提到了要帮助传播方言，说明方言正面临灭绝的危险。故E选项“不幸的是，成千上万的方言正面临灭绝的危险”符合语境，故选E。
5. 根据上文“The best way to preserve your culture is to keep it alive.(保护你的文化的最好方法就是让它活下去)”以及后文“Many aspects of culture are difficult to learn in books and museums, including body language, and humor. But you can get to the core (核心) of the cultural experience through daily communication.(文化的许多方面是很难在书本和博物馆里学到的，包括肢体语言和幽默。但是，通过日常交流，你可以找到文化体验的核心)”可知，本段的建议是通过与人接触来保护文化，且提到了日常交流，即和人聊天。故F选项“一群人聚在一起不只是为了度假，还可以一起吃饭或聊天”符合语境，故选F。
Passage 11文化习俗：赏灯
Chinese people have appreciated the beauty of lanterns for years. Like a lighthouse that lights up the way home, it is customary to admire the charm of lanterns during Lantern Festival and Mid -Autumn Festival. 1 .
Lantern shows are held throughout the country on such occasions. Yuyuan Lantern Show in Shanghai and Qinhuai Lantern Show in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu province, are two notable shows. 2 . On such occasions, ice sculptures create a fairy tale of light and color.
Mentioning Chinese lanterns would not be complete without mentioning a city in Southwest China’s Sichuan province, Zigong, often praised as the City of Lanterns. The custom of enjoying lanterns on festivals began in Zigong as early as the Tang Dynasty (618-907). 3 . To add to their beauty, Zigong artisans also use a variety of materials, such as silk, paper, bamboo, straw, cocoon and even porcelain.
Lantern production is now a driving force for the local economy, as most of large-scale lanterns used in festive shows are produced in Zigong. 4 . Visitors crowd into Zigong to enjoy lanterns, as well as a variety of other recreational activities.
The skillful hands of Zigong craftsmen have also taken this national intangible heritage abroad, staging views of color and delight at lantern shows in more than 70 countries and regions worldwide. 5 .
For the Chinese, lanterns have not only lit up the night, but also brightened hearts that long for home.
A. These two festivals celebrate the reunion
B. In Northeast China, shows are held on snow and ice
C. The technique of making Chinese lanterns is far from easy
D. Zigong Lantern Show is also a major attraction for the city’s tourism
E. Most Chinese lanterns are made with wire structures and fabric coverings
F. Chinese lantern shows are especially popular with people from home and abroad
G. The annual Zigong Lantern Shows are now a name card for their hometown as well as their motherland
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统文化习俗：赏灯。
1. 前一句“Like a lighthouse that lights up the way home, it is customary to admire the charm of lanterns during Lantern Festival and Mid -Autumn Festival.(就像灯塔照亮回家的路，人们习惯在元宵节和中秋节欣赏灯笼的魅力)”提到“在元宵节和中秋节，人们一般都要赏灯”，A项“这两个节日庆祝团圆”承接上一句，these two festivals指代Lantern Festival and Mid -Autumn Festival。故选A。
2. 前文“Lantern shows are held throughout the country on such occasions. Yuyuan Lantern Show in Shanghai and Qinhuai Lantern Show in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu province, are two notable shows.(在这种场合，全国各地都会举行灯展。上海豫园灯展和中国东部江苏省南京市秦淮灯展是两个著名的灯展)”讲述了各地的灯展，列举了上海豫园和南京秦淮灯展，B项“在东北，节目都是在冰雪上举行的”符号语境，继续举例说明灯展的举行，与下一句“On such occasions, ice sculptures create a fairy tale of light and color.(在这样的场合，冰雕用灯光和色彩创造了一个五彩缤纷的童话世界)”构成逻辑上的承接关系。故选B。
3. 下文“To add to their beauty, Zigong artisans also use a variety of materials, such as silk, paper, bamboo, straw, cocoon and even porcelain.(了增加它们的美感，自贡工匠还使用各种材料，如丝绸，纸，竹子，稻草，蚕茧甚至瓷器)”陈述了制作彩灯的材料，E项“大多数中国灯笼都是用金属丝和织物做成的”符合语境，说明了传统彩灯的制作材料，下一句进一步突出自贡彩灯在传统工艺的基础上又使用了一些其他的材料来增加美感。故选E。
4. 上文“Lantern production is now a driving force for the local economy, as most of large-scale lanterns used in festive shows are produced in Zigong.(灯笼制作现在是当地经济的推动力，因为节日表演中使用的大多数大型灯笼都是自贡生产的)”说明了自贡的灯笼制作业推断了经济，下文“Visitors crowd into Zigong to enjoy lanterns, as well as a variety of other recreational activities.(游客涌入自贡赏花灯，以及各种其他娱乐活动)”讲述了自贡的花灯，因此推断D项“自贡灯展也是该市旅游的一大亮点”符合语境，呈上启下，说明了自贡的灯笼制作很好，自贡彩灯节是本市的一个旅游亮点，游客涌入自贡赏灯。故选D。
5. 前一句“The skillful hands of Zigong craftsmen have also taken this national intangible heritage abroad, staging views of color and delight at lantern shows in more than 70 countries and regions worldwide.(自贡工匠的巧手也将这一国家级非物质遗产带到了国外，在全球70多个国家和地区的灯展上展示了色彩和欢乐的景象)”提到自贡的彩灯秀已经被带到了国外，G项“一年一度的自贡灯会现在已经成为他们家乡和祖国的名片”符合语境，说明自贡彩灯秀也成为本市和祖国的一张名片与前文是递进关系。故选G。
Passage 12献身于敦煌莫高窟的“范进士”
Fan Jinshi, known as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, has made protecting and researching Mogao Grottoes her lifelong passion.
In July 1963, shortly after graduating from Peking University, Fan made her way to Dunhuang without 1 to serve the nation. The living conditions there were extremely 2 with no fresh water or electricity, only oil lamps and earthen beds. Besides, she felt 3 as the newspapers were probably a month ago. The thought of leaving 4 through her mind, but seeing the 5 view in the caves, she took roots there.
To protect the treasure, Fan and her colleagues put doors on the caves, planted trees and started monitoring temperature in the caves. Mogao Grottoes took on a new look 6 their efforts.
In 1979, Mogao Grottoes were 7 opened to tourists. Since 2000, visits to Dunhuang have 8 for the extended holidays, causing some murals(壁画) to become seriously damaged or even disappear. Faced 9 this, Fan decided to take responsibility for the caves, striking a balance between heritage protection and 10 .She 11 the idea of digitizing Dunhuang to permanently preserve the murals, painted cultures and historical data. In 2016 Digital Dunhuang was 12 online, enabling people around the world to enjoy clear images of the caves. 13 , Fan actively promoted international exchanges and partnerships for the popularization of Mogao Grottoes.
In December 2018, Fan was awarded the 14 “Reform Pioneer” by the nation. This May, Fan donated 10 million yuan to Peking University to promote the study of Dunhuang. Now the 85-year-old Fan Jinshi is as busy as 15 , still toiling(辛苦) to conserve and manage the caves.
1. A. idea B. plan C. hesitation D. schedule
2. A. unhealthy B. tough C. pessimistic D. negative
3. A. delayed B. disturbed C. defeated D. disconnected
4. A. glanced B. flashed C. hit D. happened
5. A. peaceful B. interesting C. breathtaking D. flexible
6. A. in spite of B. in terms of C. on behalf of D. on account of
7. A. officially B. exactly C. eventually D. especially
8. A. rocketed B. aroused C. raised D. inspired
9. A. over B. to C. upon D. with
10. A. research B. rescue C. tourism D. improvement
11. A. looked out for B. came up with C. took charge of D. made up for
12. A. updated B. loaded C. referred D. launched
13. A. Meantime B. However C. Therefore D. Altogether
14. A. title B. image C. feature D. outcome
15. A. never B. then C. ever D. still
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. C
11. B 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
单元引言解读
A concerted effort to preserve our heritage is a vital link to our cultural, educational aesthetic, inspirational, and economic legacies.
--Steve Berry
释义：同心协力保护遗产对于我们的文化、教育、美学、精神和经济遗产而言，是至关重要的一环。
——史蒂夫·贝里
启示：该句出自美国作家史蒂夫·贝里的文章《为什么保存历史很重要》(“Why Preserving History Matters”)，意在说明保护遗产的重要性。
名句积累 1. The true wealth of a nation lies in its cultural heritage and its preservation for posterity. 一个国家真正的财富在于其文化遗产及其对后代的保护。 2. "Our cultural heritage is an invaluable legacy that connects the past with the present and bridges understanding between generations." --UNESCO Statement 我们的文化遗产是一项无价的遗产，它连接过去与现在，架起各代人之间理解的桥梁。 3. "Cultural heritage is a bridge between history and the future, a link from one generation to the next." --Richard Moe, Former President of the National Trust for Historic Preservation (文化遗产是历史与未来之间的桥梁，是连接一代与下一代的纽带。 4. "Cultural heritage is not only a record of the past but also a living, dynamic expression of identity that must be safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations." --Irina Bokova, Former Director-General of UNESCO 文化遗产不仅是过去记录的载体，更是表达身份的鲜活、动态表现，我们必须为了当代和后代的利益对其进行保护。 5. "What we have inherited from our forefathers let us pass on to our children undiminished in quantity and undimmed in quality." --Roman Statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero 祖先留给我们的一切，让我们在数量上不减，在质量上不损地传给我们的子孙后代。 6. "Culture is the widening of the mind and of the spirit. When this widening process ceases, there comes death. The eternal life of man is cultural heritage." --Jawaharlal Nehru 文化是对心灵和精神的拓宽。当这一拓宽的过程停止时，便是死亡的到来。人类的永恒生命即在于文化遗产。
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”“人与社会”，话题是“遗产保护”，涉及的语篇类型有视频、讲座文稿、博客文章、社论、杂志文章和海报等。本单元的教学旨在引导学生充分认识世界遗产的意义和价值，增强保护世界遗产的意识，自觉宣传世界遗产保护，践行遗产保护的理念，意识到保护世界遗产的重要性——有利于坚定文化自信、促进文明发展、推动文明交流互鉴，有利于夯实共建人类命运共同体的人文基础。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“遗产保护”这一话题的多个层面。Welcometo the unit板块通过一段视频介绍三种不同类型的世界遗产，围绕世界遗产展开讨论，激发学生对本单元话题的学习兴趣；Reading板块是一篇关于世界遗产面临危险的讲座文稿，重点介绍世界遗产遭受威胁的原因及其影响；Grammar and usage 板块通过“拯救埃及古庙”这一话题来创设情境，要求学生在此情境中探究同位语从句的语法规则，并在具体语境中恰当运用；Integrated skills板块通过一系列听、读、说、写的活动，培养学生的语言技能，提升学科素养，帮助学生理解保护世界遗产的重要性；Extended reading 板块介绍了丝绸之路的地理风貌、历史渊源及其在经济贸易、文化交流等领域的重大作用；Project板块要求学生通过合作学习和探究学习，制作一张关于联合国教科文组织世界遗产地的海报；Assessment 板块引导学生运用元认知策略进行阶段性反思和总结，要求学生通过回答问题的形式，分析存在的问题并制订针对性的解决方案；Further study 板块指导学生运用资源策略，通过浏览联合国教科文组织关于遗产保护的网页和阅读关于丝绸之路的书籍，就“遗产保护”这一话题进行自主，深入的探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
(1)原因及目的
①in order to/so as to 为了……
②in order that/so that 为了……
③for/with the purpose of 为了……
④the reason for ……的原因
(2)提议及要求
①propose vt.建议,提议
②be supposed to 应该
③put an end to 结束……
④protect/preserve...from... 保护……免受……
(3)呼吁及希望
①take action 采取行动
②take measures/steps 采取措施
③appeal/make an appeal to people to do sth. 呼吁人们做某事
句式整理
(1)段首句
①In order to create a good network environment, I propose that everyone should be a civilized netizen.
为了创造一个良好的网络环境,我建议每个人都应该做一个文明的网民。
②In order to raise the awareness of environmntal protection and make our campus more beautiful, we put forward the following suggestions to teachers and students.
为了提高环保意识,使我们的校园更加美丽,我们向老师和同学们提出以下建议。
③The reasons for this are as follows.
原因如下。
(2)主体段落句
①Being addicted to computer games does great harm to our life and study.沉迷于电脑游戏对我们的生活和学习有很大的危害。
②Destroying the environment will bring about disastrous outcomes sooner or later.
破坏环境迟早会带来灾难性的后果。
③It’s our duty to save energy and protect the environment.
节约能源、保护环境是我们的责任。
④It’s obvious that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.很明显,利大于弊。
⑤It is of great benefit to us.这对我们有很大的好处。
(3)段尾句
①It is high time that we took action.
我们该采取行动了。
②I appeal to everyone to contribute to environmental protection.
我呼吁每个人都为环境保护做出贡献。
③It is hoped that you will join in the action.
希望你能加入到行动中来。
拓展阅读精练
阅读微技能---概括段落大意的方法 1.概括段落大意时,先弄清每句话的意思,然后进行比较,看看哪些是主要的,哪些是次要的,最后围绕主要的用一两句话概括出来。 2.概括段意时应做到言简意明,不能啰哩啰嗦,说个没完。什么是准确呢 就是抓住段落的实质,不要偏离段落的主要内容。 第一,段意应该是一段文章中的主要内容,而不应该是思想内容的概括。 第二,段意一般用陈述句表达。每段段意连起来应当反映出全篇文章的主要内容。 第三,认真读懂段落的主要内容,理解句与句、层与层之间的关系才能抓住段落的主要内容,准确地概括出段落大意。 3.具体方法如下: (1)摘录中心法。总分关系以及先概括后具体构成的段落,只要找准中心句,就可以把段意概括出来了。 (2)层义归并法。并列关系、承接关系构成的段落,先把段落中每层的意思概括出来,然后把这些层义归并成段意。 (3)取主舍次法。承接关系构成的段落,先弄清每层的意思,然后把每层的意思进行比较,看看哪层意思是主要的,哪层意思是次要的,最后取主舍次概括段意。
Passage 1 三个重大文化事件
(23-24高三下·湖南长沙·开学考试)The year 2023 witnessed the occurrence of significant cultural events, with culture and tourism becoming even more closely connected. Let’s review the major cultural events of 2023 as we bid farewell to the year and embrace the new year of 2024!
Museum visits rise in popularity in summer
Tourists were seen queuing for long hours in front of museums and obtaining entrance tickets became more challenging. In response to the growing demand, 46 museums in Beijing canceled their customary Monday closures and remained open daily until August 31. The rise in “museum fever” can be credited to various factors, including the public’s increasing enthusiasm for traditional Chinese culture, the booming market for youth educational tours and summer camps, as well as the continuous innovation of museums.
Old tea forests in Pu’er win World Heritage Site title
The newly named heritage site, located in Lancang Lahu autonomous county in Pu’er, Yunnan province, consists of five large-scale, well-preserved old tea forests, which stand 1,250 to 1,500 meters above the sea level, three protective barrier forests, and nine ancient villages in the old tea forests, which are mainly inhabited by Blang and Dai ethnic groups. The cultural landscape was jointly created by the ancestors of the Blang people—who immigrated to the Jingmai Mountain in the 10th century AD and later discovered and domesticated wild tea trees—and the native Dai people.
Protection plan released for Beijing’s Central Axis
The plan is said to be one of the necessary steps toward bidding for UNESCO World Heritage status. Alongside regulations on the protection of the Central Axis carried out earlier, the plan is in line with the requirements of World Heritage conservation. The 21 member countries of the World Heritage Committee will decide on whether Beijing’s Central Axis can be added to the World Heritage List at the committee’s 46th annual conference in 2024. If the application succeeds, it will reinforce Beijing’s top position among cities worldwide by number of World Heritage Sites.
1. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the rise in “museum fever”
A. Museums’ ceaseless innovation.
B. The constant innovation of summer camps.
C. The growing market for youth educational tours.
D. People’s growing passion for traditional Chinese culture.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the cultural events
A. 46 museums in Beijing stayed open all year round.
B. The Blang people are the natives in Jingmai Mountain.
C. The heritage site in Pu’er consists of four large old tea forests.
D. Beijing’s Central Axis hasn’t been added to the World Heritage List yet.
3. In which magazine would a reader most likely find this text
A. Wonders of the Natural World B. Scientific Exploration
C. Chinese Culture Research D. Art and Architecture
Passage 2 莫高窟文物的修复工作
(23-24高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期末)It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind.
The team is committed to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which lasts about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and chipping, as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and moisture of the caves, and the settlings of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder, restorers should know painting, master the skills of craft and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the current situation of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su. “When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,” Su says. But at least, they can keep the current look of the murals for as long as possible.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The popularity of Dunhuang murals.
B. The history of the ancient Silk Road.
C. The ways of protecting cultural heritage.
D. The significance of the restoration work.
2. How does the author feel the restoration work
A. Creative. B. Rewarding. C. Interesting. D. Demanding.
3. What can we know about restoring murals from Su in paragraph 4
A. It is advised to keep its current state.
B. It is important to pursue its intact look.
C. Its missing parts should be fixed in time.
D. Restorers can repaint to perfect its appearance.
4. Which can be the best title for the text
A. The Significance of Mural Preservation
B. The Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture
C. The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves
D. The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation
Passage 3大运河的发展历史和意义
(23-24高二上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末)The Grand Canal, a large waterway that first connected north and south China over 1400 years ago, is shorter than it once was, but it is still the longest man-made river in the world.
The original Canal system began around the year 605. China’s emperor realized that he needed a better way to feed his army. Specifically, he needed a way to move food quickly from China’s southern rice-growing region to the country’s north. Thus, he spent 6 years on construction of the first section of the Grand Canal, connecting existing canals, lakes and rivers. However, by 1127, parts had begun to worsen. In 1279, Kublai Khan began to repair and create a more direct north-south route to and from Beijing.
The Grand Canal was also an important cultural channel. Soldiers, merchants and artists transported ideas, regional foods and cultural practices from one part of China to another. It is said that Peking duck and the Pecking opera were both brought north via the canal. Even today, the country’s watery highway plays an important economic role in China. In addition, local governments, eager to increase tourism and real estate (房地产) development, are beautifying areas along the Canal.
This development comes at a price, though. In Yangzhou, the city government has torn down almost all of the older Canal-side buildings. Farther south in the cities of Zhenjiang, Wuxi and Hangzhou, the situation is similar. “Traditionally, we talk about eighteen main cities on the Grand Canal, and each had something unique and special about it.” explains Zhou Xihua, the director of the Grand Canal museum. “But now many of these cities are all the same: a thousand people with one face.”
In 2005 a group of citizens proposed that the historic Grand Canal be made a UNESCO world heritage site. The status would protect both the waterway and architecture around it. “Every generation wants the next generation to understand it, to look at its monuments.” said Zhu Bingren, an artist who cowrote this proposal. UNESCO status was officially granted in 2014. The hope now is that the grand Canal, one of the world’s great engineering accomplishments, will continue to link north and south China for centuries to come.
1. Why was the Grand Canal originally built
A. To allow his army to move more quickly.
B. To transport food from the south to the north.
C. To enable people to visit remote parts of China.
D. To promote the cultural and traditional diversity.
2. What is not true about the Grand Canal
A. It is the longest man-made river in the world.
B. It orginally complete construction in the year 611.
C. Its original north-south route is to and from Beijing.
D. It allowed Peking duck and the Peking opera to spread.
3. What is the underline sentence meaning in paragaph 4
A. Developing the canal involves spending a lot of money.
B. Even after spending money, people dislike the development.
C. Developing it is more expensive than one can imagine.
D. There are some negative consequences to this development.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The history of the Grand Canal. B. The introduction of the Grand Canal.
C. The construction of the Grand Canal. D. The proection of the Grand Canal.
Passage 4巴基斯坦的世界遗产门佐达罗
One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan as the country battles the worst floods in its history.
Moenjodaro, a World Heritage site in the Indus River valley 508 kilometers (316 miles) from Karachi, was built in the Bronze Age, some 5,000 years ago. “Unfortunately we witnessed the mass destruction at the site,” reads a letter from the Cultural, Tourism & Antiquities Department of Singh state sent to UNESCO and signed by director Ihsan Ali Abbasi and architect Naveed Ahmed Sangah. The letter adds the site was being used as temporary accommodation for surrounding residents whose own homes had flooded.
Moenjodaro’s significance can’t be underestimated when it was added to UNESCO’s register in 1980, the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “bears exceptional proof to the Indus civilization,” comprising “the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent”.
The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken to mitigate the flood damage, like bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork. But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough.
Abbasi and Sangah ended their letter by asking for 100 million Pakistani rupees ($45 million) to cover the costs of full repairs. UNESCO has responded to the request for help, allocating $350,000 from its emergency fund for damaged historic sites in Pakistan during UN Secretary General António Guterres’s visit to the flood-stricken country this week.
The funds will go to Moenjodaro and other sites including the Amri Museum. While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites, it will pay for urgent work while UNESCO and local organization consider the best way forward. Sadly, the conservators of Moenjodaro have known for some time that flooding could bring a serious risk to the site.
In their letter, Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger, which the preservation body updates periodically to highlight historic places that are at severe risk of ruin.
1. What makes Moenjodaro special to Pakistan
A. The geographic feature it bears.
B. The role it played in fighting floods.
C. The mass destruction it suffered in history.
D. The value it holds in history and architecture.
2. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Reduce. B. Suffer. C. Avoid. D. Assess.
3. Which best describes the situation of the repair work made so far
A. Creative. B. Worrying. C. Impractical. D. Satisfactory.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Pakistan’s Deadly Floods Causing Widespread Damage
B. Moenjodaro Calling for Attention to Its Severe Damage
C. Moenjodaro Added to the List of UNESCO Sites in Danger
D. Pakistan UNESCO Site Moenjodaro Badly Damaged by Flooding
Passage 5 持续监测
(23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期中)Cultural heritage sites are a nonrenewable resource. Today architectural heritage sites are being destroyed at an alarming rate. They’re threatened by rising seas, pollution, overtourism, conflicts and so on. Recently, Notre Dame Cathedral has attracted international attention.
Since its main construction from 1163 to 1350, Notre Dame Cathedral repeatedly has been damaged and repaired. On April 15, 2019, the landmark’s roof caught fire, causing the collapse of its spire (尖顶) and upper walls severely damaged. Work on the site began quickly. Through the work of photographer Tomas van Houtryve, writer Robert Kunzig, and artist Fernando Baptista, people will see restoring scenes where ruins are cleared and statues saved. Even the COVID-19 pandemic caused only a two-month delay. Architects have said the expensive project is on track to be completed in 2024.
And thorny questions arise. What duty do we owe the creations of our ancestors What lesson can we draw from their presence
Humankind has answered that differently. In Dresden, Germany, the Frauenkirche, an 18th-century baroque church, was famous for its bell-shaped dome (穹顶). In February 1945, one of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War II reduced the city to ruins. After German reunion, the church was reconstructed using many of its original stones, as a symbol of peace and harmony. Berlin’s Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church also fell to bombing but had a different story. Its spire has been left a ruin on purpose to be a “warning monument” against war and destruction.
Like the Frauenkirche, Notre Dame is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before, including using the original, toxic metal — lead (铅) — for the roof, causing the debate about how to restore and maintain historic buildings. Actually, no one claims to have the “right” answers on preservation; there may not even be right answers. What people could do is to continuously monitor the global care of cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past, present, and future.
1. What do we know about Notre Dame Cathedral
A. It was once threatened by conflicts.
B. It collapsed totally during a fire decade ago.
C. It has undergone repeated repairs since 1163.
D. It was not influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
2. What does the underlined word “thorny” mean
A. Simple. B. Tough. C. Accurate. D. Attractive.
3. Why are the Frauenkirche and Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church mentioned in para.4
A. To remind people the value of peace and harmony.
B. To warn people the influence of war and destruction.
C. To demonstrate different solutions to heritage site preservation.
D. To introduce reconstruction methods such as using original materials.
4. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Cultural heritage sites are nonrenewable so that they are worth protecting.
B. Notre Dame Cathedral has been the most attractive heritage site globally.
C. The reconstruction of cultural heritage sites seldom causes disagreements.
D. The reconstruction of Notre Dame Cathedral after fire has been completed.
Passage 6面塑
Chinese people love food made of flour. In the hands of skilled artisans(手艺人), flour is made into lovely models of people or animals to be enjoyed and played with, which brings a unique kind of pleasure. This art form is called dough figurine(面塑). Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing’s Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city. In 2008, it was included in the list of national intangible(非物质的) cultural heritage.
It was created by Lang Shao’an. Most of the dough figurines are animals and characters from legends, historical stories, and local operas. The finished product is either put at the end of a thin stick or on a table for display. Some are mostly for children to eat or play with, with simple forms and vivid decorations, while some are fine pieces of artwork for display only. For this reason, during the making process they are often mixed with additives (添加剂) to better preserve the finished products.
Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third-generation inheritor(继承人) of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot(吉祥物) shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons(偶像) are popular with young people.
Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Few young people are willing to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.
1. What is special about Dough Figurine Lang
A. It reflects Beijing’s culture.
B. It is created by many famous artists.
C. It shows people’s lifestyles and beliefs.
D. It is popular with both tourists and the locals.
2. Why do artisans add additives to dough figurines
A. To make dough figurines taste good
B. To keep colors brighter and lasting longer
C. To help shape dough into various forms.
D. To better preserve the finished products
3. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. Suggestions for other folk artisans.
B. Different art styles of dough figurines.
C. Lang Jiaziyu’s accomplishments as an artisan
D. The popularity of modern dough figurines
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To call on people to master a skill.
B. To appeal to people to value this folk art.
C. To teach people ways to appreciate the handicraft.
D. To persuade people to protect national cultural heritage.
Passage 7 对土著语言和文化遗产的保护
(23-24高二上·福建厦门·期末)When I first met Nao Junior, he was in his 40s and one of only nine members of his Indigenous(土著的) group, Great Andamanese, who still spoke the idiom of his ancestors. As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages. I was on the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers.
Words in this language consisted of two classes: free and bound. The free words were all nouns that referred to the environment and its inhabitants, such as ra for “pig”. They could occur alone. The bound words were nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that always existed with markers indicating a relation to other objects, events or states. The markers came from seven zones of the body and were attached to a root word to describe concepts such as “inside”, “outside”, “upper” and “lower”. For example, the morpheme(词素) er-, which qualified most anything having to do with an outer body part, could be stuck to -cho to yield ercho, meaning “head”.
Just as a head, a bound word, could not conceptually exist on its own, the mode and effect of an action could not be divided from the verb describing the action. Great Andamanese had no words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing, mainly with a bow and arrow. Thus, the root word shile, meaning “to aim”, had several versions: utshile, to aim from above; arashile, to aim from a distance; and eshile, aiming to make a hole with a sharp object.
The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm(宏观世界) reflects the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else.
1. What is the purpose of the author’s stay on the islands
A. To meet with an old friend. B. To teach Indigenous idioms.
C. To record an ancient language. D. To trace her ancestors.
2. “Aim at a pig’s head from afar” in Great Andamanese may be ______.
A. Arashile raercho B. Arashile ercho
C. Eshile ercho D. Eshile raercho
3. What can we infer from the verbs in Great Andamanese
A. A verb could describe more than one action. B. Some of the verbs could be used on their own.
C. The locals probably live off seafood and meat. D. The tools used in people’s daily life are diverse.
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Great Andamanese is the origin of multiple languages.
B. Great Andamanese is a doorway to the ancient wisdom.
C. Great Andamanese tells the development of the community.
D. Human body shapes Great Andamanese’s unique worldview.
Passage 8苏州家具展览
Classical Chinese furniture — a desk, a cabinet or any other fine piece of furniture and often out of precious wood —impresses us with its delicate shape. The secret of its graceful form is less visible and lies in its complicated sunmao(榫卯) system, which allows the various components to be assembled neatly without glue or nails.
Suzhou, a scenic and peaceful city in Jiangsu, a province long known for its wealth, developed its own tradition of classical furniture design over the centuries. Examples of the Suzhou-style furniture are currently on display as part of Oriental Wisdom in Sun Mao, a group exhibition at the Prince Kung’s Palace Museum in Beijing.
Running until Sunday, the show demonstrates the way that the complex sunmao technique has been used in making furniture, as well as the variations that developed in different parts of the country. Also on display are models of different kinds, as well as the components of two chairs, which are disassembled and laid out to give museum goers a clear view of the inner structure of classical furniture.
The Suzhou style flowered during the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644), and once dominated the market in Jiangnan, the southern region along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It integrated input from the intellectual class, who put their ideals regarding living spaces and spiritual harbors into its design. According to Xu Jianping, one of the inheritors of classical furniture design in the city, the Suzhou style presents beauty in the same delicate way the city does, and represents the life philosophy of its people to achieve “refinement through careful calculations”.
Guangzhou style furniture is normally made out of tropical hardwood, and its forms and decorative patterns show the influence of European furniture styles resulting from Guangzhou’s history as an international trade port. The Beijing style, which is more splendid, incorporates aesthetic (美学) and stylistic elements from both Suzhou and Guangzhou.
“While the Suzhou style is light in weight and elegant in outline, furniture in the Beijing style is more magnificent, as it used to be made for royalty and aristocracy.” Xu says. “Ultimately, people live with their furniture, so the principle of quality furniture is that it should be appropriate to the space.”
1. What is on display in the exhibition
A. The lifestyle in Sunzhou. B. The modern furniture in Suzhou.
C. The secret of sunmao system. D. The classical furniture in China.
2. What does the underlined word ”disassembled“ in paragraph 3 mean
A. taken apart B. broken up C. torn down D. given away
3. What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about
A. The beauty of the delicate city. B. The development of the Suzhou Style.
C. The influence of historical design ideas. D. The formation of the Suzhou life philosophy.
4. Why did the author mention Guangzhou and Beijing style furniture
A. To compare their differences. B. To evaluate the usage of furniture.
C. To express the way to display furniture. D. To illustrate the theory of furniture design.
Passage 9 “敦煌的女儿”的樊锦诗
(23-24高二上·广东汕头·期末)Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, Chinese archaeologist Fan Jinshi, 85, was awarded by UNESCO for her outstanding contribution to the protection of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves.
Fan Jinshi’s story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, was assigned to work at the Mogao Caves, a place she had been longing to explore. Though her father was concerned about her health and tried to get her reassigned to a different place, Fan boarded a train and headed to the remote west.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was absolutely breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize inside the caves is a world of exceptional beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and endless yellow earth,” Fan said. Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost cut off from the world. Fan and her coworkers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, trying whatever they could to protect and restore them. In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled (汇编) by Fan’s team was finally published, which was China’s first academic report on cave archaeology.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing murals (壁画) to blur (变模糊) and colors to fade. In 1980s, Fan got to know computer technology by accident. She realized this might be the chance to preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital database, allowing Dunhuang’s art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my entire life, I’ve only done one thing: safeguard and promote the world cultural heritage — the Mogao Caves,” she told People’s Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
1. What can we learn about Fan from the article
A. She is a woman with determination.
B. Her health was affected by her stressful work.
C. She began her work at the Mogao Caves at 23.
D. Her father supported her job from the very beginning.
2. What was Fan’s initial impression of Dunhuang
A. It was an amazing place.
B. The environment was terrible.
C. She was almost cut off from the world.
D. The work conditions were better than expected.
3. What pushed Fan to establish a digital database for the Mogao Caves
A. Her interest in computer technology.
B. Her desire to promote Chinese culture.
C. The need to document the restoration work.
D. The increasing threat to the physical caves.
4. What does Fan think of her work in Dunhuang
A. It has earned her recognition. B. It has been her lifelong calling.
C. It has promoted cultural exchange. D. It has inspired many young people.
Passage 10 保护传统文化的方法
(23-24高二上·安徽黄山·期末)Cultural traditions shape who you are. Lear n more about your traditions and how you can preserve them by means of the followings.
Share your culture art.
Each culture is carried by different forms of art. Museums often house items like clothing, music instruments, and visual artworks. However, beyond these exhibits, there exist tools crafted by ancestors, which present the traditions through generations’ wisdom. 1
Attend or organize major events.
Your country, religious organizations, or immigrant ethnic groups almost certainly celebrate major holidays or cultural festivals. 2 If there aren’t any of those in your area, you can arrange your own events.
Cook family recipes.
Find some recipes from your grandmother’s cookbook. 3 As you knead dough (揉面) or follow the right amount of spices, you might remember meals from your childhood or holidays. Cooking your family recipes can help you inherit the family tradition and make it possibly passed down.
Promote your dialects(方言).
Language shapes culture to some degree. Therefore, promoting a dialect contributes to the protection of a certain culture. 4 So if you know one of them, help to spread it. With more and more people speaking, these dialects could be successfully preserved before they go extinct.
Spend time with other members of the community.
The best way to preserve your culture is to keep it alive. 5 Many aspects of culture are difficult to learn in books and museums, including body language, and humor. But you can get to the core (核心) of the cultural experience through daily communication.
A. Participate to get a broader view of your culture.
B. Culture helps people adapt to the world around them.
C. Smell and taste have powerful connections to memory.
D. Record your family tree with the help of family members.
E. Unfortunately, thousands of dialects are at risk of extinction.
F. Gather as a group not just for holidays, but for ordinary meals or just conversation.
G. The skills involved in shaping a stone tool represent one of the earliest cultural practices.
Passage 11文化习俗：赏灯
Chinese people have appreciated the beauty of lanterns for years. Like a lighthouse that lights up the way home, it is customary to admire the charm of lanterns during Lantern Festival and Mid -Autumn Festival. 1 .
Lantern shows are held throughout the country on such occasions. Yuyuan Lantern Show in Shanghai and Qinhuai Lantern Show in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu province, are two notable shows. 2 . On such occasions, ice sculptures create a fairy tale of light and color.
Mentioning Chinese lanterns would not be complete without mentioning a city in Southwest China’s Sichuan province, Zigong, often praised as the City of Lanterns. The custom of enjoying lanterns on festivals began in Zigong as early as the Tang Dynasty (618-907). 3 . To add to their beauty, Zigong artisans also use a variety of materials, such as silk, paper, bamboo, straw, cocoon and even porcelain.
Lantern production is now a driving force for the local economy, as most of large-scale lanterns used in festive shows are produced in Zigong. 4 . Visitors crowd into Zigong to enjoy lanterns, as well as a variety of other recreational activities.
The skillful hands of Zigong craftsmen have also taken this national intangible heritage abroad, staging views of color and delight at lantern shows in more than 70 countries and regions worldwide. 5 .
For the Chinese, lanterns have not only lit up the night, but also brightened hearts that long for home.
A. These two festivals celebrate the reunion
B. In Northeast China, shows are held on snow and ice
C. The technique of making Chinese lanterns is far from easy
D. Zigong Lantern Show is also a major attraction for the city’s tourism
E. Most Chinese lanterns are made with wire structures and fabric coverings
F. Chinese lantern shows are especially popular with people from home and abroad
G. The annual Zigong Lantern Shows are now a name card for their hometown as well as their motherland
Passage 12献身于敦煌莫高窟的“范进士”
Fan Jinshi, known as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, has made protecting and researching Mogao Grottoes her lifelong passion.
In July 1963, shortly after graduating from Peking University, Fan made her way to Dunhuang without 1 to serve the nation. The living conditions there were extremely 2 with no fresh water or electricity, only oil lamps and earthen beds. Besides, she felt 3 as the newspapers were probably a month ago. The thought of leaving 4 through her mind, but seeing the 5 view in the caves, she took roots there.
To protect the treasure, Fan and her colleagues put doors on the caves, planted trees and started monitoring temperature in the caves. Mogao Grottoes took on a new look 6 their efforts.
In 1979, Mogao Grottoes were 7 opened to tourists. Since 2000, visits to Dunhuang have 8 for the extended holidays, causing some murals(壁画) to become seriously damaged or even disappear. Faced 9 this, Fan decided to take responsibility for the caves, striking a balance between heritage protection and 10 .She 11 the idea of digitizing Dunhuang to permanently preserve the murals, painted cultures and historical data. In 2016 Digital Dunhuang was 12 online, enabling people around the world to enjoy clear images of the caves. 13 , Fan actively promoted international exchanges and partnerships for the popularization of Mogao Grottoes.
In December 2018, Fan was awarded the 14 “Reform Pioneer” by the nation. This May, Fan donated 10 million yuan to Peking University to promote the study of Dunhuang. Now the 85-year-old Fan Jinshi is as busy as 15 , still toiling(辛苦) to conserve and manage the caves.
1. A. idea B. plan C. hesitation D. schedule
2. A. unhealthy B. tough C. pessimistic D. negative
3. A. delayed B. disturbed C. defeated D. disconnected
4. A. glanced B. flashed C. hit D. happened
5. A. peaceful B. interesting C. breathtaking D. flexible
6. A. in spite of B. in terms of C. on behalf of D. on account of
7. A. officially B. exactly C. eventually D. especially
8. A. rocketed B. aroused C. raised D. inspired
9. A. over B. to C. upon D. with
10. A. research B. rescue C. tourism D. improvement
11. A. looked out for B. came up with C. took charge of D. made up for
12. A. updated B. loaded C. referred D. launched
13. A. Meantime B. However C. Therefore D. Altogether
14. A. title B. image C. feature D. outcome
15. A. never B. then C. ever D. still
Passage 13 图书馆洞
The impressive collection of literature in the Library Cave at the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu province, 1 one of the most inclusive, advanced and open 2 of the ancient Chinese, says Dunhuang specialist Zhao Xiaoxing.
3 in the Hexi Corridor, the main line of the ancient Silk Road, the caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, have been promoting goods and cultural 4 between the East and the West for more than 1,600 years.
While the Dunhuang wall paintings have recorded the glories of the past 5 , the more than 60,000 items of literature 6 in the Library Cave, or Cave 17, dating from the 4th to the 11th centuries, have kept the 7 original quality through the written word, according to Dunhuang Academy.
The value of the 8 was thoroughly demonstrated during the launch of the Digital Library Cave, a gamelike program 9 enables users to virtually witness, and participate in, the 10 and fall of the Library Cave on the website Digital Dunhuang or via the WeChat miniprogram, Cloud Museum of Dunhuang Caves.
The Library Cave 11 in the mid-9th century and later 12 unopened for almost 1,000 years 13 being accidentally discovered by Taoist priest Wang Yuanlu in 1900.The majority of its cultural relics, consisting of Buddhist manuscripts, 14 and economic documents and other delicate and 15 items, are now kept in foreign museums.
1. A. collects B. represents C. finds D. changes
2. A. aspects B. difficulties C. moods D. hobbies
3. A. Sat B. Located C. Lost D. Moved
4. A. formations B. productions C. companies D. exchanges
5. A. visually B. vocally C. slowly D. brightly
6. A. rooted B. imagined C. housed D. printed
7. A. cultural B. national C. historical D. literal
8. A. books B. statues C. features D. literature
9. A. what B. that C. as D. whose
10. A. rise B. progress C. start D. innovation
11. A. was checked B. was ruined C. was built D. was removed
12. A. felt B. seemed C. banned D. remained
13. A. unless B. whether C. before D. after
14. A. overseas B. political C. additional D. fundamental
15. A. precious B. affordable C. secret D. fashionable
Passage 14文化遗产的重要性
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(23-24高二上·湖北荆州·期末)There are certain things on the Earth that we must not lose. The great animal migration across the Serengeti Plains or the towering pyramids of Egypt are such examples. Every country is proud of 1 (it) cultural or natural heritage sites, all of 2 must be protected. We are lucky to have UNESCO to oversee such 3 unique task. It sees heritage as our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass down 4 future generations as well as irreplaceable sources of inspiration.
The incredible splendour of heritage sites is a 5 (remind) of the power of nature and the genius of man. As a nature reserve, Jiuzhaigou Valley is home to snow-capped mountains, thick forests, impressive waterfalls and lakes. This dream-like scenery makes us realize that nature has 6 (literal) created a masterpiece. Similarly, standing in the shadow of the Borobudur Temple, as the sun rises over this grand historic building, we 7 (impress) with the effort and determination of the people 8 (establish) it with only primitive tools.
It is in heritage sites like this 9 we cannot help but be humbled, come to understand our limitations as human beings, and know that our duty is to protect them for generations 10 (come).
Passage 15神农架林区
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(23-24高二上·山东威海·期末)Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2016, the Shennongjia Forestry District is covered by vast forest, 1 (nurture) countless species of plants and animals, as well as legends and stories 2 (pass) down through the ages.
Tourism development in the area takes a back seat to the wonders of nature. The natural environment has been largely left untouched, 3 allows visitors the opportunity to appreciate unique beauty. Visitors 4 Shennongjia can base themselves in the town of Muyu, which is the 5 (near) to all the scenic areas in the district.
The name of the district is adapted from the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine, Shennong, who is said 6 (try) hundreds of types of herbs to heal 7 sick. The Shennongjia Museum of Natural History in Muyu provides a memorial to Shennong and 8 (display) more than 2,000 breeds of plant species.
What if you are not interested in medicinal herbs and just want some sightseeing delights Shennongjia provides a variety of 9 (option). For example, hikers who love challenges climb the Shennong Top, a pyramid-shaped peak that is considered as the “Roof of Central China.” The climb can never be 10 (bore) with different views along the stairway: a sea of bamboo, a stone forest, and a plateau meadow(高原牧场) filled with flowers and greenery.
Passage 16中国的普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
(23-24高二上·福建宁德·期末)The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er gained the World Heritage Site status on September17th 2023, becoming China’s first World Heritage Site related 1 tea.
The heritage site, located in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County in Pu’er, Yunnan Province, 2 (consist) of five old tea forests and nine ancient villages. Jingmai Mountain is one of the world’s largest ancient tea forest 3 (site). What most people do not know is 4 Jingmai Mountain is home to more than 1 million tea trees, most of which are over 100 years old.
In the long history, local people developed 5 unique tea growing technique on the basis of fully understanding nature with 6 (they) wisdom. The technique allows small tea trees 7 (grow) under the shades(树荫) of taller trees. It not only creates proper light conditions, but also serves as an effective measure to prevent insect attack, 8 (produce) an ideal environment for tea trees.
Originated in China, tea became popular 9 (global) over time. And Jingmai heritage site stands as a 10 (remark) example of harmonious interactions between humans and the natural environment.
