Welcome Unit
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过理解教材例句,掌握简单句的基本句型。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化简单句的基本句型,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 organise vt.组织;筹备;安排;组建 vi.组建;成立 *organisation n.组织;团体;机构 *organiser n.组织者;发起人
(P7)How does Li Ming organise his thoughts 李明是如何整理他的思绪的
知识拓展
organise the meeting 组织会议
organise oneself/sb 规划自己/某人(的工作和活动)
organise competitions 组织比赛
经典佳句
The Red Cross is an organisation,whose organisers organised it in order to help people in trouble.So its work is always well organised.红十字会是一个组织,其组织者成立它是为了帮助有困难的人。因此,它的工作总是安排得很好。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)If you want to improve your study, you should try (organise) your time better.
(2)The government should set up a special (organise) to protect the environment.
答案 (1)to organise (2)organisation
知识点2 goal n.目标;球门;射门
(P7)I have learning goals and make plans for my English studies.我有学习目标并为我的英语学习制订计划。
知识拓展
achieve one's goal 实现目标
set a goal 确立目标
score a goal 踢进一球;得一分
经典佳句
His goal is to get a good job and support his family.他的目标是找到一份好工作,养家糊口。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The footballer and his team finally won the match.那个足球运动员进了三个球,他的球队最终赢得了比赛。
(2)I'm determined no matter how hard it is.我决心不管有多难都要实现我的目标。
答案 (1)scored three goals (2)to achieve my goal
短 语 句 式
知识点3 look forward to 盼望;期待
(P6)Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 汤姆盼望着见到新的交换生。
知识拓展
be/get used to 习惯于
pay attention to 注意
object to 反对
get down to 开始;着手
lead to 导致;通向
stick to 坚持
refer to 参考;涉及;指的是
devote...to... 将……投入……
经典佳句
With a heavy study load,many teenagers look forward to having a happy holiday.由于学习负担重,很多青少年盼望度过一个快乐的假期。
名师点拨
(1)look forward to 中的to为介词,其后跟动词-ing形式。
(2)look forward表示“向前看”时,后跟to do表示目的。
(3)在定语从句中常考查look forward to,其后的动词与to没有任何关系。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He was looking forward (see) who was making a loud noise in the crowd.
(2)The day that he had looked forward to (come) at last.
(3)We are looking forward to (hear) from you.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)At present, it is necessary for everyone when going outside.现在,每个人都要习惯出门戴口罩。
(5) the road signs while driving.开车的时候要注意路牌。
答案 (1)to see (2)came (3)hearing (4)to get used to wearing masks (5)Pay attention to
知识点4 take notes记笔记
(P7)I take notes while listening and reading.我边听边读边做笔记。
知识拓展
take note of 注意;牢记
make a note 做笔记
note down 记录;记下
经典佳句
It is a good habit to take notes when you have a class.上课记笔记是个好习惯。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)You should what she tells you.你应该牢记她告诉你的话。
(2)You'd better in class so that I can borrow your notebook.你最好在课堂上做笔记,这样我就可以借你的笔记本了。
答案 (1)take note of (2)make a note/take notes
语法探究
简单句的基本句型
自主探究
分析下列句子,并注意观察句式结构。
1.My head aches.
2.I finished my homework.
3.I am a Senior Three student.
4.He told me a funny story.=He told a funny story to me.
5.I advised my grandmother to stay in bed and rest.
6.He talked too much.
7.A boy met a girl during the break.
8.There are too many cars on the road.
我的发现
(1)句1是主谓(SV)结构,此类句型的谓语动词是 。
(2)句2是主谓宾(SVO)结构,该句型的谓语动词是 ,后面必须跟宾语,常用作宾语的有 、 、 、动词-ing形式或从句等。
(3)句3是主系表(SP)结构,此类句型的谓语动词必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整意思,这类动词叫 。表语常由 、 、 、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
(4)句4是主谓宾宾(S V IO DO)结构,即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”,句中的直接宾语也可提至间接宾语前,此时间接宾语前应加介词 或 。
(5)句5是主谓宾宾补(SVOC)结构,谓语动词后要跟复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语),常用作宾语补足语的有 、 、 、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或过去分词等。
(6)句6是主谓状(SVA)结构,该句型的谓语动词为 ,副词或介词短语在句中作 ,修饰或说明谓语。
(7)句7是主谓宾状(SVOA)结构,该句型的谓语动词为 。
(8)句8是there be 句型,基本结构是“There is/are/was/were...+地点状语”,表示 。
答案 (1)不及物动词 (2)及物动词;名词;代词;动词不定式 (3)系动词;名词;形容词;介词短语
(4)to; for (5)名词;形容词;介词短语 (6)不及物动词;状语 (7)及物动词 (8)某处存在某人或某物
探究点1 主语+谓语(SV)
有些不及物动词能够单独构成谓语,其后不用接其他成分就能表达完整的意思。但是有少数几个动词其后必须有状语,否则结构不完整,意义不明确。
Time flies. 时光飞逝。
The bus has left. 公共汽车已经离开了。
The rain has stopped.雨已经停了。
探究点2 主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)
名词和代词常作宾语,除此之外,动词不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等也可作宾语。有些动词后通常不能接动词-ing形式作宾语,只能接动词不定式作宾语,如agree、ask、decide、hope、promise、plan、refuse、want、prepare、would like等;有些动词不能接动词不定式作宾语,只能接动词-ing形式作宾语,如miss、enjoy、mind、finish等。
May I ask some questions 我可以问一些问题吗
Children love to play this game. 孩子们喜欢玩这个游戏。
It doesn't matter. I like walking. 没关系。我喜欢散步。
I hope you all have a good time. 我希望你们都玩得开心。
探究点3 主语+系动词+表语(SP)
在“主语+系动词+表语”句型中,“系动词+表语”一起构成复合谓语。可充当表语的有名词、形容词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语或从句等。一般不能用副词作表语,但某些表示地点的副词或与介词同形的副词可以在be后面作表语,如 here、there、over there、back、abroad、outside、below、in、up、down、off、over等。系动词后面通常接形容词作表语。常见的系动词:
(1)表示“……是”:prove、seem、appear、remain
(2)表示“变成”:become、grow、turn、get、go
(3)表示“……起来”:taste、look、sound、feel、smell
Traffic in cities is getting heavier and heavier.城市的交通变得越来越拥挤。
Anyone should be honest to his families, teachers and classmates.任何人都应该对家人、老师和同学诚实。
He seems interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。
探究点4 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S V IO DO)
间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。当间接宾语是较长的名词时,通常将其放在直接宾语后。若将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后,其前要加介词to或for。用to侧重指动作的方向,表示“朝着;对着”;用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示“为了;替”。
Tom bought me a book.汤姆给我买了一本书。
He handed me a book.他递给我一本书。
Tom bought a book for my little brother.汤姆给我的弟弟买了一本书。
He handed a book to Li Ming,our monitor.他递了一本书给我们的班长李明。
It gives her a sense of duty. 这给了她责任感。
探究点5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的句型中,宾语补足语对前面的宾语进行补充说明,从而使句子的意思更加完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语由名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或过去分词充当。有一些动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,动词不定式要省去to,常见的这类动词有feel、hear、make、have、let、see、watch、notice、observe等,变成被动语态时,to要还原。help后接动词不定式作宾补时,动词不定式符号to可以省略,也可以保留。
They made the girl angry.他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.他们发现那天她很高兴。
They named the boy Charlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I helped her (to) choose a new dictionary. 我帮她选了一本新词典。
探究点6 主语+谓语+状语(SVA)
该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词,其后必须带状语,否则结构不完整,意义不明确。副词或介词短语在句中作状语,修饰或说明谓语动词。
The children stayed in the room.孩子们待在房间里。
He runs slowly in the park every day.他每天在公园里慢跑。
His parents have worked in the company for ten years.他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。
探究点7 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)
该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词,副词或介词短语在句中作状语,修饰或说明谓语动词。
The man raised his arms above his head.那个人把手臂举过头顶。
The girl enjoys reading in the morning.这个女孩喜欢早上读书。
The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.大风把落叶从地面上刮了起来。
探究点8 there be句型
there be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。其基本结构是“There is/are/was/were...+地点状语”。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词,如live、stand、lie、seem/appear to be(好像有)、happen to be(碰巧有)、used to be(曾经有)等。
There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.刚才树下有两个男孩和一个女孩。
There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有个人经过。
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.写出下列句中加黑部分充当的句子成分
1.The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.
2.To be or not to be is a question.
3.His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully.
4.The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.
5.Is he the man who wants to see you
6.This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends.
7.I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul.
8.What you explained just now didn't satisfy me.
9.We must get together again some day.
10.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
答案 1.表语 2.主语 3.宾语补足语 4.宾语补足语 5.定语 6.宾语 7.宾语 8.主语 9.状语 10.状语
Ⅱ.分析下列句子的句式结构
1.Plants need water.
2.The flower is so fresh.
3.They are working.
4.He gives me some seeds.
5.We should keep the classroom clean.
答案
1.主语+谓语+宾语
2.主语+系动词+表语
3.主语+谓语
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
Ⅲ.判断画线部分的基本句型
Once upon a time,1.there lived three monks in a small temple.2.And they never agreed with one another. One autumn night there were thousands of stars in the sky. 3.A monk was sitting on a rock,holding a fishing rod up to catch one of the stars. 4.This surprised the other two monks.“What a fool you are!”said the second monk. “5.How can you catch a star with such a short rod You had better have a longer one!” 6.He gave the first monk a longer rod.But the first monk failed again. The third monk saw this and made fun of them.Then he climbed onto the roof of the temple and shouted,“Look!I'm much nearer to the stars than you.7.And I'll soon catch a star!”
答案 1.there be句型 2.SVO 3.SVA 4.SVO 5.SVOA 6.S V IO DO 7.SVO
2(共32张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过理解教材例句，掌握简单句的基本句型。（语言能力）
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化简单句的基本句型,并学以致用。（学习能力）
核心单词
知识点1 organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi.组建；成立＊organisation n.组织；团体；机构 ＊organiser n.组织者；发起人
（P7）How does Li Ming organise his thoughts？李明是如何整理他的思绪的？
知识拓展
organise the meeting 组织会议
organise oneself/sb 规划自己/某人（的工作和活动）
organise competitions 组织比赛
经典佳句
The Red Cross is an organisation，whose organisers organised it in order to help people in trouble. So its work is always well organised.红十字会是一个组织，其组织者成立它是为了帮助有困难的人。因此，它的工作总是安排得很好。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）If you want to improve your study, you should try ___________（organise）
your time better.
to organise
（2）The government should set up a special____________（organise） to protect the
environment.
organisation
知识点2 goal n.目标；球门；射门
（P7）I have learning goals and make plans for my English studies.我有学习目标并为我的英语学习制订计划。
知识拓展
achieve one's goal 实现目标
set a goal 确立目标
score a goal 踢进一球；得一分
经典佳句
His goal is to get a good job and support his family.他的目标是找到一份好工作，养家糊口。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The footballer_________________and his team finally won the match.那个足球
运动员进了三个球，他的球队最终赢得了比赛。
scored three goals
（2）I'm determined __________________ no matter how hard it is.我决心不管有多
难都要实现我的目标。
to achieve my goal
短语句式
知识点3 look forward to 盼望；期待
（P6）Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 汤姆盼望着见到新的交换生。
知识拓展
be/get used to 习惯于
pay attention to 注意
object to 反对
get down to 开始；着手
lead to 导致；通向
stick to 坚持
refer to 参考；涉及；指的是
devote...to... 将……投入……
经典佳句
With a heavy study load，many teenagers look forward to having a happy holiday.由于学习负担重，很多青少年盼望度过一个快乐的假期。
名师点拨
（1）look forward to 中的to为介词，其后跟动词-ing形式。
（2）look forward表示“向前看”时，后跟to do表示目的。
（3）在定语从句中常考查look forward to，其后的动词与to没有任何关系。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He was looking forward _______（see） who was making a loud noise in the
crowd.
to see
（2）The day that he had looked forward to ______（come） at last.
came
（3）We are looking forward to ________（hear） from you.
hearing
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）At present, it is necessary for everyone___________________________when
going outside.现在，每个人都要习惯出门戴口罩。
to get used to wearing masks
（5）_______________the road signs while driving.开车的时候要注意路牌。
Pay attention to
知识点4 take notes记笔记
（P7）I take notes while listening and reading.我边听边读边做笔记。
知识拓展
take note of 注意；牢记
make a note 做笔记
note down 记录；记下
经典佳句
It is a good habit to take notes when you have a class.上课记笔记是个好习惯。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）You should ____________ what she tells you.你应该牢记她告诉你的话。
take note of
（2）You'd better _____________________in class so that I can borrow your
notebook.你最好在课堂上做笔记，这样我就可以借你的笔记本了。
make a note/take notes
简单句的基本句型
自主探究
分析下列句子，并注意观察句式结构。
1.My head aches.
2.I finished my homework.
3.I am a Senior Three student.
4.He told me a funny story.=He told a funny story to me.
5.I advised my grandmother to stay in bed and rest.
6.He talked too much.
7.A boy met a girl during the break.
8.There are too many cars on the road.
我的发现
（1）句1是主谓（SV）结构,此类句型的谓语动词是____________。
不及物动词
（2）句2是主谓宾（SVO）结构,该句型的谓语动词是__________,后面必须跟宾语,常
用作宾语的有______、______、____________、动词-ing形式或从句等。
及物动词
名词
代词
动词不定式
（3）句3是主系表（SP）结构,此类句型的谓语动词必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态
的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整意思,这类动词叫________。表语常由______、
________、__________、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
系动词
名词
形容词
介词短语
（4）句4是主谓宾宾（S V IO DO）结构,即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”,句中的
直接宾语也可提至间接宾语前,此时间接宾语前应加介词___或____。
to
for
（5）句5是主谓宾宾补（SVOC）结构,谓语动词后要跟复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）,
常用作宾语补足语的有______、________、__________、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing
形式或过去分词等。
名词
形容词
介词短语
（6）句6是主谓状（SVA）结构，该句型的谓语动词为____________，副词或介词短
语在句中作______，修饰或说明谓语。
不及物动词
状语
（7）句7是主谓宾状（SVOA）结构，该句型的谓语动词为__________。
及物动词
（8）句8是there be 句型，基本结构是“There is/are/was/were...+地点状语”，表示
____________________。
某处存在某人或某物
探究点1 主语+谓语（SV）
有些不及物动词能够单独构成谓语，其后不用接其他成分就能表达完整的意思。但是有少数几个动词其后必须有状语，否则结构不完整，意义不明确。
Time flies. 时光飞逝。
The bus has left. 公共汽车已经离开了。
The rain has stopped.雨已经停了。
探究点2 主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）
名词和代词常作宾语，除此之外，动词不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等也可作宾语。有些动词后通常不能接动词-ing形式作宾语，只能接动词不定式作宾语，如agree、ask、decide、hope、promise、plan、refuse、want、prepare、would like等；有些动词不能接动词不定式作宾语，只能接动词-ing形式作宾语，如miss、enjoy、mind、finish等。
May I ask some questions 我可以问一些问题吗？
Children love to play this game. 孩子们喜欢玩这个游戏。
It doesn't matter. I like walking. 没关系。我喜欢散步。
I hope you all have a good time. 我希望你们都玩得开心。
探究点3 主语+系动词+表语（SP）
在“主语+系动词+表语”句型中，“系动词+表语”一起构成复合谓语。可充当表语的有名词、形容词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语或从句等。一般不能用副词作表语，但某些表示地点的副词或与介词同形的副词可以在be后面作表语，如 here、there、over there、back、abroad、outside、below、in、up、down、off、over等。系动词后面通常接形容词作表语。常见的系动词:
（1）表示“……是”:prove、seem、appear、remain
（2）表示“变成”:become、grow、turn、get、go
（3）表示“……起来”:taste、look、sound、feel、smell
Traffic in cities is getting heavier and heavier.城市的交通变得越来越拥挤。
Anyone should be honest to his families, teachers and classmates.任何人都应该对家人、老师和同学诚实。
He seems interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。
探究点4 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S V IO DO）
间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。当间接宾语是较长的名词时，通常将其放在直接宾语后。若将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，其前要加介词to或for。用to侧重指动作的方向，表示“朝着；对着”；用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示“为了；替”。
Tom bought me a book.汤姆给我买了一本书。
He handed me a book.他递给我一本书。
Tom bought a book for my little brother.汤姆给我的弟弟买了一本书。
He handed a book to Li Ming，our monitor.他递了一本书给我们的班长李明。
It gives her a sense of duty. 这给了她责任感。
探究点5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）
在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的句型中，宾语补足语对前面的宾语进行补充说明，从而使句子的意思更加完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语由名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或过去分词充当。有一些动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式要省去to，常见的这类动词有feel、hear、make、have、let、see、watch、notice、observe等，变成被动语态时，to要还原。help后接动词不定式作宾补时，动词不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。
They made the girl angry.他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.他们发现那天她很高兴。
They named the boy Charlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I helped her （to） choose a new dictionary. 我帮她选了一本新词典。
探究点6 主语+谓语+状语（SVA）
该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词，其后必须带状语，否则结构不完整，意义不明确。副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。
The children stayed in the room.孩子们待在房间里。
He runs slowly in the park every day.他每天在公园里慢跑。
His parents have worked in the company for ten years.他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。
探究点7 主语+谓语+宾语+状语（SVOA）
该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词，副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。
The man raised his arms above his head.那个人把手臂举过头顶。
The girl enjoys reading in the morning.这个女孩喜欢早上读书。
The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.大风把落叶从地面上刮了起来。
探究点8 there be句型
there be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。其基本结构是“There is/are/was/were...+地点状语”。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live、stand、lie、seem/appear to be（好像有）、happen to be（碰巧有）、used to be（曾经有）等。
There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.刚才树下有两个男孩和一个女孩。
There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有个人经过。
Ⅰ.写出下列句中加黑部分充当的句子成分
1.The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. ______
表语
2.To be or not to be is a question. ______
主语
3.His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully.
____________
宾语补足语
4.The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.
____________
宾语补足语
5.Is he the man who wants to see you？ ______
定语
6.This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends. ______
宾语
7.I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul. ______
宾语
8.What you explained just now didn't satisfy me. ______
主语
9.We must get together again some day. ______
状语
10.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. ______
状语
Ⅱ.分析下列句子的句式结构
1.Plants need water.
________________
主语+谓语+宾语
2.The flower is so fresh.
__________________
主语+系动词+表语
3.They are working.
___________
主语+谓语
4.He gives me some seeds.
_____________________________
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.We should keep the classroom clean.
___________________________
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
Ⅲ.判断画线部分的基本句型
Once upon a time，1.there lived three monks in a small temple.2.And they never agreed with one another. One autumn night there were thousands of stars in the sky. 3.A monk was sitting on a rock，holding a fishing rod up to catch one of the stars. 4.This surprised the other two monks.“What a fool you are！”said the second monk. “5.How can you catch a star with such a short rod？You had better have a longer one！” 6.He gave the first monk a longer rod.But the first monk failed again. The third monk saw this and made fun of them. Then he climbed onto the roof of the temple and shouted,“Look！I'm much nearer to the stars than you.7.And I'll soon catch a star！”
1._____________
there be句型
2.______
SVO
3._____
SVA
4.______
SVO
5._______
SVOA
6.____________
S V IO DO
7.______
SVO
