2024届高考英语二轮复习指向主旨概括的阅读理解解题法讲义-
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习指向主旨概括的阅读理解解题法讲义- |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-09 22:36:43 | ||
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指向主旨概括的阅读理解解题法练习
阅读理解篇章从体裁上可以分为应用文、说明文和记叙文三大类，而这三大类虽然文体不同，但都蕴含着各自的主题，也就是中心话题。
中心话题在说明文和应用文的位置往往是在语篇前面，而记叙文的中心话题则往往在语篇最后，为了方便记忆，我们也可以说说明文和应用文往往采取开门见山的形式引出主题，而记叙文则往往使用盖棺定论的形式来引出主题。
引出说明文、应用文主题的手法往往有直白法、事例法、提问法、反衬法和综合法这四种手法，而记叙文的主题手法却相对单一，那就是升华法，画龙点睛升华主题。
确定每篇文章的主题相当重要，因为一旦确定了语篇主题，那么把控语篇结构的难度就会大大降低，更不用说把握细节内容和衔接部分，所以，确定说明文、应用文和记叙文的主题，就如同点亮每一篇语篇的灯，照亮全篇文章的所有角落。
下面结合浙江省绍兴会稽联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题四篇语篇材料，通过确定每一篇语篇的主题来解答相应的主题概括题，从而帮助我们了解主题概括题的设题特点以及解题具体思路。
A
The royal homes of kings and emperors reflect their architecture style and wealth. Today most of greatest palaces become worldwide popular tourist attractions. Visiting such great palaces helps to explore history of kingdom and the lifestyle of a time. Here is the list of 4 most amazing palaces in the world.
◎ Palace of Versailles, France
Palace of Versailles was built in 1624 by King Louis VIII as a hunting lodge and was later expanded into the largest palace by its successors, serving as permanent residence until 1789. It features 700 rooms, more than 1200 fireplaces and 60 staircases.
◎ Potala Palace, China
As one of the most splendid monuments, the construction of this palace originally started in 7th century and transformed into today’s form in 1936. It features most treasured Tibetan architectural marvels. The palace remained as the tallest building in the world from 1653 to 1889, and you can see entire Lhasa from the roof of the palace.
◎ Alhambra Palace, Spain
Situated in the city of Andalusia in Spain, this palace was first constructed in 9th century, damaged and ignored for more than 2 centuries. It was renovated by Muhammad ben Al-Ahmar in 13th century and was transformed into current palace by Sultan of Granada in 1333. This originally whitewashed palace, standing tall at hilltop for centuries of baking in sunlight, takes on a reddish look, with a view over the city.
◎ Pena Palace, Portugal
Initially built as a monastery, Pena Palace was protected for centuries by one king after another. But it suffered severe damages by 1755’s Lisbon earthquake. King Ferdinand II transformed those ruins into a beautiful palace, which is recognized for its Romanticism style.
语篇体裁：应用文
语篇主题： 4 most amazing palaces
引出手法：事例法
配套试题：
1. Who is this text intended for
A. Explorers hunting for royal treasures.
B. Tourists keen on historic architecture.
C. Archaeologists seeking for cultural relics.
D. Historians curious about European lifestyle.
命题特点：此题采取侧面考查的方法，因为主题是“神奇宫殿”，那么哪些人会对它们感兴趣呢？我们可以根据语篇后面的信息推出正确答案。
解题思路：我们可以采用推理判断，看出此题正确答案为B，因为语篇只是一般性的应用文,并非专业性非常强的专业报告,所以可以排除C和D，而A项更加不符合题目语境。
B
The classroom, the bathroom, the outdoors—my smart phone is always in hand as if it were some magic self-defense tool capable of protecting me from all evil in the world. I also love my laptop, because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.
On occasion, I teach History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas in the classroom, I have a rule — no laptop, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance, some of them were not happy.
Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it, so I can relate to my students. The real reason is that I think there are very few places where we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration. I want them to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.
I’ve been teaching my history class this way for many years. The evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep course materials beyond the classroom.
I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.
语篇体裁： 记叙文
语篇主题：sweet
引出手法：升华法
配套试题：
7. What message does the writer really want to convey
A. He will stick to this practice until he changes for a new job.
B. Technology is an effective way to relate teachers to students.
C. Unpleasant experiences can be the beginning of some new rules.
D. A few hours of technology-free dialogue will harvest a lot.
命题特点：此题采取正面考查的方法，因为主题是“没有电子设备打扰的交谈非常甜蜜”，换句话说，免除电子设备打扰的交谈会让我们收获很多，这样我们可以很容易推出正确答案。
解题思路：我们可以通过采用词义转换，看出此题正确答案为D，因为harvest和sweet都是同义词，都带有褒义红色意义，而且选项D在范围上也符合语境。
C
Many kids help out around the house with chores such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances or other rewards such as extra computer time.
But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return. “Running any kind of household is a team effort”, Susie said. “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look.”
Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed (兑取) either online or in the real world. With the Chore Monster app, kids earn digital points by completing chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. “Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards,” says Chris Bergman, founder of Chore Monster. “Kids need positive reinforcement to help motivate them.”
What do you think Should kids be rewarded for doing chores Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return
Write a 200-word response. Send it to tfkasks4you@. Your response may be published in a future issue of Time For Kids. Please include your grade and contact information of your parent or teacher if you want your response to be published. The deadline for responding is February 18.
语篇体裁： 说明文
语篇主题： do not think（opposition）
引出手法： 反衬法
配套试题：
9. According to Susie Walton, ___________________.
A. kids should be rewarded for doing chores
B. parents decide what kids can do for the family
C. kids have the responsibility to share housework
D. kids can get extra computer time for doing chores
11. The purpose of writing the text is to ____________________.
A. invite readers to express their opinions
B. inform readers of two different opinions
C. call on readers to reflect on their behavior
D. present the author’s viewpoint about parenting
命题特点：第9题是正面考查Susie Walton的观点，选择正确答案的根据是文章第二段第一句的主题句，也就是黑色贬义的反对内容，第11题是侧面考查，主要要求考生能够根据主题内容推理判断作者的写作意图。
解题思路：第9题我们只需要进行词义转化就可以解答，根据Susie Walton反对因为孩子做家务而给他们奖励的观点，换一种说法也就是她认为做家务应该是孩子们应尽的责任，所以正确答案为C。第10题相对更难一点，在解答的时候我们必须立足全局，根据作者在对一种常见的育儿方式提出自己的质疑这一中心看出，选项D是唯一正确的答案。
D
Most of us have heard of the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. It is the core principle of a sustainable (可持续的) life, but few of us can apply it in our own lives. Now, there’s a “lab” you can explore and discover a way toward living sustainably.
3R Lab is located in Xuhui district, Shanghai. It offers exhibitions, activities and goods that showcase the 3R principle. The key to a sustainable life, according to Vincent T. M. Fong, the 32-year-old from Hong Kong who created the lab, is to make it a long-term promise. “A sustainable life should be sustainable itself in the first place. You can’t lead a sustainable life on a whim. Small and comfortable changes are exactly what you need,”Fong said.
The lab regularly hosts ugly fruit markets, offering these strange fruits which are often thrown away by traditional markets and consumers at a quite attractive price. “They’re thrown away simply because of their appearance. Buying fruit regardless of how they look reduces food waste significantly in our daily life,”Fong commented.
A water tank with two types of straws is another equipment in the lab.“One type is made from normal plastics widely used in our daily life while the other is from PHA, a new replacement for plastics, and the water is sourced from the Suzhou River,” explained Ni Li, an employee of the lab. Visitors can see how the PHA straws degrade (降解) into a thin layer in just one month, while the others remain unchanged.
“Leading a sustainable life does not necessarily mean sacrifice,”said Fong. Consuming ugly fruit and using degradable plastics are small changes that are good for the environment and easy to stick to. Only in this way can the 3R principle become part of our lives, he added.
After working there for six months, Ni, who wasn’t mindful of the 3R principle before arriving at the lab, now uses her cup every time she buys a coffee. “The job has reshaped my life,”Ni said.
语篇体裁： 说明文
语篇主题： lab
引出手法： 反衬法
配套试题：
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph about Ni
A．She avoids going to traditional markets.
B．She has devoted less time to her hobbies.
C．She has got rid of a few bad habits.
D．She is leading a low carbon life now.
命题特点：此题采取侧面考查的方法，因为根据语篇最后一段红色褒义内容The job has reshaped my life以看出Ni很受这个实验室的影响，因为受到它的影响而改变了自己的生活方式，所以我们可以根据这项信息推出正确答案。
解题思路：我们可以采用推理判断，看出此题正确答案为D，因为无论从色彩、范围和内容角度上来看，只有D项与最后一段内容The job has reshaped my life相匹配。
顺利解答好主旨概括题后，细节理解题、词义猜测题和推理判断题都会迎刃而解，所以，在解答各种体裁的阅读理解语篇时，确定主题和解答好主旨概括题是盘活全盘棋子的关键举措。
指向主旨概括的阅读理解解题法练习 学案
A
The royal homes of kings and emperors reflect their architecture style and wealth. Today most of greatest palaces become worldwide popular tourist attractions. Visiting such great palaces helps to explore history of kingdom and the lifestyle of a time. Here is the list of 4 most amazing palaces in the world.
◎ Palace of Versailles, France
Palace of Versailles was built in 1624 by King Louis VIII as a hunting lodge and was later expanded into the largest palace by its successors, serving as permanent residence until 1789. It features 700 rooms, more than 1200 fireplaces and 60 staircases.
◎ Potala Palace, China
As one of the most splendid monuments, the construction of this palace originally started in 7th century and transformed into today’s form in 1936. It features most treasured Tibetan architectural marvels. The palace remained as the tallest building in the world from 1653 to 1889, and you can see entire Lhasa from the roof of the palace.
◎ Alhambra Palace, Spain
Situated in the city of Andalusia in Spain, this palace was first constructed in 9th century, damaged and ignored for more than 2 centuries. It was renovated by Muhammad ben Al-Ahmar in 13th century and was transformed into current palace by Sultan of Granada in 1333. This originally whitewashed palace, standing tall at hilltop for centuries of baking in sunlight, takes on a reddish look, with a view over the city.
◎ Pena Palace, Portugal
Initially built as a monastery, Pena Palace was protected for centuries by one king after another. But it suffered severe damages by 1755’s Lisbon earthquake. King Ferdinand II transformed those ruins into a beautiful palace, which is recognized for its Romanticism style.
1. Who is this text intended for
A. Explorers hunting for royal treasures.
B. Tourists keen on historic architecture.
C. Archaeologists seeking for cultural relics.
D. Historians curious about European lifestyle.
B
The classroom, the bathroom, the outdoors—my smart phone is always in hand as if it were some magic self-defense tool capable of protecting me from all evil in the world. I also love my laptop, because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.
On occasion, I teach History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas in the classroom, I have a rule — no laptop, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance, some of them were not happy.
Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it, so I can relate to my students. The real reason is that I think there are very few places where we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration. I want them to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.
I’ve been teaching my history class this way for many years. The evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep course materials beyond the classroom.
I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.
7. What message does the writer really want to convey
A. He will stick to this practice until he changes for a new job.
B. Technology is an effective way to relate teachers to students.
C. Unpleasant experiences can be the beginning of some new rules.
D. A few hours of technology-free dialogue will harvest a lot.
C
Many kids help out around the house with chores such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances or other rewards such as extra computer time.
But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return. “Running any kind of household is a team effort”, Susie said. “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look.”
Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed (兑取) either online or in the real world. With the Chore Monster app, kids earn digital points by completing chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. “Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards,” says Chris Bergman, founder of Chore Monster. “Kids need positive reinforcement to help motivate them.”
What do you think Should kids be rewarded for doing chores Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return
Write a 200-word response. Send it to tfkasks4you@. Your response may be published in a future issue of Time For Kids. Please include your grade and contact information of your parent or teacher if you want your response to be published. The deadline for responding is February 18.
9. According to Susie Walton, ___________________.
A. kids should be rewarded for doing chores
B. parents decide what kids can do for the family
C. kids have the responsibility to share housework
D. kids can get extra computer time for doing chores
11. The purpose of writing the text is to ____________________.
A. invite readers to express their opinions
B. inform readers of two different opinions
C. call on readers to reflect on their behavior
D. present the author’s viewpoint about parenting
D
Most of us have heard of the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. It is the core principle of a sustainable (可持续的) life, but few of us can apply it in our own lives. Now, there’s a “lab” you can explore and discover a way toward living sustainably.
3R Lab is located in Xuhui district, Shanghai. It offers exhibitions, activities and goods that showcase the 3R principle. The key to a sustainable life, according to Vincent T. M. Fong, the 32-year-old from Hong Kong who created the lab, is to make it a long-term promise. “A sustainable life should be sustainable itself in the first place. You can’t lead a sustainable life on a whim. Small and comfortable changes are exactly what you need,”Fong said.
The lab regularly hosts ugly fruit markets, offering these strange fruits which are often thrown away by traditional markets and consumers at a quite attractive price. “They’re thrown away simply because of their appearance. Buying fruit regardless of how they look reduces food waste significantly in our daily life,”Fong commented.
A water tank with two types of straws is another equipment in the lab.“One type is made from normal plastics widely used in our daily life while the other is from PHA, a new replacement for plastics, and the water is sourced from the Suzhou River,” explained Ni Li, an employee of the lab. Visitors can see how the PHA straws degrade (降解) into a thin layer in just one month, while the others remain unchanged.
“Leading a sustainable life does not necessarily mean sacrifice,”said Fong. Consuming ugly fruit and using degradable plastics are small changes that are good for the environment and easy to stick to. Only in this way can the 3R principle become part of our lives, he added.
After working there for six months, Ni, who wasn’t mindful of the 3R principle before arriving at the lab, now uses her cup every time she buys a coffee. “The job has reshaped my life,”Ni said.
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph about Ni
A．She avoids going to traditional markets.
B．She has devoted less time to her hobbies.
C．She has got rid of a few bad habits.
D．She is leading a low carbon life now.
阅读理解篇章从体裁上可以分为应用文、说明文和记叙文三大类，而这三大类虽然文体不同，但都蕴含着各自的主题，也就是中心话题。
中心话题在说明文和应用文的位置往往是在语篇前面，而记叙文的中心话题则往往在语篇最后，为了方便记忆，我们也可以说说明文和应用文往往采取开门见山的形式引出主题，而记叙文则往往使用盖棺定论的形式来引出主题。
引出说明文、应用文主题的手法往往有直白法、事例法、提问法、反衬法和综合法这四种手法，而记叙文的主题手法却相对单一，那就是升华法，画龙点睛升华主题。
确定每篇文章的主题相当重要，因为一旦确定了语篇主题，那么把控语篇结构的难度就会大大降低，更不用说把握细节内容和衔接部分，所以，确定说明文、应用文和记叙文的主题，就如同点亮每一篇语篇的灯，照亮全篇文章的所有角落。
下面结合浙江省绍兴会稽联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题四篇语篇材料，通过确定每一篇语篇的主题来解答相应的主题概括题，从而帮助我们了解主题概括题的设题特点以及解题具体思路。
A
The royal homes of kings and emperors reflect their architecture style and wealth. Today most of greatest palaces become worldwide popular tourist attractions. Visiting such great palaces helps to explore history of kingdom and the lifestyle of a time. Here is the list of 4 most amazing palaces in the world.
◎ Palace of Versailles, France
Palace of Versailles was built in 1624 by King Louis VIII as a hunting lodge and was later expanded into the largest palace by its successors, serving as permanent residence until 1789. It features 700 rooms, more than 1200 fireplaces and 60 staircases.
◎ Potala Palace, China
As one of the most splendid monuments, the construction of this palace originally started in 7th century and transformed into today’s form in 1936. It features most treasured Tibetan architectural marvels. The palace remained as the tallest building in the world from 1653 to 1889, and you can see entire Lhasa from the roof of the palace.
◎ Alhambra Palace, Spain
Situated in the city of Andalusia in Spain, this palace was first constructed in 9th century, damaged and ignored for more than 2 centuries. It was renovated by Muhammad ben Al-Ahmar in 13th century and was transformed into current palace by Sultan of Granada in 1333. This originally whitewashed palace, standing tall at hilltop for centuries of baking in sunlight, takes on a reddish look, with a view over the city.
◎ Pena Palace, Portugal
Initially built as a monastery, Pena Palace was protected for centuries by one king after another. But it suffered severe damages by 1755’s Lisbon earthquake. King Ferdinand II transformed those ruins into a beautiful palace, which is recognized for its Romanticism style.
语篇体裁：应用文
语篇主题： 4 most amazing palaces
引出手法：事例法
配套试题：
1. Who is this text intended for
A. Explorers hunting for royal treasures.
B. Tourists keen on historic architecture.
C. Archaeologists seeking for cultural relics.
D. Historians curious about European lifestyle.
命题特点：此题采取侧面考查的方法，因为主题是“神奇宫殿”，那么哪些人会对它们感兴趣呢？我们可以根据语篇后面的信息推出正确答案。
解题思路：我们可以采用推理判断，看出此题正确答案为B，因为语篇只是一般性的应用文,并非专业性非常强的专业报告,所以可以排除C和D，而A项更加不符合题目语境。
B
The classroom, the bathroom, the outdoors—my smart phone is always in hand as if it were some magic self-defense tool capable of protecting me from all evil in the world. I also love my laptop, because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.
On occasion, I teach History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas in the classroom, I have a rule — no laptop, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance, some of them were not happy.
Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it, so I can relate to my students. The real reason is that I think there are very few places where we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration. I want them to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.
I’ve been teaching my history class this way for many years. The evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep course materials beyond the classroom.
I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.
语篇体裁： 记叙文
语篇主题：sweet
引出手法：升华法
配套试题：
7. What message does the writer really want to convey
A. He will stick to this practice until he changes for a new job.
B. Technology is an effective way to relate teachers to students.
C. Unpleasant experiences can be the beginning of some new rules.
D. A few hours of technology-free dialogue will harvest a lot.
命题特点：此题采取正面考查的方法，因为主题是“没有电子设备打扰的交谈非常甜蜜”，换句话说，免除电子设备打扰的交谈会让我们收获很多，这样我们可以很容易推出正确答案。
解题思路：我们可以通过采用词义转换，看出此题正确答案为D，因为harvest和sweet都是同义词，都带有褒义红色意义，而且选项D在范围上也符合语境。
C
Many kids help out around the house with chores such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances or other rewards such as extra computer time.
But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return. “Running any kind of household is a team effort”, Susie said. “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look.”
Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed (兑取) either online or in the real world. With the Chore Monster app, kids earn digital points by completing chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. “Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards,” says Chris Bergman, founder of Chore Monster. “Kids need positive reinforcement to help motivate them.”
What do you think Should kids be rewarded for doing chores Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return
Write a 200-word response. Send it to tfkasks4you@. Your response may be published in a future issue of Time For Kids. Please include your grade and contact information of your parent or teacher if you want your response to be published. The deadline for responding is February 18.
语篇体裁： 说明文
语篇主题： do not think（opposition）
引出手法： 反衬法
配套试题：
9. According to Susie Walton, ___________________.
A. kids should be rewarded for doing chores
B. parents decide what kids can do for the family
C. kids have the responsibility to share housework
D. kids can get extra computer time for doing chores
11. The purpose of writing the text is to ____________________.
A. invite readers to express their opinions
B. inform readers of two different opinions
C. call on readers to reflect on their behavior
D. present the author’s viewpoint about parenting
命题特点：第9题是正面考查Susie Walton的观点，选择正确答案的根据是文章第二段第一句的主题句，也就是黑色贬义的反对内容，第11题是侧面考查，主要要求考生能够根据主题内容推理判断作者的写作意图。
解题思路：第9题我们只需要进行词义转化就可以解答，根据Susie Walton反对因为孩子做家务而给他们奖励的观点，换一种说法也就是她认为做家务应该是孩子们应尽的责任，所以正确答案为C。第10题相对更难一点，在解答的时候我们必须立足全局，根据作者在对一种常见的育儿方式提出自己的质疑这一中心看出，选项D是唯一正确的答案。
D
Most of us have heard of the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. It is the core principle of a sustainable (可持续的) life, but few of us can apply it in our own lives. Now, there’s a “lab” you can explore and discover a way toward living sustainably.
3R Lab is located in Xuhui district, Shanghai. It offers exhibitions, activities and goods that showcase the 3R principle. The key to a sustainable life, according to Vincent T. M. Fong, the 32-year-old from Hong Kong who created the lab, is to make it a long-term promise. “A sustainable life should be sustainable itself in the first place. You can’t lead a sustainable life on a whim. Small and comfortable changes are exactly what you need,”Fong said.
The lab regularly hosts ugly fruit markets, offering these strange fruits which are often thrown away by traditional markets and consumers at a quite attractive price. “They’re thrown away simply because of their appearance. Buying fruit regardless of how they look reduces food waste significantly in our daily life,”Fong commented.
A water tank with two types of straws is another equipment in the lab.“One type is made from normal plastics widely used in our daily life while the other is from PHA, a new replacement for plastics, and the water is sourced from the Suzhou River,” explained Ni Li, an employee of the lab. Visitors can see how the PHA straws degrade (降解) into a thin layer in just one month, while the others remain unchanged.
“Leading a sustainable life does not necessarily mean sacrifice,”said Fong. Consuming ugly fruit and using degradable plastics are small changes that are good for the environment and easy to stick to. Only in this way can the 3R principle become part of our lives, he added.
After working there for six months, Ni, who wasn’t mindful of the 3R principle before arriving at the lab, now uses her cup every time she buys a coffee. “The job has reshaped my life,”Ni said.
语篇体裁： 说明文
语篇主题： lab
引出手法： 反衬法
配套试题：
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph about Ni
A．She avoids going to traditional markets.
B．She has devoted less time to her hobbies.
C．She has got rid of a few bad habits.
D．She is leading a low carbon life now.
命题特点：此题采取侧面考查的方法，因为根据语篇最后一段红色褒义内容The job has reshaped my life以看出Ni很受这个实验室的影响，因为受到它的影响而改变了自己的生活方式，所以我们可以根据这项信息推出正确答案。
解题思路：我们可以采用推理判断，看出此题正确答案为D，因为无论从色彩、范围和内容角度上来看，只有D项与最后一段内容The job has reshaped my life相匹配。
顺利解答好主旨概括题后，细节理解题、词义猜测题和推理判断题都会迎刃而解，所以，在解答各种体裁的阅读理解语篇时，确定主题和解答好主旨概括题是盘活全盘棋子的关键举措。
指向主旨概括的阅读理解解题法练习 学案
A
The royal homes of kings and emperors reflect their architecture style and wealth. Today most of greatest palaces become worldwide popular tourist attractions. Visiting such great palaces helps to explore history of kingdom and the lifestyle of a time. Here is the list of 4 most amazing palaces in the world.
◎ Palace of Versailles, France
Palace of Versailles was built in 1624 by King Louis VIII as a hunting lodge and was later expanded into the largest palace by its successors, serving as permanent residence until 1789. It features 700 rooms, more than 1200 fireplaces and 60 staircases.
◎ Potala Palace, China
As one of the most splendid monuments, the construction of this palace originally started in 7th century and transformed into today’s form in 1936. It features most treasured Tibetan architectural marvels. The palace remained as the tallest building in the world from 1653 to 1889, and you can see entire Lhasa from the roof of the palace.
◎ Alhambra Palace, Spain
Situated in the city of Andalusia in Spain, this palace was first constructed in 9th century, damaged and ignored for more than 2 centuries. It was renovated by Muhammad ben Al-Ahmar in 13th century and was transformed into current palace by Sultan of Granada in 1333. This originally whitewashed palace, standing tall at hilltop for centuries of baking in sunlight, takes on a reddish look, with a view over the city.
◎ Pena Palace, Portugal
Initially built as a monastery, Pena Palace was protected for centuries by one king after another. But it suffered severe damages by 1755’s Lisbon earthquake. King Ferdinand II transformed those ruins into a beautiful palace, which is recognized for its Romanticism style.
1. Who is this text intended for
A. Explorers hunting for royal treasures.
B. Tourists keen on historic architecture.
C. Archaeologists seeking for cultural relics.
D. Historians curious about European lifestyle.
B
The classroom, the bathroom, the outdoors—my smart phone is always in hand as if it were some magic self-defense tool capable of protecting me from all evil in the world. I also love my laptop, because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.
On occasion, I teach History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas in the classroom, I have a rule — no laptop, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance, some of them were not happy.
Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it, so I can relate to my students. The real reason is that I think there are very few places where we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration. I want them to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.
I’ve been teaching my history class this way for many years. The evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep course materials beyond the classroom.
I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.
7. What message does the writer really want to convey
A. He will stick to this practice until he changes for a new job.
B. Technology is an effective way to relate teachers to students.
C. Unpleasant experiences can be the beginning of some new rules.
D. A few hours of technology-free dialogue will harvest a lot.
C
Many kids help out around the house with chores such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances or other rewards such as extra computer time.
But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return. “Running any kind of household is a team effort”, Susie said. “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look.”
Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed (兑取) either online or in the real world. With the Chore Monster app, kids earn digital points by completing chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. “Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards,” says Chris Bergman, founder of Chore Monster. “Kids need positive reinforcement to help motivate them.”
What do you think Should kids be rewarded for doing chores Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return
Write a 200-word response. Send it to tfkasks4you@. Your response may be published in a future issue of Time For Kids. Please include your grade and contact information of your parent or teacher if you want your response to be published. The deadline for responding is February 18.
9. According to Susie Walton, ___________________.
A. kids should be rewarded for doing chores
B. parents decide what kids can do for the family
C. kids have the responsibility to share housework
D. kids can get extra computer time for doing chores
11. The purpose of writing the text is to ____________________.
A. invite readers to express their opinions
B. inform readers of two different opinions
C. call on readers to reflect on their behavior
D. present the author’s viewpoint about parenting
D
Most of us have heard of the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. It is the core principle of a sustainable (可持续的) life, but few of us can apply it in our own lives. Now, there’s a “lab” you can explore and discover a way toward living sustainably.
3R Lab is located in Xuhui district, Shanghai. It offers exhibitions, activities and goods that showcase the 3R principle. The key to a sustainable life, according to Vincent T. M. Fong, the 32-year-old from Hong Kong who created the lab, is to make it a long-term promise. “A sustainable life should be sustainable itself in the first place. You can’t lead a sustainable life on a whim. Small and comfortable changes are exactly what you need,”Fong said.
The lab regularly hosts ugly fruit markets, offering these strange fruits which are often thrown away by traditional markets and consumers at a quite attractive price. “They’re thrown away simply because of their appearance. Buying fruit regardless of how they look reduces food waste significantly in our daily life,”Fong commented.
A water tank with two types of straws is another equipment in the lab.“One type is made from normal plastics widely used in our daily life while the other is from PHA, a new replacement for plastics, and the water is sourced from the Suzhou River,” explained Ni Li, an employee of the lab. Visitors can see how the PHA straws degrade (降解) into a thin layer in just one month, while the others remain unchanged.
“Leading a sustainable life does not necessarily mean sacrifice,”said Fong. Consuming ugly fruit and using degradable plastics are small changes that are good for the environment and easy to stick to. Only in this way can the 3R principle become part of our lives, he added.
After working there for six months, Ni, who wasn’t mindful of the 3R principle before arriving at the lab, now uses her cup every time she buys a coffee. “The job has reshaped my life,”Ni said.
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph about Ni
A．She avoids going to traditional markets.
B．She has devoted less time to her hobbies.
C．She has got rid of a few bad habits.
D．She is leading a low carbon life now.