Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文,理解并能够自主运用重要语言点。(语言能力)
2.了解课文大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力,思维品质)
3.通过阅读熟悉概要写作的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
语篇研读
细读课文,明确教材细节
阅读教材第54页课文内容,选择最佳答案。
1.What caused the tsunami
A.A hurricane.
B.A typhoon.
C.A flood.
D.An earthquake.
2.Why were food and supplies hard to deliver
A.Because there were not enough food and supplies.
B.Because rescue teams dared not go.
C.Because conditions were dangerous and roads were destroyed.
D.Because governments didn't organize rescue teams.
答案 1.D 2.C
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 crash vi.& vt.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞;(飞机的)失事;倒闭
(P54)The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday...昨天,过去40年来最强烈的地震引发了冲击亚洲沿海地带的海啸……
知识拓展
crash into/onto... 撞到……里/上
with a crash 轰隆一声
car crash 车祸;汽车碰撞
air crash 飞机失事
经典佳句
If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.即使是最微小的一块垃圾撞到宇宙飞船上,它也会造成飞船损坏。
融会应用
单句写作
(1) yesterday on the mountains near the city.昨天一架飞机在该城市附近的山上坠毁了。
(2)A lot of passengers were killed .许多旅客在火车相撞事故中丧生了。
答案 (1)A plane crashed (2)in the train crash
知识点2 strike vi.&vt.(struck, struck/stricken)撞;碰;打;罢工;突然袭击;突然想到;(时钟)敲响;引起(强烈感情);划(火柴) n.打击;罢工
(P54)The undersea quake struck around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.周日上午7点左右,印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸发生海底地震。
知识拓展
be struck by/on/with... 被……打动;迷恋……
strike sb in/on+the+身体部位 击打某人某处
be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
图解释义
撞;碰 罢工
融会应用
写出下列句子中strike的意思
(1)The stone struck him in the eye.
(2)A good idea struck me.
(3)I was deeply struck by the beauty of Shangri-La.
(4)The clock struck twelve.
(5)The girl struck a match(火柴) to light a cigarette.
(6)The bus drivers' strike stopped all traffic.
答案 (1)打击;撞击 (2)突然想起;猛地意识到
(3)给……留下印象 (4)(时钟)敲;报时 (5)划(火柴) (6)罢工
知识点3 deliver vi.&vt.递送;传达;履行(诺言) vt.生(小孩儿);接生;发表(演说等) *delivery n. 传送;投递;交付;分娩
(P54)However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而,由于条件险恶和道路受阻,食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
知识拓展
deliver sth to 投递/运送某物给……
deliver goods 交货
deliver a speech 发表演讲;发表讲话
deliver on 履行;实行
经典佳句
It is very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.你真体贴,每天早上都把牛奶送到我们家门口。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The headmaster at the meeting yesterday.在昨天的会议上校长发表了重要讲话。
(2)Please my mother.请把这个包裹交给我的母亲。
(3)I am certain that he will . 我确信他会履行诺言。
答案 (1)delivered an important speech (2)deliver this package to (3)deliver on his promise
短 语 句 式
知识点4 be doing sth when...
(P54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时海水开始灌入家里。
知识拓展
be doing sth when...“正在做某事这时……”,when在此处是并列连词,表示“正在那时;这时”。其它类似句型有:
be doing...when... 正在做……,就在这时……
be about to do...when... 正要做……,就在这时……
had just done...when... 刚做过……这时……
The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened. 这个男子正在楼下睡觉,这时地震发生了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)We (have) a meeting when someone broke in.
(2)I had just come out of the kitchen someone knocked at the door.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)We it suddenly began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时突然下起雨来。
答案 (1)were having (2)when (3)were about to set off when
写作探究
概 要 写 作
概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的高考英语新题型,有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生阅读原文后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
1.读懂原文,抓住大意。
2.定位主题句,找到关键信息。
3.组织语言,转换表达。
1.词数要限制在60左右。
2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致,但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句,必要时可转换词性,不得完全照搬、照抄原文。
1.确定体裁,明确主题及结构
体裁 结构
记叙文 人物+时间+地点+事件(起因+发展+结果)
体裁 结构
说明文 事物的性质功能类:对象+性质功能+利弊 问题+解决方法现象类:现象+原因+结果
议论文 主题+补充论据(+结论)
2.确定主题句,找关键信息
画出每一段的主题句,抓住关键信息,忽略次要信息。
3.改写关键信息,得出要点
使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式,或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思,如改变语态、肯定变否定等,避免抄袭原文句子。
4.添加连接词,使行文连贯
要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系,用恰当的关联词去衔接全文。常用的关联词有however、besides、in addition、therefore、instead等。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms,classrooms and athletic equipment and,of course,the students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses,and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life,and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact,a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus,and obviously,if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility,but if you live nearby,go check it out!
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply,at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses,things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.
Now,if time and money are making it impossible,then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers,students,and college counselors (顾问),and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at .While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit,it can be a very useful tool, along with all your other research, to help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
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分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
体裁 议论文
主题 参观想申请的大学
框架 主题+补充论据1、2、3
Step 2 画主题句,找关键信息
Para.1
1.主题句:
2.关键信息:
Para.2
1.主题句:
2.关键信息:
Para.3
1.主题句:
2.关键信息:
Para.4
1.主题句:
2.关键信息:
答案
Para.1
1.It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.
2.a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply
Para.2
1.There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.
2.visit the schools in your local area
Para.3
1.If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply,at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.
2.At the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.
Para.4
1.Now,if time and money are making it impossible,then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.
2.check out the online college fairs
Step 3 词句升级
Para.1
1.写出下列词汇的同义表达
visit→
2.改写关键信息
Para.2
1.将后置定语改为前置定语
the schools in your local area→ colleges
2.改写关键信息
Para.3
1.写出下列词汇的同义表达
(1)at the very least→
(2)would like to attend→
2.改写关键信息
Para.4
1.同义句改写
(1)if time and money are making it impossible...
→if you time and money...
(2)check out the online college fairs
→ the online college fairs
2.改写关键信息
答案
Para.1
1.pay a visit to
2.It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.
Para.2
1.your local
2.Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges.
Para.3
1.(1)at least (2)want to go
2.At least, you should visit the schools you want to go to.
Para.4
1.(1)are short of (2)visit
2.If you are short of time and money, visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand the schools.
Step 4 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.(要点1) Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges.(要点2) At least, you should visit the schools you want to go to and know its real conditions in advance.(要点3) If you are short of time and money, visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand the schools.(要点4)
【随堂检测】
概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Most people all over the world travel by road. In a city in Italy, however, waterways make up the primary commuting routes. The city of Venice is best known for its canals. Unfortunately, this beautiful city of flat-bottomed boats (Gondolas) and churches is sinking and sinking fast.
Known as the “Queen of the Adriatic”, Venice is situated on more than one hundred islands formed by canals between the mouths of the Po and Piave Rivers. And even the bits of firm ground have rather boggy foundations and all these are slowly getting eroded(腐蚀).
The existing groundwater table and the global climate changes that have raised sea levels by several inches, are proving its disaster for the city. As sea ice melts and water levels rise, floods in Venice are getting from bad to worse. And buildings are already feeling the impact of this phenomenon, with their foundations literally being shaken. Take one of the most famous landmarks of Venice for example, the St. Mark's Basilica, now leans slightly to the left.
Experts warn that the city may sink an additional eight inches in the next 50 years. Many scared residents have already started to move to drier regions in Italy's mainland. To deal with the flood threat, a group of Venetians, called the New Venice Consortium, has come up with “Project Moses”—a dam project named after the biblical figure, Moses. The idea is to place underwater gates at different points where the Adriatic Sea enters the lagoon (环礁湖). When the water is low, the gates will remain open and as the water rises, the gates will close, preventing the seawater from flooding Venice. However, some people disagree with this idea. Environmentalists point out that the gates would have to remain closed most of the time and seawater will not be able to move in and out of Venice. As a result, the lagoon water will become stagnant(停滞的), harming the fish and plants that live there. Until a viable (可实施的) solution is found, Venice, it seems, would continue to be threatened by floods.
参考范文
Venice is facing the danger of sinking under water on account of the rise of sea water.(要点1) The foundations of the buildings are not solid and some famous buildings begin to slope.(要点2) Many residents have already started to move to drier regions because the city may sink an extra eight inches. Some Venetians have thought of ways, among which is “Project Moses”. (要点3) But environmentalists point out the major problem of this project.(要点4)
名师点拨
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是随着海水的上涨,美丽的水城威尼斯正面临沉没的危险。
1.要点摘录
①Venice is sinking and sinking fast.
②And even the bits of firm ground have rather boggy foundations and all these are slowly getting eroded.
③The existing groundwater table and the global climate changes that have raised sea levels by several inches, are proving its disaster for the city.
④Some Venetians have thought of ways, among which is “Project Moses”. But environmentalists point out the major problem of this project.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3三个要点进行重组,将第4个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①Venice is sinking and sinking fast because the sea levels have raised.
②Some buildings are already feeling the impact of this phenomenon, with their foundations literally being shaken.
③“Project Moses” has come up,as the city may sink an additional eight inches in the next 50 years,but there are still some problems with it.
4.高分句型
①Venice is facing the danger of sinking under water on account of the rise of sea water.(运用了高级词汇 on account of “由于”)
②Many residents have already started to move to drier regions because the city may sink an extra eight inches.(运用了原因状语从句)
③Some Venetians have thought of ways, among which is “Project Moses”.(运用了非限制性定语从句)
2(共34张PPT)
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing
1.通过分析课文，理解并能够自主运用重要语言点。（语言能力）
2.了解课文大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（语言能力，思维品质）
3.通过阅读熟悉概要写作的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。（学习能力）
细读课文，明确教材细节
阅读教材第54页课文内容,选择最佳答案。
1.What caused the tsunami ( )
D
A.A hurricane. B.A typhoon. C.A flood. D.An earthquake.
2.Why were food and supplies hard to deliver ( )
C
A.Because there were not enough food and supplies.
B.Because rescue teams dared not go.
C.Because conditions were dangerous and roads were destroyed.
D.Because governments didn't organize rescue teams.
核心单词
知识点1 crash vi.& vt.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞；（飞机的）失事；倒闭
（P54）The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday...昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发了冲击亚洲沿海地带的海啸……
知识拓展
crash into/onto... 撞到……里/上
with a crash 轰隆一声
car crash 车祸；汽车碰撞
air crash 飞机失事
经典佳句
If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.即使是最微小的一块垃圾撞到宇宙飞船上，它也会造成飞船损坏。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）________________ yesterday on the mountains near the city.昨天一架飞机在该
城市附近的山上坠毁了。
A plane crashed
（2）A lot of passengers were killed _________________.许多旅客在火车相撞事故中
丧生了。
in the train crash
知识点2 strike vi.＆vt.（struck， struck/stricken）撞；碰；打；罢工；突然袭击；突然想到；（时钟）敲响；引起（强烈感情）；划（火柴） n.打击；罢工
（P54）The undersea quake struck around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.周日上午7点左右，印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸发生海底地震。
知识拓展
be struck by/on/with... 被……打动；迷恋……
strike sb in/on+the+身体部位 击打某人某处
be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
图解释义
撞；碰
罢工
融会应用 写出下列句子中strike的意思
（1）The stone struck him in the eye.____________
打击；撞击
（2）A good idea struck me.______________________
突然想起；猛地意识到
（3）I was deeply struck by the beauty of Shangri-La.________________
给……留下印象
（4）The clock struck twelve.__________________
（时钟）敲；报时
（5）The girl struck a match（火柴） to light a cigarette.____________
划（火柴）
（6）The bus drivers' strike stopped all traffic.______
罢工
知识点3 deliver vi.＆vt.递送；传达；履行（诺言） vt.生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说等）＊delivery n. 传送；投递；交付；分娩
（P54）However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由于条件险恶和道路受阻，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
知识拓展
deliver sth to 投递/运送某物给……
deliver goods 交货
deliver a speech 发表演讲；发表讲话
deliver on 履行；实行
经典佳句
It is very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.你真体贴，每天早上都把牛奶送到我们家门口。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The headmaster ___________________________ at the meeting yesterday.在昨天
的会议上校长发表了重要讲话。
delivered an important speech
（2）Please _____________________ my mother.请把这个包裹交给我的母亲。
deliver this package to
（3）I am certain that he will _____________________. 我确信他会履行诺言。
deliver on his promise
短语句式
知识点4 be doing sth when...
（P54）I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，这时海水开始灌入家里。
知识拓展
be doing sth when...“正在做某事这时……”，when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时；这时”。其它类似句型有：
be doing...when... 正在做……，就在这时……
be about to do...when... 正要做……，就在这时……
had just done...when... 刚做过……这时……
The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened. 这个男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）We ____________ （have） a meeting when someone broke in.
were having
（2）I had just come out of the kitchen ______ someone knocked at the door.
when
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）We _________________________ it suddenly began to rain. 我们正要出发，这
时突然下起雨来。
were about to set off when
概要写作
概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的高考英语新题型，有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生阅读原文后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
解题步骤
1.读懂原文，抓住大意。
2.定位主题句，找到关键信息。
3.组织语言，转换表达。
注意事项
1.词数要限制在60左右。
2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬、照抄原文。
写作步骤
1.确定体裁，明确主题及结构
体裁 结构
记叙文 人物+时间+地点+事件（起因+发展+结果）
说明文 ●事物的性质功能类：对象+性质功能+利弊
●问题+解决方法现象类：现象+原因+结果
议论文 主题+补充论据（+结论）
2.确定主题句，找关键信息
画出每一段的主题句，抓住关键信息，忽略次要信息。
3.改写关键信息，得出要点
使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思，如改变语态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。
4.添加连接词，使行文连贯
要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系，用恰当的关联词去衔接全文。常用的关联词有however、besides、in addition、therefore、instead等。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms，classrooms and athletic equipment and，of course，the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses，and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car
ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life，and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact，a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus，and obviously，if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility，but if you live nearby，go check it out!
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply，at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit
the schools you'd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses，things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.
Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers，students，and college counselors （顾问），and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit，it can be a very useful tool， along with all your other research， to help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
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分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
体裁 议论文
主题 参观想申请的大学
框架 主题+补充论据1、2、3
Step 2 画主题句，找关键信息
Para.1.1.主题句：
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.
2.关键信息：________________________________________________
a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply
Para.2.1.主题句：_______________________________________________________
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.
2.关键信息：
________________________________
visit the schools in your local area
Para.3.1.主题句：
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.关键信息：
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
At the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply，at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.
Para.4.1.主题句：
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.
2.关键信息：_______________________________
check out the online college fairs
Step 3 词句升级
Para.1.1.写出下列词汇的同义表达
visit→_____________
pay a visit to
2.改写关键信息_____________________________________________________________
_____________________
It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.
Para.2.1.将后置定语改为前置定语
the schools in your local area→__________ colleges
your local
2.改写关键信息
_____________________________________________
Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges.
Para.3.1.写出下列词汇的同义表达
（1）at the very least→________
at least
（2）would like to attend→___________
want to go
2.改写关键信息____________________________________________________
At least, you should visit the schools you want to go to.
Para.4.1.同义句改写
（1）if time and money are making it impossible...
→if you ____________ time and money...
are short of
（2）check out the online college fairs
→_____ the online college fairs
visit
2.改写关键信息
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
If you are short of time and money, visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand the schools.
Step 4 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.（要点1） Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges.（要点2） At least, you should visit the schools you want to go to and know its real conditions in advance.（要点3） If you are short of time and money, visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand the schools.（要点4）
概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Most people all over the world travel by road. In a city in Italy, however, waterways make up the primary commuting routes. The city of Venice is best known for its canals. Unfortunately, this beautiful city of flat-bottomed boats （Gondolas） and churches is sinking and sinking fast.
Known as the “Queen of the Adriatic”, Venice is situated on more than one hundred islands formed by canals between the mouths of the Po and Piave Rivers.
And even the bits of firm ground have rather boggy foundations and all these are slowly getting eroded（腐蚀）.
The existing groundwater table and the global climate changes that have raised sea levels by several inches, are proving its disaster for the city. As sea ice melts and water levels rise, floods in Venice are getting from bad to worse. And buildings are already feeling the impact of this phenomenon, with their foundations literally being shaken. Take one of the most famous landmarks of Venice for example, the St. Mark's Basilica, now leans slightly to the left.
Experts warn that the city may sink an additional eight inches in the next 50 years. Many scared residents have already started to move to drier regions in Italy's mainland. To deal with the flood threat, a group of Venetians, called the New Venice Consortium, has come up with “Project Moses”—a dam project named after the biblical figure, Moses. The idea is to place underwater gates at different points where the Adriatic Sea enters the lagoon （环礁湖）. When the water is low, the gates will remain open and as the water rises, the gates will close, preventing the seawater from flooding Venice. However, some people disagree with this idea. Environmentalists point out that the gates would have to remain closed most of the time and seawater
will not be able to move in and out of Venice. As a result， the lagoon water will become stagnant（停滞的）, harming the fish and plants that live there. Until a viable （可实施的） solution is found, Venice, it seems, would continue to be threatened by floods.
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Venice is facing the danger of sinking under water on account of the rise of sea water.（要点1） The foundations of the buildings are not solid and some famous buildings begin to slope.（要点2） Many residents have already started to move to drier regions because the city may sink an extra eight inches. Some Venetians have thought of ways, among which is “Project Moses”. （要点3） But environmentalists point out the major problem of this project.（要点4）
