2024届高三英语二轮复习定语从句讲解课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
Maggie
HAPPY SCHOOL
The Attributive Clause
定语从句复习
Complex sentence 复合句：
由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作
某个成分（如主语.宾语.表语.定语.状语.同位语）。
复合句 =
主句
+
定语从句
一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句）
另一个或一个以上的主谓结构
只在句子中作某个成分（定语）
The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.
主句主语
从句主语
从句谓语结构
主句谓语结构
在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词
或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句，
因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。
Attributive clause:
定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who(主语.宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语.宾语), whose(定语)
that(主语.宾语),which(主语.宾语)
whose(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
Attributive clause:
限制性定语从句 restrictive
非限制性定语从句non-restrictive
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从
句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
I was the only person who was invited.
in my office
Jenny, with whom I played table tennis
yesterday, lives in my next room.
The man who came here yesterday has
come again.
That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter
teaches English at a middle school.
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.
考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词
1.找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。
用什么关系副词看先行词。
I will never forget the days (______ I stayed with you).
when
___
_
Jurassic Park is about a park ______ (a very rich man keeps different
Kinds of dinosaurs).
___
________
where
1958 was the year ______ (Spielberg made his first real film).
_______
___
Please give me the reason _____ (you made such a great success).
___
_____
when
why
Morning is the best time ______ (you practise reading aloud).
___
______
when
Do you remember the lake _____ (you first met your girlfriend.）
___
________
where
2.如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物
动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。
考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词
Yesterday we went to visit the house ______ (the great writer used
to live).
____
___
where
in which
The house ______ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.
which
that
/
___
___
Luckily none of the people _____ ( I know) were killed in the
earthquake.
who
whom
that
/
_
____
My father was born in the year ______(the Second World War
broke out).
__________________
_______
in which
when
3.如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。
Kunming is a beautiful place ______ ( flowers are seen all the
year round).
where
October 1st is the day ________ ( new China was founded).
when
The window ( ______ was opened this morning) has been broken.
Which
that
The meeting ( ______ will be held next week) is very important.
Which
that
考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词
考点二：that和which的选择
(1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。
①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：
a. All that can be done has been done.
b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender.
② 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时：
I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.
考点二：that和which的选择
③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.
④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。
That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
This is the very book (that) I want to find.
⑤ 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：
He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.
⑥先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。
考点二：that和which的选择
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this
What that is on the table belongs to me
⑦ 当关系代词在从句中作表语时：
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
（1）当先行词为those (那些人), one, anyone, nobody，somebody, someone, everybody等指人的不定代词时，用who。
The one who knows me well is Tom.
（2）主句为there be + sb. 句型，用who.
There is a man who wants to see you.
不用that的情况：
（3）介词后面（指物：prep. + which; 指人：prep+whom)
●I like the house in _______ I live now.
比较： I like the house______________I live in now.
● Is the boy to ______ you were talking a moment ago called Jack
比较：Is the boy _____________ you were talking to a moment ago called Jack
which
whom
(whom\who\that)
(which\that)
注意：不是所有的动词词组都能拆
He is the man that/ who/ whom/ \ we are looking for.
He is the man for whom we are looking.
一般look的词组都不能拆！！
要观察句子的动词是否能与先行词直接连用，会不会漏掉介词！
I like the chair that he sits.
√
X
X
on
(4) 非限制性定语从句中，引导词不能用that;
(5) 当先行词是前面整个句子的时候，只能用which;
I have passed the mid-term exam, which makes my mother very excited.
My sister has won the first prize, _____ is for great singers.
My sister has won the first prize, _____ is good news.
which
which
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句
※对这两个词作如下归纳：
1.如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.
He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural.
She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is.
Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before.
2.如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导 定语从句。如：
As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.
As we all know, the earth is round.
3.用于the same…as…,such…as…，as…as…, so…as…中，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.
4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。
He won the match, as we had expected.
He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.
The police were looking for him, as he thought.
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句
Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
5. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.
a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.
b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句
as
1. 限制性定语从句：固定搭配
such… as
the same… as
Tom is such a lovely boy ______ we all like him.
Tom is such a lovely boy ______ we all like.
Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem ______ we could not work out.
Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem ______ we could not work it out.
I want to wear the same coat ______ I wore yesterday.
I want to wear the same coat ______ you are wearing.
2. 非限制性定语从句：as vs. which
位置，意义，主从句语义关系
3.习惯用法
as has been said before，________________.
as is mentioned above, __________________.
as we (all) know / as is (well) known to us, ___________.
as is hoped, __________.
that
as
as
that
that
as
3. as vs. which
I know the woman _______ daughter is my deskmate.
He likes to live in the room ______ window faces south.
whose: 定语（“……的”），指人或物
whose与of which / of whom的互换
The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting.
= The novel of which the title is Red and Black is very interesting.
=The novel the title of which is Red and Black is very interesting.
This is the scientist whose achievements are well-known.
考点四 whose
prep. + which / whom
1. 如何选介词
看和先行词的搭配
看从句谓语动词的搭配
看上下文
There are occasions on which one must yield (屈服).
Frederick William, to whom the Amber Room belonged, gave it to Peter the Great as a gift.
Tom broke his glasses, without which he could see nothing at all.
考点五：关系代词前介词的确定
考点五：关系代词前介词的确定
如何选定介词:
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure.
3.根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配
当先行词表示“领域.方面”(aspect, respect, area, field )时，用 in which；
当先行词表示“价格.利率.速度.海拔.代价”等( rate, price, speed，altitude, cost)时，用 at which;
当先行词表示“程度” (degree, extent)时，用 to which;
当先行词表示“根据.依据.基础”( base, basis, foundation)时，用 on which。
Yesterday we had a meeting ________ we discussed many problems.
at which
4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.
5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
考点五：关系代词前介词的确定
关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,
where=in/on/at…+which,
why=for+which
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。
eg. 1. I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
2. This is the room where (in which) I lived.
= This is the room which I lived in.
3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he haven’t come today.
4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.
考点五：关系代词前介词的确定
思考？
是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替
The painting (__________ I looked) was painted by me.
at which
The book (______________ I heard) was written twenty years ago.
about which
The pen (____________ she wrote that book) can now be seen in
a museum.
with which
Kunming is a beautiful place _____________ ( flowers are seen all
the year round).
where/in which
I will never forgot the day _____________ I first met you on the ship.
on which/when
during which
The film (_____________I fell asleep) was very boring.
结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语.时间状语或原因状语
时，才能用关系副词代替。
Fill in each blank with a proper
prep.+whom/which.
1. This is the gun _____ _____ the hunter shot the antelope.
2. The athletes _____ _____ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic.
3. He’ll never forget the day _____ _____ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time.
4. A great number of cultural relics have been found in a village _____ _____ there are lots of old temples.
5. The guitar _____ _____ Dave composed our first hit is in a music museum.
6. The musicians _____ _____ we have great interest toured Europe with us.
with which
against whom
on which
in
which
with which
in whom
7.Smion helped Peter repair his guitar, for which he was very grateful.
8.I like songs in which the feelings of love is expressed.
9.I enjoyed my holiday during which I went to a concert of pop music.
10.I like my music teacher for whom I have great respect.
11.I have many friends of / among whom some are musicians.
12.Peter went to a concert at which his favourite band played and sang.
___ ___
___ ___
____ ____
___ ___
______ _____
___ ___
有一些先行词，如point, stage, position, case, situation, condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，若从句成分完整，需要接where引导的定语从句。
There is one point where I’d like your advice.
有一点，我想听听你的建议。
You reach a point in your project where you just want to get the thing finished.
从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界：一心想完成它。
I’ve reached the stage where I just don’t care any more.
我已经到了一种什么都不在乎的地步.
There are cases where this rule does not hold good.
在一些情况下，这个规则是不适用的。
6.特殊的先行词
way 表“方法”之后的定语从句
This is the way (that/ in which/ 省略) I do such things.
关系词在从句中作状语。
Please do the experiment in the way (that/ which / 省略) I have shown you.
关系词在从句中作宾语。
①先行词在从句中充当宾语（包括介宾）
Is this the necklace (which / that) you are looking for
Is this the factory (which) you visited last year.
This is the only point (that) he insisted on.
②在限制性定语从句中，关系副词在口语中有时省略。
That was the year (when) I first went abroad.
We need a place (where) we can stay for a few days.
7.省略
8.定语从句 VS. 易混句型
1) 定从与并列句
1. Mr. Smith has three sons, none of ______ is a computer expert.
2.Mr. Smith has three sons, but none of ______ is a computer expert.
3.I have many friends, and all of ______ are nice and friendly.
4.Miss Yang has some relatives here; ______ like her very much.
whom
them
them
they
1.He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
2.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of _____ was reasonable.
3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase; the price of ______ was reasonable.
4.John’s parent’s kept telling him that he should work hard, but ___ didn’t help.
5.She thought I was talking about her daughter, _________ in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
which
which
it
it
but / while
2) 定从与名从
As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.
It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.
That the moon travels around the earth is known to all.
What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.
众所周知，月亮绕着地球转。
3) 定从与状语从句（时间/地点）
When you read the book, you’d better make a mark in the place where you have any questions.
When you read the book, you’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
I will always remember the days when I lived with my parents in the country.
I will always remember the days in the country when I see the photo of my grandparents.
1.It is on the morning of May 1st that I met John at the airport.
2.It is the factory where John works.
3) 定从与强调句
1.It is the first time that she has been in Shanghai.
2.It was the time when Chinese people had a hard life.
3. It will be a long time before I graduate from this school.
4. It is 4 years since I come across him on the street.
4) 定从与习惯句型
9.定语从句 VS. 非谓语
The boys who are playing tennis are my friends.
=The boys playing tennis are my friends.
She bought a computer which was produced in China.
=She bought a computer produced in China.
A student of English used to dealing with limited exercises finds it hard to get a gook mark in an exam.
Prince is certainly not the only contemporary artist to have worked with so-called “found photographs” – a lose term given to everything from discarded (丢弃的) prints discovered in a junk shop to old advertisements or amateur photographs from a stranger’s family album. (2007 湖南阅读C篇)
Correct the sentences:
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
the one
^
__
^
to
____
which
5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.
____
that
5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
6. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.
7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
8. It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently.
9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou
10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.
____
as
_____
Whose
that
____
that
____
____
that
_____
As
Practice makes perfect
1. All______ is useful to us is good.
A.which B.what C.that D.whether
C
2.Is this factory ____ we visited last week.
A.where B.that C.which D.the one
D
3.She will never forget the day_____ she spent in Beijing.
A.when B.what C.which D.why
C
4.This is the school _______ my father worked 20 years ago.
A.that B.when C.which D.where
D
5. This is the very factory_______we visited last year.
A.that B.which C.what D.the one
A
6. The text is one of the most interesting stories _______
learnt in the past three days.
A.that have B.that have been
C.which has D.which has been
B
7.The college won’t take anyone _____ eyesight is weak.
A.who B.whose C.of whom D.which
B
8.Let me think of a proper situation _______ this sentence can be used.
A.where B.that C.of whom D.which
A
9.The man _______ you are talking is in the next room.
A.to whom
B.about whom
C.about who
D.whom
B
10.This is the last factory ___ he used to work at, many workers of _____ still have a good relationship with him.
A.that; it
B.which; whom
C.that; which
D.which; that
C
11.Those _____ to take part in the game write down your names.
A.who B.who want C.what wants D.want
B
12. I, _____ you good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A.who is B.what is C.what am D.who am
D
13.His walking stick, ____ he can’t walk, was lost yesterday.
A.that B.with which C.which D.without which
D
14.They have decided to finish their work, ______, I think is a wise choice.
A.that B.what C.which D.whether
C
15.I don’t like the way _____ he spoke to me.
A.by that B.what C.by which D./
D
16.This is the only thing _____ I can do now.
A.what B.which C.that D.all
C
17.There are three libraries in our school, _______ were built five years ago.
A.all of them B.either of them
C.all of which D.both of that
C
18.He told me the reason _____ he didn’t come here.
A.which B.that C.why D.what
C
19.This is the reason ______ he told me.
A.that B.why C.on which D.for that
A
20.Which of the two cows ______ you
keep produces more milk
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.as
B