(共26张PPT)
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
1.通过分析教材，了解单词在句子中的连读规律。（语言能力，学习能力）
2.通过听和谈论历史人物及其对社会的影响，加深对该话题的理解，提高口语表达水平。（语言能力，文化意识）
3.根据语境理解生词和习语。（学习能力）
4.识记本单元单词、短语和句式。（语言能力）
Ⅰ.释义匹配
1.philosophy( )
C
2.chief( )
D
3.military( )
H
4.gallery( )
E
5.port( )
A
6.landscape( )
B
7.county( )
F
8.pub( )
G
A.n.港口（城市）
B.n.（陆上，尤指乡村的）风景
C.n.哲学
D.adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．（公司或机构的）首领；酋长
E.n.（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊
F.n.（英国、爱尔兰的）郡；（美国的）县
G.n.酒吧；酒馆
H.adj.军事的；军用的
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1._______ n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→________ adj.困惑的→________
adj.令人费解的
puzzle
puzzled
puzzling
2.______ adj.法律的；合法的→_______ adj.非法的
legal
illegal
3._________ vt.围绕；包围→____________ n.环境→___________ adj.周围的；附近的
surround
surroundings
surrounding
4._________ n.证据；证明→________ adj.明显的；明白的
evidence
evident
5.____________ n.成就；成绩；达到→________ v.完成；（凭长期努力）达到（某目
标、地位、标准）
achievement
achieve
6.__________ adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→_________ v.使着迷；迷住→__________
adj.入迷的；极感兴趣的
fascinating
fascinate
fascinated
7._________adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→__________ adv.慷慨地；大方地
→__________ n.慷慨；大方；宽宏大量
generous
generously
generosity
8.______ adj.热切的；渴望的→________ adv.热切地；渴望地→_________ n.渴望；热
心
eager
eagerly
eagerness
9.______ vt.问候；迎接→________ n.问候；迎接
greet
greeting
10.________ adj.感觉的；感官的→______ n.意识；理智；判断力v.意识到；感觉到
sensory
sense
1.join... ___ ...把……和……连接或联结起来
to
2.break ______ （from sb/sth） 脱离；背叛；逃脱
away
3.belong ___ 属于
to
4.as well as ______________________
同（一样也）；和；还
5.keep your eyes open （for） ____________
留心；留意
1.So what is the difference between them, if any （if any为省略句式）
翻译 如果有区别的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么呢
仿写 Problems,_______, should be solved without delay.有问题应该及时解决。
if any
2.Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined. .to create the Kingdom
of Great Britain.（动词不定式作目的状语）
翻译 后来,在18世纪,苏格兰加入创建了大不列颠王国。
仿写 She gave up her job __________________ with the children.为了有更多的时间
和孩子们相处,她放弃了自己的工作。
to have more time
3.They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same
currency and military defence.（过去分词作原因状语）
翻译 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，称为“英国国旗”。
仿写Hangzhou,_______________________, has changed greatly.以西湖闻名的杭州已发
生巨大变化。
known for its West Lake
4.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four
different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
（everywhere引导地点状语从句）
翻译 几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方,周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不
同的时期统治着英国。
仿写 ___________________, he was introduced as the current United States Open
Champion.无论他走到哪里,人们都介绍他是本届美国公开赛的冠军。
Everywhere he went
Ⅰ.听说词汇翻译
1.Confucius n.______
孔子
2.mansion n.____________
公馆；宅第
3.cemetery n.____________
墓地；公墓
4.descendant n.__________________
后裔；后代；子孙
5.individual adj.________________
n.______
单独的；个别的
个人
6.heel n.________________________________
足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟
7.temple n.______
寺庙
8.confusion n.______
困惑
9.the family tree______
家谱
10.Dacheng Hall________
大成殿
11.be similar to____________
和……相似
12.noticeable adj.________
显眼的
13.Achilles' heel____________
致命的弱点
Ⅱ.阅读下面的对话并注意连读
W：Hi, David. I think you're fat.
M：I'm too busy to take any exercise.
W：That is just an excuse. You can always find some time to exercise.
M：But I work hard all day for long hours. I often have no time for lunch.
W：I think not eating meals can't help you lose weight. Instead, you will eat more in the evening.
M：I know you're right, but what can I do
W：How about going for a walk instead of watching TV on the sofa every evening
M：But it's too boring.
W：Why not take an Apple Watch with you You can enjoy the music and get healthy at the same time.
Ⅲ.口语交际训练
根据提示完成下面对话。
美国留学生Jack想在寒假期间通过旅游来加深对中国的了解，正向中国好友小明
寻求建议。
Jack：The winter holiday is approaching. I want to travel around China. Can you
give me some advice
Xiaoming:Of course. As you know, there are 1._______________________（很多名胜
古迹） in China. Do you have any plans
Jack:I'm not sure. In fact, I want to visit some places in Shandong.
lots of places of interest
Xiaoming:Good idea.2.________________________（就我而言）， going to Mountain
Tai is a good choice.
Jack:Why
Xiaoming:Because Mountain Tai has a long history and wonderful sights. In addition,
climbing the mountain is 3.___________________________________（不但对你的身体
健康有益）， 4.________________________________（而且给你带来了很多勇气）.
Jack:That sounds great. Maybe I can enjoy the fantastic sunrise in the morning, which
is really 5.___________________（视觉盛宴）．
Xiaoming:Wish you a good journey.
As far as I am concerned
not only good for your physical health
but also brings you lots of courage
a feast for the eyes
核心单词
知识点1 allow v.允许；准许；给予；承认
（P38）His hometown doesn't allow other buildings to be more noticeable than the historic buildings.他的家乡不允许其他建筑比这些历史建筑更引人注目。
知识拓展
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
allow doing sth 允许做某事
sb/sth be allowed to do sth某人/某物被允许做某事
allow for 考虑到；将……计算在内
图解释义
When the light turns green, it means that you are allowed to cross the street.交通指示灯变绿意味着你可以过马路。
名师点拨
与allow用法相同的词还有permit和advise：
permit doing sth允许做某事
permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事
advise doing sth 建议做某事
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
融会应用 单句填空
（1）His parents won't allow him _______（stay） out late, which is a family rule.
to stay
（2）You are allowed ____________（complete） your collection of evidence in an
hour.
to complete
（3）We don't allow _________（smoke） here.
smoking
知识点2 individual adj.单独的；个别的 n.个人 ＊individually adv.分别地；各自地
（P39）An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.习语是一种表达方式，它的意思不同于个别词语的意思。
知识拓展
individual decisions 个人决策
teams and individuals 团队和个人
经典佳句
The child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. 那个孩子正处于能说单个的单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）___________ （individual） or groups may enter one of the following
categories.
Individuals
（2）Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student ___________
（individual）．
individually
短语句式
知识点3 be similar to 和……相似
（P38）Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu？你觉得为什么威廉说他的家乡和曲阜相像？
知识拓展
be similar in 在……方面相似
similar interests/views 相似的兴趣/观点
be the same as 与……相同
be different in 在……方面不同
be different from 与……不同
图解释义
The twins are similar to each other in appearance, but different in character.这对双胞胎在长相方面彼此非常相似，但是在性格方面截然不同。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）At our factory， there are a few machines similar ___those described in this
magazine.
to
（2）The two men are similar ___ appearance.
in
（3）In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different ______that
in the UK.
from
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）I bought some new shoes which __________________（与……非常相似） the
pair I had before.
are very similar to
（5）This helps you build relationships with your readers and other
bloggers___________________（志趣相投）.
with similar interests
（6）Sometimes, we feel we are acting correctly _____________________________
（当我们和别人做同样事情时）.
when we do the same as others(共36张PPT)
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing
1.通过分析课文，理解并能够自主运用重要语言点。（语言能力）
2.了解课文大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（语言能力，思维品质）
3.通过学习介绍地点的说明文写作，提高关于该话题的写作水平,并掌握其写作方法及策略。（学习能力）
细读课文，明确教材细节
速读教材第44页课文内容，选择最佳答案。
1.What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring ( )
A
A.The beautiful scenery of the countryside. B.The long history of the countryside.
C.The traditions of the countryside. D.Many green counties in Ireland.
2.According to the passage, Ireland has developed strong traditions because of its ___.
D
A.rare animals B.long history C.talents D.beauty
3.Which of the following is one of the best ways to experience some Irish traditions
and culture ( )
B
A.Dance with the natives.
B.Drink a glass of wine or a local beer in a village pub.
C.Sing a song with the natives.
D.Read some books on Irish traditions and culture.
核心单词
知识点1 roll v.（使）翻滚；（使）滚动 n.卷（轴）；翻滚
（P44）The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
知识拓展
roll down the cheeks 滚下脸颊
roll up 卷起；到达
rock and roll摇滚乐
a chicken roll鸡肉卷
a roll of film 一卷胶卷
be sold in rolls 成卷销售
call the roll 点名
经典佳句
When I was a little kid, I rolled down a hill and broke my leg.我小的时候曾滚下山,摔断了腿。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）She rolled ____the painting and put it on the shelf.
up
（2）She looked at Ginny and tears rolled ______her cheeks.
down
（3）The photographers had already shot a dozen _____（roll） of film.
rolls
知识点2 greet vt.问候；迎接 ＊greeting n.问候；招呼
（P44）．..birds greet the new day with their morning song.……鸟儿用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天。
知识拓展
greet sb with... 以……迎接/问候某人
greet sb warmly 热情地欢迎某人
be greeted by... ……扑面而来
offer greetings to sb 向某人致意
send （one's） greetings to sb 向某人（转达某人的）问好
经典佳句
The local residents greeted us with applause and flowers.当地居民用掌声和鲜花欢迎我们。
He was greeted by an unpleasant smell, which convinced him of what I was saying.一股刺鼻的气味向他扑面而来，这使他相信我正在说的话。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Whenever I met her, she greeted me _____ a sweet smile.
with
（2）At yesterday's party, the performance of the host, intended to please the
audience and draw their attention, ____________（greet） with a cold silence,
however.
was greeted
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）Please ____________________（代我问候） your parents.
send my greetings to
知识点3 custom n.风俗；习俗；习惯
（P44）What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs 体验中国传统和习俗的最佳方式是什么？
知识拓展
local custom 当地的习俗
ancient custom 古老的习俗
it is the custom for sb to do sth 某人做某事是一种习俗
the custom of （doing） sth （做）某事的习俗
经典佳句
It is the custom for Japanese to bow when they meet their acquaintances.日本人遇见熟人时有鞠躬的风俗。
As time goes by, the old customs tend to fall into neglect.随着时间的推移，旧习俗往往被忽视。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）___________________________________________their faces with colored clay.美
洲印第安人过去习惯将彩色泥土涂在脸上。
It was the custom of American Indians to paint
（2）__________________________has now become popular in many other countries.
吃粽子的风俗现在已经在其他许多国家流行起来了。
The custom of eating zongzi
（3）___________________________， the young women gather to dance every
holiday.年轻妇女们遵从古老的风俗，每到假日都聚在一起跳舞。
Following the ancient custom
知识点4 crowd n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤 ＊crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满的
（P46）Dave could not find a seat in the room. It was very crowded.戴夫在房间里找不到座位，那里非常拥挤。
知识拓展
a crowd of/crowds of people 一群/成群的人
crowd in/into... 挤进/涌入……
crowd in on sb （问题或想法）涌上某人心头
crowd into one's mind 涌入某人脑海
be crowded with充满；满是
经典佳句
The crowd crowded into the stadium which was crowded with the audience.人群涌入体育馆里，里面挤满了观众。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The people ______________________ and had a big party.人们涌上街头，举行
了一个盛大的派对。
crowded into the streets
（2）Too many uncomfortable thoughts _______________________.太多令人不舒服的
想法正涌上她的心头。
were crowding in on her
（3）________________________ hurrying along, he followed them.看见一伙人急急
忙忙地往前走，他就跟在他们后面。
Seeing a crowd of people
（4）Our city streets _____________________________, cars and bicycles.我们城市的
街道总是挤满了人、汽车和自行车。
are always crowded with people
短语句式
知识点5 breathe in 吸气；吸入
（P44）On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.在一个山里宁静的早晨，在鸟儿用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的同时，感受洒落在你身上的阳光，呼吸鲜花的芬芳。
知识拓展
breathe out 呼气；呼出
breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气
breathe deeply 深呼吸
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸；屏息以待
out of breath上气不接下气
经典佳句
We breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.我们吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The doctor asked me to__________,and then to breathe out fully.医生先让我吸
气，然后全部呼出。
breathe in
（2）She was slightly _____________from running.她跑得有点上气不接下气。
out of breath
介绍地点的说明文写作
本单元的写作任务是写一篇介绍地点的说明文，用来描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方。它的要点内容可包括：地理位置、面积、人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。有关地点介绍的文章通常采用一般现在时,人称以第三人称为主。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
素材积累
Ⅰ.常用词汇
1.be located in...=lie in 位于……
2.cover an area of... 占地……
3.with a history of... 有……的历史
4.date back to... 追溯到……
5.the most popular tourist attraction 最受欢迎的旅游胜地
6.places of interest 名胜古迹
7.enjoy great popularity 深受欢迎
8.attract v. 吸引
9.feature n. 特色
10.be worth doing... 值得做……
11.make sb unwilling to leave 使某人流连忘返
Ⅱ.话题句式
★精彩开头
1.It is located in...，with an area of...某地坐落在……，面积为……
2.It covers an area of...，with a history of...某地面积为……，有……的历史。
3.The place，located in...and covering an area of...，is one of China's most famous scenic spots.此地位于……，面积为……，是中国最负盛名的景区之一。
4.The history of...dates back to... ……的历史可以追溯到……
5.It has become the most popular tourist attraction since... 从……开始，它已成为最受欢迎的旅游胜地。
★正文佳句
1.There are many places of interest，such as... 那有许多名胜古迹，例如……
2.You can enjoy...，which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.你可以畅游……，它享誉国内外。
3.With...， it is attracting more and more tourists.因为……，它正吸引着越来越多的游客。
4.An interesting feature is... 一个有趣的特色是……
5.With its pleasant climate，rich natural resources and beautiful scenery，...is one of China's major tourist cities.因其宜人的气候、富饶的自然资源和美丽的风景，……是中国主要的旅游城市之一。
6.A trip along...will enable you to get to know...沿着……旅游，你将能了解……
★余味结尾
1....is well worth visiting.……非常值得一游。
2....is a place you have to visit, whose extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave.……是一个你一定要去游玩的地方，它那令人惊奇的风景会让你流连忘返。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
假定你是一名导游,请根据以下内容写一篇120词左右的解说词,标题为“Australia”。
1.澳大利亚位于南太平洋和印度洋之间,是大洋洲最大的国家,面积约为769万平方公里。
2.人口稀少,只有两千多万,多数集中在东南沿海地区。袋鼠（kangaroo）和考拉（koala）是澳大利亚特有的动物。
3.首都堪培拉（Canberra）风景秀丽。
4.悉尼（Sydney）是澳大利亚最大的城市。它有许多名胜古迹,其中悉尼歌剧院（Sydney Opera House）举世闻名。2000年奥运会就是在悉尼举行的。
__________
分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
第一步：审题,确定主题句、主体时态（一般现在时）和人称（第三人称）。
第二步：按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来。把要介绍的地方或国家的特别之处介绍清楚,还要写清楚产生这些特点的原因。
第三步：表述及分段。根据提示内容写出层次清楚、表达正确的短文。
Step 2 要点翻译
1.词汇翻译
（1）占地________________
cover an area of
（2）有……人口____________________
have a population of
（3）澳大利亚的首都_____________________
the capital of Australia
（4）有许多名胜古迹__________________________
have many places of interest
2.句子翻译
（1）澳大利亚位于南太平洋和印度洋之间,是大洋洲最大的国家。
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________
Australia, which is the largest country in Oceania, lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.
（2）澳大利亚面积约为769万平方公里。
__________________________________________________________
Australia covers an area of about 7.69 million square kilometers.
（3）澳大利亚有两千多万人口,多数居住在东部沿海地区。
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________
Australia has a population of over 20 million, and most of them settle in the southeast coastal area.
（4）袋鼠和考拉是澳大利亚特有的动物。
__________________________________________
Kangaroos and koalas are unique to Australia.
（5）澳大利亚的首都堪培拉风景秀丽。
_______________________________________________
Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a beautiful city.
（6）悉尼是澳大利亚最大的城市。它有许多名胜,其中悉尼歌剧院举世闻名。
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
Sydney is the largest city in Australia. It has many places of interest, of which the Sydney Opera House is world-famous.
Step 3 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
Australia
Welcome to Australia and I am greatly honored to be your guide.
Australia, which is the largest country in Oceania, lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It covers an area of about 7.69 million square kilometers and has a population of over 20 million. Relatively speaking, the
population is quite small, and most of its people settle in the southeast coastal area. Kangaroos and koalas are unique to this land.
Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a beautiful city. Sydney is the largest city in Australia. It has many places of interest, of which the Sydney Opera House is world-famous. As we all know, the 2000 Olympic Games were held in Sydney.
I'm sure you'll have a lot of fun when you stay here.
主题写作
假定你是李华，请你用英语给你的加拿大笔友Cindy写一封信介绍你家乡的情况，要点包括你家乡的地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要物产以及近年来的变化等，并邀请她来做客。
注意： 1．词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Cindy，
______
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文
I feel proud to make a brief introduction to my hometown, Pingyao, to you.
Pingyao, located in North China， is an ancient city in Shanxi Province. It has four distinct seasons, which bring us beautiful natural scenery and rich agricultural produce, such as corn and watermelons. As an ancient city, Pingyao has a long history, making it full of historic scenic spots like Shuanglin Temple and Zhenguo Monastery. In recent years, my hometown has greatly developed and become a well-known tourist destination, attracting thousands of visitors from around the world．
Welcome to my hometown and enjoy the special local produce. I'm sure you'll love it.(共68张PPT)
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
1.通过学习书中精美的图画及视频材料，提高看的能力和技巧；学习一定的历史知识，提高历史底蕴和文化修养。（语言能力，文化意识）
2.通过阅读课文，了解英国历史的变迁，提高对该话题语篇的阅读能力；通过学习文章中的地图及文字，正确理解文章的意义和内涵。（思维品质，学习能力）
3.通过分析课文，感知文章话题大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力，培养分析长难句的能力。（语言能力，学习能力）
Step 1 先导入，拓展背景知识
Match the pictures with the proper introductions.
A
B
C
1.___The king—the head of state,but in name only. The most powerful one is the
prime minister,who controls everything in the UK.
C
2.___The River Thames—the most important river in the UK.
A
3.___London—the capital，where the Olympic Games were held three times.
B
Step 2 再精读，明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Look at the map on Page 40 and predict what it is used for.
____________________________________________________________________
The map tells us where the UK lies and how many parts it is made up of.
Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph according to the passage on Pages 40-41.
A.Explain the four invasions and their influences.
B.State the topic to be discussed in the reading.
C.Studying the history of the country will make one's visit much more enjoyable.
D.Explain what the term “Great Britain” means and how it came about.
E.Explain the same and different areas between the four countries.
1.Para.1( )
B
2.Para.2( )
D
3.Para.3( )
E
4.Para.4( )
A
5.Para.5( )
C
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 40-41 carefully and choose the correct answers.
1.What is the main idea of the passage ( )
A
A.The history of the United Kingdom. B.The geography of the United Kingdom.
C.The politics of the United Kingdom. D.The climate of the United Kingdom.
2.What happened in the 19th century ( )
C
A.The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
B.The country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
C.The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
D.The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.
3.Which of the following is the different area of the four countries ( )
D
A.Flag. B.Currency. C.Military defence. D.Legal system.
4.Who conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings ( )
C
A.The Romans. B.The Anglo-Saxons. C.The Normans. D.The Vikings.
5.What's the author's attitude towards studying history ( )
C
A.Neutral. B.Indifferent. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.
6.What does the phrase “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”
mean on Page 40 ( )
C
A.That the Kingdom of Ireland was added to the country.
B.That Northern Ireland broke away from the country.
C.That Southern Ireland broke away from the country.
D.That Scotland was separated from the country.
Step 3 后结构，分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 40-41.
Introduction How to solve the 1._______caused by the different names Getting to know a little bit about British history.
History in the 2._____ century Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
in the 3._____ century Scotland was joined to 4.______the Kingdom of Great Britain.
in the 19th century The Kingdom of Ireland was 5.______ to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
puzzle
16th
18th
create
added
History in the 6._____ century The southern part of Ireland broke away from the
UK，which resulted in the full name：the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
People and traditions the Romans built towns and 7.______
the Anglo-Saxons introduced the beginnings of the English language，
and changed the way people built 8._______
the Vikings left behind lots of new 9.___________，and also the
names of many locations across the UK
the Normans had castles built；made changes to the 10.______
system
20th
roads
houses
vocabulary
legal
续表
Summary the capital city London an 11._______port city；countless historic sites；lots
of museums with ancient relics
the UK a fascinating 12._____of history and modern culture
续表
ancient
mix
Ⅱ.Explain the meanings of the English idioms and think about some Chinese equivalents（汉语中相对应的词语）.
English idiom Meaning Chinese equivalent
Achilles' heel
pull one's leg
fish out of water
English idiom Meaning Chinese equivalent
Achilles' heel a weak point or fault in sb's character, which can be attacked by other people 命门；死穴；致命弱点
pull one's leg to deliberately make fun of sb 开某人玩笑；捉弄某人
fish out of water a person who feels uncomfortable because of being in an unusual or unfamiliar situation 如鱼离水；不得其所；离水
之鱼
续表
Ⅲ.长难句分析
The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has
a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
善分析 本句是一个主从复合句，as 引导的是一个（1）__________从句，that has a
history dating all the way back to Roman times 为定语从句，修饰先行词（2）_____，
其中动词-ing形式短语 dating all the way back to Roman times 作名词 history 的（3）
__________。
会翻译 （4）_______________________________________________________________
_________________
原因状语
city
后置定语
首都伦敦是一个很好的起点,因为它是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
核心单词
知识点1 puzzle n.智力游戏；疑问；谜 vt.迷惑；使困惑 ＊puzzled adj.无法理解的；感到困惑的 ＊puzzling adj.令人费解的
（P40）Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解开这个谜题。
知识拓展
puzzle about/over sth 苦苦思索某事；仔细琢磨某事
puzzle sth out 琢磨出某事的答案
a puzzled look 迷惑的表情
经典佳句
The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那道令人费解的数学题。
I'm puzzled as to how to get along with him. 对于如何和他相处我感到困惑。
名师点拨
puzzled 意为“迷惑的；不解的”，往往用来形容人或人的表情、脸色等；puzzling 意为“令人迷惑的；令人不解的”，往往用来修饰物。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用puzzle的适当形式填空
（1）Scientists are trying _________out why the whale died on the shore.
to puzzle
（2）The boy ________ his mother, so there was a ________ expression on her face.
puzzled
puzzled
（3）There is a small group of words which even some native speakers and writers
of English find _________.
puzzling
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）（2023·内蒙古包头期末）This morning I was walking on the street when I saw
that two travelers were reading a map，____________________.今天早晨我正在大街
上走，就在这时我看见两个游客正在看地图，看起来很困惑。
looking very puzzled
知识点2 defence n.防御；保卫 ＊defend v.保护；保卫；为……辩护
（P40）They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，称为“英国国旗”。
知识拓展
in defence （of...） 为了保卫（……）；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
a defence against 对……的防御
come to one's defence 来保护某人；为某人辩护
defend...from/against... 保卫……以免受……
defend oneself against...为某人自己辩护
defend oneself 自卫
经典佳句
More and more women today have learned to arise in defence of their legal rights.现在越来越多的妇女学会站起来保护她们的合法权利。
The stronger your immune system is, the better your body will defend against the virus.免疫系统越强，身体抵抗病毒的功能越好。
名师点拨
defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时，介词用against；若接“被保护者”时，则介词用of。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The town walls were built as a defence _______enemy attacks.
against
（2）Two rescue workers came to his________（defend） when the accident
happened.
defence
（3）All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves____________the
sudden attacks.
against/from
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）Hundreds gave their lives_____________________.数百人为了捍卫自由献出了自
己的生命。
in defence of freedom
（5）You have seen that he ___________________________ the fierce wolf.你已经看
见了，他不能保护自己，抵抗凶猛的狼。
cannot defend himself against
知识点3 surround vt.围绕；包围 ＊surrounding adj.周围的 ＊surroundings n.环境；周围的事物
（P40）Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方,周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
知识拓展
surround...with/by...以……包围……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围
经典佳句
Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest in wonderful surroundings.从前,在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王,他对邻邦十分友好。
To some people, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends. 对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友们包围着。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Jill was sitting on the floor ___________（surround） by boxes.
surrounded
（2）He found himself ___________（surround） with many people.
surrounded
（3）The ___________（surround） villages have been included in the growing city.
surrounding
（4）The buildings have been designed to blend in with their ____________
（surround）．
surroundings
知识点4 evidence n.证据；根据；证明 ＊evident adj.明显的；显然的 ＊evidently adv.明显地；清楚地
（牛津词典）There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer. 有可靠证据表明日光曝晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
知识拓展
give evidence （出庭）作证
There is evidence that... 有证据表明……
It is evident that...=Evidently, ... 很明显……
经典佳句
It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made. 我们已经清楚出了差错。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Enough _________ （evident） shows that a balanced diet helps to avoid being
overweight.
evidence
（2）（2023·四省适应性考试）The differences in conversational styles became
________（evidence） when participants listened to audio clips.
evident
Ⅱ.句型转换
（3）It is evident that he did not finish his homework on time yesterday.
→_________, he did not finish his homework on time.
Evidently
知识点5 achievement n.成就；成绩；达到 ＊achieve vt.完成；获得 vi.达到预期的目的
（P40）Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。
知识拓展
a sense of achievement 成就感
achieve one's success 取得成功
achieve one's goal 达到目标
图解释义
He is known for his great achievements in the sport of tennis.他因在网球运动上的巨大成就而闻名。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）It takes hard work __________（achieve） the final success.
to achieve
（2）China sent up six manned spaceships and they were also great scientific
_____________（achieve） in the world.
achievements
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）Climbing the mountain gave me______________________.攀登这座山给我一种成
就感。
a sense of achievement
（4）___________________, food security and nutrition need to improve.为了实现这
一目标, 需要改善食品安全和营养。
To achieve this goal
知识点6 location n.地方；地点；位置 ＊locate v.找出……的准确位置 ＊located adj.位于……的
（P41）The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.维京人在8世纪来到了这里,留下了很多新词汇,还给英国许多地方取了名字。
知识拓展
locate sb in/at...找到某人在某处
locate in...在……定居
be located in/on坐落于某处
经典佳句
The offices are conveniently located just a few minutes from the main station.办公室所处的位置很方便，离总站仅有几分钟的路程。
名师点拨
（1）be located in 往往指“位于……内部”,介词in后面一般接城市、地区等。
（2）be located on往往指“位于……上”,介词on后面一般跟河流、海岸线等。
（3）表示“位于……”的其他短语有be situated in...、lie in...等。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The map shows the precise ________ （locate） of the crash.
location
（2）China __________ （locate） in the east of Asia with an area of about
9,600,000 square kilometres.
is located
（3）________（locate） where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute
more to the Belt and Road construction.
Located
知识点7 fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 ＊fascinate v.深深吸引；迷住 ＊fascinated adj.入迷的；极感兴趣的
（P41）The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.英国是一个历史和现代文化的结合体,新旧传统并存,很有吸引力。
知识拓展
a fascinating book/story 引人入胜的书/故事
It's fascinating to do... 做……很有趣
be fascinated by/with... 对……着迷
经典佳句
It's fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.看不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Jiuzhaigou Valley and its surrounding scenery are __________（fascinate）.
fascinating
（2）I was __________（fascinate） to hear about his travel in Britain.
fascinated
短语句式
知识点8 break away（from sb/sth） 脱离；背叛；逃脱；摆脱
（P40）Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国,形成了我们今天的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
知识拓展
break in 打断；插嘴；闯入
break into 闯入……；突然开始（笑、唱）
break out （战争）爆发；（火灾）突然发生
break up 分解；解散；（关系等）破裂
break down 损坏；发生故障；抛锚
经典佳句
The boy was so angry that he broke away from his mother and ran away.这个男孩如此生气以至于他挣脱了母亲跑开了。
It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。
融会应用 用break相关短语的适当形式填空
（1）I have to get to Manchester today and my own car has_____________.
broken down
（2）As the president's car arrived, the crowd__________loud applause.
broke into
（3）When the news came that the war__________, he decided to serve in the army.
broke out
（4）She is trying ___________________the bad habit, which makes her parents
happy.
to break away from
知识点9 belong to 属于
（P40）The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。
知识拓展
belong to a club/a group/an organization 是俱乐部/团体/组织的成员
personal belongings 个人财产
a sense of belonging归属感
经典佳句
Achievements only belong to those who persist in their dreams.成就只属于那些坚持梦想的人。
He packed up his few belongings in a suitcase and took the train to New York City.他把仅有的几样东西装进手提箱，坐火车去了纽约。
名师点拨
belong to无被动语态和进行时,后接名词或代词宾格,不接物主代词（如mine、 hers、 his、 yours等）。表示“某东西属于谁”用sth belongs to sb,而不用sth belongs to sb's。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Huangyan Island has belonged ___ China since the Yuan Dynasty,which is an
unchangeable truth.
to
（2）Many of her personal __________ （belong） have been stolen.
belongings
Ⅱ.一句多译
众所周知，中国属于发展中国家。
（3）As is known to us, China is a country______________________________.（动
词-ing形式作后置定语）
belonging to developing countries
（4）As is known to us, China is a country___________________________________.
（定语从句）
which belongs to developing countries
知识点10 as well as 同（一样也）；和；还
（P40）They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，称为“英国国旗”。
知识拓展
as well as 常用于句中,连接两个并列的成分。若连接主语及其附属成分时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。
as well 常位于肯定句句末,不需要用逗号与句子分开。
may/might as well 还是……为好；不妨……
经典佳句
English，as well as Chinese and maths, is of great importance.同语文和数学一样，英语也非常重要。
Da Shan speaks Chinese as well as a native speaker.大山汉语说得和本地人一样好。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I can speak fluent English and I can speak French ___ well.
as
（2）Amy, as well as her brothers,__________ （give） a warm welcome when
returning to the village last week.
was given
（3）Since you will know the matter sooner or later, I might as well ____（tell）
you now.
tell
知识点11 省略句式if any
（P40）So what is the difference between them, if any 如果有区别的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么呢
知识拓展
其他类似的省略结构:
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
if not 如果不是的话；如果不
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
If necessary， the patient can visit his doctor for further advice.如有必要，病人可以咨询自己的医生以得到更多的建议。
The virus rarely, if ever, passes from one person to another.该病毒人传人的情况尽管很罕见，但并非没有。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Will you get a free evening next week ______, let's go out to dinner. 你下周
某个晚上有空吗？如果有,我们出去吃饭吧。
If so
（2）Is everybody feeling cold _______, let's open the window.大家感到冷吗？如果
不冷,让我们把窗户打开吧。
If not
（3）____________, you can turn to me for help.如果有必要的话,你可以向我求助。
If necessary
（4）Please try to find out the differences between the two words. _______, speak
out.请试着找出这两个单词的不同之处。如果找到了,说出来。
If any
知识点12 have+宾语+宾语补足语
（P41）They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行了改革。
知识拓展
句中的had castles built是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，castles与build之间为动宾关系，built为过去分词作宾补。“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构表示两种意义：
（1）使某事被做（让别人做）
The patient is going to have his temperature taken.这个病人准备请/叫/让人给他量体温。
I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays.我通常在星期天让人洗衣服。
（2）遭遇某种不幸的事情
She had her wallet stolen on her way home yesterday.昨天在回家的路上她的钱包被偷了。
名师点拨
have sb do让某人做……
have sb/sth doing让某人/某物一直做……
have sth to do有某事要做
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Unfortunately, he _______________________ during the training.不幸的是，他在
训练中把右腿弄伤了。
had his right leg injured
（2）I apologise for _______________________________.我为让你等了两个小时而道
歉。
having you waiting for two hours
知识点13 make+宾语+宾语补足语
（P41）Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.学习这个国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。
知识拓展
句中make your visit much more enjoyable为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。该结构有以下几种形式：
（1）make+宾语+形容词
（2）make+宾语+名词（职务名词充当宾补时其前不加冠词）
（3）make+宾语+介词短语
（4）make+宾语+不带to的动词不定式（被动语态中to不能省略）
（5）make+宾语+过去分词
We made him monitor of our class.我们选他当我们的班长。
She made her children wash their hands before eating.她要孩子们在吃东西前洗手。
The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.发言人提高了嗓音以便别人听到他说的话。
名师点拨
当动词不定式短语或从句作宾语时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，即make +it +名词/形容词+动词不定式/宾语从句。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们想向公众表明，他们做的是一项重要而必要的工作。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）I tried to speak more clearly_________________________.我尝试说得更清楚一
些来使别人明白我的意思。
to make myself understood
（2）Children _______________________ the importance of saving water.应该让孩子
们知道节约用水的重要性。
should be made to know
（3）The Internet ____________________ and convenient.网络使我们的生活变得舒适
又方便。
makes our lives easy
（4）We _________________________ last week.上周我们推选他当我们的队长。
made him our team leader
（5）Advanced technology ______________________________________ the universe.
先进技术使科学家们得以探索宇宙。
makes it possible for scientists to explore
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.These scientists have been ________（puzzle） about how to solve the
environmental problem.
puzzled
2.People say it is Canada's most beautiful city,___________（surround） by mountains
and the Pacific Ocean.
surrounded
3.Jack,who was ___ charge of a project,was invited to give a speech by a company.
in
4.After all the attempts to cure him,the experts __________（announce） that the
virus was defeated.
announced
5.With the time for graduation ____________（approach）, we are busy with our
papers.
approaching
6.He is excited and eager ______（go） out on his own.
to go
7.The girl _______（strike） a match and lit a candle.
struck
8.I hope all the people in the world _________（join） hands to protect the
environment in future.
will join
9.I heard that a famous running player,___ well as his coach, would come to our
school for a visit.
as
10.I broke away ______ him and rushed out into the hall.
from
Ⅱ.选词填空
defend against； add to； belong to； break away from； as well as； result in；
take over； date back to； keep one's eyes open； be surrounded by
1.As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world, earthquakes often
_________many people being injured or killed.
result in
2.Some animals are put in danger when people __________their habitats.
take over
3.My interest in stamp collecting _____________my schooldays.
dates back to
4.If you ____________________, you will find what you need.
keep your eyes open
5.___________going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a
lot of time with my pets.
As well as
6.Money is yours but resources __________the whole society.
belong to
7.Facing up to your problems rather than ___________________them is the best
approach to working things out.
breaking away from
8.His face always blushes when he ________________a lot of girls.
is surrounded by
9.A castle is an old building with thick walls and tall towers meant to
______________attacks.
defend against
10.The office looked exactly the same as before, only some charts______________the
wall.
were added to
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能（四）——用简短语句概括全文
My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence on her life.
In the letter she wrote，“You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math. Before you came to teach us，I had been terribly poor at math，and had never thought that I would be interested in it. To my surprise，you magically showed me the beauty of math. I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it. Gradually my interest in it began to grow. Thanks to your encouragement,
I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it at the university. Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California. You played an important part. Thank you！”
What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher！My husband has received many letters from his students over the years. This one was special，for it arrived at a time in his life when he was in very poor health.
1.Who did what？（谁做了什么？）
（1）My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman.
（2）She wanted to thank him for his encouragement.
2.What was the result？（结果怎么样？）
It was a wonderful gift to a retired teacher.
3.What was the meaning？（文章揭示了什么，说明了什么道理？）
#b#
A good teacher might have a great effect on his students.
#b#
概要归纳：
#b#
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The story tells us that a former student wrote to the author's husband a thankful letter，in which she thanked him for helping her discover her talent for math. From the letter，the author learnt that a good teacher might have a great effect on his students.(共32张PPT)
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过分析教材例句，理解和掌握过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的用法。（语言能力）
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的用法,并学以致用。（学习能力）
核心单词
知识点1 charge n.收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
（P42）Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged. 朱迪和我把我们的车停在特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场,在那里我们可以给我们汽车的电池充电。
知识拓展
in charge of 掌握；负责
in the charge of... 在……的掌管之下
take charge of 掌管；负责；担任；监督
free of charge 免费的
charge sb for sth 因某物/某事向某人收费
charge sb with sth 控告某人某事
经典佳句
The shaver can be charged up and used when travelling.这种电动剃须刀可充电供旅行使用。
名师点拨
in charge of往往以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of往往以物作主语,指“某物由某人主管”。类似的短语还有in control of “控制……”、in the control of “……由……控制”；in possession of “拥有……”、in the possession of “……为……所拥有”等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）It's what this place offers,and it's free ___ charge.
of
（2）A week later,I volunteered to take charge ___ English study in my class.
of
Ⅱ.一句多译
这家公司在格林小姐的掌管之下。
（3）Miss Green is ____________ the company.
in charge of
（4）The company is _____________________ Miss Green.
in/under the charge of
知识点2 announce vt.宣布；通知；声称 ＊announcement n.通告；宣告 ＊announcer n.宣告者；播音员；广播员
（P42）When we finally reached at the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.当我们最后到达服务台索要音频指南时，我们听到服务台说已经没有音频指南了。
知识拓展
announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
make an announcement 宣布；发布通告
经典佳句
The government yesterday announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs. 政府在昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作的计划。
名师点拨
动词announce后不跟双宾语,表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth to sb,类似用法的单词还有suggest、 explain、 report、 say等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）It is wise to announce the news ___ the public.
to
（2）It ______________（announce） that only when the fire was under control
would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
was announced
Ⅱ.用announce的适当形式填空
（3）The__________ made an_____________that all the details should
_____________through the broadcast.播音员宣布所有细节都应通过广播宣布。
announcer
announcement
be announced
知识点3 amount n.数量；金额
（P42）We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.国家美术馆入口聚集着大量的游客，充斥着嘈杂的声音，我们对此感到十分惊讶。
知识拓展
a large amount of+不可数名词+谓语动词单数=large amounts of+不可数名词+谓语动词复数（两者均表示“大量的”）
in large amounts 大量地
in small amounts 少量地
经典佳句
A large amount of damage was done to the city in a very short time, which shocked everyone on the spot.短时间内，这个城市受到了大量的破坏，这震惊了在场的每个人。
名师点拨
表示“大量的”的短语还有a large number of、 a great deal of、 plenty of、 a lot of等。
（1）a great deal of和a large amount of只能修饰不可数名词；
（2）a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；
（3）a lot of和plenty of既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）A large amount of money ___（be） to be spent in building a new bridge for
the village.
is
（2）At that time, small amounts of land __________（use） for keeping animals.
were used
知识点4 approach n.方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
（P42）Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh's Sunflowers.It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.朱迪注视着梵·高的《向日葵》。要接近这幅画太难了，因为其周围有那么多人。
知识拓展
make an approach to 对……进行探讨
make approaches to sb 想亲近某人；想与某人打交道
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
an/the approach to doing sth 做某事的方法
approach to 接近；近似于
图解释义
As Teachers' Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一场聚会来庆祝这个重要的日子。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）______________________, many cold-blooded animals are coming out to hunt
food.随着春天的临近，许多冷血动物将出来觅食。
With spring approaching
（2）Everyone has their own approach ________________________.每个人都有自己的
处理这件事情的方法。
to dealing with the matter
（3）We will be exploring ________________________________________.我们将探索
收集信息的不同方法。
different approaches to gathering information
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
自主探究
阅读下列句子，并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students.
2.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.
3.The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed after great effort.
4.She was well-dressed that evening, hoping to make herself noticed at the ball.
5.The chairman wished those letters typed as soon as possible.
我的发现（1） 第1、2句中的过去分词在句中充当______，其动作在谓语动词的动作
______发生，表示________或已完成的动作。
定语
之前
被动的
（2）第3、4、5句中的过去分词在句中充当____________，表示______或______的意义。
宾语补足语
被动
完成
探究点1 过去分词作定语
1.作定语的过去分词一般是由及物动词转化的，被修饰的词在逻辑上是这个及物动词的宾语。
The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.政府决定重新修建那座被损毁的桥。
What's the language spoken in Germany 在德国,人们讲什么语言
2.不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语,一般作前置定语,不表示被动意义,只强调动作的状态或完成。
Autumn is here, and the ground is covered with fallen leaves.秋天到了，地上满是落叶。
When payments to retired workers are cut, the three decide to get their money back.当给退休工人的退休金被削减之后，这三个人决定把自己的钱拿回来。
3.过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,前后用逗号分开。
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages（=who were born and brought up in rural villages）, had never seen a train.他们中的一些人在农村出生和长大,从来没有见过火车。
4.过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别
动词-ing形式作定语时，其与所修饰的名词之间是主谓关系,常表示动作正在进行；而过去分词作定语时,则表示动作的被动或完成。
The girl standing under the tree is really charming.
正站在树下的那个女孩子真的很迷人。
What do you think of the meeting held yesterday 你觉得昨天召开的会议怎么样
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I was the first Western TV reporter _________（permit） to film a special unit
caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
permitted
（2）The witnesses__________ （question） by the police just now gave very
different descriptions.
questioned
（3）The adobe dwellings （土坯房）_____（build） by the Pueblo Indians of the
American Southwest are admired by architects and engineers.
built
Ⅱ.用非谓语作定语补全句子
（4）Even though it is in summer，______________________________on the ground.
即使是在夏天，地上仍有很多落叶。
there are still many fallen leaves
（5）Nowadays there are a lot of man-made satellites ______________.如今在太空中
有许多人造卫星在飞行。
flying in space
（6）There are many problems ____________.有很多问题有待解决。
to be settled
探究点2 过去分词作宾语补足语
1.感官动词（短语）see、 watch、 observe、 look at、 hear、 listen to、 find、 feel、 notice等接过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语时,表示“看到/听到/发现/感觉到/注意到某物或某人被……”。
I can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain.我能听到窗户被大雨敲打的声音。
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.经理们讨论了那个他们希望明年实施的计划。
2.使役动词have、 make、 get、 keep、 leave等接过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语时,表示“致使某物或某人被……”。
Tom has been away from home for two years, leaving his room covered with dust.汤姆离家两年了，他的房间里满是灰尘。
When will you have your eyes examined 你什么时候检查你的眼睛？
3.过去分词、动词-ing形式及动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别:
过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语和补足语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系；动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,宾语和补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,其动作与谓语动作同时进行；动词不定式作宾语补足语强调动作发生的全过程,有时也表示一个将来的动作。注意:see、hear等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略to。
We saw the injured sent to hospital shortly after the accident.我们看到伤员在事故发生不久后被送到了医院。
We saw him cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard this morning.今天早晨我们看见他在院子里扫落叶。
We saw her enter the supermarket and buy herself a box of chocolate.我们看见她进了超市,给自己买了一盒巧克力。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The headmaster didn't like the topic _________ （discuss） at the meeting.
discussed
（2）Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ________
（wash）.
washed
（3）Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ________
（amuse） with her stories.
amused
（4）With the problem _______（solve）, the quality has been improved.
solved
（5）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was very happy to
see his mother______（take） good care of at home.
taken
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The newly _____（build） railway line was brought into use not long ago.
built
2.The piano _____（use） at the concert is made in France.
used
3.With many brightly-coloured flowers ________（plant） around the building, his
house looks like a beautiful garden.
planted
4.The peasants had the tractor________（work） day and night at the harvest time.
working
5.The experience_______（gain） will give you more confidence to help your
customers.
gained
6.The teacher wouldn't like the problem _________（discuss） at the moment.
discussed
7.The chairman was dismissed because of _______（fall） profits.
falling
8.Our students need to adapt to the rapidly_________（change） world.
changing
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.I'll __________________about the breakthrough in our experiment.我将向你报告有关
我们实验的重要进展。
keep you informed
2.He woke up only ____________________.他醒来发现他的汽车被偷了。
to find his car stolen
3.You seldom ______________________in this developed country.在这个发达国家,你很
少听到有人讲脏话。
hear rude words spoken
4.The speakers answered all the questions_____________________.演讲者回答了观众
提出的所有问题。
raised by the audience
5.He left home in a hurry,__________________________.他匆忙离开家,留下很多事没
做。
leaving many things undone
Ⅲ.语篇填空
The lake 1.______________（被……包围） beautiful natural landscape looked
more beautiful. When 2._______（发现） it，the explorer was amazed at the beauty
of the lake. 3.____________________（吃着自制的） bread with butter and honey, he
was using the 4.__________（放置的） telescope to admire the lake, which made
him 5.__________________（轻松愉快）.
surrounded by
finding
Eating the homemade
positioned
relaxed and pleased
