2024届高考二轮复习阅读理解专题之主旨大意课件(共24张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考二轮复习阅读理解专题之主旨大意课件(共24张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.8MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-08 11:37:30 | ||
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文档简介
(共24张PPT)
阅读理解专题
主旨大意
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
近四年高考真题中主旨题分布概况
2023 文章体裁 2022 文章体裁 2021 文章体裁 2020 文章体裁
新高考I 32.段落主旨 说明文 21.文章来源 应用文 31.文章标题 记叙文 7.主旨推断 记叙文
34.段落主旨 说明文 35.段落主旨 说明文 11.文章目的 12.文章主旨 书评
说明文
全国甲（I） 27.文章标题 说明文 3. 文章来源 应用文 32.段落主旨 说明文
31.文章主旨 记叙文 15.文章标题 议论文 35.文章标题 说明文
全国乙（II） 32.段落主旨 议论文 27.文章类型 书评 24.段落主旨 说明文 27.文章主旨 说明文
35.文章来源 31.文章标题 说明文 31文章标题 记叙文 35.文章标题 记叙文
新课标II 27.文章标题 说明文
28.文章来源 说明文
命题分析：
近四年的全国卷高考试卷中均有对主旨题目的考查。考查维度主要涉及：
1.文章主旨；2.文章标题；3.文章类型；4文章目的；5.文章来源；6.文章主旨推断；7.段落主旨。
解题策略：
1.判断主旨大意一定要根据文章的关键词(句)，从积极或中立的角度考虑；
2.段落大意题正确选项关键词应概括全段信息关键词；
3.概括全文大意要关注文章体裁及组织结构，关注首尾段，厘清文章中心。
命题方式：
1．The best title of the passage is ________．
2．Which of the following is the best title for the text
3．The passage is mainly about ________．
4．What is the passage mainly about
5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph
6．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about
秘诀：
1) Topic sentences ---- “巧定主题句”
主题句概括段落的主要内容,它不仅确定段落的主题,而且限定本段
落讨论的范围。因此,抓住主题句便抓住了文章的中心。
2) Key words ---- “抓准关键词”
任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显
的特点之一是有一个反复出现的高频词或者关键词，因此无明显主
题句，把握好“关键词”，便容易抓住文章的中心。
真题感悟
【例1】(2022·全国甲卷阅读C)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go，” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
31．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
解析：主旨大意题。本文开篇即介绍了金尼抵达南极洲时可爱的企鹅开启了她终生难忘的旅行的经历，下文又介绍了她去南极洲的原因、时间及其感受等。因此，B“一次难忘的经历”是最佳标题。
（例2 2021 全国乙）You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enterocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10- foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plasticfootprint.
30. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
解析： 第一段点题，He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage，用垃圾建雕塑，
第二段主要描述了人物事迹（Von的作品、塑料回收困局），
第三段结尾描写了Von的愿景。
所以最佳标题就是 D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
（例3 2023全国乙-议论文）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humaniy, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the tine, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concems not only in writing but in things.
32 What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B.What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
解析：本题为段落大意。根据文章句首可知If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humaniy, you cannot do it through texts alone, 如果你想了解历史，不能只靠文字，因为文字是后期形成的成果。If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humaniy, you cannot do it through texts alone, 最后一句说许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载重要事情。所以选A. How past events should be presented过去的实物怎样来呈现.
【例4】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.(paragraph 4)
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.(paragraph 5)
34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析：段落大意题。上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代(the Neolithic age)农业的发展有关，第五段主要说明了“一项语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化”，因此第五段列出的是一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。本段第一句中的confirmed(证实)是关键词。
Summary
1. Ways in dealing the main idea:
巧定主题句： 句首；句中；句尾
抓准关键词：无主题句
2. Focuses：
1. 关注含有 so，therefore, thus, in short, above all, conclusion等词的句子常表示总结或结论。
2. 关注转折词，如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等，明确作者的观点归纳主旨大意。
模拟训练
(2022·江西上饶中学质检)Chinese people love food made of flour, whether it be dumplings, or flatbread. In the hands of skilled artisans (手艺人), flour is made into lovelymodels of people or animals to be enjoyed and played with, which brings a unique kind of pleasure. This art form is called dough figurine (面塑).
Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing's Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city. Their delicate and lovely handicrafts are storytellers of old and new Beijing. In 2008, it was included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage.
It was created by Lang Shao'an. Most of the dough figurines are animals and characters from legends, historical stories, and local operas. The finished product is either put at the end of a thin stick, or on a table for display. Some are mostly for children to eat or play with, with simple forms and vivid decorations, while some are delicate pieces of artwork for display only. For this reason, during the making process, they are often mixed with additives (添加剂) to prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy. Over the course of his long career, Lang Shao'an developed a set of skilled fingers with an elegant artistic sense.
Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third-generation inheritor of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot-shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons such as figures based on Marvel comics characters and Chinese mythological figure Nezha with smoky makeup, are resonating with young people.
Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Many young people are unwilling to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.
1．What is special about Dough Figurine Lang
A．It reflects Beijing's culture.
B．It is created by many famous artists.
C．It shows people's lifestyles and beliefs.
D．It is popular with both tourists and the locals.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Among the various art styles of dough figurines...the rich history and customs of the capital city.”可知，面人郎的特别之处是它反映了北京的文化。所以选A
2．Why do artisans add additives to dough figurines
A．To make dough figurines taste good.
B．To keep colors brighter and last longer.
C．To help shape dough into various forms.
D．To better preserve the finished products.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For this reason...prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy.”可知，面人要添加添加剂的原因是更好地保存成品。所以选 D。
3．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．Suggestions for other folk artisans.
B．Different art styles of dough figurines.
C．Lang Jiaziyu's achievements as an artisan.
D．The popularity of modern dough figurines.
解析：段落大意题。通读第三段尤其是“he created Beijing Olympic Mascot-shaped dough figurines...are resonating with young people.”可知，第三段主要讲了郎佳子彧作为手艺人的成就。
4.What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To call on people to master a skill.
B．To appeal to people to value this folk art.
C．To teach people ways to appreciate the handicraft.
D．To persuade people to protect national cultural heritage.
解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，好的手工艺品需要一代又一代手艺人的奉献。由此可推知，这篇文章的写作意图是呼吁人们重视这种民间艺术。所以选B.
阅读理解专题
主旨大意
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
近四年高考真题中主旨题分布概况
2023 文章体裁 2022 文章体裁 2021 文章体裁 2020 文章体裁
新高考I 32.段落主旨 说明文 21.文章来源 应用文 31.文章标题 记叙文 7.主旨推断 记叙文
34.段落主旨 说明文 35.段落主旨 说明文 11.文章目的 12.文章主旨 书评
说明文
全国甲（I） 27.文章标题 说明文 3. 文章来源 应用文 32.段落主旨 说明文
31.文章主旨 记叙文 15.文章标题 议论文 35.文章标题 说明文
全国乙（II） 32.段落主旨 议论文 27.文章类型 书评 24.段落主旨 说明文 27.文章主旨 说明文
35.文章来源 31.文章标题 说明文 31文章标题 记叙文 35.文章标题 记叙文
新课标II 27.文章标题 说明文
28.文章来源 说明文
命题分析：
近四年的全国卷高考试卷中均有对主旨题目的考查。考查维度主要涉及：
1.文章主旨；2.文章标题；3.文章类型；4文章目的；5.文章来源；6.文章主旨推断；7.段落主旨。
解题策略：
1.判断主旨大意一定要根据文章的关键词(句)，从积极或中立的角度考虑；
2.段落大意题正确选项关键词应概括全段信息关键词；
3.概括全文大意要关注文章体裁及组织结构，关注首尾段，厘清文章中心。
命题方式：
1．The best title of the passage is ________．
2．Which of the following is the best title for the text
3．The passage is mainly about ________．
4．What is the passage mainly about
5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph
6．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about
秘诀：
1) Topic sentences ---- “巧定主题句”
主题句概括段落的主要内容,它不仅确定段落的主题,而且限定本段
落讨论的范围。因此,抓住主题句便抓住了文章的中心。
2) Key words ---- “抓准关键词”
任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显
的特点之一是有一个反复出现的高频词或者关键词，因此无明显主
题句，把握好“关键词”，便容易抓住文章的中心。
真题感悟
【例1】(2022·全国甲卷阅读C)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go，” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
31．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
解析：主旨大意题。本文开篇即介绍了金尼抵达南极洲时可爱的企鹅开启了她终生难忘的旅行的经历，下文又介绍了她去南极洲的原因、时间及其感受等。因此，B“一次难忘的经历”是最佳标题。
（例2 2021 全国乙）You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enterocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10- foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plasticfootprint.
30. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
解析： 第一段点题，He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage，用垃圾建雕塑，
第二段主要描述了人物事迹（Von的作品、塑料回收困局），
第三段结尾描写了Von的愿景。
所以最佳标题就是 D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
（例3 2023全国乙-议论文）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humaniy, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the tine, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concems not only in writing but in things.
32 What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B.What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
解析：本题为段落大意。根据文章句首可知If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humaniy, you cannot do it through texts alone, 如果你想了解历史，不能只靠文字，因为文字是后期形成的成果。If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humaniy, you cannot do it through texts alone, 最后一句说许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载重要事情。所以选A. How past events should be presented过去的实物怎样来呈现.
【例4】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.(paragraph 4)
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.(paragraph 5)
34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析：段落大意题。上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代(the Neolithic age)农业的发展有关，第五段主要说明了“一项语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化”，因此第五段列出的是一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。本段第一句中的confirmed(证实)是关键词。
Summary
1. Ways in dealing the main idea:
巧定主题句： 句首；句中；句尾
抓准关键词：无主题句
2. Focuses：
1. 关注含有 so，therefore, thus, in short, above all, conclusion等词的句子常表示总结或结论。
2. 关注转折词，如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等，明确作者的观点归纳主旨大意。
模拟训练
(2022·江西上饶中学质检)Chinese people love food made of flour, whether it be dumplings, or flatbread. In the hands of skilled artisans (手艺人), flour is made into lovelymodels of people or animals to be enjoyed and played with, which brings a unique kind of pleasure. This art form is called dough figurine (面塑).
Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing's Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city. Their delicate and lovely handicrafts are storytellers of old and new Beijing. In 2008, it was included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage.
It was created by Lang Shao'an. Most of the dough figurines are animals and characters from legends, historical stories, and local operas. The finished product is either put at the end of a thin stick, or on a table for display. Some are mostly for children to eat or play with, with simple forms and vivid decorations, while some are delicate pieces of artwork for display only. For this reason, during the making process, they are often mixed with additives (添加剂) to prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy. Over the course of his long career, Lang Shao'an developed a set of skilled fingers with an elegant artistic sense.
Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third-generation inheritor of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot-shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons such as figures based on Marvel comics characters and Chinese mythological figure Nezha with smoky makeup, are resonating with young people.
Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Many young people are unwilling to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.
1．What is special about Dough Figurine Lang
A．It reflects Beijing's culture.
B．It is created by many famous artists.
C．It shows people's lifestyles and beliefs.
D．It is popular with both tourists and the locals.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Among the various art styles of dough figurines...the rich history and customs of the capital city.”可知，面人郎的特别之处是它反映了北京的文化。所以选A
2．Why do artisans add additives to dough figurines
A．To make dough figurines taste good.
B．To keep colors brighter and last longer.
C．To help shape dough into various forms.
D．To better preserve the finished products.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For this reason...prevent them from breaking up, being eaten by insects or growing moldy.”可知，面人要添加添加剂的原因是更好地保存成品。所以选 D。
3．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．Suggestions for other folk artisans.
B．Different art styles of dough figurines.
C．Lang Jiaziyu's achievements as an artisan.
D．The popularity of modern dough figurines.
解析：段落大意题。通读第三段尤其是“he created Beijing Olympic Mascot-shaped dough figurines...are resonating with young people.”可知，第三段主要讲了郎佳子彧作为手艺人的成就。
4.What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To call on people to master a skill.
B．To appeal to people to value this folk art.
C．To teach people ways to appreciate the handicraft.
D．To persuade people to protect national cultural heritage.
解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，好的手工艺品需要一代又一代手艺人的奉献。由此可推知，这篇文章的写作意图是呼吁人们重视这种民间艺术。所以选B.