Unit 4
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过分析教材例句,理解和掌握限制性定语从句的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固限制性定语从句的用法,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出;突然发生;爆发 *eruption n.喷发;爆发
(P52)The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.火山爆发后,住在我们隔壁的那对夫妇自愿去帮忙。
知识拓展
erupt from 从……喷出
erupt into 爆发为;突然发出(尤指叫喊)
经典佳句
The volcano may erupt and then there will be earthquakes.Isn't she afraid 火山也许会爆发,那将会引发地震,难道她不怕吗
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The volcano erupted and ash began to erupt the crater.
(2)Gradually, a regional conflict in the country erupted violent warfare.
(3)The (erupt) of volcano makes many people lose their lives.
答案 (1)from (2)into (3)eruption
知识点2 supply n.[pl.]补给品;供应(量);补给 vt.供应;供给
(P52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
知识拓展
in short supply 短缺
have a good supply of... 备有许多……
school/medical supplies 学校/医疗用品
supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth 向某人提供某物
经典佳句
I'd like to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water. 我想预先买一个大的背包来装食品和水等补给品。
名师点拨
其他表示“为某人提供某物”的短语:
provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb
offer sb sth=offer sth to sb
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes the local people since the earthquake occurred.
(2)I'd like to know the reason why the milk is short supply in this area now.
Ⅱ.一句多译
没有必要担心,我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
(3)There is no need to worry.We can .
(4)There is no need to worry.We can .
答案 (1)to (2)in (3)supply you with whatever you need (4)supply whatever you need to you
知识点3 power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力;权力 *powerful adj.强有力的
(P53)Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines.去一个远离建筑物、树木或电线的空地。
知识拓展
have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力
come to power 上台;执政(表示动作)
be in power 执政;掌权(表示状态)
beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的
经典佳句
Great art has the power to change lives.伟大艺术品的力量可以改变人们的生活。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)It is two years since the party .这个政党执政两年了。
(2)It is to finish the task in two hours.两个小时完成这项工作超出了我的能力范围。
(3)I do believe that encouragement is it can change a person.我确实相信鼓励的力量是如此强大,以至于它可以改变一个人。
答案 (1)came to power (2)beyond my power
(3)so powerful that
知识点4 calm adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静 *clamness n.冷静;镇静;安宁
(P53)Stay calm.保持镇静。
知识拓展
keep calm 保持镇静
calm down 平静下来
calm sb down 使某人平静下来;使某人镇定下来
calm the nerves 放松精神
经典佳句
Calm yourself down;there is no need to feel upset about it.让你自己平静下来,没有必要为此事心烦。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The excited football fans .激动的足球迷们最终平静了下来。
(2) in face of danger.在面临危险时,保持镇静很重要。
答案 (1)calmed down at last (2)It is important to keep calm
知识点5 aid n.& vt.帮助;援助;资助
(P53)first aid kit急救箱
知识拓展
give first aid to sb 对某人进行急救
with the aid of... 在……的帮助下
in aid of... 为了帮助;以助
come to one's aid 来帮助某人
aid sb in (doing) sth 帮助某人(做)某事
aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
aid sb with sth 用某事/物帮助某人
经典佳句
With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid.在我们老师的帮助下,我们学会了如何进行急救。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I'd be very grateful if you can aid me my English.
(2)Li Hua is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother (clean) the house.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)The world has seen that sports records can be broken only .
全世界都看到了:只有在科技的帮助下,运动记录才能被打破。
(4)The doctors there taught us in different emergencies.那儿的医生教我们在不同的紧急情况下怎样对病人实施基本的急救。
答案 (1)in (2)to clean (3)with the aid of technology (4)how to give basic first aid to patients
语法探究
限制性定语从句Ⅰ
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
2.The number of people who/that were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
3.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5.The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.
我的发现
(1)关系代词who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,如句 、句 和句 。
(2)关系代词whom指人,在定语从句中作 ,在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换,如句 。
(3)关系代词which指 ,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,如句 。
(4)关系代词that既可以指 也可以指 ,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,如句 、句 和句 。
(5)关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作 ,如句 。
答案 (1)2;3;5 (2)宾语;5 (3)物;1 (4)人;物;1;2;5 (5)定语;4
探究点1 关系代词的基本用法
1.who引导的定语从句
who指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语,作宾语时可省略。
Danny was the man (who) we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
2.whom引导的定语从句
whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用who代替。
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。
The boy (who/whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
名师点拨
关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。
The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday was John's brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,关系代词用whom,不用who。
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都愿意向其学习的人。
3.whose引导的定语从句
whose既可以指人,也可以指物,表示“所属”关系,whose在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个人,他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
He lives in a room whose window faces north. 他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
4.which引导的定语从句
which指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可省略。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,他非常高兴。
5.that引导的定语从句
that既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代,指物多用which替代。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers. 放在地上的那个手提箱是她的。
探究点2 用that不用which的情况
1.当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、little、much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。
2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3.当先行词被the only、the very、the last修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4.当先行词既指人,又指物时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复而用that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate 站在门口的那个人是谁
6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不是过去那个样子了。
探究点3 用which不用that的情况
1.在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。
2.引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tom came back,which made us very happy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
探究点4 使用定语从句的注意事项
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用复数形式;“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书之一。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。
2.为避免关系词的重复,被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们上周日参观过的工厂。
3.关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略;作介词宾语的关系代词,如果不直接位于介词后,可省略,如果直接作介词的宾语,不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
【随堂检测】
单句填空
1.The earthquake hit the city in 1906 was one of the biggest disasters in American history.
2.We don't know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster.
3.Have you read the book was written by Anne Frank
4.My father bought a new bike for me price added up to more than 1,000 yuan.
5.She said she would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease.
6.Hany is the boy mother is our maths teacher.
7.The writer and his work you told me are really famous.
8.All we need is enough rest after long hours' work.
9.Anyone has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
10.The boy and the dog are in the picture are very lovely.
答案 1.that/which 2.who/that 3.which/that 4.whose 5.that 6.whose 7.that/不填 8.that/不填 9.who 10.that
2(共28张PPT)
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过分析教材例句，理解和掌握限制性定语从句的用法。（语言能力）
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固限制性定语从句的用法,并学以致用。（学习能力）
核心单词
知识点1 erupt vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出；突然发生；爆发＊eruption n.喷发；爆发
（P52）The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.火山爆发后，住在我们隔壁的那对夫妇自愿去帮忙。
知识拓展
erupt from 从……喷出
erupt into 爆发为；突然发出（尤指叫喊）
经典佳句
The volcano may erupt and then there will be earthquakes. Isn't she afraid 火山也许会爆发，那将会引发地震，难道她不怕吗？
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The volcano erupted and ash began to erupt ______ the crater.
from
（2）Gradually, a regional conflict in the country erupted _____ violent warfare.
into
（3）The ________ （erupt） of volcano makes many people lose their lives.
eruption
知识点2 supply n.［pl.］补给品；供应（量）；补给 vt.供应；供给
（P52）The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
知识拓展
in short supply 短缺
have a good supply of... 备有许多……
school/medical supplies 学校/医疗用品
supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth 向某人提供某物
经典佳句
I'd like to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water. 我想预先买一个大的背包来装食品和水等补给品。
名师点拨
其他表示“为某人提供某物”的短语：
provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb
offer sb sth=offer sth to sb
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes ___ the local people
since the earthquake occurred.
to
（2）I'd like to know the reason why the milk is ___ short supply in this area now.
in
Ⅱ.一句多译
没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
（3）There is no need to worry. We can _________________________________.
supply you with whatever you need
（4）There is no need to worry. We can _______________________________.
supply whatever you need to you
知识点3 power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力；权力＊powerful adj.强有力的
（P53）Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines.去一个远离建筑物、树木或电线的空地。
知识拓展
have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力
come to power 上台；执政（表示动作）
be in power 执政；掌权（表示状态）
beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的
经典佳句
Great art has the power to change lives.伟大艺术品的力量可以改变人们的生活。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）It is two years since the party ______________.这个政党执政两年了。
came to power
（2）It is_________________ to finish the task in two hours.两个小时完成这项工作
超出了我的能力范围。
beyond my power
（3）I do believe that encouragement is ________________ it can change a person.我
确实相信鼓励的力量是如此强大，以至于它可以改变一个人。
so powerful that
知识点4 calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静＊clamness n.冷静；镇静；安宁
（P53）Stay calm.保持镇静。
知识拓展
keep calm 保持镇静
calm down 平静下来
calm sb down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来
calm the nerves 放松精神
经典佳句
Calm yourself down；there is no need to feel upset about it.让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The excited football fans ___________________.激动的足球迷们最终平静了下来。
calmed down at last
（2）__________________________ in face of danger.在面临危险时，保持镇静很重
要。
It is important to keep calm
知识点5 aid n.& vt.帮助；援助；资助
（P53）first aid kit急救箱
知识拓展
give first aid to sb 对某人进行急救
with the aid of... 在……的帮助下
in aid of... 为了帮助；以助
come to one's aid 来帮助某人
aid sb in （doing） sth 帮助某人（做）某事
aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
aid sb with sth 用某事/物帮助某人
经典佳句
With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid.在我们老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I'd be very grateful if you can aid me ___ my English.
in
（2）Li Hua is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother ________ （clean） the
house.
to clean
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）The world has seen that sports records can be broken only
_________________________.
全世界都看到了:只有在科技的帮助下，运动记录才能被打破。
with the aid of technology
（4）The doctors there taught us ___________________________________ in different
emergencies.那儿的医生教我们在不同的紧急情况下怎样对病人实施基本的急救。
how to give basic first aid to patients
限制性定语从句Ⅰ
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
2.The number of people who/that were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
3.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5.The man （whom/who/that） I have to phone lives in Canada.
我的发现
（1）关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如句___、句___和句___。
2
3
5
（2）关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作______，在口语和非正式文体中可用who
或that替换，如句___。
宾语
5
（3）关系代词which指____，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如句___。
物
1
（4）关系代词that既可以指____也可以指____，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，如句___、
句___和句___。
人
物
1
2
5
（5）关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作______，如句___。
定语
4
探究点1 关系代词的基本用法
1.who引导的定语从句
who指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Danny was the man （who） we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
2.whom引导的定语从句
whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用who代替。
Rose is the person （who/whom） you should care about. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。
The boy （who/whom） the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
名师点拨
●关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。
The boy （who/whom/that） we saw yesterday was John's brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
●在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，关系代词用whom，不用who。
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都愿意向其学习的人。
3.whose引导的定语从句
whose既可以指人,也可以指物,表示“所属”关系,whose在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个人,他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
He lives in a room whose window faces north. 他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
4.which引导的定语从句
which指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可省略。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring （which） he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,他非常高兴。
5.that引导的定语从句
that既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代,指物多用which替代。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers. 放在地上的那个手提箱是她的。
探究点2 用that不用which的情况
1.当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、little、much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。
2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3.当先行词被the only、the very、the last修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4.当先行词既指人，又指物时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate 站在门口的那个人是谁
6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不是过去那个样子了。
探究点3 用which不用that的情况
1.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。
2.引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tom came back，which made us very happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
探究点4 使用定语从句的注意事项
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of+复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书之一。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。
2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.（visited后不可加it）这就是我们上周日参观过的工厂。
3.关系代词的省略。
（1）关系代词作主语时不能省略。
（2）作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
（3）关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
单句填空
1.The earthquake __________ hit the city in 1906 was one of the biggest disasters in
American history.
that/which
2.We don't know the number of people _________ lost their homes in the disaster.
who/that
3.Have you read the book __________ was written by Anne Frank
which/that
4.My father bought a new bike for me _______ price added up to more than 1,000
yuan.
whose
5.She said she would do anything _____ could help her mother recover from the
disease.
that
6.Hany is the boy _______ mother is our maths teacher.
whose
7.The writer and his work _________ you told me are really famous.
that/不填
8.All _________ we need is enough rest after long hours' work.
that/不填
9.Anyone _____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
who
10.The boy and the dog _____ are in the picture are very lovely.
that
