(共61张PPT)
UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUNDTHE WORLD
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
1.通过分析课文，了解中国汉字的发展历史，理解汉字与中国文化传承的关系；了解联合国的工作语言，思考外语学习的动机。（语言能力，文化意识）
2.通过观察语言和文化的发展，能够客观分析、辩证思考事物发展的因果关系；能够形成发散思维，从多个视角认识世界，归纳影响中国文化发展的多种因素。（思维品质）
3.通过分析课文，能够结合上下文理解词义；学会使用英英词典，并能用英语解释词义。（语言能力，学习能力）
Step 1 先导入，拓展背景知识
Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.
Picture 1
Picture 2
Picture 3
1.Which languages do you think they are
Picture 1: ________
Picture 2: ________
Picture 3: _________
Chinese
English
Japanese
2.Which is the most difficult language to learn
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Different people have different opinions. Most people think that Chinese is the most difficult language to learn.
Step 2 再精读，明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Match the main idea with each paragraph according to the passage on Page 62.
A.At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.
B.The Chinese writing system has a great effect on the ancient civilisation of China.
C.The rise of many varieties of Chinese dialects and characters.
D.Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture.
E.The Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
F.More and more international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
1.Para.1 ( )
B
2.Para.2( )
A
3.Para.3( )
C
4.Para.4( )
E
5.Para.5( )
D
6.Para.6( )
F
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Page 62 and answer the following questions.
1.What is written Chinese like at the beginning ( )
C
A.It is a kind of picture painted on longgu.
B.It can date back to the Shang Dynasty.
C.It is a symbol carved on animal bones and shells.
D.It has a variety of dialects.
2.Why did the writing system develop into different forms ( )
A
A.Because people were divided geographically.
B.Because people tried to invent more dialects and characters.
C.Because people were not good at languages.
D.Because people liked to learn from others.
3.What does the author think of the writing system in uniting the Chinese people and
culture？( )
B
A.Useless. B.Significant. C.Creative. D.Unnecessary.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph ( )
C
A.Chinese people will go to all different countries.
B.More languages will come into China.
C.More and more foreigners will learn Chinese.
D.Foreigners plan to work in China.
Step 3 后结构，分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Page 62.
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT The effect on the ancient 1.___________ of China Despite the many ups and downs in its 2._______,the
Chinese writing system makes it possible that China's
ancient civilisation has continued all the way through into
modern times.
The period of longgu Written Chinese was a 3.____________ language.
civilisation
history
picture-based
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT The Shang Dynasty Over the years, the system developed into different
4.______, as it was a time 5.______ people were divided
geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and
6.__________.
The Qin Dynasty That writing system was of great 7.___________ in
uniting the Chinese people and culture.
forms
when
characters
importance
续表
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT Today The high 8._______ for the Chinese writing system can
be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an
art form, known as Chinese 9.___________, which has
become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the
Chinese writing system is still an important part of
Chinese 10._______.
续表
regard
calligraphy
culture
Ⅱ.Teamwork. It is a fact that more and more foreigners have interest in Chinese language and culture. Why do you think the world is so crazy about Chinese
____
略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times，despite the many ups and downs in its history.
善分析 本句是一个（1）______句，主句是China is widely known for its ancient
civilisation，（2）______从句 which has continued all the way through into modern
times修饰先行词civilisation,介词短语despite the many ups and downs in its history作
状语。
会翻译 （3）_______________________________________________________________
_____________________
复合
定语
中国以其古老的文明而闻名。尽管在历史上有许多起伏,中国古老的文明还是延续到了现代。
2.As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
善分析 as 引导（1）______状语从句，意为“随着”。主句是an increasing number of
international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through
this amazing language，句中并列连词and连接两个宾语China's culture和history，介词
短语through this amazing language是（2）______状语。
会翻译 （3）
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
时间
方式
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
核心单词
知识点1 despite prep. 即使；尽管
（P62）China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.中国以其古老的文明而著名。尽管在历史上有许多起伏，中国古老的文明还是延续到了现代。
知识拓展
despite=in spite of（+名词/代词/动词-ing形式） 尽管；不管
despite/in spite of the fact that... 尽管……
经典佳句
Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is unwilling to invest in enough training for his staff.尽管酒店服务很差，经理还是不愿意在充分培训员工方面花钱。
易混辨析
regardless of、 despite和in spite of的用法辨析：
三者都可以表示“不管；不顾；尽管”之意，但是固定搭配和用法不同。
（1）despite“虽然；尽管；不顾”，语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。
Despite the fact that the doctor told him to rest, Jack went to Spain. 尽管医生嘱咐杰克休息，他还是去了西班牙。
（2）in spite of“虽然；尽管；不顾”，语气较重。
In spite of all his efforts, he failed in his English exam. 尽管他付出了努力，他的英语考试还是不及格。
（3）regardless of“不管；不顾；不理会”，是一般用语。
The training class welcomes all students regardless of their ages. 培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The boy went out _________________________________.那个男孩无视他父亲的
命令，径自出去了。
in spite of/despite his father's orders
（2）Kelly loves her son ____________________________ he is slow in his study.凯
莉爱她的儿子，尽管他学习不是很好。
in spite of/despite the fact that
（3）_________________________________，he is learning to drive.尽管他年纪大了，
他还是在学开车。
Despite/In spite of his advanced age
知识点2 base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n.底部；根据 ＊basic adj. 最重要的；基本的；最简单的；初级的 ＊basis n. 原因；缘由；基准；准则
（P62）At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.起初，汉字是一种基于图形的语言。
知识拓展
be based on 以……为基础/依据
base...on... 以……为基础
basic knowledge 基础知识；基本知识
on the basis of 以……为基础；根据……
经典佳句
These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text.这些天，我和我的同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）With our knowledge ______（base） on practice, we can make contributions to
our society.
based
（2）—Why did you promote him to a position of leadership
—____ the basis of his qualifications and ideas.
On
Ⅱ.一句多译
这部电影以一个真实故事为基础，非常受欢迎。
（3）The film _______________________,and it is very popular.
is based on a true story
（4）_____________________, the film is very popular.
Based on a true story
知识点3 variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；（同一事物的）不同种类；多样化；多变（性） ＊vary v. 改变；变化 ＊various adj. 不同的；各种各样的
（P62）Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 多年来，由于曾经一段时间人们居住在不同的地理区域，书写系统演变成不同的形式，多样的方言和文字也随之产生。
知识拓展
a （wide / large） variety of=varieties of=various 不同种类的；各种各样的
vary from...to... 从……到……变化
vary with 随着……变化
vary in 在……方面有差异
经典佳句
Finland's vast woodlands offer shelter and food for a variety of wildlife.芬兰广袤的森林为众多野生生物提供居所和食物。
名师点拨
a variety of （=varieties of）既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）There are other ________（variety） of sunflowers which can be grown exactly
in the same way.
varieties
（2）Changes in price normally vary _____ changes of supply and demand.
with
（3）There is no doubt that this sort of thing ______（vary） from person to person.
varies
Ⅱ.词汇升级
（4）In my free time，I'd like to take exercise，such as swimming，running and all
kinds of ball games.
→In my free time，I'd like to take exercise，such as swimming，running and
____________________________ ball games.
various/a variety of/varieties of
知识点4 major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究 ＊majority n. 大多数；大半
（P62）Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇统一七国，中国的书写体系由此开始朝同一个方向发展。
知识拓展
a major problem 一个重大问题
major in 主修……
a/the majority of 大多数；大部分
in a/the majority 占大多数
图解释义
major in French
主修法语
two girls of English major
两个英语专业的女孩
名师点拨
the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数，若集合名词是指个体，则谓语动词用复数。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to
major ___ the gardening after attending college.
in
（2）The majority of the land __________________ （destroy） so far.
has been destroyed
（3）A lot more progress should be made in helping the vast ________ （major）
of women to juggle （尽量兼顾） their home and work lives.
majority
知识点5 means n.方式；方法；途径
（P62）Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的重要途径。
知识拓展
by this means 通过这种方法
by means of... 用……办法；借助……手段
by no means 决不；一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）
a means of communication 一种通信/交流工具
经典佳句
There is no doubt that it is an important means of communication.毫无疑问，它是一种重要的交流工具。
名师点拨
（1）means作主语且有every、each等表示单数意义的词对其进行修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
（2）means作主语且有all、several、many等表示复数意义的词对其进行修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句写作
（1）He has greatly improved his spoken English ______________.他用这种方法极大
地提高了自己的英语口语水平。
by this means
（2）_____________ the advertisement, he found two highly skilled foreign talents.他
借助广告找到了两位技术高超的外国人才。
By means of
（3）She is _____________ an inexperienced teacher.她绝不是一个毫无经验的教师。
by no means
Ⅱ.句式升级
（4）The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought.
→_____________________________________________________.（倒装句）
By no means is the problem as simple as we first thought
知识点6 regard n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待 ＊regarding prep. 关于；至于
（P62）The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中，汉字作为一种艺术形式，被称为中国书法，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
知识拓展
have high regard for... 钦佩……；对……非常重视/十分尊重
with/ in regard to sth 关于某事
give one's regards to 代某人向……问好
regard / consider...as... 认为……是……
经典佳句
Su Bingtian is regarded as one of the greatest famous Chinese athletes.苏炳添被认为是中国最伟大的著名运动员之一。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I have nothing to say with regard ___ your complaints.
to
（2）He knew nothing _________ （regard） the case.
regarding
（3）The novel is regarded ___ one of the classic works.
as
知识点7 character n.文字；符号；角色；品质；性格 ＊characteristic adj.典型的；独特的 n.特征；特性
（P62）The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中,汉字作为一种艺术形式,被称为中国书法,已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
知识拓展
a leading character 主角
in character （与自身特性）相符
out of character 和……不相称；不符合
important characteristic 重要的特征
经典佳句
One may only have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which build one's character.一个人可能只有一种性格，但可能有多种特征或特点，所有这些特征或特点便构成了一个人的品质。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）It was entirely ___ character for Rachel to put her baby first.
in
（2）The need to communicate is a key ____________（character） of human society.
characteristic
Ⅱ.写出下列句中character的含义
（3）He is the main character in the film The Wondering Earth. ______
角色
（4）Her husband was a man of good character, well-liked and respected by his
colleagues. ______
品质
（5）There are more than 80,000 Chinese characters, most of which are seldom used
today. ______
汉字
知识点8 appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会；意识到 ＊appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
（P62） As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
知识拓展
appreciate+名词/代词/动词-ing形式 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激
经典佳句
Many people can't fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise.许多人没有充分认识到定期锻炼的重要性。
名师点拨
appreciate作“感激；感谢”讲时，其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语，且其后不直接跟if或when等引导的从句，需先接it，再接从句。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Here I sincerely express my____________（appreciate） if you could help find
the lost suitcase.
appreciation
（2）I would appreciate ___ if you could give me some advice on how to solve
these problems.
it
（3）I appreciate____________（give） the opportunity to work in your company two
years ago.
being given
（4）I'd appreciate your_______（write） me back as soon as possible.
writing
短语句式
知识点9 date back （to...）追溯（到……）
（P62）It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu...它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期……
知识拓展
date back to...=date from... 追溯到……
out of date 过时的；陈旧的
图解释义
The evolution of human being dates back to a long time ago. 人类的进化史很久之前就开始了。
名师点拨
date back to和date from作谓语时一般不用于进行时态。在句中作定语或状语时，常用动词-ing形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I'd like to buy a new coat, because this one is ____ of date.
out
（2）A palace _______ （date） back to the 16th century is under repair.
dating
Ⅱ.一句多译
专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。
（3）According to the expert,the temple has a history
________________________________________.（动词-ing形式作后置定语）
dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty
（4）According to the expert,the temple has a history
_____________________________________________.（定语从句）
which dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty
知识点10 be of+抽象名词
（P62）That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.该书写体系对于统一中国人和中国文化具有非凡的意义。
知识拓展
句中的was of great importance 相当于was very important，意为“很重要”。
（1）be of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词
be of （great） =be （very）
valuable
important
useful
helpful
（2）“be of a/the same+抽象名词”用于说明主语的特征（这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式），如be of the same size/weight/height/age/color/kind/type。
I hope these suggestions above will be of some help to you. Perhaps we can meet in Chongqing.我希望以上这些建议能对你有所帮助。也许我们可以在重庆见面。
融会应用 同义句改写
（1）A peaceful family is of benefit to a child's personal development.
→A peaceful family ______________ a child's personal development.
is beneficial to
（2）His opinion is considered to be very valuable.
→His opinion is considered to _________________.
be of great value
知识点11 no matter+疑问词
（P62）Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。
知识拓展
（1）no matter where/who/what... “不论……；不管……”,引导让步状语从句。
No matter where I am,I will always remember I am a Chinese. 不管我身在何方,我都会记住自己是个中国人。
（2）“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同:
·“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,这时可以和“疑问词+-ever”互换。
·“疑问词+-ever”可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。
·whenever、wherever、however等只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。
融会应用 同义句改写
（1）No matter what problem you have,turn to me.
→__________________________, turn to me.
Whatever problem you have
（2）However long it takes,we'll have to finish the job.
→__________________________, we'll have to finish the job.
No matter how long it takes
（3）Anyone who wants the book may have it.
→_______________ the book may have it.
Whoever wants
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.________ （billion） of people speak Chinese nowadays.
Billions
2.The symbols which ____________ （carve） on the shell by my father look alive.
were carved
3.They play a leading role in reducing _______ （globe） warming.
global
4.I would appreciate ___ if you could give me a hand.
it
5.This is an old building _______ （date） back to the 14th century.
dating
6.Beijing is filled with people from ________ （variety） of parts of China.
varieties
7.You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _________
（refer）.
reference
8.Calligraphy is not only a beautiful art form but also ___means of showing the
“man behind the brush”.
a
9.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ （regard） as
one of the best forms of exercise.
is regarded
10.You'd better learn some ______ （base） Chinese before you come to our school.
Only in this way can you get used to the life here soon.
basic
Ⅱ.选词填空
date back to； out of character； ups and downs； major in； be based on
1.The happiness of a family ____________ faith.
is based on
2.There is a precious vase in the museum, which is said to ____________ the Ming
Dynasty.
date back to
3.The actor's American accent was _______________ with his role as Hamlet.
out of character
4.Every job has its _______________， and aspects we love and aspects we don't
love.
ups and downs
5.For that matter, history and music professors can expect to earn a lot less than their
students who _________ business.
major in
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——巧妙使用衔接词
1.He can not only accompany you，prevent you from feeling lonely but also share
the travel cost with you. Having a travel mate means meeting a new friend.
→两句中可添加：___________________________________________
what's more/moreover/apart from this/furthermore
2.The graduates themselves are responsible for the situation. The government should
be responsible for it， too.
→用连词连接两个句子：
___________________________________________________________________________
________________
Not only are the graduates themselves responsible for the situation，but also the government should.
Ⅳ.探究活动（选做题）
1~3.1.Which do you think is the most widely used language in the world
________
English.
2.Do you think Chinese can be a world language Why
____
略
3.Find out the differences between British English and American English， and then try to fill in the form below.
BrE AmE
vocabulary autumn； flat； I think （1）____；__________；________
spelling colour； centre； traveller （2）______；_______；________
pronunciation dance /dɑ ns/； not /n t/ （3）_____________；__________
fall
apartment
I guess
color
center
traveler
dance /d ns/
not /nɑ t/Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文,了解中国汉字的发展历史,理解汉字与中国文化传承的关系;了解联合国的工作语言,思考外语学习的动机。(语言能力,文化意识)
2.通过观察语言和文化的发展,能够客观分析、辩证思考事物发展的因果关系;能够形成发散思维,从多个视角认识世界,归纳影响中国文化发展的多种因素。(思维品质)
3.通过分析课文,能够结合上下文理解词义;学会使用英英词典,并能用英语解释词义。(语言能力,学习能力)
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.
Picture 1
Picture 2
Picture 3
1.Which languages do you think they are
Picture 1:
Picture 2:
Picture 3:
2.Which is the most difficult language to learn
答案
1.Chinese;English;Japanese
2.Different people have different opinions.Most people think that Chinese is the most difficult language to learn.
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Match the main idea with each paragraph according to the passage on Page 62.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Para.2
( )3.Para.3 ( )4.Para.4
( )5.Para.5 ( )6.Para.6
A.At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.
B.The Chinese writing system has a great effect on the ancient civilisation of China.
C.The rise of many varieties of Chinese dialects and characters.
D.Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture.
E.The Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
F.More and more international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
答案 1~6 BACEDF
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Page 62 and answer the following questions.
1.What is written Chinese like at the beginning
A.It is a kind of picture painted on longgu.
B.It can date back to the Shang Dynasty.
C.It is a symbol carved on animal bones and shells.
D.It has a variety of dialects.
2.Why did the writing system develop into different forms
A.Because people were divided geographically.
B.Because people tried to invent more dialects and characters.
C.Because people were not good at languages.
D.Because people liked to learn from others.
3.What does the author think of the writing system in uniting the Chinese people and culture
A.Useless.
B.Significant.
C.Creative.
D.Unnecessary.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Chinese people will go to all different countries.
B.More languages will come into China.
C.More and more foreigners will learn Chinese.
D.Foreigners plan to work in China.
答案 1~4 CABC
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Page 62.
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
The effect on the ancient 1. of China Despite the many ups and downs in its 2.,the Chinese writing system makes it possible that China's ancient civilisation has continued all the way through into modern times.
(续表)
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
The period of longgu Written Chinese was a 3. language.
The Shang Dynasty Over the years, the system developed into different 4., as it was a time 5. people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and 6..
The Qin Dynasty That writing system was of great 7. in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Today The high 8. for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese 9., which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese 10..
答案 1.civilisation 2.history 3.picture-based 4.forms 5.when 6.characters 7.importance
8.regard 9.calligraphy 10.culture
导学思路
Scanning(寻读)
Scanning是以最快的速度扫视所读材料,从整篇文章中快速找出关键信息,过程中忽略其他无关紧要的信息,定位所需信息后再仔细阅读该项内容的一种阅读方法。如查找某个人名、地名、时间、地点等,即在寻找特定信息、寻找具体事实、寻找答题所需内容。填写上面表格时就可以根据左栏表示时间的关键信息词,去寻找文章中的对应关键信息。
Ⅱ.
Teamwork. It is a fact that more and more foreigners have interest in Chinese language and culture. Why do you think the world is so crazy about Chinese
答案 略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times,despite the many ups and downs in its history.
善分析 本句是一个(1) 句,主句是China is widely known for its ancient civilisation,(2)从句 which has continued all the way through into modern times修饰先行词civilisation,介词短语despite the many ups and downs in its history作状语。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)复合 (2)定语 (3)中国以其古老的文明而闻名。尽管在历史上有许多起伏,中国古老的文明还是延续到了现代。
2.As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
善分析 as 引导(1) 状语从句,意为“随着”。主句是an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language,句中并列连词and连接两个宾语China's culture和history,介词短语through this amazing language是(2) 状语。
会翻译 (3)
答案 (1)时间 (2)方式 (3)随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
新知探究
甲 骨 文
甲骨文是中国的一种古老文字,是目前我们能见到的最早的成熟汉字。甲骨文发现于中国河南省安阳市,是商朝时期的文化产物,距今有三千多年的历史。
秦 始 皇
秦始皇嬴政(公元前259年~公元前210年)出生于赵国都城邯郸,十三岁时登上王位,是中国历史上著名的政治家、战略家、改革家。他建立了首个多民族的中央集权国家,是中国第一个称皇帝的封建王朝君主。
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:
CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times(1), despite the many ups and downs in its history.There are many reasons why this has been possible(2), but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
汉字书写体系:
连接过去与现在
中国以其古老的文明而著名。尽管在历史上有许多起伏,中国古老的文明还是延续到了现代。为什么会这样呢 这其中有许多原因,不过一个主要因素就是汉字的书写体系。
【助读点拨】
(1)which引导的定语从句修饰先行词its ancient civilisation。
(2)关系副词why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reasons,同时why在从句中作原因状语。
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people(3).Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
起初,汉字是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人民将符号刻在动物骨头和壳上,一些古代的符号在今天的汉字当中仍然可见到。
【助读点拨】
(3)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词animal bones and shells。
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters(4).This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE).
到商朝的时候(约公元前1600~公元前1046年),这些符号已经形成一个高度发达的书写体系。多年来,由于曾经一段时间人们居住在不同的地理区域,书写系统演变成不同的形式,多样的方言和文字也随之产生。不过,秦朝(公元前221~公元前207年)秦始皇统治时期,这一现象有所改变。
【助读点拨】
(4)as引导原因状语从句,该从句中包含一个it was a time when...句型,其中when引导定语从句,修饰a time。动词-ing形式leading to...作结果状语。
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction(5).That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak(6), they can all still communicate in writing.
秦始皇统一七国,中国的书写体系由此开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于统一中国人和中国文化都具有非凡的意义。即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
【助读点拨】
(5)where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one unified country,where在从句中作地点状语。
(6)“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句,what前省略了no matter。
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past(7). People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.(8)
汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的重要途径。现代人能阅读古代中国人创作的经典作品。中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中,汉字作为一种艺术形式,被称为中国书法,已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
【助读点拨】
(7)“介词by+which”引导的定语从句修饰先行词an important means。
(8)该句是一个比较复杂的主从复合句。The high regard是主语,介词短语for the Chinese writing system修饰主语;关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰先行词Chinese calligraphy。
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture.As China plays a greater role in global affairs(9), an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
今天,汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
【助读点拨】
(9)as引导时间状语从句,意为“随着……”。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 despite prep. 即使;尽管
(P62)China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.中国以其古老的文明而著名。尽管在历史上有许多起伏,中国古老的文明还是延续到了现代。
知识拓展
despite=in spite of(+名词/代词/动词-ing形式) 尽管;不管
despite/in spite of the fact that... 尽管……
经典佳句
Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is unwilling to invest in enough training for his staff.尽管酒店服务很差,经理还是不愿意在充分培训员工方面花钱。
regardless of、 despite和in spite of的用法辨析:
三者都可以表示“不管;不顾;尽管”之意,但是固定搭配和用法不同。
(1)despite“虽然;尽管;不顾”,语气较弱,多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。
Despite the fact that the doctor told him to rest, Jack went to Spain. 尽管医生嘱咐杰克休息,他还是去了西班牙。
(2)in spite of“虽然;尽管;不顾”,语气较重。
In spite of all his efforts, he failed in his English exam. 尽管他付出了努力,他的英语考试还是不及格。
(3)regardless of“不管;不顾;不理会”,是一般用语。
The training class welcomes all students regardless of their ages. 培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The boy went out .那个男孩无视他父亲的命令,径自出去了。
(2)Kelly loves her son he is slow in his study.凯莉爱她的儿子,尽管他学习不是很好。
(3) ,he is learning to drive.尽管他年纪大了,他还是在学开车。
答案 (1)in spite of/despite his father's orders
(2)in spite of/despite the fact that (3)Despite/In spite of his advanced age
知识点2 base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据 *basic adj. 最重要的;基本的;最简单的;初级的 *basis n. 原因;缘由;基准;准则
(P62)At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.起初,汉字是一种基于图形的语言。
知识拓展
be based on 以……为基础/依据
base...on... 以……为基础
basic knowledge 基础知识;基本知识
on the basis of 以……为基础;根据……
经典佳句
These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text.这些天,我和我的同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)With our knowledge (base) on practice, we can make contributions to our society.
(2)—Why did you promote him to a position of leadership
— the basis of his qualifications and ideas.
Ⅱ.一句多译
这部电影以一个真实故事为基础,非常受欢迎。
(3)The film ,and it is very popular.
(4) , the film is very popular.
答案 (1)based (2)On (3)is based on a true story (4)Based on a true story
知识点3 variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;(同一事物的)不同种类;多样化;多变(性) *vary v. 改变;变化 *various adj. 不同的;各种各样的
(P62)Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 多年来,由于曾经一段时间人们居住在不同的地理区域,书写系统演变成不同的形式,多样的方言和文字也随之产生。
知识拓展
a (wide / large) variety of=varieties of=various 不同种类的;各种各样的
vary from...to... 从……到……变化
vary with 随着……变化
vary in 在……方面有差异
经典佳句
Finland's vast woodlands offer shelter and food for a variety of wildlife.芬兰广袤的森林为众多野生生物提供居所和食物。
名师点拨
a variety of (=varieties of)既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词,该短语修饰可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)There are other (variety) of sunflowers which can be grown exactly in the same way.
(2)Changes in price normally vary changes of supply and demand.
(3)There is no doubt that this sort of thing (vary) from person to person.
Ⅱ.词汇升级
(4)In my free time,I'd like to take exercise,such as swimming,running and all kinds of ball games.
→In my free time,I'd like to take exercise,such as swimming,running and ball games.
答案 (1)varieties (2)with (3)varies (4)various/a variety of/varieties of
知识点4 major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究 *majority n. 大多数;大半
(P62)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇统一七国,中国的书写体系由此开始朝同一个方向发展。
知识拓展
a major problem 一个重大问题
major in 主修……
a/the majority of 大多数;大部分
in a/the majority 占大多数
图解释义
major in French two girls of English major
主修法语 两个英语专业的女孩
名师点拨
the majority of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;后接集合名词作主语时,若集合名词视为整体,则谓语动词用单数,若集合名词是指个体,则谓语动词用复数。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college.
(2)The majority of the land (destroy) so far.
(3)A lot more progress should be made in helping the vast (major) of women to juggle (尽量兼顾) their home and work lives.
答案 (1)in (2)has been destroyed (3)majority
知识点5 means n.方式;方法;途径
(P62)Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的重要途径。
知识拓展
by this means 通过这种方法
by means of... 用……办法;借助……手段
by no means 决不;一点也不(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
a means of communication 一种通信/交流工具
经典佳句
There is no doubt that it is an important means of communication.毫无疑问,它是一种重要的交流工具。
名师点拨
(1)means作主语且有every、each等表示单数意义的词对其进行修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
(2)means作主语且有all、several、many等表示复数意义的词对其进行修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句写作
(1)He has greatly improved his spoken English .他用这种方法极大地提高了自己的英语口语水平。
(2) the advertisement, he found two highly skilled foreign talents.他借助广告找到了两位技术高超的外国人才。
(3)She is an inexperienced teacher.她绝不是一个毫无经验的教师。
Ⅱ.句式升级
(4)The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought.
→ .(倒装句)
答案 (1)by this means (2)By means of (3)by no means (4)By no means is the problem as simple as we first thought
知识点6 regard n.尊重;关注 vt.把……视为;看待 *regarding prep. 关于;至于
(P62)The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中,汉字作为一种艺术形式,被称为中国书法,已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
知识拓展
have high regard for... 钦佩……;对……非常重视/十分尊重
with/ in regard to sth 关于某事
give one's regards to 代某人向……问好
regard / consider...as... 认为……是……
经典佳句
Su Bingtian is regarded as one of the greatest famous Chinese athletes.苏炳添被认为是中国最伟大的著名运动员之一。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)I have nothing to say with regard your complaints.
(2)He knew nothing (regard) the case.
(3)The novel is regarded one of the classic works.
答案 (1)to (2)regarding (3)as
知识点7 character n.文字;符号;角色;品质;性格 *characteristic adj.典型的;独特的 n.特征;特性
(P62)The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中,汉字作为一种艺术形式,被称为中国书法,已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
知识拓展
a leading character 主角
in character (与自身特性)相符
out of character 和……不相称;不符合
important characteristic 重要的特征
经典佳句
One may only have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which build one's character.一个人可能只有一种性格,但可能有多种特征或特点,所有这些特征或特点便构成了一个人的品质。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)It was entirely character for Rachel to put her baby first.
(2)The need to communicate is a key (character) of human society.
Ⅱ.写出下列句中character的含义
(3)He is the main character in the film The Wondering Earth.
(4)Her husband was a man of good character, well-liked and respected by his colleagues.
(5)There are more than 80,000 Chinese characters, most of which are seldom used today.
答案 (1)in (2)characteristic (3)角色 (4)品质 (5)汉字
知识点8 appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会;意识到 *appreciation n. 欣赏;感激
(P62) As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
知识拓展
appreciate+名词/代词/动词-ing形式 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激
经典佳句
Many people can't fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise.许多人没有充分认识到定期锻炼的重要性。
名师点拨
appreciate作“感激;感谢”讲时,其后只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语,且其后不直接跟if或when等引导的从句,需先接it,再接从句。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Here I sincerely express my (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
(2)I would appreciate if you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
(3)I appreciate (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
(4)I'd appreciate your (write) me back as soon as possible.
答案 (1)appreciation (2)it (3)being given
(4)writing
短 语 句 式
知识点9 date back (to...)追溯(到……)
(P62)It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu...它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期……
知识拓展
date back to...=date from... 追溯到……
out of date 过时的;陈旧的
图解释义
The evolution of human being dates back to a long time ago. 人类的进化史很久之前就开始了。
名师点拨
date back to和date from作谓语时一般不用于进行时态。在句中作定语或状语时,常用动词-ing形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I'd like to buy a new coat, because this one is of date.
(2)A palace (date) back to the 16th century is under repair.
Ⅱ.一句多译
专家说这座寺庙历史悠久,可追溯到初唐时期。
(3)According to the expert,the temple has a history .(动词-ing形式作后置定语)
(4)According to the expert,the temple has a history .(定语从句)
答案 (1)out (2)dating (3)dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty (4)which dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty
知识点10 be of+抽象名词
(P62)That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.该书写体系对于统一中国人和中国文化具有非凡的意义。
知识拓展
句中的was of great importance 相当于was very important,意为“很重要”。
(1)be of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词
be of (great)=be (very)
(2)“be of a/the same+抽象名词”用于说明主语的特征(这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式),如be of the same size/weight/height/age/color/kind/type。
I hope these suggestions above will be of some help to you.Perhaps we can meet in Chongqing.我希望以上这些建议能对你有所帮助。也许我们可以在重庆见面。
融会应用
同义句改写
(1)A peaceful family is of benefit to a child's personal development.
→A peaceful family a child's personal development.
(2)His opinion is considered to be very valuable.
→His opinion is considered to .
答案 (1)is beneficial to (2)be of great value
知识点11 no matter+疑问词
(P62)Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
知识拓展
(1)no matter where/who/what... “不论……;不管……”,引导让步状语从句。
No matter where I am,I will always remember I am a Chinese. 不管我身在何方,我都会记住自己是个中国人。
(2)“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同:
·“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,这时可以和“疑问词+-ever”互换。
·“疑问词+-ever”可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。
·whenever、wherever、however等只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。
融会应用
同义句改写
(1)No matter what problem you have,turn to me.
→ , turn to me.
(2)However long it takes,we'll have to finish the job.
→ , we'll have to finish the job.
(3)Anyone who wants the book may have it.
→ the book may have it.
答案 (1)Whatever problem you have (2)No matter how long it takes (3)Whoever wants
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. (billion) of people speak Chinese nowadays.
2.The symbols which (carve) on the shell by my father look alive.
3.They play a leading role in reducing (globe) warming.
4.I would appreciate if you could give me a hand.
5.This is an old building (date) back to the 14th century.
6.Beijing is filled with people from (variety) of parts of China.
7.You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future (refer).
8.Calligraphy is not only a beautiful art form but also means of showing the “man behind the brush”.
9.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best forms of exercise.
10.You'd better learn some (base) Chinese before you come to our school.Only in this way can you get used to the life here soon.
答案 1.Billions 2.were carved 3.global 4.it 5.dating 6.varieties 7.reference 8.a 9.is regarded 10.basic
Ⅱ.选词填空
date back to; out of character; ups and downs; major in; be based on
1.The happiness of a family faith.
2.There is a precious vase in the museum, which is said to the Ming Dynasty.
3.The actor's American accent was with his role as Hamlet.
4.Every job has its , and aspects we love and aspects we don't love.
5.For that matter, history and music professors can expect to earn a lot less than their students who business.
答案 1.is based on 2.date back to 3.out of character 4.ups and downs 5.major in
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——巧妙使用衔接词
1.He can not only accompany you,prevent you from feeling lonely but also share the travel cost with you.Having a travel mate means meeting a new friend.
→两句中可添加:
2.The graduates themselves are responsible for the situation.The government should be responsible for it, too.
→用连词连接两个句子:
答案
1.what's more/moreover/apart from this/furthermore
2.Not only are the graduates themselves responsible for the situation,but also the government should.
Ⅳ.探究活动(选做题)
1.Which do you think is the most widely used language in the world
2.Do you think Chinese can be a world language Why
3.Find out the differences between British English and American English, and then try to fill in the form below.
BrE AmE
vocabulary autumn; flat; I think (1); ;
spelling colour; centre; traveller (2); ;
pronunciation dance /d' ns/; not /n t/ (3);
答案
1.English.
2.略
3.(1)fall; apartment; I guess (2)color; center; traveler (3)dance /d ns/; not /n' t/
2
