2024届高考英语分词的完成式课件(共22张PPT)

(共22张PPT)
分词 ②
分词的完成式
前言
在之前的讨论中，我们都没有讨论过分词的完成式，即having done和having been done。
在这个章节中，我们就讨论这两种形式。
分词的完成式
分词的完成式分为主动完成式（having done）和被动完成式 （having been done）
分词的完成式having done或having been done只能作状语，不能作定语。
分词的完成式
首先，我们要来思考一下，什么时候我们需要使用到分词的完成式？先来对比下面两个句子：
1) Having sung a song, he sat down.
2) Singing a song, he sat down.
它们在表达上有什么不同？
1) Having sung a song, he sat down. 他唱完一支歌后，就坐了下来。
2) Singing a song, he sat down. 唱着歌的同时，他就坐了下来。
一般式：当分词所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或在它之后发生，则要用分词的一般式。
完成式：当分词所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前发生，则要用分词的完成 式。
1) Having read the newspaper, I walked over to the windows and saw it's raining outside. 看完报纸，我走到窗前，看见外面正在下雨。
2) Reading the newspaper, I walked over to the windows and saw it's raining outside.看着报纸，我走到窗前，看见外面正在下雨。
1) Having eaten his supper, he went out.
2) Eating his supper, he went out.
前面讲的是分词动作先于谓语动作时，分词要用完成式。但这种表述还是比较笼统。
现在，我们将详细分析分词动作先于谓语动作的具体表现形式；
如果分词是短暂动词，则分词的完成式所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作之前多次发生过，即表现为重复性(repetition)的特点。
如果分词是延续动词，则分词的完成式所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作之前发生并且持续了一段时间，即表现为持续性(continuation)的特点。
分词的完成式的深度理解
（其实就是完成时态的特点）
短暂性动词
Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.
Having failed three times, he didn't want to try again.
Having failed to qualify as a doctor, I took up teaching.
Having lost his cargo during the hurricane, the captain faced bankruptcy when his vessel finally reached port.
延续性动词
Having been an English teacher for more than ten years, and having been constantly exposed to American culture through American friends and the American mass media, I did not experience the so-called "culture shock" when I came to Harvard University.
练习
1. A new technique___ , the yields as whole increased by 20 percent.
A. working out
B. having been worked out
C. having worked out
D. to have been worked out
B。考查分词完成式的用法。这里显然分词活动先发生，所以要用完成式。
练习
2.___ that everything was in place, he locked up the shop and went home.
A. Checking
B. Having checked
C. Being checked
D. Having been checked
B。考查分词完成式的用法。这里everything提示check动作持续了一段时间，故用分词完成式妥当。
练习
3. ___many times in a row, the opponent decided to give up fighting.
A. Having defeated
B. Having been defeated
C. For having been defeated
D. As having been defeated
B。考查分词一般式与完成式的用法区分。这里many times表明分词动作重复了多次，所以分词该用完成式。
练习
4. With production ___ up steadily, the factory needs an ever- increasing supply of raw materials.
A. having gone
B. going
C. to go
D. having been going
B。考查分词一般式与完成式的用法区分。这里分词与谓语动作之间没有先后关系，而是同步发生，所以分词该用一般式。
练习
5. The supermarket is very crowded on Sundays, with people ___ .
A. going in and out
B. to go in and out
C. gone in and out
D. having gone in and out
A。考查分词一般式与完成式的用法区分。这里分词与谓语动
作之间没有先后关系，而是同步发生，所以分词该用一般式。
练习
6. The fog ___ dense, all the planes were suspended.
A. is
B. was
C. being
D. having been
C
练习
7. The decision ___ , what is to be done now is how to carry it out.
A. been made
B. being made
C. having been made
D. being making
C
练习
8. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ___ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.
A. to be deserted
B. having deserted
C. to have been deserted
D. having been deserted
D。
练习
9. The destructive fire ___ , the firefighters recommended the occupants' getting an alarm device.
A. having been put out
B. being put out
C. had been put out
D. was put out
A
分词完成式不能作定语
完成式不能作定语
分词的完成式having done或having been done一般不能用在名词后面作后置定语（因为是短语，当然就更无法作前置定语），而只作状语。
请看下面两个句子：
1) The Chinese children having been raised in the US can speak fluent English. （X）
2) The Chinese children having been raised in the US, we find they have a totally different value from that of those raised in China. （√）
完成式不能作定语
在例句1）中，分词的完成被动式having been raised 用来作后置定语，现在式式不能作定语的， 这句话可以改写成The Chinese children who have been raised in the US can speak fluent English.
在例句2）中，分词的完成被动式having been raised与其逻辑主语the Chinese children一起构成“名词+分词”的独立分词结构，用来作状语，正确。