《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题13高考真题熟词生义+高阶单词短语100例（3月第1周）+名校月考卷
解析版
一、真题熟词生义（背一背，悟一悟，轻松跨越词汇障碍）
1. across熟义：prep.从…的一边到另一边 ★ 生义：ad.宽
[2019 浙江卷6月]The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests…
在加州46000平方英里的森林中, 直径大于2英尺的树木数量减少了50％…
2. attack熟义：n.袭击 ★生义：vt.抨击
[2019 全国卷Ⅲ]When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.
当一名学生在社交媒体上公然抨击一名教授时, 所使用的语言已经很能说明这个学生的问题了。
3. employ熟义：vt.雇用 ★生义：vt.利用, 应用, 运用
[2019 全国卷I]The likables’ plays well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
可爱的孩子身上那种能与他人相处融洽的品质加强了学校里的友谊, 加快了人际交往能力的发展, 而且, 如果及早加以开发, 就会在以后的生活和工作中发挥作用。
4. escape熟义：vt.逃走 ★生义：vt.被遗忘n.解脱；消遣
[2019 全国卷I]A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
午餐时的暂时解脱能让她免受老板的差遣。
5. fall 熟义：vi.下落 ★生义：n.秋天
[2019 全国卷I]Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
适用对象：15-29岁, 秋季开学的学生。
6. fuel熟义：n.燃料 启迪 ★ 生义：vt.刺激, 加强,
[2019 全国卷Ⅲ]..how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. …
几个世纪以来中国是如何刺激时尚想象力的。
7. live熟义：vi.住；活着 ★生义：adv.在现场直播
[2019 全国卷Ⅲ]After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.
当披头士应邀参加BBC的现场直播后, 他们通过全国巡演迅速在英国蹿红。
8. mean熟义：.意思是, 意味着 ★生义：adj.不善良的, 刻薄的
[2o19 全国卷I]Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.
然后我进入了少年、青少年时期, 遇到了很多刻薄的女孩和耍酷的孩子。
9. name熟义：n.名字, 名称 ★生义：n选中, 评为
[2019 浙江卷6月]John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
约翰 列侬和保罗 麦卡特尼被评为年度最佳作曲家。
10. position熟义：n.位置 ★生义：n.职位, 工作；观点, 态度
[2019 全国卷I]Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
通过暑期就业机会项目, 学生每年都被雇们到省公共服务部门、相关机构和社区团体的各种暑期岗位上。
11. read熟义：vt.阅读 ★生义：vt.理解, 领会；写着n.读物, 书
[2019 全国卷I]Here she picks her top reads. 在这里她选出了几本她最喜欢的书。
12. shade熟义：n.阴凉处, 背阴 ★生义：n.浓淡深浅；色度
[20l9 全国卷I]I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.
从我站的地方, 我数了数有十二种绿色.
13. single熟义：adj.单一的, 单个的 ★生义：n.一元纸币
[2019 浙江卷6月]Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties.
木板上的钞票大多是一元纸币, 但有几个人留下了五元的, 十元的, 甚至是二十元的纸币。
14. tap熟义：vt.轻敲, 轻拍 ★生义：vt.发掘, 利用
[2019 全国卷I]The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
可爱的孩子与他人相处融洽的品质加强了学校里的友谊, 加快了人际交往能力的发展, 而且, 如果及早加以开发, 就会在以后的生活和工作中发挥作用。
15. trip熟义：n.旅行 ★生义：vi.绊倒, 说话磕磕巴巴
[20l9 全国卷I]Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.
克里斯在发“ld”音时磕巴了, 许多母语不是英语的人在发这个音时都有点困难。
16. value熟义：n.价值 ★生义：n. 值, 数值
[20l9 全国卷Ⅲ]They were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
猴子们在运算, 而不仅仅是记住每次相加的数值。
二、高阶单词（背一背，默一默，轻松跨越词汇障碍）
1. essential n. 必需品
2. update n. 更新
3. mechanics n. 机械学
4. tremendous a. 巨大的
5. chase v. 追赶，追逐
6. era n 时代
7. upgrade vt 升级
8. gadget n 小器具 设备
9. cuisine n 烹饪
10. swift a 迅速的 快的
11. thorough a 彻底的
12. immunity n 免疫
13. misinformation n 错误信息
14. postpone v 推迟
15. conserve v 节约
16. reproduce v 繁殖；复制；再现
17. extinction n 灭绝
18. decline vt 谢绝；下降；衰退
19. bonus n 意外收获；红利；奖金
20. mascot n 吉祥物
21. reception n接纳；接待；欢迎会；招待会
22. mechanical a 机械的
23. reflection n 反射；反思；倒影
24. cover vt 覆盖；涵盖；占地；报道；足够支付；走……路
25. explosive n 爆炸物 a 易爆炸的
26. preserve v 保存，腌制；保护，维护
27. priority n 优先权 重点
28. reserve v 预订；保留
29. proportion n 比例
30. statistics n 统计数字
31. accumulate v 积累
32. tackle vt 处理
33. transparent a 透明的
34. occupied a 忙碌的/被占用的
35. launch vt 发射/发起活动/上市
36. indifferent a冷漠的
37. refund n 退款
38. fate n. 命运
39. pursue v. 追求
40. diploma n. 毕业文凭
41. candidate n. 候选人
42. demanding a要求高的
43. procedure n. 手续，步骤
44. mechanical a机械的
45. garage n车库 加油站
46. perceive v. 察觉
47. venues n. 活动场所
48. insurance n. 保险
49. somehow ad以某种方法
50. anyhow ad. 不管怎样
三、高阶短语（背一背，默一默，轻松跨越词汇障碍）
1. step in 介入；插手干预
2. wipe out 消灭 彻底清除
3. in person 当面 亲自
4. in part 部分地
5. put away 收拾起来 储存
6. cast away 丢掉 扔掉
7. make sense 有意义 有道理
8. stand for 代表；支持；容忍
9. 总而言之 in conclusion, to conclude, to be brief, to cut it short, all in all
10. make room for 为…腾地方
11. in the event of 万一
12. allow for 考虑到，估计到
13. in preference to 偏爱
14. vary from. . to… 在…到…内变化
15. As Mr Smith put it 正如史密斯先生所说
16. object to 反对
17. let alone 更不用说
18. all of a sudden 突然
19. to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
20. leave sb alone 把某人单独留下
21. You name it. 你要啥有啥/应有尽有。
22. intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产
23. be on the decline 在衰退，在减少
24. be diagnosed with 被诊断患上……
25. an online retailer 一家线上零售商
26. give up halfway 半途而废
27. gain access to sth 接触到，得到
28. at one point 一度，曾经
29. at home and abroad在国内外
30. under guarantee 在保修期内
31. be immune to sth 对……免疫
32. be infected with 被……感染
33. subscribe to 订阅
34. date from/date back to追溯到
35. decline to do 拒绝做某事
36. only if 只要……就
37. if only 要是……该多好
38. divide…into… 把……分成
39. gain worldwide recognition 获得全世界认可
40. originate from 源于；发自；起源于
41. by design 故意地；蓄意地
42. even worse 更糟糕的是
43. reflect on 反思
44. answer for 对…负责
45. in reality 事实上
46. pose no threat to 对…没有产生威胁
47. shoulder responsibility for 承担…责任
48. raise awareness of 提高…意识
49. needless to say 更不用说；毋庸讳言
50. first-aid kit 急救包
四、名校月考题（做一做，悟一悟，轻松跨越能力障碍）
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
2024 Travel Planner: The Best Things to See in the UK
Icons of British Fashion, Oxfordshire
A fashion exhibition will open at Blenheim Palace in March. Icons of British Fashion is the largest event in the palace’s 300-year history and will showcase some of Britain’s most famous designers. Clothing, drawings, photographs and patterns will be on display. 23 March to 30 June. Palace entry tickets are valid for a year and cost 38 for adults, 22 for under-16s.
Toulouse-Lautrec in Bath
A new exhibition, Toulouse-Lautrec and the Masters of Montmartre, opens at Victoria Art Gallery in Bath in April. More than 30 pieces from the artist’s colourful career will be shown alongside works by other artists of the day. This is the only chance to see Lautrec’s complete collection of posters in the UK before it moves to a permanent home at the Musée d’Ixelles in Belgium. 26 April to 29 September, adults 10, children 3.50.
Back in Time at Beamish
A truly recreated 1950s picture house at Beamish will offer visitors a chance to recall the golden age of movie-going. The cinema will be the latest addition to a “1950s Town” opened last summer at the living history museum. Adults 24.95, children 15.45, a family of four 63.50, valid for a year.
National Gallery goes on tour
The National Gallery celebrates its 200th anniversary on 10 May. To mark the occasion， the gallery is lending 12 of its most iconic paintings to 12 venues across the UK. Paintings will travel to centres from Brighton to Edinburgh, and will all go on display on 10 May. Each of the 12 venues will run exhibitions and digital interventions to showcase its particular painting.
1. How much should a couple with a 5-year-old pay for Blenheim’s exhibition
A. 23.50. B. 60.00. C. 63.50. D. 98.00.
2. What do Toulouse-Lautrec and National Gallery have in common
A. Recalling the artist’s career.
B. Offering chances to make posters.
C. Employing digital interventions.
D. Enabling visitors to enjoy arts.
3. Which of the following is a year-round event
A. Icons of British Fashion.
B. Toulouse-Lautrec and the Masters of Montmartre.
C. 1950s Picture House Visit.
D. National Gallery Painting Show.
【答案】1. D2. D3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个2024年旅行规划师推荐的英国最好的景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Icons of British Fashion, Oxfordshire部分的“Palace entry tickets are valid for a year and cost 38 for adults, 22 for under-16s.(白金汉宫门票有效期为一年，成人票价38英镑，16岁以下票价22英镑。)”可知，一对夫妻和一个5岁的小孩参观Blenheim的展览花费38ⅹ2+22=98英镑。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Toulouse-Lautrec in Bath部分的“A new exhibition, Toulouse-Lautrec and the Masters of Montmartre, opens at Victoria Art Gallery in Bath in April. More than 30 pieces from the artist’s colourful career will be shown alongside works by other artists of the day.(今年4月，一场名为《图卢兹-罗特列克与蒙马特大师》的新展览将在巴斯的维多利亚美术馆开幕。这位艺术家丰富多彩的职业生涯中的30多件作品将与当时其他艺术家的作品一起展出。)”和National Gallery goes on tour部分的“The National Gallery celebrates its 200th anniversary on 10 May. To mark the occasion， the gallery is lending 12 of its most iconic paintings to 12 venues across the UK.(国家美术馆将于5月10日庆祝其成立200周年。为了纪念这一时刻，该画廊将向英国12个场馆出借12幅最具代表性的画作。)”可知，这两个地方的共同之处在于他们都让游客享受艺术。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Back in Time at Beamish部分的“A truly recreated 1950s picture house at Beamish will offer visitors a chance to recall the golden age of movie-going. The cinema will be the latest addition to a “1950s Town” opened last summer at the living history museum.Adults 24.95, children 15.45, a family of four 63.50, valid for a year.( 在比米什，一座真正重现了20世纪50年代的电影院将为游客提供一个回忆电影黄金时代的机会。这家电影院将是去年夏天在活历史博物馆开放的“20世纪50年代小镇”的最新成员。成人24.95英镑，儿童15.45英镑，四口之家63.50英镑，有效期一年。)”可知，1950年代的Picture House参观是一个全年的活动。故选C。
B
The memory of one particular summer evening is still burned in my brain as if it were yesterday. There was nothing but wide-open fields for miles and miles around our rural Minnesota home. We never saw strangers not ever and here on this hot evening was a real live one walking up our driveway.
A young man, a slightly-built hitchhiker (搭便车的人) approached our door. He knew there was a storm coming, and he desperately needed shelter. Not wanting to intrude on our home and family, he asked my dad if he could sleep in our basement for the night for protection from the rain. Instead of saying yes, my dad loaded us all up in the 1959 Chevrolet: five kids, my mum, and the man.
Our family consisted of three older children whose father had died young and three more children from the union of my mother and father. Our older brother Jerry was in the Navy, on a ship somewhere overseas. Our mum and dad worried about him.
We drove him 10 miles to the next town, where Dad bought the man a room for the night along with a hot evening meal. In the car after we dropped off the stranger, I heard my dad say to my mum, “I just hope that if Jerry ever needs anything, this kindness will be returned to him.”
Weeks later, Dad told my uncle about the young man. My uncle suggested that perhaps my dad shouldn’t have taken the risk of having a stranger in our car. My dad replied, “You are absolutely right. I should have invited him into our home.”
4. What does the underlined phrase “intrude on” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Disturb. B. Scare. C. Embarrass. D. Upset.
5. How did the author’s father help the stranger
A. By providing a bed for him in the basement.
B. By letting him stay for the night in the car.
C. By taking him to a hotel in another town.
D. By cooking a hot evening meal for him.
6. What do we know about the author’s family
A. The family had five children in total.
B. Jerry was serving in the army in the USA.
C. They had no spare room for the hitchhiker.
D. Dad wished his elder son to be treated kindly.
7. What did the author’s uncle think of his father’s deed
A. Worthwhile. B. Inappropriate. C. Inspiring. D. Unbelievable.
【答案】4. A5. C6. D7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲在一个即将下暴雨的夏日帮助一个陌生人的故事。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第二段划线词所在句子“ he asked my dad if he could sleep in our basement for the night for protection from the rain. (他问我爸爸是否可以在我们家的地下室过夜，以防下雨。)”可知，这个陌生人应该是不想打扰作者的家人，询问是否可以住在地下室；由此猜测，划线词的意思是“打扰”，与disturb(打扰)。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第四段中“We drove him 10 miles to the next town, where Dad bought the man a room for the night along with a hot evening meal. (我们开车带他到10英里外的下一个城镇，在那里爸爸给他买了一个房间过夜，还给他买了一顿热腾腾的晚餐。)”可知，作者的父亲通过带这个陌生人去了另一个城镇的旅馆来帮助他。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第四段中“In the car after we dropped off the stranger, I heard my dad say to my mum, “I just hope that if Jerry ever needs anything, this kindness will be returned to him.”(我们把那个陌生人送上车后，我听到爸爸对妈妈说:“我只希望，如果杰里有什么需要，这份善意能回到他那里（即他能得到帮助）。”)”可知，爸爸希望他的大儿子受到善待。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Weeks later, Dad told my uncle about the young man. My uncle suggested that perhaps my dad shouldn't have taken the risk of having a stranger in our car. (几周后，爸爸把那个年轻人的事告诉了叔叔。我叔叔建议说，也许我父亲不应该冒险让一个陌生人坐在我们的车里。)”可知，作者的叔叔认为他父亲的行为是不合适的。故选B。
C
Almost all new parents struggle to get enough sleep while caring for their newborns. For some penguin (企鹅) parents, though, periods of sleep are especially short.
Researchers recently found that Chinstrap penguins only sleep for about four seconds at a time in order to protect their eggs and newborn chicks. They do this thousands of times throughout the day. The short “microsleeps” total around 11 hours each day. The microsleeps appear to be enough to keep the parents going for many weeks.
Niels Rattenborg, a sleep researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence in Germany, said, “What’s surprising is that the penguins are able to function okay and successfully raise their young.”
Chinstrap penguins usually lay their eggs in November in nests made up of small rocks. Mated (交配的) pairs share parenting responsibilities. One parent usually watches the eggs and chicks alone while the other goes off fishing for family meals. Adult penguins don’t face many natural enemies in the mating season. But large birds called brown skuas eat the penguin eggs and small chicks. Other adult penguins may also try to steal the small rocks from the nests, so penguin parents must always be on guard.
For the first time, scientists followed the sleeping behavior of Chinstrap penguins. They did this by attaching devices that measure brain waves. They collected data on 14 adults over 11 days on King George Island off the coast of Antarctica.
Won Young Lee, a biologist at the Korean Polar Research Institute, thought of the idea for the study when he saw mating penguins often blinking (眨) their eyes and possibly sleeping. But the team needed to record brain waves to confirm the animals were sleeping. “For these penguins, microsleeps have some restorative functions,” he said. He added that they would not survive without it.
The researchers didn’t collect sleep data outside the mating season. But they suspect that the penguins may sleep for longer periods at other times of the year.
8What have researchers found about Chinstrap penguins
A. They take turns to take care of the young.
B. They sleep for several seconds at a time.
C. They rest for 11 hours in a row every day.
D. They behave poorly due to lack of sleep.
9. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The habitats of the penguins. B. The living habits of the penguins.
C. The mating seasons of the penguins. D. The natural enemies of the penguins.
10. Which of the following might Won Young Lee agree with
A. Microsleeps of the penguins matter in their survival.
B. It’s difficult to record brain waves of the penguins.
C. The penguins may sleep longer than people believe.
D. More funds are needed to further study the penguins.
11. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A book review. B. A travel brochure.
C. A science journal. D. A chemistry textbook.
【答案】8. B9. B10. A11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究人员最近发现，帽带企鹅每次只睡大约四秒钟，以保护它们的蛋和新生的小企鹅。他们一天要这样做几千次。文章介绍了关于帽带企鹅睡眠时间短，来保护小企鹅的研究过程、方式以及存在的局限性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers recently found that Chinstrap penguins only sleep for about four seconds at a time in order to protect their eggs and newborn chicks. They do this thousands of times throughout the day. The short “microsleeps” total around 11 hours each day. (研究人员最近发现，为了保护它们的蛋和刚出生的小企鹅，Chintstrap企鹅一次只睡大约4秒钟。他们一天中这样做数千次。短暂的“微睡眠”每天总计约11小时)”可知，研究发现，企鹅为了保护它们的蛋和刚出生的企鹅，它们一次只睡大约几秒钟。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Chinstrap penguins usually lay their eggs in November in nests made up of small rocks. Mated (交配的) pairs share parenting responsibilities. One parent usually watches the eggs and chicks alone while the other goes off fishing for family meals. Adult penguins don’t face many natural enemies in the mating season. (颈带企鹅通常在11月在由小岩石组成的巢穴中产卵。配对的人分担养育子女的责任。父母中的一方通常独自照看鸡蛋和小企鹅，而另一方则外出捕鱼与家人团聚。成年企鹅在交配季节不会遇到很多天敌)”以及全段可知，本段主要介绍了企鹅的生活习惯，包括产卵的的时间，如何养育小企鹅等。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的““For these penguins, microsleeps have some restorative functions,” he said. He added that they would not survive without it.(他说：“对于这些企鹅来说，微睡眠具有一些恢复功能。”。他补充说，没有它，他们将无法生存)”可推知，Won Young Lee认为睡眠对于企鹅的生存至关重要。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容以及第二段的“Researchers recently found that Chinstrap penguins only sleep for about four seconds at a time in order to protect their eggs and newborn chicks. (研究人员最近发现，为了保护它们的蛋和刚出生的小企鹅，Chintstrap企鹅一次只睡大约4秒钟)”可知，本文主要讲述研究人员最近发现，帽带企鹅每次只睡大约四秒钟，以保护它们的蛋和新生的小企鹅。他们一天要这样做几千次。所以本篇文章最有可能出自科学杂志。故选C。
D
When people think of word innovators throughout history, male writers likely come to mind. Shakespeare is credited with inventing more than 1,700 words, including “bedroom”, “courtship” and “swagger”. Charles Dickens is said to have first used the words “butterfingers” and “doormat”, and Dr. Seuss reportedly came up with “nerd”.
But despite contributions from famous writers, historians say another group has an even greater impact on the development of language: teenage girls. Women lead up to 90 percent of linguistic (语言的) changes, as sociolinguist William Labov observed in the early 2000s. In fact, he wrote, women are often linguistically ahead of men “by a full generation”.
Now women are leading the charge online. Though Oxford University Press’2023 word of the year, “rizz”, meaning charm, was coined by a man, several runners-up, including “situationship” and “swiftie” were inspired or first used by women. The term “goblin mode”, which refers to lazy behavior, was Oxford’s 2022 word of the year and appears to have been first used by a woman on Twitter in 2009.
It’s often impossible to tell who first used new words. But whether or not young girls invent new phrases, they are more likely to be early adopters of the latest lingo (术语), says University of Toronto linguist Sali Tagliamonte, “They’re pushing changes forward.”
There are a handful of possible reasons why girls lead lexical (词汇的) innovation. According to Gretchen McCulloch, author of Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, women tend to be more socially aware. They have larger social circles and may be exposed to more language diversity. And because women tend to be caregivers, boys usually learn language from their mothers, whereas women and girls learn words from other women.
12. Why does the author mention some words coined by male writers
A. To compare male and female writers.
B. To introduce some well-known writers.
C. To lead in the topic to be talked about.
D. To put forward a point to be proved.
13. Which of the following words was invented by a male
A. Rizz. B. Situationship. C. Swiftie. D. Goblin mode.
14. Who thinks women’s social awareness contributes to lexical innovation
A. Dr. Seuss. B. William Labov.
C. Sali Tagliamonte. D. Gretchen McCulloch.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. New Words Are Added to English Dictionaries
B. Female Teens Take a Lead in Linguistic Changes
C. Women Are More Sensitive to Language Diversity
D. New Terms Make Communication More Colorful
【答案】12. C13. A14. D15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女性青少年对语言的发展产生的影响。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“But despite contributions from famous writers, historians say another group has an even greater impact on the development of language: teenage girls. Women lead up to 90 percent of linguistic (语言的) changes, as sociolinguist William Labov observed in the early 2000s. In fact, he wrote, women are often linguistically ahead of men “by a full generation”. (但是，历史学家说，除了著名作家的贡献外，另一个群体对语言的发展产生了更大的影响：少女。正如社会语言学家威廉·拉博夫在21世纪初观察到的那样，女性主导了90%的语言变化。事实上，他写道，女性在语言上往往比男性领先“整整一代”)”可推知，作者提到一些男性作家创造的词是为了引出要谈论的话题，即女性群体对语言的发展产生的影响。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Though Oxford University Press’2023 word of the year, “rizz”, meaning charm, was coined by a man, several runners-up, including “situationship” and “swiftie” were inspired or first used by women. (牛津大学出版社评选的2023年度词汇中，意为“魅力”的“rizz”是由一位男性创造的，但包括“situation”和“swiftie”在内的几个亚军都是由女性启发或首次使用的)”可知，“rizz”是由一位男性创造的。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“According to Gretchen McCulloch, author of Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, women tend to be more socially aware. (《因为互联网：理解语言的新规则》一书的作者格雷琴·麦卡洛克认为，女性往往更有社会意识)”可知，格雷琴·麦卡洛克认为女性的社会意识有助于词汇创新。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“But despite contributions from famous writers, historians say another group has an even greater impact on the development of language: teenage girls. (但是，历史学家说，除了著名作家的贡献外，另一个群体对语言的发展产生了更大的影响：少女)”可知，文章主要介绍了女性青少年对语言的发展产生的影响。由此可知，Female Teens Take a Lead in Linguistic Changes(女性青少年在语言变化中起主导作用)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Deal with Awkward Silences
We all know what it’s like when a conversation dies off and you’re left to sit in silence. ____16____ Thankfully, filling these silences isn’t as difficult as it may seem. Read on to learn how to initiate small talk and deal with awkward silences.
Think of topics ahead of time.
Before attending a social event, think of a few “go-to” topics to jumpstart a dead conversation. This will help you to fill the silences instead of struggling for words in the moment. Recent news, local events, popular books and television shows are all good fallback options. ____17____
Ask open-ended questions.
Ask questions that have more than one possible answer. ____18____ They help avoid resulting in short response. For example, instead of asking, “Did you like your high school ”, you could ask, “What did you like about your high school ”
____19____
As with any good conversation, the biggest key is to listen. If they respond to your question with a short statement such as “Yes”or “No”, that might indicate that they aren’t comfortable talking about a particular subject. Instead, talk about something that you know they're interested in. For example, “I heard you won your football game the other night. I’d love to hear about it.”
Give a compliment (表扬).
____20____ For example, you could say, “I really like your shirt. Where did you get it ” This could move the conversation in another direction while making the other person feel good. Stick to saying nice things if you’re trying to make small talk.
A. Keep the conversation flowing.
B. It also allows you to spend more time together.
C. Listen carefully and respond to their reactions.
D. There’s only one word to describe it: awkward.
E. This is always a safe bet, as long as it’s appropriate.
F. Such questions are likely to get the person talking more.
G. However, avoid some subjects that may cause arguments.
【答案】16. D17. G18. F19. C20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何应对在交谈中因为沉默造成的尴尬的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“We all know what it’s like when a conversation dies off and you’re left to sit in silence. (我们都知道当一次谈话结束，你只能静静地坐着时是什么感觉)”说明谈话结束无话可说的局面非常令人尴尬。空处顺接前文，说明无话可说的感觉非常的尴尬。D项“只有一个词可以形容它：尴尬。”符合语境。该项中的awkward是标题中该词的复现。故选D。
【17题详解】
上文“Recent news, local events, popular books and television shows are all good fallback options.(最近的新闻、当地的活动、受欢迎的书籍和电视节目都是不错的后备选择) ”说明最近的新闻，活动，受欢迎的书籍和电视节目都是可以提前选择的话题。空处和前文形成转折关系，说明选择话题时需要注意的问题。G项中的“some subjects”和前文中的topics相呼应，所以G项“但是，要避免一些可能引起争论的话题。”符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
上文“Ask questions that have more than one possible answer. (提出有多个可能答案的问题)”说明想要打破沉默，可以提出有多个答案的问题。空处承上启下，说明这样做的好处。F项中的“Such questions”和时前文中该词的复现，下文中的They指代的也是“Such questions”，说明这样的问题可能会让对方多说话。故选F。
【19题详解】
下文“As with any good conversation, the biggest key is to listen. If they respond to your question with a short statement such as “Yes”or “No”, that might indicate that they aren’t comfortable talking about a particular subject. (与任何好的谈话一样，最大的关键是倾听。如果他们用“是”或“否”等简短的回答来回答你的问题，这可能表明他们对谈论某个特定的话题感到不舒服)”说明本段所给建议为先要认真倾听，在根据听到了的信息做出回应。C项“仔细倾听并回应他们的反应。”适合做本段的主旨句，统领全段。故选C。
【20题详解】
下文“For example, you could say, “I really like your shirt. Where did you get it ” This could move the conversation in another direction while making the other person feel good. (例如，你可以说：“我真的很喜欢你的衬衫。你从哪里买的？”这可以把谈话推向另一个方向，同时让对方感觉良好)”以及本段的主旨句说明需要赞扬对方，这样会让对方感觉良好。空处为下文中举例所列举的事实。E项中的“ a safe bet”指代标题中的“a compliment ”，说明赞美只要时合适的，就是在交谈中起到作用。所以E项“只要合适，赞美总是一个安全的选择。”符合语境。故选E。
第二部分语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Growing up on a farm, Tori James spent much of her early years outdoors, building shelters and playing in muddy streams. She ____21____ herself as an ambitious and adventurous child and owes the Duke of Edinburgh Award to her love for ____22____. James says she could never have ____23____ that one day she might be the youngest British woman to ____24____ the peak of Mount Everest.
Today, James is a(n) ____25____ adventurer. Alongside her successful climb of the world’s ____26____ peak in 2007, she was a member of the first all-female team to ____27____ a tiring 650-kilometre ski race to the Magnetic North Pole in 2005, and in 2014 she set the ____28____ for the longest non-stop open-sea kayak crossing in UK waters.
Yet ahead of her first exploration at the age of 18, James had ____29____ her ability to last a month out in the cold without the comfort of a hot bath. “It’s only by ______30______ our comfort zone that we understand our true potential,” she explains, “That’s when the ______31______ happens.”
James encourages would-be adventurers not to be ______32______ by the conventional image of the rugged (粗犷的), hardy explorer. “I am such a believer that, with the right support and skills, everyone can bring ______33______ to an exploration,” she adds, “Sometimes, it’s only out in the field that someone’s ______34______ talents emerge, ______35______ in the process of exploration.”
21. A. describes B. admits C. imagines D. praises
22. A. wildlife B. science C. exploration D. competition
23. A. explained B. understood C. declared D. predicted
24. A. measure B. approach C. admire D. reach
25. A. patient B. ordinary C. professional D. honest
26. A. coldest B. highest C. prettiest D. straightest
27. A. complete B. coach C. judge D. cancel
28. A. record B. date C. goal D. standard
29. A. lost B. doubted C. limited D. developed
30. A. entering B. restoring C. leaving D. expanding
31. A. emergency B. accident C. event D. magic
32. A. pushed ahead B. kept apart C. cheered up D. put off
33. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
34. A. academic B. creative C. hidden D. artistic
35. A. eventually B. particularly C. generally D. obviously
【答案】21. A22. C23. D24. D25. C26. B27. A28. A29. B30. C31. D32. D33. A34. C35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了托里·詹姆斯从小喜欢探险，长大后成为专业的探险家，从而也形成了自己对探险旅行的独特见解。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把自己描述成一个雄心勃勃、爱冒险的孩子，并将爱丁堡公爵奖归功于她对探索的热爱。A. describes描述；B. admits承认；C. imagines想象；D. praises赞扬。根据后文“herself as an ambitious and adventurous child”可知，这是托里·詹姆斯自己对自己的描述。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把自己描述一个雄心勃勃、爱冒险的孩子，并将爱丁堡公爵奖归功于她对探索的热爱。A. wildlife野生动物；B. science科学；C. exploration探索；D. competition竞争。根据前文的“Tori James spent much of her early years outdoors, building shelters and playing in muddy streams.”可知，托里·詹姆斯热爱探索。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯说，她从来没有预料到有一天她可能会成为到达珠穆朗玛峰最年轻的英国女性。A. explained解释；B. understood理解；C. declared声明；D. predicted预料。根据后文的“that one day she might be the youngest British woman to 4 the peak of Mount Everest”可知，她会成为登上珠穆朗玛峰最年轻的英国女性，这样的成就是她以前没有预料到的。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯说，她从来没有预料到有一天她可能会成为到达珠穆朗玛峰最年轻的英国女性。A. measure测量；B. approach接近；C. admire钦佩；D. reach到达。根据后文的“the peak of Mount Everest.”可知，她到达珠穆朗玛峰。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，詹姆斯是一名职业冒险家。A. patient有耐心的；B. ordinary普通的；C. professional专业的；D. honest诚实的。根据后文的“Alongside her successful climb of the world’s 6 peak in 2007, she was a member of the first all-female team to 7 a tiring 650-kilometre ski race to the Magnetic North Pole in 2005, and in 2014 she set the 8 for the longest non-stop open-sea kayak crossing in UK waters.”可知，詹姆斯是一名职业冒险家。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在2007年成功攀登了世界最高峰，2005年，她是第一支全女子团队的成员，完成了650公里的滑雪比赛，到达磁北极。A. coldest最冷的；B. highest最高的；C. prettiest最漂亮的；D. straightest最直的。根据前文的“the youngest British woman to 4 the peak of Mount Everest.”可知，她攀登的是珠穆朗玛峰，是世界最高峰。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在2007年成功攀登了世界最高峰，2005年，她是第一支全女子团队的成员，完成了650公里的滑雪比赛，到达磁北极。A. complete完成；B. coach训练；C. judge判断；D. cancel取消。根据前文“Alongside her successful climb of the world’s 6 peak in 2007”和后文“a tiring 650-kilometre ski race to the Magnetic North Pole in 2005”可知，詹姆斯不但成功攀登了世界最高峰，也完成了650公里的滑雪比赛。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2014年，她创造了英国水域最长的不间断公海皮划艇穿越纪录。A. record记录；B. date日期；C. goal目标；D. standard标准。根据后文的“for the longest non-stop open-sea kayak crossing in UK waters”可知，她创造了英国水域最长的不间断公海皮划艇穿越纪录。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在她18岁的第一次探险之前，詹姆斯怀疑自己是否能在没有热水澡舒适的情况下在寒冷中坚持一个月。A. lost丢失；B. doubted怀疑；C. limited限制；D. developed发展。根据前文的“ahead of her first exploration at the age of 18”可推知，在第一次探险之前詹姆斯对自己的能力充满怀疑。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只有离开舒适区，我们才能了解自己真正的潜力，”她解释说，“那就是奇迹发生的时候。”A. entering进入；B. restoring恢复；C. leaving离开；D. expanding扩大。根据后文的“our comfort zone that we understand our true potential”可知，要离开舒适区，才能了解自己真正的潜力。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“只有离开舒适区，我们才能了解自己真正的潜力，”她解释说，“那就是奇迹发生的时候。”A. emergency紧急情况；B. accident事故；C. event事件；D. magic奇迹，魔术。根据前文的“It’s only by 10 our comfort zone that we understand our true potential”可知，只有离开舒适区，我们才能了解自己真正的潜力，才会像她一样突破自己，奇迹才会发生。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯鼓励想要成为冒险者的人不要被传统的粗犷、顽强的探险家形象使得失去兴趣。A. pushed ahead向前推进；B. kept apart分开；C. cheered up欢呼；D. put off使失去兴趣，推迟。根据后文的“by the conventional image of the rugged (粗犷的), hardy explorer”可知，传统的粗犷、顽强的探险家形象很有可能会使想要成为冒险者的人失去兴趣。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“我坚信，只要得到适当的支持和技能，每个人都能在探索中有所作为。有时候，只有在这个领域，人们隐藏的才能才能显现出来，尤其是在探索的过程中。”A. something某事；B. nothing没有什么；C. anything任何事；D. everything每件事。根据前文的“I am such a believer that, with the right support and skills, everyone can bring...”可推知，只要得到适当的支持和技能，每个人都能在探索中有所作为。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“我坚信，只要得到适当的支持和技能，每个人都能在探索中有所作为。有时候，只有在这个领域，人们隐藏的才能才能显现出来，尤其是在探索的过程中。”A. academic学术的；B. creative创造性的；C. hidden隐藏的；D. artistic艺术的。根据后文的“talents emerge”可知，隐藏的才能显现出来。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“我坚信，只要得到适当的支持和技能，每个人都能在探索中有所作为。有时候，只有在这个领域，人们隐藏的才能才能显现出来，尤其是在探索的过程中。”A. eventually最终；B. particularly特别；C. generally一般；D. obviously显然。根据前文的“Sometimes, it’s only out in the field that someone’s 14 talents emerge”和后文“in the process of exploration.”可知，尤其是在探索的过程中，才能激发人们的潜力，人们隐藏的才能才能显现出来。故选B项。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A composting (堆肥) program at The Wesley School in Los Angeles is helping students get hands-on experience and ways ____36____ (handle) human-driven climate change. For the past year all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill ____37____ it would be buried and would produce planet-warming gases.
The school’s composting program ____38____ (come) into being in 2022, and this year, the school held a ____39____（celebrate) to reveal what happened inside a series of five-foot-tall containers. Steven Wynbrandt, a local farmer ____40____ composting consultant who has helped the school with its program, broke the ties that held the container closed. Rich black compost spilled out from the container.
The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will ____41____ (offer) to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.
It takes two hours for the container to be emptied and prepared to receive ____42____ next day’s lunch leftovers. The other containers remain full of food waste that is in the process of ____43____ (break) down. Decorated ____44____ (poster) on the outside of each container indicate when they can be opened so that the next generation of plants on campus can benefit ____45____ the rich soil.
【答案】36. to handle
37. where38. came
39. celebration
40. and41. be offered
42. the43. breaking
44. posters
45. from
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了洛杉矶的一个堆肥项目。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：洛杉矶韦斯利学校的一个堆肥项目正在帮助学生获得实践经验，并找到应对人为气候变化的方法。ways to do sth.“做某事的方法”，用handle“处理，解决”的不定式作定语。故答案为to handle。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在过去的一年里，学校所有剩下的食物垃圾都被放进了堆肥容器，而不是填埋，填埋会产生导致地球变暖的气体。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是landfill，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故答案为where。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：这所学校的堆肥项目于2022年开始，今年，学校举行了一场庆祝活动，展示了一系列5英尺高的集装箱里发生的事情。come into being“形成”。该空是句子谓语，根据in 2022可知，句子时态是一般过去时，谓语动词是过去式。故答案为came。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：这所学校的堆肥项目于2022年开始，今年，学校举行了一场庆祝活动，展示了一系列5英尺高的集装箱里发生的事情。该空是held的宾语，前面是不定冠词a，故为名词单数形式，celebrate“庆祝”，是动词，celebration是名词形式。故答案为celebration。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：当地农民兼堆肥顾问史蒂文·温布兰特帮助学校开展了这个项目，他打破了固定集装箱的纽带。空格前面是local farmer“当地农民”和后面的composting consultant“堆肥顾问”是并列的，都是前面这个人的身份，表示他是一个当地农民和堆肥顾问，用连词and连接。故答案为and。
【41题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：一些将提供给那些想在家里使用它的家庭，剩下的将被捐赠。主语Some指的是前句的the compost中的一些，故与offer“提供”是被动关系，句子是被动语态，用be offered，结合空前的will可知，句子用一般将来时的被动语态。故答案为be offered。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：将容器清空并准备接收第二天午餐剩饭需要两个小时。next“下一个的”，修饰名词时，前面通常有定冠词the，此处表示:第二天的午饭剩饭。故答案为the。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：其他容器仍然装满了正在分解的食物垃圾。in the process of “在……的过程中”，介词of后接宾语，break down“分解”，是动词短语，用动名词，作宾语。故答案为breaking。
【44题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：每个容器外面都有装饰海报，标明何时可以打开，这样校园里的下一代植物就能从肥沃的土壤中受益。该空是句子主语，poster“海报”，可数名词，此处表示泛指，故为复数。故答案为 posters。
【45题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：每个容器外面都有装饰海报，标明何时可以打开，这样校园里的下一代植物就能从肥沃的土壤中受益。benefit from “从……受益”，是固定短语，此处表示:校园里植物的后代能从富饶的土壤中受益。故答案为from。
第三部分写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假如你是李华，你市电视台正面向留学生开展主题为“Feel of China”的短视频（short video）征集活动。请给你的留学生朋友Chris写一封邮件，鼓励他参加，内容包括：
1.活动介绍；
2.内容要求。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
How are you doing
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Chris,
How are you doing To help foreign students embrace culture, our city TV station is organizing a short video solicitation activity themed “Feel of China”. I think you should sign up for it.
All foreign students are welcome to share the unexpected adventures or amazing moments documented in China through the lens within 5 minutes. It set no limits on topics or styles, allowing participants to have free access to whatever they find fascinating and impressive about China. The deadline for the submission is March 24th, 2024.
Looking forward to seeing your video on TV.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生朋友写一封邮件，鼓励他参见主题为“Feel of China”的短视频征集活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
帮助：help→assist
活动：activity→event
报名：sign up→enroll
令人惊讶的：amazing→astonishing
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To help foreign students embrace culture, our city TV station is organizing a short video solicitation activity themed “Feel of China”.
拓展句：To help foreign students embrace culture, our city TV station is organizing a short video solicitation activity whose theme is “Feel of China”.
【点睛】【高分句型1】All foreign students are welcome to share the unexpected adventures or amazing moments documented in China through the lens within 5 minutes. （运用了过去分词做定语）
【高分句型2】It set no limits on topics or styles, allowing participants to have free access to whatever they find fascinating and impressive about China.（运用了whatever引导的宾语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was July 2019 and my mum Rebecca was taking me on a 120km walking holiday from Portugal to Spain as a special treat for my 10th birthday. One day, while walking along the coastal path staring out at the Atlantic ocean, I chatted away to Mum. “When Lexi turns.10, are you going to take her on a trip like this ” I asked, referring to my seven-year-old sister. Mum said Lexi had already asked to go to Svalbard in the north of Norway because she was crazy about polar bears.
Although I was still on my first special trip, I'd been learning about ancient civilizations at school and knew I'd love to see some relics in the flesh. So I continued saying, “Why don’t I go to Egypt while you're in Svalbard with Lexi ”, adding that my dad, Olaf, could take me there. “Great, but I'm not paying for it.” Muim replied, chuckling. “That’s fine. I'll pay,” I said, “I’ll save up my pocket money and get a job."
So that’s exactly what I did. Though I was too young to do any other paid work, I had my own solution. I started saving my $10-a-week pocket money. Also, I washed my parents’car or mowed the lawn for extra cash.
In 2020, we moved to Perth. One day, I saw a pamphlet（小册子） in the letter box advertising a job delivering catalogues. When I told Mum I wanted to do it, she tried to put me off the idea, reminding me that the work was tiring and time-consuming. But when seeing the determination in my eyes, she agreed to call them. Thankfully, my young age didn’t bother them-I got the job. On a Monday, a mountain of catalogues were dropped off at our house, which shocked me a lot. I told myself to calm down and dedicated to work. It took me nine hours to sort through them. At first, I used my bike and carried the catalogues in my backpack to deliver them to 430 houses in my area.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
After several deliveries, I found it wasn't very efficient.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Three and a half years later I saved a massive $6,500, and Dad and I flew to Cairo, Egypt.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
After several deliveries, I found it wasn't very efficient. Strained by the weight of the catalogues and limited by the bike’s capacity, I was compelled to seek a better method. Collaborating with Dad, we devised a solution: constructing a small cart for towing behind my bike, a move that drastically expanded my delivery capabilities. This innovation cut my delivery time in half and made the job less physically demanding. Witnessing my savings account grow, bolstered by determination and familial support, transformed the catalogues from mere paper into tickets to my dream.
Three and a half years later, I saved a massive $6,500, and Dad and I flew to Cairo, Egypt. Upon arrival, the realization of my dream was overwhelming. Confronted with the majestic pyramids, symbols of the ancient civilization I yearned to explore, the experience was surreal. As Dad and I wandered through the bustling streets of Cairo, the sights, sounds, and smells of the city were a stark contrast to where my journey began. This adventure, the fruit of long-lasting saving meticulous planning, and relentless dreaming, stood as proof that perseverance and creativity can turn the loftiest dreams into reality.
【解析】
【导语】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者通过自己的努力和家人的支持，实现埃及之旅的故事。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几次递送后，我发现效率不是很高。”可知，第一段可描写作者通过努力和创新解决效率低的问题。
②由第二段首句内容“三年半后，我存了6500美元，爸爸和我飞往埃及开罗。”可知，第二段可描写作者实现梦想，到达埃及以及感悟。
2.续写线索：发现效率低——创新方案解决问题——攒够所需费用——实现埃及之旅——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①寻找：seek/look for/search after
②想出：devise/come up with
③加强改善：bolster/improve/enhance
情绪类
①崇高的：lofty/noble/sublime
②一丝不苟的：meticulous/scrupulous/cautious
【点睛】[高分句型1] Collaborating with Dad, we devised a solution: constructing a small cart for towing behind my bike, a move that drastically expanded my delivery capabilities.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]. As Dad and I wandered through the bustling streets of Cairo, the sights, sounds, and smells of the city were a stark contrast to where my journey began.（运用了 as引导的时间状语从句以及where引导的宾语从句）《2024年高考英语二轮复习增分必刷题》
专题13高考真题熟词生义+高阶单词短语100例（3月第1周）+名校月考卷
原卷版
一、真题熟词生义（背一背，悟一悟，轻松跨越词汇障碍）
1. across熟义：prep.____________ ★ 生义：ad. ____________
[2019 浙江卷6月]The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests…
在加州46000平方英里的森林中, 直径大于2英尺的树木数量减少了50％…
2. attack熟义：n. ____________ ★生义：vt. ____________
[2019 全国卷Ⅲ]When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.
当一名学生在社交媒体上公然抨击一名教授时, 所使用的语言已经很能说明这个学生的问题了。
3. employ熟义：vt. ____________ ★生义：vt. ____________
[2019 全国卷I]The likables’ plays well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
可爱的孩子身上那种能与他人相处融洽的品质加强了学校里的友谊, 加快了人际交往能力的发展, 而且, 如果及早加以开发, 就会在以后的生活和工作中发挥作用。
4. escape熟义：vt. ____________ ★生义：vt. ____________
[2019 全国卷I]A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
午餐时的暂时解脱能让她免受老板的差遣。
5. fall 熟义：vi. ____________ ★生义：n. ____________
[2019 全国卷I]Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
适用对象：15-29岁, 秋季开学的学生。
6. fuel熟义：n. ____________ ★ 生义：vt. ____________
[2019 全国卷Ⅲ]..how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. …
几个世纪以来中国是如何刺激时尚想象力的。
7. live熟义：vi. ____________ ★生义：adv. ____________
[2019 全国卷Ⅲ]After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.
当披头士应邀参加BBC的现场直播后, 他们通过全国巡演迅速在英国蹿红。
8. mean熟义：____________ ★生义：adj. ____________
[2o19 全国卷I]Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.
然后我进入了少年、青少年时期, 遇到了很多刻薄的女孩和耍酷的孩子。
9. name熟义：n. ____________ ★生义：n____________
[2019 浙江卷6月]John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
约翰 列侬和保罗 麦卡特尼被评为年度最佳作曲家。
10. position熟义：n. ____________ ★生义：n. ____________
[2019 全国卷I]Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
通过暑期就业机会项目, 学生每年都被雇们到省公共服务部门、相关机构和社区团体的各种暑期岗位上。
11. read熟义：vt. ____________ ★生义：vt. ____________n. ____________
[2019 全国卷I]Here she picks her top reads. 在这里她选出了几本她最喜欢的书。
12. shade熟义：n. ____________ ★生义：n. ____________
[20l9 全国卷I]I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.
从我站的地方, 我数了数有十二种绿色.
13. single熟义：adj. ____________ ★生义：n. ____________
[2019 浙江卷6月]Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties.
木板上的钞票大多是一元纸币, 但有几个人留下了五元的, 十元的, 甚至是二十元的纸币。
14. tap熟义：vt. ____________ ★生义：vt. ____________
[2019 全国卷I]The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
可爱的孩子与他人相处融洽的品质加强了学校里的友谊, 加快了人际交往能力的发展, 而且, 如果及早加以开发, 就会在以后的生活和工作中发挥作用。
15. trip熟义：n. ____________ ★生义：vi. ____________
[20l9 全国卷I]Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.
克里斯在发“ld”音时磕巴了, 许多母语不是英语的人在发这个音时都有点困难。
16. value熟义：n. ____________ ★生义：n. ____________
[20l9 全国卷Ⅲ]They were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
猴子们在运算, 而不仅仅是记住每次相加的数值。
二、高阶单词（背一背，默一默，轻松跨越词汇障碍）
1. essential n.
2. update n.
3. mechanics n.
4. tremendous a.
5. chase v.
6. era n
7. upgrade vt
8. gadget n
9. cuisine n
10. swift a
11. thorough a
12. immunity n
13. misinformation n
14. postpone v
15. conserve v
16. reproduce v
17. extinction n
18. decline vt
19. bonus n
20. mascot n
21. reception n
22. mechanical a
23. reflection n
24. cover vt
25. explosive n a
26. preserve v
27. priority n
28. reserve v
29. proportion n
30. statistics n
31. accumulate v
32. tackle vt
33. transparent a
34. occupied a
35. launch vt
36. indifferent a
37. refund n
38. fate n.
39. pursue v.
40. diploma n.
41. candidate n.
42. demanding a
43. procedure n.
44. mechanical a
45. garage n
46. perceive v.
47. venues n.
48. insurance n.
49. somehow ad
50. anyhow ad.
三、高阶短语（背一背，默一默，轻松跨越词汇障碍）
1. step in
2. wipe out
3. in person
4. in part
5. put away
6. cast away
7. make sense
8. stand for
9. 总而言之
10. make room for
11. in the event of
12. allow for
13. in preference to
14. vary from. . to…
15. As Mr Smith put it
16. object to
17. let alone
18. all of a sudden
19. to make matters worse
20. leave sb alone
21. You name it.
22. intangible cultural heritage
23. be on the decline
24. be diagnosed with
25. an online retailer
26. give up halfway
27. gain access to sth
28. at one point
29. at home and abroad
30. under guarantee
31. be immune to sth
32. be infected with
33. subscribe to
34. date from/date back to
35. decline to do
36. only if
37. if only
38. divide…into…
39. gain worldwide recognition
40. originate from
41. by design
42. even worse
43. reflect on
44. answer for
45. in reality
46. pose no threat to
47. shoulder responsibility for
48. raise awareness of
49. needless to say
50. first-aid kit
四、名校月考题（做一做，悟一悟，轻松跨越能力障碍）
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
2024 Travel Planner: The Best Things to See in the UK
Icons of British Fashion, Oxfordshire
A fashion exhibition will open at Blenheim Palace in March. Icons of British Fashion is the largest event in the palace’s 300-year history and will showcase some of Britain’s most famous designers. Clothing, drawings, photographs and patterns will be on display. 23 March to 30 June. Palace entry tickets are valid for a year and cost 38 for adults, 22 for under-16s.
Toulouse-Lautrec in Bath
A new exhibition, Toulouse-Lautrec and the Masters of Montmartre, opens at Victoria Art Gallery in Bath in April. More than 30 pieces from the artist’s colourful career will be shown alongside works by other artists of the day. This is the only chance to see Lautrec’s complete collection of posters in the UK before it moves to a permanent home at the Musée d’Ixelles in Belgium. 26 April to 29 September, adults 10, children 3.50.
Back in Time at Beamish
A truly recreated 1950s picture house at Beamish will offer visitors a chance to recall the golden age of movie-going. The cinema will be the latest addition to a “1950s Town” opened last summer at the living history museum. Adults 24.95, children 15.45, a family of four 63.50, valid for a year.
National Gallery goes on tour
The National Gallery celebrates its 200th anniversary on 10 May. To mark the occasion， the gallery is lending 12 of its most iconic paintings to 12 venues across the UK. Paintings will travel to centres from Brighton to Edinburgh, and will all go on display on 10 May. Each of the 12 venues will run exhibitions and digital interventions to showcase its particular painting.
1. How much should a couple with a 5-year-old pay for Blenheim’s exhibition
A. 23.50. B. 60.00. C. 63.50. D. 98.00.
2. What do Toulouse-Lautrec and National Gallery have in common
A. Recalling the artist’s career.
B. Offering chances to make posters.
C. Employing digital interventions.
D. Enabling visitors to enjoy arts.
3. Which of the following is a year-round event
A. Icons of British Fashion.
B. Toulouse-Lautrec and the Masters of Montmartre.
C. 1950s Picture House Visit.
D. National Gallery Painting Show.
B
The memory of one particular summer evening is still burned in my brain as if it were yesterday. There was nothing but wide-open fields for miles and miles around our rural Minnesota home. We never saw strangers not ever and here on this hot evening was a real live one walking up our driveway.
A young man, a slightly-built hitchhiker (搭便车的人) approached our door. He knew there was a storm coming, and he desperately needed shelter. Not wanting to intrude on our home and family, he asked my dad if he could sleep in our basement for the night for protection from the rain. Instead of saying yes, my dad loaded us all up in the 1959 Chevrolet: five kids, my mum, and the man.
Our family consisted of three older children whose father had died young and three more children from the union of my mother and father. Our older brother Jerry was in the Navy, on a ship somewhere overseas. Our mum and dad worried about him.
We drove him 10 miles to the next town, where Dad bought the man a room for the night along with a hot evening meal. In the car after we dropped off the stranger, I heard my dad say to my mum, “I just hope that if Jerry ever needs anything, this kindness will be returned to him.”
Weeks later, Dad told my uncle about the young man. My uncle suggested that perhaps my dad shouldn’t have taken the risk of having a stranger in our car. My dad replied, “You are absolutely right. I should have invited him into our home.”
4. What does the underlined phrase “intrude on” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Disturb. B. Scare. C. Embarrass. D. Upset.
5. How did the author’s father help the stranger
A. By providing a bed for him in the basement.
B. By letting him stay for the night in the car.
C. By taking him to a hotel in another town.
D. By cooking a hot evening meal for him.
6. What do we know about the author’s family
A. The family had five children in total.
B. Jerry was serving in the army in the USA.
C. They had no spare room for the hitchhiker.
D. Dad wished his elder son to be treated kindly.
7. What did the author’s uncle think of his father’s deed
A. Worthwhile. B. Inappropriate. C. Inspiring. D. Unbelievable.
C
Almost all new parents struggle to get enough sleep while caring for their newborns. For some penguin (企鹅) parents, though, periods of sleep are especially short.
Researchers recently found that Chinstrap penguins only sleep for about four seconds at a time in order to protect their eggs and newborn chicks. They do this thousands of times throughout the day. The short “microsleeps” total around 11 hours each day. The microsleeps appear to be enough to keep the parents going for many weeks.
Niels Rattenborg, a sleep researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence in Germany, said, “What’s surprising is that the penguins are able to function okay and successfully raise their young.”
Chinstrap penguins usually lay their eggs in November in nests made up of small rocks. Mated (交配的) pairs share parenting responsibilities. One parent usually watches the eggs and chicks alone while the other goes off fishing for family meals. Adult penguins don’t face many natural enemies in the mating season. But large birds called brown skuas eat the penguin eggs and small chicks. Other adult penguins may also try to steal the small rocks from the nests, so penguin parents must always be on guard.
For the first time, scientists followed the sleeping behavior of Chinstrap penguins. They did this by attaching devices that measure brain waves. They collected data on 14 adults over 11 days on King George Island off the coast of Antarctica.
Won Young Lee, a biologist at the Korean Polar Research Institute, thought of the idea for the study when he saw mating penguins often blinking (眨) their eyes and possibly sleeping. But the team needed to record brain waves to confirm the animals were sleeping. “For these penguins, microsleeps have some restorative functions,” he said. He added that they would not survive without it.
The researchers didn’t collect sleep data outside the mating season. But they suspect that the penguins may sleep for longer periods at other times of the year.
8. What have researchers found about Chinstrap penguins
A. They take turns to take care of the young.
B. They sleep for several seconds at a time.
C. They rest for 11 hours in a row every day.
D. They behave poorly due to lack of sleep.
9. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The habitats of the penguins. B. The living habits of the penguins.
C. The mating seasons of the penguins. D. The natural enemies of the penguins.
10. Which of the following might Won Young Lee agree with
A. Microsleeps of the penguins matter in their survival.
B. It’s difficult to record brain waves of the penguins.
C. The penguins may sleep longer than people believe.
D. More funds are needed to further study the penguins.
11. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A book review. B. A travel brochure.
C. A science journal. D. A chemistry textbook.
D
When people think of word innovators throughout history, male writers likely come to mind. Shakespeare is credited with inventing more than 1,700 words, including “bedroom”, “courtship” and “swagger”. Charles Dickens is said to have first used the words “butterfingers” and “doormat”, and Dr. Seuss reportedly came up with “nerd”.
But despite contributions from famous writers, historians say another group has an even greater impact on the development of language: teenage girls. Women lead up to 90 percent of linguistic (语言的) changes, as sociolinguist William Labov observed in the early 2000s. In fact, he wrote, women are often linguistically ahead of men “by a full generation”.
Now women are leading the charge online. Though Oxford University Press’2023 word of the year, “rizz”, meaning charm, was coined by a man, several runners-up, including “situationship” and “swiftie” were inspired or first used by women. The term “goblin mode”, which refers to lazy behavior, was Oxford’s 2022 word of the year and appears to have been first used by a woman on Twitter in 2009.
It’s often impossible to tell who first used new words. But whether or not young girls invent new phrases, they are more likely to be early adopters of the latest lingo (术语), says University of Toronto linguist Sali Tagliamonte, “They’re pushing changes forward.”
There are a handful of possible reasons why girls lead lexical (词汇的) innovation. According to Gretchen McCulloch, author of Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, women tend to be more socially aware. They have larger social circles and may be exposed to more language diversity. And because women tend to be caregivers, boys usually learn language from their mothers, whereas women and girls learn words from other women.
12. Why does the author mention some words coined by male writers
A. To compare male and female writers.
B. To introduce some well-known writers.
C. To lead in the topic to be talked about.
D. To put forward a point to be proved.
13. Which of the following words was invented by a male
A. Rizz. B. Situationship. C. Swiftie. D. Goblin mode.
14. Who thinks women’s social awareness contributes to lexical innovation
A. Dr. Seuss. B. William Labov.
C. Sali Tagliamonte. D. Gretchen McCulloch.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. New Words Are Added to English Dictionaries
B. Female Teens Take a Lead in Linguistic Changes
C. Women Are More Sensitive to Language Diversity
D. New Terms Make Communication More Colorful
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Deal with Awkward Silences
We all know what it’s like when a conversation dies off and you’re left to sit in silence. ____16____ Thankfully, filling these silences isn’t as difficult as it may seem. Read on to learn how to initiate small talk and deal with awkward silences.
Think of topics ahead of time.
Before attending a social event, think of a few “go-to” topics to jumpstart a dead conversation. This will help you to fill the silences instead of struggling for words in the moment. Recent news, local events, popular books and television shows are all good fallback options. ____17____
Ask open-ended questions.
Ask questions that have more than one possible answer. ____18____ They help avoid resulting in short response. For example, instead of asking, “Did you like your high school ”, you could ask, “What did you like about your high school ”
____19____
As with any good conversation, the biggest key is to listen. If they respond to your question with a short statement such as “Yes”or “No”, that might indicate that they aren’t comfortable talking about a particular subject. Instead, talk about something that you know they're interested in. For example, “I heard you won your football game the other night. I’d love to hear about it.”
Give a compliment (表扬).
____20____ For example, you could say, “I really like your shirt. Where did you get it ” This could move the conversation in another direction while making the other person feel good. Stick to saying nice things if you’re trying to make small talk.
A. Keep the conversation flowing.
B. It also allows you to spend more time together.
C. Listen carefully and respond to their reactions.
D. There’s only one word to describe it: awkward.
E. This is always a safe bet, as long as it’s appropriate.
F. Such questions are likely to get the person talking more.
G. However, avoid some subjects that may cause arguments.
第二部分语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Growing up on a farm, Tori James spent much of her early years outdoors, building shelters and playing in muddy streams. She ____21____ herself as an ambitious and adventurous child and owes the Duke of Edinburgh Award to her love for ____22____. James says she could never have ____23____ that one day she might be the youngest British woman to ____24____ the peak of Mount Everest.
Today, James is a(n) ____25____ adventurer. Alongside her successful climb of the world’s ____26____ peak in 2007, she was a member of the first all-female team to ____27____ a tiring 650-kilometre ski race to the Magnetic North Pole in 2005, and in 2014 she set the ____28____ for the longest non-stop open-sea kayak crossing in UK waters.
Yet ahead of her first exploration at the age of 18, James had ____29____ her ability to last a month out in the cold without the comfort of a hot bath. “It’s only by ______30______ our comfort zone that we understand our true potential,” she explains, “That’s when the ______31______ happens.”
James encourages would-be adventurers not to be ______32______ by the conventional image of the rugged (粗犷的), hardy explorer. “I am such a believer that, with the right support and skills, everyone can bring ______33______ to an exploration,” she adds, “Sometimes, it’s only out in the field that someone’s ______34______ talents emerge, ______35______ in the process of exploration.”
21. A. describes B. admits C. imagines D. praises
22. A. wildlife B. science C. exploration D. competition
23. A. explained B. understood C. declared D. predicted
24. A. measure B. approach C. admire D. reach
25. A. patient B. ordinary C. professional D. honest
26. A. coldest B. highest C. prettiest D. straightest
27. A. complete B. coach C. judge D. cancel
28. A. record B. date C. goal D. standard
29. A. lost B. doubted C. limited D. developed
30. A. entering B. restoring C. leaving D. expanding
31. A. emergency B. accident C. event D. magic
32. A. pushed ahead B. kept apart C. cheered up D. put off
33. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
34. A. academic B. creative C. hidden D. artistic
35. A. eventually B. particularly C. generally D. obviously
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A composting (堆肥) program at The Wesley School in Los Angeles is helping students get hands-on experience and ways ____36____ (handle) human-driven climate change. For the past year all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill ____37____ it would be buried and would produce planet-warming gases.
The school’s composting program ____38____ (come) into being in 2022, and this year, the school held a ____39____（celebrate) to reveal what happened inside a series of five-foot-tall containers. Steven Wynbrandt, a local farmer ____40____ composting consultant who has helped the school with its program, broke the ties that held the container closed. Rich black compost spilled out from the container.
The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will ____41____ (offer) to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.
It takes two hours for the container to be emptied and prepared to receive ____42____ next day’s lunch leftovers. The other containers remain full of food waste that is in the process of ____43____ (break) down. Decorated ____44____ (poster) on the outside of each container indicate when they can be opened so that the next generation of plants on campus can benefit ____45____ the rich soil.
第三部分写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假如你是李华，你市电视台正面向留学生开展主题为“Feel of China”的短视频（short video）征集活动。请给你的留学生朋友Chris写一封邮件，鼓励他参加，内容包括：
1.活动介绍；
2.内容要求。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
How are you doing
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was July 2019 and my mum Rebecca was taking me on a 120km walking holiday from Portugal to Spain as a special treat for my 10th birthday. One day, while walking along the coastal path staring out at the Atlantic ocean, I chatted away to Mum. “When Lexi turns.10, are you going to take her on a trip like this ” I asked, referring to my seven-year-old sister. Mum said Lexi had already asked to go to Svalbard in the north of Norway because she was crazy about polar bears.
Although I was still on my first special trip, I'd been learning about ancient civilizations at school and knew I'd love to see some relics in the flesh. So I continued saying, “Why don’t I go to Egypt while you're in Svalbard with Lexi ”, adding that my dad, Olaf, could take me there. “Great, but I'm not paying for it.” Muim replied, chuckling. “That’s fine. I'll pay,” I said, “I’ll save up my pocket money and get a job."
So that’s exactly what I did. Though I was too young to do any other paid work, I had my own solution. I started saving my $10-a-week pocket money. Also, I washed my parents’car or mowed the lawn for extra cash.
In 2020, we moved to Perth. One day, I saw a pamphlet（小册子） in the letter box advertising a job delivering catalogues. When I told Mum I wanted to do it, she tried to put me off the idea, reminding me that the work was tiring and time-consuming. But when seeing the determination in my eyes, she agreed to call them. Thankfully, my young age didn’t bother them-I got the job. On a Monday, a mountain of catalogues were dropped off at our house, which shocked me a lot. I told myself to calm down and dedicated to work. It took me nine hours to sort through them. At first, I used my bike and carried the catalogues in my backpack to deliver them to 430 houses in my area.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
After several deliveries, I found it wasn't very efficient.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Three and a half years later I saved a massive $6,500, and Dad and I flew to Cairo, Egypt.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
