Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文,了解国内外发生过的一些重大自然灾害,树立防灾意识和自我保护意识;具备积极应对灾难的意识和态度。(语言能力,文化意识)
2.能在实践中运用所学知识应对与灾难有关的困难,增强解决问题的意识和能力。(思维品质)
3.通过分析课文,掌握在阅读中根据上下文猜测词义的策略。(语言能力,学习能力)
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Look at the pictures and match each picture with the name of the related disaster.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
A.tornado/hurricane B.typhoon C.flood
D.earthquake E.volcano eruption F.thunderstorm
答案 1~6 BCAEFD
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Page 50 quickly and answer the following questions.
1.What's the topic sentence of Paragraph 1
2.How is the passage organised
A.In order of time.
B.In order of space.
C.In order of importance.
D.In order of location.
答案 1.Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. 2.A
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Match the main idea with each paragraph according to the passage on Page 50.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Para.2
( )3.Para.3 ( )4.Para.4
( )5.Para.5
A.The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
B.The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in Tangshan.
C.Help came soon after the quakes.
D.Strange things happened,but no one paid attention to them.
E.Tangshan came back to life again.
答案 1~5 DBACE
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Page 50 carefully and choose the correct answers.
1.The title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP” means .
A.the earth was awake all night long
B.an earthquake happened that night
C.people on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night
D.animals on the earth would not sleep that night
2.What does “them” in the sentence “...no wind could blow them away.” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Red autumn leaves.
B.Sand in the wells.
C.Bodies of dead animals.
D.Bricks on the ground.
3.Who played the most important part in helping the people in the earthquake
A.The soldiers and the rescue workers.
B.The college students.
C.The miners in the coal mines.
D.The local villagers.
4.What can we learn from the sentence “Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.” in the last paragraph
A.The city turned green again.
B.The people stood up.
C.The city returned to normal gradually.
D.People who were trapped came to life.
5.The probable meaning of the word “trapped” in Paragraph 4 is “ ”.
A.helped out
B.were caught in
C.went through
D.suffered from
答案 1~5 BDACB
导学思路
通过上下文猜测词义
通过上下文猜测词义就是根据一个词所处的具体的语言环境,运用有关线索,如同义词、反义词、举例、重述或定义等推测词义,有时也须运用逻辑推理和其他的知识如生活经验、普通常识等帮助推断词义。如上面第5小题中的trapped一词可根据前面的动词短语dig out,以及who were trapped修饰的词those来进行判断,同时结合本文的中心内容“唐山大地震”及本段话的大意“营救工作”可知,trap表示“陷入;困住”之意。
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Page 50.
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Before the earthquake The water in the village wells 1. and fell again and again. Animals in the farmyards became too 2. to eat.
During the earthquake At 3:42 am everything began to 3.. Hard hills of rock became rivers of 4..
Damages of the earthquake Over 400,000 people were killed or badly 5. in the earthquake. Nearly everything was 6..
The help from the whole nation Soldiers dug out those who were 7. and buried the dead. Medical workers came to provide medical 8.. Workers built 9. for survivors.
The great success people have achieved The new city has taken on a new look, with great 10. in transportation, industry, and environment.
答案 1.rose 2.nervous 3.shake 4.dirt 5.injured 6.destroyed 7.trapped 8.care 9.shelters
10.improvements
Ⅱ.Discussion.
1.Why did so many people die in Tangshan Earthquake
2.Compared with Tangshan Earthquake, why did fewer people die in Wenchuan Earthquake
3.What spirit can we learn from the two big earthquakes
答案
1.Because it broke out in the early morning and most people were asleep at that time.
2.Because it broke out in the afternoon and most people were working at that time.
3.When we are in times of disaster, we must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
善分析 本句是一个(1) 句,主句是one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun;a quake是one of the most deadly earthquakes的(2) 语,定语从句 that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing修饰前面的先行词quake。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)复合 (2)同位 (3)在城市正下方11千米的地方,20世纪最严重的地震之一爆发了,甚至150千米以外的北京也遭受了损害。
2.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
善分析 主干句为the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan;不定式短语to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead作(1) 状语,其中who were trapped为(2) 从句。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)目的 (2)定语 (3)地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。
新知探究
地震前常见征兆
动物表现异常。大量的蛇爬出洞来远距离迁移;家禽家畜不吃不喝,狂叫不止,不进窝圈;大量的老鼠白天出洞,不畏追赶;动物园里的动物萎靡不振,卧地不起。
地下水发生异常。震区的枯井突然有了水,井水的水位突然大幅度上升或下降,井水由苦变甜、由甜变苦。
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it(1).Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat(2),and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide(3), and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3:00 am, on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.
地球的不眠之夜
河北省东北部的乡村不断有怪事发生。连续几天,村里的井水升升降降,起起伏伏。井壁上出现深深的裂缝,至少有一口井冒出难闻的气味。鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西,狗也不愿意进屋子里。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身,鱼儿跃出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右,唐山市外的天空中闪现一道道亮光,伴有巨大的声响。然而,那天夜里,城里的100万居民还在像往常那样酣睡。
【助读点拨】
(1)coming out of it为动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰gas。gas与come之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
(2)此处为“too...to...”结构,表示“太……而不能……”。
(3)looking for places to hide在此为动词-ing形式作伴随状语,Mice与look for之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,“寻找”与“跑”同时进行。
At 3:42 am, everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end(4)!Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing(5).Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads,and waterways.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents(6). The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
凌晨3点42分,一切都开始摇晃起来,仿佛世界末日即将来临!在城市正下方11千米的地方,20世纪最严重的地震之一已经爆发了,甚至150千米以外的北京也遭受了损害,全国几乎三分之一的地方都有震感!一条长8千米,宽30米的巨大裂缝横穿了房屋、道路和水路;坚硬的石山变成了满是泥土的河流。在不到一分钟的时间里,一座大城市沦为废墟。三分之二的居民遇难或受伤,成千上万的儿童成了孤儿。这场地震造成40多万人遇难或重伤。
【助读点拨】
(4)本句中as if引导表语从句,该从句使用了虚拟语气。
(5)a quake that even caused...in Beijing为one of the most deadly earthquakes的同位语,其中that even caused...in Beijing为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a quake,that在从句中作主语。
(6)此处为“leave+宾语+宾补”结构的被动形式。
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.(7)Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.(8)The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder how long the disaster would last(9).
幸存者目之所及之处无一不是废墟,城市的一切几乎都被摧毁了。城市里大约75%的工厂和建筑,90%的住宅,以及所有的医院都荡然无存了。残砖犹如秋日的红叶覆盖地面,但风吹不走它们。大部分桥梁坍塌或不能安全通行,铁轨沦为废铁。上万头牛、数十万头猪和几百万只鸡死了。井里满是沙子,而不是水。人们震惊了——然后,当天下午晚些时候,又一场大地震侵袭唐山,更多的建筑倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难获得。人们开始想知道这场灾难将会持续多久。
【助读点拨】
(7)Everywhere survivors looked是地点状语从句。Everywhere既作地点副词,也作连词,引导地点状语从句。主句中用了“nothing but...”结构,but是介词,意为“除……之外”。
(8)此处是“主语+be+adj.(+for sb)+动词不定式”句型,动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
(9)how在此作连接副词,引导宾语从句,同时作状语修饰形容词long。
But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(10) More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane.Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
但是希望尚存。地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。一万多名医生和护士赶来提供医疗护理。工人们为家园被毁的幸存者建起庇护所。数十万人获得了救助。火车、卡车和飞机将水和食物运入城中。慢慢地,这座城市又开始恢复生机。
【助读点拨】
(10)本句中to dig out...and to bury the dead为两个并列的动词不定式作目的状语,其中who were trapped为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词those;the dead表示“死者”,属于“the+adj.”结构。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster,people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.(11)
唐山开始复兴,重新振作起来。在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力之下,新的唐山从一片地震废墟中崛起。这座新城市变成可以容纳700多万人口的家园,其交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山市向全中国乃至全世界证明,在灾难发生之际,人们必须团结一致,展现智慧,保持乐观,重建更光明的未来。
【助读点拨】
(11)本句使用了“prove to...that...”结构,that引导的宾语从句作prove的直接宾语。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊 *shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的 *shocking adj.令人震惊的
(P50)People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们震惊了——然后,当天下午晚些时候,又一场大地震侵袭唐山。
知识拓展
a great shock to sb 令某人极为震惊的事
in shock 震惊;吃惊
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而吃惊
经典佳句
We were all shocked by the shocking news that he was still in a state of shock after the accident.However,when he finally came to himself he looked at us in shock,knowing nothing about the accident.事故发生后他仍处于休克状态,这一令人震惊的消息使我们都感到震惊。然而,当他终于苏醒过来时,他震惊地看着我们,对事故一无所知。
名师点拨
shocked adj.“感到震惊的”, 表示人的心理状态和心理感受; shocking adj.“令人震惊的”, 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The news (shock) the public, leading to great concern about students' safety at school.
(2)The news of his sudden death is so that everyone is very at it.(shock)
(3)I was shocked (hear) that Kobe and his daughter died in the terrible air crash.
答案 (1)shocked (2)shocking;shocked
(3)to hear
知识点2 trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱
(P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。
知识拓展
trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
be trapped in 被困在……
set/lay a trap 布好陷阱;设下圈套
be caught in a trap of... 陷入……的困境
图解释义
The locals are encouraged to set traps to kill these animals.当地居民被鼓励设捕捉器捕杀这些动物。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She (trap) in the burning house.
(2)I was trapped telling the person all I knew.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(3)The team were trapped in the burning building and they were eager to be rescued.
→ (定语从句)
答案 (1)was trapped (2)into (3)The team who were trapped in the burning building were eager to be rescued.
知识点3 bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;使沉浸;使专心
(P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。
知识拓展
bury...in... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
埋头于;专心于;沉浸在
经典佳句
The soldiers were sent to the earthquake-hit area immediately to rescue the people who were buried in the ruins. 战士们立即被派往地震灾区营救被埋在废墟中的人们。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She buried her face her hands when she heard the bad news.
(2)Ever since he moved there, he (bury) in his research work.
(3)In the past three weeks, we have been burying (we) in study because the exam is drawing near.
Ⅱ.一句多译
因为他埋头读书,所以他不知道外面下雨了。
(4) ,
he didn't know it was raining outside. (连词because)
(5) ,
he didn't know it was raining outside. (动词-ing形式作状语)
(6) ,
he didn't know it was raining outside. (过去分词作状语)
答案 (1)in (2)has been buried (3)ourselves
(4)Because he buried himself/was buried in the book
(5)Burying himself in the book (6)Buried in the book
知识点4 effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
(P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力之下,新的唐山从一片地震废墟中崛起。
知识拓展
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
in an effort to do sth 努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
经典佳句
Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we make an effort.另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是,只有努力,我们才能从错误中学习。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I do believe that all your (effort) will pay off sooner or later.
(2)As far as I'm concerned, you should make a greater effort (study) hard.
(3)If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance,I will spare no effort (finish) the task.
Ⅱ.一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
(4)We'll you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(5)We'll you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(6)We'll you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
答案 (1)efforts (2)to study (3)to finish (4)try/do our best to help (5)make an effort to help
(6)spare no effort to help
知识点5 suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 *suffering n.苦难;痛苦 *sufferer n.受难者
(P51)What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need 你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助
知识拓展
suffer from 患……病;因……而受苦
suffer from cold/hunger 受冻/挨饿
suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
经典佳句
He suffered great pains as a result of the accident.由于那次事故,他遭受了巨大的痛苦。
名师点拨
(1)suffer 用作及物动词,表示“遭受;蒙受”,其后常接pain、loss、defeat、poverty、hunger、punishment、hardship、damage等名词作宾语。
(2)suffer 用作不及物动词,后常接from,意为“受……之苦;患某种疾病”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Death finally brought an end to her (suffer).
(2)She received many letters of support from some cancer (suffer).
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)The company as a result of the accident.由于那次事故,该公司遭受了重大损失。
(4)Even if he ,he never gave in.即使遇到许多困难,他从不屈服。
答案 (1)suffering (2)sufferers (3)suffered a great loss (4)suffered from a lot of difficulties
短 语 句 式
知识点6 in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
(P50)In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.在不到一分钟的时间里,一座大城市沦为废墟。
知识拓展
fall into ruin 成为废墟;破败不堪
ruin one's hope 使某人的希望破灭
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
图解释义
The temple was in ruins.这座庙宇已经成了一片废墟。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)What left the town in (ruin)
(2)A large number of churches fell ruin after the big flood.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)The heavy rain completely .大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。
(4)Although some of the sections altogether, the Great Wall is the longest man-made structure in the world.虽然有些部分已是断壁残垣,或已彻底消失,但长城依旧是世界上最长的人造建筑物。
答案 (1)ruins (2)into (3)ruined our holiday (4)lie in ruins or have disappeared
知识点7 too...to...
(P50)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西,狗也不愿意进屋子里。
知识拓展
too...to...意为“太……而不能……”,too修饰形容词或副词,to后接动词原形。
(1)在too...to...结构中有时出现可数名词单数,而该结构的形式通常为“too+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数”。
(2)too... to...结构表示肯定意义的情况:
当too之后跟表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词,如glad、eager、anxious、happy、ready、nervous、pleased等时,该结构表示肯定意义。
The text is too difficult for the students to understand.这课文太难了,学生理解不了。
It is too long a journey to make in one day.路程太远,一天之内到不了。
He is too eager to know the result of his experiment.他迫切想知道他所做的实验的结果。
融会应用
同义句转换
(1)The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.
→The house is .
(2)The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
→The problem is
I can't work it out.
答案 (1)too expensive for me to buy (2)so difficult that
知识点8 as if 句型
(P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临!
知识拓展
句中的as if引导表语从句,可用as though替代。It seemed as if...意为“似乎;看起来……”。
当as if引导的句子表示真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时用陈述语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或不太可能发生或存在的情况时,从句用虚拟语气。动词时态的形式如下:
(1)从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式(be动词要使用were)。
(2)从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。
(3)从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might +动词原形”。
I can remember our wedding as if it were yesterday. 我们的婚礼我记忆犹新,就像昨天一样。
I felt as if my heart had stopped. 我感觉好像我的心都不跳了。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it
(2)The secretary always acts as if she (be) the real boss of the company.
(3)The teacher treats the pupil as if he (be) her own child.
(4)The two strangers talked as if they (be)good friends for many years.
答案 (1)had done (2)were (3)were (4)had been
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.He said they did not want war—but if attacked, they would fight to the (die).
2.The boy walked in as if nothing (happen).
3.We became (trap) by the rising floodwater.
4.Years of fighting have left the city ruins; it would take a lot of money to rebuild it.
5.Though she went through so much (suffer), she did not give in.
6.Don't leave children (surf) the Internet for a long time on weekends.
7.For a few minutes we stood in (shock) silence.
答案 1.death 2.had happened 3.trapped
4.in 5.suffering 6.surfing 7.shocked
Ⅱ.选词填空
ups and downs;of great importance;be based on;a number of;date back to;refer to;varieties of;by means of;be regarded as;according to
1.It's to study English well.
2.The company has undergone many .
3. books are being sold at this bookshop.
4.What time can the marathon
5.This novel historical facts.
6.I was not her when I said so.
7. students are planting trees on the hill.
8.The teacher explained the question an example.
9.Later, he a hero by the people in Fujian and Taiwan.
10.They both played the game the rules.
答案 1.of great importance 2.ups and downs
3.Varieties of 4.date back to 5.is based on
6.referring to 7.A number of 8.by means of
9.was regarded as 10.according to
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——同义替换
1.In order to keep our health,we should take morehealthy food into consideration.
in order to:
take... into consideration:
2.Jan knows exactly what he wants in life.
want:
3.The way he talked about to solve the problem was difficult to understand.
way:
4.This can lead to bodily weakness.
lead to:
5.This is a time-honoured custom.
custom:
答案 1.to;consider 2.desire 3.method/approach
4.contribute to/result in/bring about 5.tradition
Ⅳ.探究活动(选做题)
Role-play. Suppose you were a survivor of an earthquake. You were at school when the earthquake struck. Imagine what you might experience before, during and after the earthquake. Then give a talk about your experience.
答案 略
导学思路
创设情境,实现本课知识的创新迁移。假设学生为地震幸存者,描述地震经历和感受。地震幸存者的角色设定可实现本课的核心目标:描述地震场景。
2(共45张PPT)
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
1.通过分析课文，了解国内外发生过的一些重大自然灾害，树立防灾意识和自我保护意识；具备积极应对灾难的意识和态度。（语言能力，文化意识）
2.能在实践中运用所学知识应对与灾难有关的困难，增强解决问题的意识和能力。（思维品质）
3.通过分析课文，掌握在阅读中根据上下文猜测词义的策略。（语言能力，学习能力）
Step 1 先导入，拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Look at the pictures and match each picture with the name of the related disaster.
A.tornado/hurricane B.typhoon C.flood
D.earthquake E.volcano eruption F.thunderstorm
1. ___
B
2. ___
C
3. ___
A
4. ___
E
5. ___
F
6. ___
D
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Page 50 quickly and answer the following questions.
1.What's the topic sentence of Paragraph 1
________________________________________________________________
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.
2.How is the passage organised ( )
A
A.In order of time. B.In order of space.
C.In order of importance. D.In order of location.
Step 2 再精读，明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Match the main idea with each paragraph according to the passage on Page 50.
A.The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
B.The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in Tangshan.
C.Help came soon after the quakes.
D.Strange things happened,but no one paid attention to them.
E.Tangshan came back to life again.
1.Para.1 ( )
D
2.Para.2( )
B
3.Para.3( )
A
4.Para.4( )
C
5.Para.5( )
E
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Page 50 carefully and choose the correct answers.
1.The title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP” means ___.
B
A.the earth was awake all night long
B.an earthquake happened that night
C.people on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night
D.animals on the earth would not sleep that night
2.What does “them” in the sentence “...no wind could blow them away.” in Paragraph
3 refer to ( )
D
A.Red autumn leaves. B.Sand in the wells.
C.Bodies of dead animals. D.Bricks on the ground.
3.Who played the most important part in helping the people in the earthquake ( )
A
A.The soldiers and the rescue workers. B.The college students.
C.The miners in the coal mines. D.The local villagers.
4.What can we learn from the sentence “Tangshan started to revive itself and get
back up on its feet.” in the last paragraph ( )
C
A.The city turned green again. B.The people stood up.
C.The city returned to normal gradually. D.People who were trapped came to life.
5.The probable meaning of the word “trapped” in Paragraph 4 is “___”.
B
A.helped out B.were caught in C.went through D.suffered from
Step 3 后结构，分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Page 50.
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Before the earthquake ●The water in the village wells 1._____ and fell again and
again.
●Animals in the farmyards became too 2.________ to eat.
During the earthquake ●At 3:42 am everything began to 3.______.
●Hard hills of rock became rivers of 4.____.
Damages of the earthquake ●Over 400,000 people were killed or badly 5._______ in the
earthquake.
●Nearly everything was 6._________.
rose
nervous
shake
dirt
injured
destroyed
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
The help from the whole nation ●Soldiers dug out those who were 7.________ and buried the
dead.
●Medical workers came to provide medical 8._____.
●Workers built 9.________ for survivors.
The great success people have achieved The new city has taken on a new look, with great
10._____________ in transportation, industry, and environment.
trapped
care
shelters
improvements
续表
Ⅱ.Discussion.
1.Why did so many people die in Tangshan Earthquake
___________________________________________________________________________
Because it broke out in the early morning and most people were asleep at that time.
2.Compared with Tangshan Earthquake, why did fewer people die in Wenchuan
Earthquake
_________________________________________________________________________
Because it broke out in the afternoon and most people were working at that time.
3.What spirit can we learn from the two big earthquakes
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
When we are in times of disaster, we must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the
20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres
away in Beijing.
善分析 本句是一个（1）______句，主句是one of the most deadly earthquakes of the
20th century had begun；a quake是one of the most deadly earthquakes的（2）______
语，定语从句 that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing修
饰前面的先行词quake。
会翻译（3）________________________________________________________________
___________________________
复合
同位
在城市正下方11千米的地方,20世纪最严重的地震之一爆发了,甚至150千米以外的北京也遭受了损害。
2.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
善分析 主干句为the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan；不定式短语to dig out
those who were trapped and to bury the dead作（1）______状语，其中who were
trapped为（2）______从句。
会翻译（3）________________________________________________________________
_______________
目的
定语
地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。
核心单词
知识点1 shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊＊shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的 ＊shocking adj.令人震惊的
（P50）People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们震惊了——然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震侵袭唐山。
知识拓展
a great shock to sb 令某人极为震惊的事
in shock 震惊；吃惊
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而吃惊
经典佳句
We were all shocked by the shocking news that he was still in a state of shock after the accident. However，when he finally came to himself he looked at us in shock，knowing nothing about the accident.事故发生后他仍处于休克状态，这一令人震惊的消息使我们都感到震惊。然而，当他终于苏醒过来时，他震惊地看着我们，对事故一无所知。
名师点拨
shocked adj.“感到震惊的”， 表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人震惊的”， 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The news ________（shock） the public, leading to great concern about
students' safety at school.
shocked
（2）The news of his sudden death is so _________ that everyone is very ________
at it.（shock）
shocking
shocked
（3）I was shocked ________ （hear） that Kobe and his daughter died in the
terrible air crash.
to hear
知识点2 trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱
（P50）Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
知识拓展
trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
be trapped in 被困在……
set/lay a trap 布好陷阱；设下圈套
be caught in a trap of... 陷入……的困境
图解释义
The locals are encouraged to set traps to kill these animals.当地居民被鼓励设捕捉器捕杀这些动物。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）She ____________ （trap） in the burning house.
was trapped
（2）I was trapped _____ telling the person all I knew.
into
Ⅱ.句式升级
（3）The team were trapped in the burning building and they were eager to be
rescued.
→______________________________________________________________________
（定语从句）
The team who were trapped in the burning building were eager to be rescued.
知识点3 bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
（P50）Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
知识拓展
bury...in... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
埋头于；专心于；沉浸在
经典佳句
The soldiers were sent to the earthquake-hit area immediately to rescue the people who were buried in the ruins． 战士们立即被派往地震灾区营救被埋在废墟中的人们。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）She buried her face ___ her hands when she heard the bad news.
in
（2）Ever since he moved there, he _______________（bury） in his research work.
has been buried
（3）In the past three weeks, we have been burying _________（we） in study
because the exam is drawing near.
ourselves
Ⅱ.一句多译
因为他埋头读书,所以他不知道外面下雨了。
（4）_____________________________________________,he didn't know it was
raining outside. （连词because）
Because he buried himself/was buried in the book
（5）__________________________,he didn't know it was raining outside. （动词-ing
形式作状语）
Burying himself in the book
（6）__________________,he didn't know it was raining outside. （过去分词作状语）
Buried in the book
知识点4 effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
（P50）With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力之下,新的唐山从一片地震废墟中崛起。
知识拓展
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
in an effort to do sth 努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
经典佳句
Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we make an effort.另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是，只有努力，我们才能从错误中学习。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I do believe that all your_______ （effort） will pay off sooner or later.
efforts
（2）As far as I'm concerned, you should make a greater effort _________（study）
hard.
to study
（3）If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I will spare no effort
_________（finish） the task.
to finish
Ⅱ.一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
（4）We'll _____________________ you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds
of difficulties.
try/do our best to help
（5）We'll _____________________ you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds
of difficulties.
make an effort to help
（6）We'll _____________________ you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds
of difficulties.
spare no effort to help
知识点5 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦＊suffering n.苦难；痛苦 ＊sufferer n.受难者
（P51）What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need？你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？
知识拓展
suffer from 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer from cold/hunger 受冻/挨饿
suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
经典佳句
He suffered great pains as a result of the accident.由于那次事故，他遭受了巨大的痛苦。
名师点拨
（1）suffer 用作及物动词，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain、loss、defeat、poverty、hunger、punishment、hardship、damage等名词作宾语。
（2）suffer 用作不及物动词，后常接from，意为“受……之苦；患某种疾病”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Death finally brought an end to her _________（suffer）.
suffering
（2）She received many letters of support from some cancer _________（suffer）.
sufferers
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）The company ___________________ as a result of the accident.由于那次事故，
该公司遭受了重大损失。
suffered a great loss
（4）Even if he ______________________________，he never gave in.即使遇到许多
困难，他从不屈服。
suffered from a lot of difficulties
短语句式
知识点6 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
（P50）In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。
知识拓展
fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪
ruin one's hope 使某人的希望破灭
ruin oneself 自我毁灭&7&
图解释义
The temple was in ruins.这座庙宇已经成了一片废墟。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）What left the town in ______（ruin）
ruins
（2）A large number of churches fell _____ ruin after the big flood.
into
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）The heavy rain completely _________________.大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。
ruined our holiday
（4）Although some of the sections _____________________________ altogether, the
Great Wall is the longest man-made structure in the world.虽然有些部分已是断壁残垣，
或已彻底消失，但长城依旧是世界上最长的人造建筑物。
lie in ruins or have disappeared
知识点7 too...to...
（P50）Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋子里。
知识拓展
too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，too修饰形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。
（1）在too...to...结构中有时出现可数名词单数,而该结构的形式通常为“too+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数”。
（2）too... to...结构表示肯定意义的情况：
当too之后跟表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词,如glad、eager、anxious、happy、ready、nervous、pleased等时，该结构表示肯定意义。
The text is too difficult for the students to understand.这课文太难了，学生理解不了。
It is too long a journey to make in one day.路程太远，一天之内到不了。
He is too eager to know the result of his experiment.他迫切想知道他所做的实验的结果。
融会应用 同义句转换
（1）The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.
→The house is ___________________________.
too expensive for me to buy
（2）The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
→The problem is _______________
I can't work it out.
so difficult that
知识点8 as if 句型
（P50）It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临！
知识拓展
句中的as if引导表语从句，可用as though替代。It seemed as if...意为“似乎；看起来……”。
当as if引导的句子表示真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时用陈述语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或不太可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。动词时态的形式如下：
（1）从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式（be动词要使用were）。
（2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。
（3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might +动词原形”。
I can remember our wedding as if it were yesterday. 我们的婚礼我记忆犹新，就像昨天一样。
I felt as if my heart had stopped. 我感觉好像我的心都不跳了。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I
_________（do） it
had done
（2）The secretary always acts as if she______（be） the real boss of the company.
were
（3）The teacher treats the pupil as if he______（be） her own child.
were
（4）The two strangers talked as if they _________（be）good friends for many
years.
had been
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.He said they did not want war—but if attacked, they would fight to the ______
（die）.
death
2.The boy walked in as if nothing _____________ （happen）.
had happened
3.We became ________ （trap） by the rising floodwater.
trapped
4.Years of fighting have left the city ___ ruins； it would take a lot of money to
rebuild it.
in
5.Though she went through so much _________ （suffer）, she did not give in.
suffering
6.Don't leave children _______ （surf） the Internet for a long time on weekends.
surfing
7.For a few minutes we stood in ________ （shock） silence.
shocked
Ⅱ.选词填空
ups and downs；of great importance；be based on；a number of；date back to；
refer to；varieties of；by means of；be regarded as；according to
1.It's __________________ to study English well.
of great importance
2.The company has undergone many _______________.
ups and downs
3.___________ books are being sold at this bookshop.
Varieties of
4.What time can the marathon____________
date back to
5.This novel ____________ historical facts.
is based on
6.I was not ___________ her when I said so.
referring to
7._____________ students are planting trees on the hill.
A number of
8.The teacher explained the question ____________ an example.
by means of
9.Later， he _______________ a hero by the people in Fujian and Taiwan.
was regarded as
10.They both played the game ____________ the rules.
according to
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——同义替换
1.In order to keep our health，we should take morehealthy food into consideration.
in order to：___
take... into consideration：________
to
consider
2.Jan knows exactly what he wants in life.
want：______
desire
3.The way he talked about to solve the problem was difficult to understand.
way：________________
method/approach
4.This can lead to bodily weakness.
lead to：______________________________
contribute to/result in/bring about
5.This is a time-honoured custom.
custom：________
tradition
Ⅳ.探究活动（选做题）
Role-play. Suppose you were a survivor of an earthquake. You were at school when the earthquake struck. Imagine what you might experience before, during and after the earthquake. Then give a talk about your experience.
____
略
