译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Careers and skills 词汇知识清单

选择性必修四 第三单元单词学案
1.salary / s l ri/ n. 薪金，薪水
an annual salary of $40 000 4万美元的年薪
monthly salary 月薪
辨析：salary, wage, pay, fee, income, fare与bonus的区别
1) salary n.“薪金，薪水”[u/c]，指定期发给某人月薪。
He receives a salary of 3,000 yuan. 他的月薪是3,000元。
2) wage n.“工资，工钱，薪水，报酬 (复）”，指每日、周所发的工资或计时、计件工资。
A postman’s wages are＄60 per week. 一个邮递员的工资是每周60美元。
3) pay n.“薪水，工资”[u]，最普通用语。特指海陆军人及其它在政府部门工作者的薪水。
His job is hard work, but the pay is good. 她工作虽辛苦，但薪水不低。
4) fee n.“手续费，薪水”，指付给律师，医师或其他专业人员的谢金，学费等。
There is no entrance fee to the gallery. 这家美术馆不收门票。
5) income n.“收益，收入，进款”[u/c]。
His income is well below the average. 他的收入大大低于平均水平。
6) fare n.“车费，船费；飞机票价”[u/c]。
The conductor began to collect fares. 售票员开始收车费。
Fares are cheap, starting at 1yuan. 票价便宜，一元起价。
7) bonus n.“奖金”，指分给员工的“奖金”。
She is expecting a New Year bonus to buy a coat.
2.labour / le b (r)/ n. 劳动，（尤指）体力劳动；分娩期，分娩 vi. 努力做；干苦力活
Scientists laboured for months to unravel the mysteries of Neptune and still remain baffled
labour force（全公司或全国的）劳动力
manual labour (= work using your hands) 体力劳动
a shortage of labour 劳动力的短缺 labourer n. 劳动者；劳工
Labour（abbr. Lab）英国工党 labour for v. 努力争取
3.*gear /ɡ (r)/ vt. 使适用于 n. 排挡；齿轮；传动装置
The course had been geared towards the specific needs of its members.
Indeed, it could be argued that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work.
gear sth to/towards (doing) sth 使与…相适应；使适合于
gear up (for/to sth)/gear sb/sth up (for/to sth)（使）为…作好准备
reverse gear 倒挡
low/high gear 低速╱高速挡
change/shift gear 换挡
4.earn a living 谋生
First you should consider how to equip yourself to earn a living.
5.attain / te n/ vt. 达到；获得
Are you courageous enough to attain that goal that you set
Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them.
attainment n. 达到，获得；成就，造诣
attainable adj. 可得到的；可达到的；可到达的
unattainable adj. 做不到的；难到达的
6.*endeavor / n‘dev / vi. 努力，尽力 n. 努力，尝试
do one’s best endeavours 尽最大的努力
make an endeavor to do sth尽力做某事
advances in the field of scientific endeavour 在科学探索领域的进步
endeavour for 尽力
endeavour to perfect one's skill 努力钻研技术
典题赏析：
1) I will endeavour __________________ (do) my best for my country.
2) Please ___________________________ to arrive on time. 请尽最大的努力按时到达。
7.passion / p ( )n/ n. 强烈感情；酷爱
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology.
have a passion for 对…有强烈的爱好
passionate adj. 热诚的，狂热的；热恋的，情意绵绵的；易怒的
passionately adv. 热情地；强烈地；激昂地
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① I will always work hard great passion and confidence.
②She developed a passion paper-cutting.
8.fond /f nd/ adj. 喜爱
I've always been fond of poetry and one piece has always stuck in my mind.
be fond of 喜爱（30）
fondness n. 爱好；溺爱
fondly adv. 天真地；怜爱地；温柔地
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I’m fond English.
9.anticipate / n t s pe t/ vt. 预计（并做准备）；预料
They anticipate moving to bigger premises（场所）by the end of the year.
There are some things in life we just can't anticipate.
anticipate doing sth/anticipate sth doing sth 期盼；期望
anticipation n. 预期，预料；期盼，期望
in anticipation of sth　期待着；预计到
anticipatory adj. 预期的；提早发生的；期待着的
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①We thought the concert in the park would be popular but we didn't anticipate so many people (turn) up.
② It (anticipate) that her sad mood can last for a rather long time.
③ She's even decorated the spare room in anticipation your visit.
10.superior /su p ri (r)/ adj. 好的，占优势的 n. 级别（或地位、职位）更高的人
We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends.
be superior to sb/sth（在品质上）更好的；占优势；更胜一筹
be superior (to sb) （在级别、重要性或职位上）更高的
be superior in 在…方面优越
superior intelligence 更强的智力
superiority n. 优越，优势；优越感，骄傲自大
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① She was chosen for the job because she was superior the other candidates.
② She's senior me, so I have to do what she tells me.
③ This duty is prior all the others.
④ He is three years junior me.
⑤This is the only way to demonstrate the (superior)of socialism.
11.prejudice / pred ud s/ n. 偏见，成见
There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice long before the two countries went to war.
There is widespread prejudice against workers over 45.
have prejudice against 对……有偏见
without prejudice 无偏见
racial prejudice 种族偏见
Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》
prejudiced adj. 怀偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的
单句语法填空
① Tom’s pleasant manner prejudice the jury __________ his favour.
②My own schooldays prejudiced me ____________all formal education.
③I don’t know why they are all so _____________ (prejudice) against the idea.
12.status quo现状
The government is trying to maintain the status quo.
13.lawyer n.律师
14.servant n. 雇员；仆人
He works as a servant in a wealthy household.
15.public servant 公务员，公仆
16.consultant n. 顾问；会诊医师
She works as a consultant for a large multinational company.
v. consult
n.consultation咨询
17.clerk n. 职员，办事员
18.receptionist /r sep. .n st/ 接待员； 接待人员
He works as a receptionist at a hotel.
19.respective /r spekt v/ adj. 分别的，各自的
the respective roles of men and women in society.
They are each recognized specialists in their respective fields.
Their sons were three and six respectively.
respectively adv. 分别地，依次地
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It was a great surprise that my husband and I got pay rises of 8% and 10% (respective).
20.zone /z n/ n. 地区；区域
Moreover, there are people who choose to step out of their comfort zone and commit themselves to working for the benefit of others.
What prevents us from getting out of our comfort zone
industrial zone 工业区
economic development zone 经济开发区
a pedestrian zone (= where vehicles may not go) 步行区
21.operate / p re t/ vt. 操作，使运行 vi. 运转，工作
ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world’s only flying teaching eye hospital.
In March 2020, surgeons operated on Max for a brain aneurysm（动脉瘤）.
operate on sb. for sth. 因……给某人做手术
operate as 起……作用，作……用
do/perform an operation on 给……做手术
come into operation 开始工作，开始生效
put…into operation 实施，启用，使……运转
operation n. 运作，实施；运转，操作；手术；（有组织的）活动，行动
operator n. （设备、机器的）操作员；经营者；精明圆滑的人，善于取巧的人
operating adj. （机器、车辆、装置等）操作的，；（企业等）经营的，管理的
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①What skills are needed (operate)this machine is unknown to him.
② (operate) more efficiently, the department is introducing changes.
③ She wanted to work in a hospital there to learn how to operate patients.
④The police have launched a major (operate)against drug suppliers.
22.hire / ha (r)/ vt.&vi. 聘用，雇用；租用 n. 新雇员；租借
Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing the organizers.
hire a car/room/video 租汽车╱房间╱录像带
hire a lawyer 聘请律师
hire sth out 出租某物
hire yourself out (to sb) 为（某人）工作；受聘于；受雇于
for hire/rent 供出租 on hire/rent 出租的；雇用
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①Fortunately, I (hire) by the first company I applied to.
②Why don't you hire your spare room to other people,and earn some money
③He wondered why only college graduates could hire themselves out this grand supermarket.
23.leadership / li d p/ n. 领导应有的品质；领导地位
leadership qualities/skills 领导的素质╱技巧
leadership team 领导团队
under one’s leadership/under the leadership of 在…的领导下
lead to sth./some place导致某事/通向某地
lead to sb./sb.’s doing sth.导致某人做某事
lead sb. to sth.使得出(观点);引导某人……
lead sb. to do sth.带领某人做某事;导致某人做某事
24.weigh up 权衡，斟酌
You may have a brilliant idea, but before you decide to put it into action, it is wise to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of this option.
I think that whatever problems Brazil's facing now—the same will be true for
any country—you have to weigh up the pros and cons.
weigh on sb/sth加重…的思想负担；使焦虑不安；使担忧
weigh up 权衡；估量；称
weigh in 加入比赛；比赛前量体重；参加辩论
weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡
weigh out v. 称出
weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句
25.receipt /r si t/ n. 收到的款项，收入；收据
I wrote her a receipt for the money.
He was tallying the day's receipts.
on receipt of 在收到…后
in receipt of 已收到…
make out (= write) a receipt 写收据
mercial /k m l/ adj. 商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的
The company has indeed become more commercial over the past decade.
the commercial heart of the city 城市的商业中心
commercially adv. 商业上；通商上
commerce n. 贸易，商业
commercialize v. 使商业化；使商品化
commercialization n. 商品化，商业化
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① The drug is still being tested and will not go into (commerce) production for at least two years.
② It was the first (commercial) available machine to employ artificial intelligence.
27.weekly / wi kli/ adj. 每周的 adv. 按周地 n. 周报，周刊
weekly magazine 周刊
weekly report 周报，每周报告
entertainment weekly 娱乐周刊；娱乐周报；每周娱乐
单句语法填空
① Two of the four national daily papers are to become (weekly).
② It's strange that he should have no idea that we have four English classes (week).
28.monthly / m nθli/ adj. 每月的 adv. 按月地 n. 月刊
a monthly meeting/visit/magazine 每月一次的会议╱拜访；月刊
the fashion monthlies 时装月刊
a monthly/an annual/a family budget 每月╱年度╱家庭预算
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① According to the agreement, you should pay 1,000 dollars (month)for your room.
② I wanted to ask you the question whether I could pay the rents a monthly basis.
29.budget / b d. t/ 预算
He created a budget for his household expenses.
We decorated the house on a tight budget.
They went over budget.
The work was finished on time and within budget.
30.put sth on the line 冒险； 冒风险
He put his career on the line to speak out against injustice.
Don’t put your professional reputation on the line.
They fought bravely and put their lives on the line so that others could live a better life.
on the line 冒风险 in （a） line with跟...成一排
out of line with 与...不成直线/不一致
31.loan /lo n/ 贷款； 借款
He took out a loan to buy a house.
take out a loan 借款 repay a loan 偿还贷款 bank loan 银行贷款 student loan 学生贷款
give sb. the loan of sth. 借给某人某物
on loan（画或书等）暂借（的）
loan sb. sth.=loan sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
32.client / kla . nt/ 顾客； 客户
He has a large client base.
33.detective /d tek.t v/ 侦探； 探员
He is a detective in the police force.
detective story侦探小说detective work侦查工作detective agency侦探社
34.subjective /s b d k.t v/ 主观的； 个人的
This is a subjective matter of opinion.
objective adj. 客观的
35.directory /da rek.t .ri/ 目录； 指南
He looked up the number in the phone directory.
business directory（商业名录）；phone directory（电话簿）；web directory（网站目录）
36.plug /pl g/ 插头； 塞子
He plugged in the lamp.
If a plug us wired incorrectly, it can be dangerous.
plug sth with sth 用...塞住...
a bath plug 浴缸塞
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① My nose was bleeding and I (plug) it with cotton wool.
② There are not a lot of joggers, and fewer people with music (plug) into their ears.
③ He plugged the leak a plastic bag and soon the basin was full of water.
37.groundwork / ɡra nd.w k/ 基础工作； 准备工作
He has done a lot of groundwork for the project.
38.premier adj. 首位的，最著名的，最成功的 n. 总理，首相
His work on the cause of the diseases is of premier importance to the whole world.
He is the premier of the country.
a premier university 最好的大学； vice premier 副总理
39.proportion n. 比例，份额，面积，容积，部分 vt. 使成比例，使均衡
A large proportion of my time is spent in studying.
This door is narrow in proportion to its height.
We must proportion the punishment to the crime .
in proportion to…与……成正比，与……相协调；
a proportion of… …的一部分；
out of (all) proportion (to sth)　不相称；不协调
keep sth in proportion　恰当地处事；看待事物恰如其分
40.institute / n st .tu t/ n.机构 vt.建立； 设立
He instituted a new policy at work.
He visited the Institute of Neurology in Havana where his parents worked.
a research institute 研究所
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① These regulations have reducedcigarette smoking very much since they (institute).
②After graduating from a famous college, she worked for two years at institute for researchin English teaching.
41.fabric / f b.r k/ 布料； 织物
She made a dress out of silk fabric.
42.fibre/fiber n. 纤维，纤维织物，纤维制品，纤维素，品质，品德
with every fibre of one’s being 全身心地，深切地
moral fibre 道德品质；
a high-/low-fibre diet 纤维素含量高╱低的饮食
43.qualification n. 资格，达到标准，资历，限制，合格，证书合格，学历
The plan was approved without qualification.
academic/educational/professional/vocational qualifications学术/教育/专业/职业资历
paper qualifications 书面资格证明，文凭
acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications 获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格
▲qualify vi.& vt. 取得资格，合格；使合格，使具备资格；有权，使有权；达标，获得参赛资格；符合，配得上
①qualify as 取得……的资格
②qualify for 有资格/有权获得……
③qualify sb. for sth./to do sth. 使某人有资格/胜任……
▲qualified adj. 有资格的，合格的，胜任的
④be qualified for 对……有资格，符合……的条件
⑤be qualified to do sth. 有资格干某事
⑥be qualified as 有资格当……
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One of the （qualification）you need to work here is a sense of humour!
② After the interview, he was told that he had no qualifications the post.
③ He took all kinds of tests to provehe was (qualify) for this important task.
④ He failed to reach the required standard, and did not qualify the race.
44.swing n. 秋千，摆动，改变 vi. & vt. （swung, swung）使摇摆，使改变，摆动
His emotions swung between fear and curiosity.
It's bad manners to swing your legs while eating.
The kids were playing on the swings
swing into action 立即行动起来，马上大干起来
swing for the fences 全力一搏，迎难而上
swing by 短暂拜访；看望某人一下
on the swing 在秋千上
take a swing at sb/sth 挥动手臂击打某人/某物
swing (from A) (to B)/swing (between A and B) （使）改变（意见、情绪等）
单句语法填空
① A shop sign was creaking as it (swing) in the wind.
② It's typical of him to sit on thestool, (swing) his legs.
③ The fire engine is ready to swing action at any time.
45.label n. 标签，不恰当的称谓 vt. 贴标签于，把……不恰当地称为
He was labeled as a traitor by his former colleagues.
on the label 在标签上
label...as... 把……称为……
label sb./sth.+adj. 把……标为……，称呼……为……
单句语法填空
① It requires foreign frozen-food imports to be clearly (label).
② It is unfair to label a small baby naughty.
③ It does not matter whether these duties (label)"duties"or "tasks"
46.candidate / k n.d .de t/ 候选人； 竞争者
He is a candidate for the presidency.
47.gain the upper hand 处于有利地位，有优势
典题赏析：
1) The home team was beginning to _________________________. 主队正开始占上风。
2) After ______________________ in 1957, it was renamed “Ghana”.
1957年获得独立后，它改名为“加纳”。
3) It was the better-educated women who gained most ________ this expansion of opportunities.
受过良好教育的妇女在这次机遇的增加中受益最多。
48.applicant n. 申请人，申请者
There were over 500 applicants for the job.
an applicant for sth 申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）
apply to (sb/sth) (for sth) （通常以书面形式）申请，请求
apply sth (to sth) 使用；应用；涂；敷；施
apply yourself (to sth/to doing sth) 勤奋工作；努力学习
apply for a job 求职；申请工作
application n. 正式申请，书面申请；申请书，申请表；敷用，涂抹
单句语法填空
① She was picked out from thousands of (applicant) for the job.
②When I saw the job advertisement, I applied the company it.
③If you want to do voluntary work, you can apply (join) the organisation.
④ Students learned the practical (apply) of the theory in the factory.
49.prior adj. 优先的，在前的，更重要的，占先的
prior warning/notice/discussion/engagement/agreement/arrangement
预先警告/通知/讨论/约会/协议/安排
(be) prior to 在……之前
priority n. 优先事项，最重要的事，首要事情 [c]；优先，优先权，重点 [u]
a top/high/low priority 应予最优先考虑的事/非常重要的事/不重要的事
have/take/get priority (over) 享有优先权 (=be given priority)
give priority to 优先考虑
prioritize vt. 按重要性排列，划分优先顺序
单句语法填空
① It had rained solidly for 10 days prior my arrival, so the falls were at their mostspectacular.
② Women are more likely to give (prior) to child care and education policies.
50.profile n. 侧面，轮廓，形象，简介，外形，外观 vt. 概述，写简介
in profile 侧面的
a picture of the president in profile 总统的侧面画像
a high/low profile 惹人、不惹人注目；profile one’s career 概述某人的工作生涯
单句语法填空
① This picture shows the girl profile, which makesher more attractive.
② The women (profile) in the article made their decisions for very different reasons.
51.criterion (pl. criteria) n. 标准，准则
Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.
We have a clear-cut criterion to go by.
52.concisely adv. 简明地，简洁地，简要地
His article is concise and comprehensive.
concise adj. 简明的，简洁的; a concise summary 简明扼要的总结
conciseness n. 简明，简洁；切除
concise style 简洁; 简约风格
concise and comprehensive 简明扼要; 言简意赅
【同义词】briefly adv. 简短地，简要地
53.shave n. , vt. & vi. 剃须，刮胡子，修面
give sb a shave 给某人修面；shave one’s face ; shave off 剃掉，刮掉；
shaver n. 电动剃须刀，剃毛器；理发师
54.refreshed adj. 精力充沛的，恢复活力的，恢复精神的
refresh v. 使恢复精神；使记起，提醒 ；
refresh sb’s memory 使想起
refresh oneself with 用...提神
单句语法填空
① (refresh) after hisholiday, he was ready to swing into action.
② Food and wine set before him, he ate and (refresh) himself.
③ There's nothing (refresh) than a cold beer on a hotday.
④ I think I'll just refresh myself a cup of tea before I go to take the exam.
55.delay n. 推迟，耽搁，耽搁的时间vi. & vt. 推迟，使延期，耽搁，拖延
Our meeting was delayed for ten minutes.
without delay 毫不犹豫
a delay of two hours/a two-hour delay 两小时的延误
delay (doing) sth 延期，推迟
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① A severe accident happened on the highway, which needed to be tackled delay.
② I think we should delay (decide) until next year.
③I (delay) by traffic, wondering how my teacher would punish me.
56.duration n. 持续时间，持续期，期间，持续，持久
for the duration 在此期间，在整个期间，直到结束
a contract of three years' duration 三年期的合同
during prep. 在……期间；在……期间的某个时候
durable adj. 持久的，耐用的; durability n. 持久性，耐用性
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① He was given the task of protecting her the duration of the trial.
② Diseases resulting from stress are related to the （during）of stress.
57.rude adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的，粗野的
be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁
It is of sb rude to do sth. 干某事是粗鲁的/不礼貌的
in rude health 非常健康，十分健壮
rudeness n. 粗鲁，无礼 [u]
rudely adv. 粗鲁地，无礼地；突然地，猛烈地
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①I can't have you speaking to your mother a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.
② I find it astonishing that he should be so rude you.
③ It is rude you tocome in without knocking at the door.
④ Please excuse me for my (rude)at your birthday party. I shouldn't have argued with Lily.
58.justify vt. 对……作出解释，为……辩解；证明……正确
justify doing sth. 为做某事辩护/找理由
justify oneself to sb. 向某人就某事为自己辩护
justified adj. 有正当理由的；合乎情理的
be justified in doing sth. 有理由干某事
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① It is the only thing that I can do-I don't have to justify (I) to anyone.
②Having stayed at home for a week, I can't really justify (take) another day off work.
59.relevant adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的
be relevant to 与……有关
“和……有关”的短语有：be related to; be linked to/with; be connected/associated with;be involved in; have something to do with
relevance n. 关联，切题；意义 [u]
have relevance to 与……有关
relevantly adv. 有关联地，切题地
60.infer vt. 推断，推论，推理
infer...from... 从……中推断出……
It can be inferred that... 可推断出……
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①I (infer) from her expression that she wanted to leave.
②What can we infer the last paragraph
③We infer from his letter he is unhappy, which makes us worried.
61.convey vt. 表达，传递；传送，运送，输送
He conveyed his message to the audience.
convey...to... 把……传达给/运送给……
62.firm adj. 强有力的，坚决的；坚固的；坚定的；牢固的；严格的n. 商行，公司 [c]
63.genuine / d en.ju. n/ 真实的； 真诚的
He is a genuine person who cares about others.
genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地 ； genuineness n. 真实，真正；真诚，真挚
genuine love / diamond/ signature 真诚的爱/ 真钻石/ 亲笔签名；
64.yawn /j n/ 打哈欠
He yawned because he was tired.
65.seize vt. 抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占，没收
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会seize sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize sth. from sb. 夺取某人某物seize hold of 抓住seize control of 控制seize power 夺权
66.corporate / k .p .re t/ 公司的； 法人团体
he corporate headquarters is located in New York City.
corporate culture企业文化；corporate responsibility企业责任
67.put one’s best foot forward /p t w nz best f t f .w d/ 尽力表现； 展现最佳状态
He always puts his best foot forward when meeting new people.
68.rainbow / re n.bo / 彩虹
69.madam / m d. m/ 女士； 夫人
He addressed her as madam.
70.temporary adj. 临时的，暂时的，短暂的
a temporary measure/solution/arrangement 临时措施/解决方法/安排
temporarily adv. 临时地，暂时地，短暂地
71.bowling / bo .l / 保龄球
tournament / t .n .m nt/ 比赛； 锦标赛
答案：
endeavor： to do; do your best endeavours
Passion：with;for
Fond:of
Turning; is anticipated; of
Superior:to;to;to;to;superiority
Prejudice； in; against; prejudiced
Respective;respectively
Operate：to operate;To operate;on;operation
Hire:was hired;out; to
Commercial:commercial;commercially
Weekly:weeklies;weekly
Monthly;on
Plug： plugged；plugged；with
Qualification：qualifications；for； qualified； for
Swing:swung;swinging;into
Label:labelled;as; are labelled
Gain the upper hand:gain the upper hand; gaining independence; from/by
Applicant:applicants； to，for；to join；application
Prior：to；priority
Profile：in；profiled
Refresh：Refreshed；refreshed；more refreshing；with
Delay：without；deciding；was delayed
Duration:for;duration
Rude:in;to;of;rudeness
Justify：myself；taking
Infer:inferred;from;that