2024高考七选五备考技巧策略 人与自然主题语境分析 七选五练习20篇（含解析）

命题规律
七选五试题的文章体裁以说明文为主，兼顾考查记叙文。要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项补全短文，使短文前后逻辑通顺、结构完整。从设题角度看，主要考查位于段落内部的句子和段落主题句，解答此类题时，考生要理解并把握文章整体内容、结构以及上下文衔接关系，可以从句子间的逻辑关系和代词的指代等方面着手解题。
备考策略:这张表格很重要
解题技巧：看不下去的直接看备考策略
第一步 看位置→定类型
句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：
例证关系：前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。
转折关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but, however, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。
因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。
递进关系：若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what's more, what's worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ... but ..., not only ... but also等。
表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。
第二步 由类型→定技法
主旨概括题
01
主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题：
①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；
②段落标题。
解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。
语段过渡题
02
语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。
如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。
如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。
细节线索题
03
细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。
（1）词汇复现法
复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。
（2）词汇同现法
词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
（3）代词线索法
英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。
（4）逻辑关系线索法
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。
新课标解读：
2024年高考英语命题仍然依据高考评价体系“一核四层四翼”的总体要求，题材广泛、体裁多样，内容贴近生活，反映时代精神，围绕普通高中新课程标准中“人与自然”、“人与社会”、“人与自我”三大主题，以落实立德树人的教育根本任务为目标，对以核心素养为中心的中学英语课堂教学发挥了重要的“反拨”作用。本文选取2023年新高考Ⅰ卷英语试题，结合《普通英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》对其进行分析。
七选五主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。语篇类型以说明文为主，议论文和记叙文为辅。词数一般为280-300词左右。题材贴近学生生活，主要考查学生的文意重建和逻辑思维能力。
新《课标》把英语思维品质列入学科核心素养，英语教学中把培养思维能力作为重要的教学目标。逻辑思维是指运用语言符号形成的概念来进行判断、推理，以解决问题的思维过程。在七选五解题过程中正体现了逻辑思维的培养。
“思维认知能力”主要包括:形象思维能力、抽象思维能力、归纳概括能力、演绎推理能力、批判性思维能力、辩证思维能力等。
主题语境分析：
近年来，高考英语阅读理解中的七选五题型常常涉及到新课标中的主题语境，其中“人与自然”是一个常见的主题。
题目可能关注可持续发展、绿色能源、减少污染等议题。
也可能出现关于自然保护区、野生动植物保护等具体实践的文章。
随着环保意识的增强，可能会有关于循环经济、废物分类等现代环保措施的文章。
还可能涉及人们对自然环境的情感依赖、自然疗愈等心理健康方面的议题。
总体趋势：
从上分布可以看出，人与自然的主题在高考英语阅读中的出现频率逐年增加，这与全球环境问题日益严重、人们环保意识逐渐增强有关。
未来几年，这一主题可能会继续受到重视，考察学生对环境问题的关注和思考。
总之，对于“人与自然”这一主题，学生在备考时应多关注时事新闻、积累相关词汇和背景知识，以便更好地理解和应对考试中可能出现的相关话题
（2024·湖南邵阳·二模）Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens(避风港)of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 1
2 Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae(海藻)with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素)that force those coral to leave. This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. 3 Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
4 Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. 5 Hard-coregreens-those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled-may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A．Corals are useful to people.
B．But there are grounds for optimism.
C．And they host a quarter of marine species.
D．It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E．Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G．However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）Vertical (垂直的) farming involves using vertically piled layers and other innovative resources to help your crops grow. 6 You get to grow your plants while using the small space at home. Below are some benefits of vertical farming for small house owners.
Reduce water usage. Watering a vertical garden is easy, simple, and uses less water. If your plants are grown in a traditional way, you’ll need lots of water to keep up with your plants’ growth. 7
Save space. As a small, house owner, space is a big concern. However, vertical farming ensures that you can create a garden in your home and fully enjoy the experience. 8 So, if you aim to save space in your home and still have a garden, vertical farming is perfect.
9 Vertical farming is mainly done indoors and entirely depends on you to provide the best conditions. With commitment, you can continuously ensure consistent food production despite the seasons.
Cut down on chemicals and pesticides. Vertical gardens will not require you to invest in pesticides and chemical fertilizers to keep your plants alive. In addition, insects will not have easy access to your plants since you’ll be gardening in a controlled environment. 10
A．Increase food production.
B．Produce food consistently.
C．Having a garden means you need to work with the space available.
D．It comes in handy without causing any inconvenience to your living arrangements.
E．However, if you invest in vertical farming, your water usage will dramatically drop.
F．So the food grown is organic and safe for consumption making it an excellent choice.
G．It enables you to take full advantage of walls and spaces that would otherwise stay useless.
（2024·山东聊城·一模）Have you ever paused to see clouds when you rush to your destination There’s a group of passionate “treasure finders” dedicated to observing and capturing the beauty in the sky cloud spotters.
Cloud spotters take a more serious approach to make sense of the sky. 11
Ji Yun, 36, is an expert in cloud spotting. He set up a WeChat group to gather together people with similar hobbies in 2013. As the number of group members continued to grow, Ji and several cloud enthusiasts created dozens of online groups for different regions in China, forming the Sky Enthusiasts Association in 2019. 12
Power comes in numbers. Three years after the association was formed, cloud enthusiasts from all over China had collected every kind of cloud in the International Cloud Atlas, a reference by the World Meteorological Organization.
13 Cloud spotting, in fact, is an invitation to be amazed by something so common every day that we’ve become blind to. “You’re not going to be worrying too much about what formation it is and why it looks the way it does.” Gavin Pretor-Pinney, founder of the Cloud Appreciation Society, told Atlas Obscura.
Indeed, Jiang Xinwei in Jilin finds cloud spotting relaxing. Even though she is going through her toughest school year in grade 12, Jiang maintains this hobby as a short break from her heavy schoolwork. “Observing the clouds has become a habit for me,” the 17-year-old said. “ 14 .”
“Clouds change in the blink of an eye. 15 ” said Jiang Na, a 25-year-old cloud spotter in Beijing.
A．Currently, there are thousands of people across different groups.
B．This often leads us to think about the relationship between humans and nature.
C．They take photos of the clouds and match them to cloud type names.
D．My worries and troubles seem to fade away as I look up.
E．But that is not to say all clouds spotters need to go to such great lengths.
F．Cloud spotting can also make some people feel blue.
G．When they roll over the sky, I feel the passage of time has a concrete shape.
（2024·山东临沂·一模）Mark Covington, founder of the Georgia Street Community Collective in Detroit, stands in a corner of his urban farm, breathing the fresh air in the early morning. 16 Early in the day, the green crops giving life to tomatoes, cabbages, eggplants, and more are bathed in gold, as if being watered by the sun. The sounds of dogs, pigs, roosters, and a group of stirring bees drown out the sounds of the city.
In 2007, Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street. 17 “It was dirty,” he said. “There were always vacant lots, but they had always been maintained for children to play on.” He knew that if he just cleaned them up, people would pile on them again. 18
Covington started with a small community garden. 19 One mother sent three children to help him build a larger garden where the kids could grow food, stay busy during the summer and add structure to their lives. Little by little the seeds took root, as the hands on the garden that would evolve into a farm multiplied.
20 On one corner: a movie screen and a public garden with vegetable and flower beds. On another: a farm and a community center in a building. Nearby are garlic beds and a greenhouse. “It’s somewhat spiritual for me,” Covington says. “It’s like a sanctuary (圣殿). People come here and don’t want to leave.”
A．But if he planted stuff, they might not.
B．It’s a typical morning scene at the collective.
C．He saw garbage piled high in vacant, abandoned lots.
D．Covington made the garden a little bigger to plant more.
E．And almost immediately neighbors began asking to participate.
F．He planted a garden to help feed residents and enrich their lives.
G．What began as an effort to remove trash has turned into a site of community.
（2024·湖北·二模）My name is McKenzie Skiles and I’m a snow hydrologist (水文学家) at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. 21 Actually, the purpose is to track dust’s impact on water resources.
I am most interested in the impact of warming temperatures on snow melting rates, and I have started studying snowmelt since 2009 in Utah and Colorado. When I skied to research sites in Utah to collect snow for my experiment, the mountainous landscapes were covered in dust. 22 It’s clear that 2009 was one of the biggest years for dust deposition (沉积) onto snow.
23 I usually have to cover several kilometers, carrying a 27-kilogramme pack with a shovel (铲子) to dig a snow hole, tools to cut snow and measure its density, and containers to collect snow for analyses. One year, I hit a dusty area of snow, broke my ski and sliced my leg open.
In areas with heavy dust deposition, such as the southern Rocky Mountains, dust speeds up melting by one or two months. Warming air temperatures affect snow gathering, but dust builds up over time and darkens the surface. 24
I’m now exploring different ice and snow landscapes for further research. For example, how black-carbon buildup following forest fires affects melting. 25 As we move into a future that is likely to be even dustier, we need them to predict snowmelt for many reasons, including working out how to use water in the western United States efficiently.
A．The dust caused a lot of trouble.
B．I went for miles in the wilderness.
C．Doing my research is no easy task.
D．One of the goals is to develop snowmelt models.
E．In Colorado, the red dust from desert soils had also blown in.
F．As a result, the snow will absorb more sunlight and quicken melting.
G．My job is to ski in the wilderness to measure dust on top of snow each spring.
（2024·甘肃白银·二模）How to Start a Garden in 2024
Gardening is a powerful outlet for creativity, enabling you to surround yourself with beauty. It can provide homegrown food for your family, keep you in touch with nature and is also an invaluable form of exercise. 26 Here are some essential tips for beginners in gardening.
It all starts with good soil. Whatever you’re growing, fertile soil is the key. Investing in rich soil initially creates a suitable environment. 27
Grow vegetables that keep on giving. If you’re a newcomer, choose ones you can harvest more than once. Lettuce and basil are quick and easy to grow. 28 Vegetables like these mean continuous harvests, which is huge for keeping spirits high.
29 Some plants will grow tall and some will grow closer to the ground. Tall plants will shade shorter plants and prevent them getting needed sunshine. Also, give little seedlings plenty of room to stretch and grow. If they grow too close together, don’t be afraid to thin seedlings.
Save money with seeds and cuttings. Buying all of your plants from the garden center is expensive. However, you can grow a huge range of plants from seeds or cuttings. Reach out to friends and family who garden and ask them to share spare seeds with you. 30 It takes longer than buying young plants, but it is definitely more satisfying and you will learn so much.
A．Plant for every season.
B．Size up your growing space.
C．They’ll replace their leaves every time you cut them.
D．In short, gardening is beneficial to both body and soul.
E．Choose a container size appropriate for what you are growing.
F．It promotes root development, supplying nutrients for plant growth.
G．Also check to see if they have any plants you can take cuttings from.
（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Once upon a time, sewing and mending clothes was common. 31 Why have people stopped mending their clothing Schools stopped offering home economics classes, technology boomed and fast fashion became increasingly popular. All of a sudden, it’s more inconvenient to fix something than it is to buy something new.
32 In the past few years, it seems there’s been growing interest in slow fashion—not only saving, but also sewing and mending. On one of the most pleasant corners of the internet, you’ll find lots of videos showcasing everything from visible mending to beginner sewing journeys.
Why should you learn to mend 33 As any eco expert will tell you, the best thing you can do is buy less to begin with. That means shopping for quality items that will stand the test of time, but also learning a few key skills so you can repair those items as needed rather than sentencing them to life in an already-overflowing landfill. It’s also helpful to customize (改制) secondhand items which might not be exactly the right size or a little out of date. 34
Beyond the functional benefits, mending is about using what you have, embracing imperfections, fixing what’s broken, and rejecting the idea that new er is better. The other aspect of mending is mindfulness. 35 It’s meditative (冥想的), slow work. It’s productive, and deeply satisfying. And an added bonus: It’s sustainable.
If you are interested in sewing and mending, it is the perfect time to learn the new skill. which can especially have a positive impact on the world.
A．But all hope is not lost.
B．Because it is a means of making a living.
C．Mending is a great way to reject consumerism.
D．Buying secondhand goods makes it possible to be sustainable.
E．This way, you may find yourself upcycling pieces into ones that suit you.
F．At some point in the last few decades, though, it became something of a lost art.
G．You focus on the task at hand and use your creativity to make your clothes unique.
（2024·湖南邵阳·一模）Road systems are necessary for public transport. Street network is indeed convenient for humans. But roads and highways have done more harm than good to animals. Every week, millions of wild animals die from vehicle collisions (碰撞). Despite the numerous road signs, the increasing number of animal roadkills keeps on increasing each year. Ever since road systems were constructed, animals have been exposed to danger from moving from one place to another. 36
Wildlife crossings are in the form of bridges, overpasses and underpass tunnels. 37 With these safe routes, wild animals won’t have to access the busy roads and highways anymore. They can safely cross over or under these structures to move on to their path.
The first wildlife crossing ever made was in the form of bridges for animals. In the 1950’s,France constructed several animal bridges to protect both animals and humans from vehicle collisions. 38 Apart from France, the Netherlands also features 600 overpasses and ecoducts (生态通道) for deer, boars, and badgers. As a matter of fact, the Netherlands takes pride in having the longest wildlife overpass in the world. The Natuurbrug Zanderij Crailoo stretches 800 meters in length, overpassing the massive N525 roadway and nearby rail lines.
39 There could be a few unintended consequences of the wildlife crossings based on their design. The bridges can increase the spread of invasive(入侵的) species, for example. Predation (捕食) rates could increase as the predators can easily hunt down the prey (捕获物) through the bridges.
However, the importance of ecological crossings cannot be denied. Regardless of the negative impacts, they play a vital role in the preservation and restoration of habitat and species. 40
A．Diseases may also use the crossings to spread.
B．The wildlife bridges can have negative results as well.
C．Europe surely leads the way in terms of wildlife bridges.
D．These crossings are used by an increasing number of mammals.
E．These structures provide safe passageways for passing animals.
F．More ecoducts should be built to provide a safe space for the species.
G．For this reason, wildlife bridges are built to allow wild animals to cross man-made roads safely.
（2024·福建泉州·二模）For the past two months, Mandy Chen, a second-year student at Beijing University of Technology, has been posting photos of herself to Taobao, posing with a reusable cup, climbing stairs and switching off lights. 41 Taobao’s Al algorithm (算法) calculates that Chen’s use of a reusable cup reduced 15.7 grams of carbon emissions (排放), while her choice to take the stairs instead of the lift resulted in a reduction of 19.5 grams. 42
After seven days of posting her photos, Chen exchanged the points for a dozen of biodegradable rubbish bags from Taobao. Everyone can get an endless supply of free trash bags if they keep going, according to Chen. 43
Chen uses Carbon88, a platform launched last August by Alibaba Group Holding, to help the more than 800 million users on Taobao adopt a sustainable lifestyle. The platform rewards users for over 70 low-carbon behaviours. 44 It also recommends products that it considers environmentally sustainable, and gives users points for buying them.
45 “I didn’t know that my actions could produce such carbon reduction,” Chen said, “Now I feel good for what I’m doing to make this world a tiny bit better. We as a part of society can call for more systemic changes.”
A．It encourages them to reduce their carbon footprint.
B．And her efforts to save electricity prevented 65.50 grams.
C．It’s a valuable addition to current carbon-reduction policies.
D．Carbon reduction has helped increase Chen’s environmental awareness.
E．Within minutes, she receives a dozen points from the app as a reward.
F．They range from taking public transport to shopping of second-hand items.
G．She is now saving points for something better, like snacks and water bottles.
（23-24高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）How to Help Kids Save Our Oceans and Be Environmental Heroes
The world’s oceans benefit us in many different ways. 46 We need clean and healthy oceans to protect our own health and to support future generations. Here are some simple ways to encourage children to protect our oceans.
●Do a local clean-up
Beach, lake or river clean-ups are a great way to get children involved in keeping our environment free from rubbish. Even a local park will benefit from a clean-up. Less trash in the environment in general is less trash that could get washed away in our bodies of water. Gather the family to pick up rubbish together. 47 .
●Reuse disposed (废弃的) items
A great way to get kids involved in recycling is to encourage them to find other uses for old items. Instead of throwing something away, help them turn it into art!
48 . The children took a trip to the local beach and were encouraged to pick up different types of rubbish that could be turned into artwork. “Trash isn’t just trash, because you can create loads of things with it. It ends up not being trash anymore, but a beautiful piece of art,” one of the children said.
● 49
More than 70 percent of the plastic we use does not get recycled, and a lot of this plastic waste is swept into our oceans. Cutting down on plastic use is important if we are to protect our oceans.
Often, pre-packaged fruits and vegetables at supermarkets are a big source of single-use plastic. Getting kids interested in growing their own food is a fun and educational way to cut down on plastic use and shorten supply chains of foods. Besides, educate kids to use as little plastic as possible.
●Eat sustainably sourced fish
50 . Unsustainable fishing practices threaten the food security of these communities, both by taking away these marine (海洋的) resources but also by harming their life. You can help by eating fish that are rich in the sea.
A．Reduce plastic use
B．Yet, our oceans are being heavily polluted
C．Plastic is a material produced from oil by a chemical process
D．The kids will really see the difference it makes to an area that they play in
E．Fish is an essential part of a balanced diet for many people across the globe
F．People can have an opportunity to appreciate rare fish in an aquarium (水族馆)
G．Local school children in Rome, Italy recently participated in a “Creating art from waste” workshop
（2024·四川·一模）Many owners dream of taking a walk with their dog without a rope and those dreams are not impossible. 51
Tie a collar around the dog’s neck and attach a rope to the collar. Even though your initial goal is to train the dog to walk off-rope, starting his training with a rope keeps him under control.
Teach the dog a “watch me” command. It teaches the dog to focus on your face and watch your eyes, which is important to keeping the dog’s attention when you switch to off-rope work. Call the dog’s name and hold a treat close to his nose. 52 The instant the dog looks up and focuses on your face, give him the treat. Ask the dog to “watch me” frequently during the training until he maintains eye contact with each command.
Encourage the dog to walk close by your side. Keep a treat in your left hand, holding it just out of his reach. Tell him “Sit down” and step off, taking a few quick steps forward. 53 Slow to a stop, reward him with the treat when he sits, and praise him for remaining in position.
54 You may reach the point where you feel your dog is so obedient that a rope is unnecessary. Nonetheless, have a rope with you at all times when you are training or just out and about with your dog. 55 And be aware of rope laws. No matter how confident you are in your dog’s obedience, those laws still apply.
A．Give the order and bring the treat toward your eyes.
B．You must tie a rope to the collar around the dog’s neck.
C．What you need to do is use a firm on-rope training first.
D．If he always focuses on the training, give him plenty of praise.
E．Always be ready to tie the rope onto his collar if the need arises.
F．Speak in an enthusiastic voice and hold the treat within his reach.
G．Repeat the on-rope work with the dog off-rope until he performs perfectly.
（2023·浙江嘉兴·一模）Ensuring that your home is as energy-efficient as it can possibly be is essential. Take the steps listed below, and you’ll be living in an energy-efficient home in no time.
56 To stop it in its tracks, you must invest in having your house insulated (隔热的). Taking such action may demand some cost in advance, but it will be sure to save you over 100 a year when it comes to your energy bills.
The old boilers (锅炉) are not as energy-efficient as the very latest models in this field. 57 By investing in a top of the line boiler, you’ll no doubt tap into a number of savings. What’s more, making this kind of investment will also be sure to lower your home’s carbon emissions.
Only when you know how much energy you use can you take action to be less wasteful and more resourceful in this instance. 58 To assist you in taking on this extremely important challenge, you might want to consider fitting an energy monitor in your home. 59 But if you’re lucky, your electricity provider will give you one for free. This monitor will provide you and your family with constant updates on the amount of energy you are using on a day-to-day basis.
With just twelve years (now seven years) to go until climate change alters earth forever, now is the time for you to play your part in protecting the planet that you live in. 60
A．The investment demanded in this instance is significant.
B．Taking such action will help you adapt to climate change.
C．Generally, this type of device will cost between 25 and 40.
D．It means you should try to keep track of energy consumption.
E．By putting the above advice into practice, you’ll be green soon.
F．Most of your home’s wasted energy will escape through your roof.
G．It might be high time to update yours if you haven’t done so for years.
（2024·四川泸州·一模）Do Lobsters Feel Pain
The traditional method for cooking a lobster (龙虾) — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. 61 . Lobsters go bad very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. However, if lobsters are capable of feeling pain, the method and others, such as storing the live lobster on ice, raise moral questions for chefs and lobster eaters alike.
62 . Lobsters have a peripheral system like humans, but instead of a single brain, they possess nerve cluster (神经簇). Because of this difference, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standard for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, respond to anesthetics, and are believed to possess some level of consciousness. So most scientists believe that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.
63 , so it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia.
The most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes a lobster, making it unconscious in less than half a second or killing it in 5 to 10 seconds. 64 .
Unfortunately, the CrustaStun is too expensive for most restaurants and people to afford. Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time it loses consciousness and dies. 65 , but it is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it.
A．This solution is not ideal
B．And then, it can be cut apart or boiled
C．Lobsters are popular food in many countries
D．There is growing evidence that lobsters may feel pain
E．Scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain
F．Many restaurants choose more humane methods to cook it
G．This cooking way is used to improve humans’ dining experience
（2024·江西萍乡·一模）New animals
In northern Vietnam, in thick forests in the North Annamite Mountains, there is a wildlife park called Vu Quang. In 1986, the area was made an official forest reserve. In 2002, 550 square kilometers of the area were declared a National Park. 66 . It is in an area that is hard to get to, for one thing. And it’s an area that’s difficult to walk through because the rocks are covered with algae and are very slippery.
67 . In the last twenty years, several new species of animals that have never been seen anywhere in the world before have been discovered there. Some of them are so new that scientists haven’t given them official names yet!
The new animals discovered at the park include the Vu Quang ox or Saola, a “slow” deer, a giant muntjac (the world’s largest, in fact), a black deer and a “holy” goat. 68 , as well as two species of amphibians and 15 species of reptiles.
The Saola was the first new species of large mammal to be discovered in more than fifty years, so it caused a lot of excitement in the scientific world. It is a strange goat-like creature that looks as if it is somehow related to cattle. It has horns that can be between one and two feet long, and that seem to come out of the animal’s head at slightly different angles. 69 .
The creature had hidden safely for generations in the Vu Quang area. But once it was discovered, it was in danger. 70 . Sadly, the Saola is now being hunted and may well end up as another endangered species.
A．That’s why it attracts hunters
B．Vu Quang is no ordinary park, though
C．Hunters have no respect for new species
D．But that’s not all that is unusual about Vu Quang
E．Five new species of fish have also been found there
F．This was the first time so many new species had been found in this area
G．That’s why it is called “Saola”, meaning “spinning wheel posts” in Vietnamese
（2023·河南·三模）Sustainability (可持续性) is rarely as simple as a yes or no question. 71 But sustainable fishing does exist. And by understanding the way that fisheries operate, we can develop simple rules to guide our seafood purchases. Here are some useful tips.
72 If you live near a coast and have access to a fish market where locally caught seafood is sold, buying there is a great way to support local, sustainability-minded fishermen. If you live further from a coast, try to keep your purchases domestic.
Look beyond the most popular fish. 73 So their populations are under stress. Fishermen also feel pressured to bring them to market. Then you can turn to plentiful but unfamiliar species. By asking the fish seller, you’ll get exposed to a far wider variety and you are likely to find some new favorites along the way! If you can’t talk to the fishermen, you can look up an unfamiliar species through Seafood Watch. While no perfect rating system exists, you can find a good indicator. 74
Stay open to frozen or tinned. To many people, fresh fish out of the seafood counter might seem like the best option. 75 Many small fisheries make use of flash freezing to lock in the fish’s freshness right out of the water, so whether you find these options online or in the store, you can be assured that they’re of good quality.
A．Support local fisheries.
B．Buy fish at the fish market.
C．They don’t like to eat salted fish.
D．And that’s especially true with seafood.
E．Many of the most popular fish are in high demand.
F．Actually, when it comes to quality, other options can be just as good.
G．Through it you can find whether a fish was caught sustainably or not.
（2023·湖南长沙·二模）In the face of wildlife loss and habitat destruction, it’s easy to feel powerless to improve. But any action you take, no matter how small, will help restore the world to its natural balance. Here are 4 things you can do to help wildlife.
Think twice before landscaping.
76 But unless you’re confronting a genuine safety issue, remember that what’s unpleasant to you is sweet home to squirrels, birds, worms and other animals that you might not even know are there. If you must landscape your yard, do so in a way that won’t drive away native wildlife.
Keep your cats indoors.
It’s ironic that many people who claim to love wildlife have no problem allowing their cats to roam freely outside. Cats are animals, too. 77 Outdoor cats, however, don’t think twice about killing wild birds. In case you’re thinking about “warning” the birds by attaching a bell to your cat’s collar, don’t bother: Birds have an inborn tendency to flee loud, startling noises, not jingling pieces of metal.
Don’t feed any animals but birds.
That deer that wanders into your backyard might look hungry and helpless. 78 Giving food to animals accustoms them to human contact, but not all human beings are as warmhearted as you are. Feeding wild birds, on the other hand. is OK as long as you don’t have outdoor cats and you provide a meal in keeping with the bird’s natural diet. 79
Clean up litter (not only your own).
If you’re concerned about protecting wildlife, you know better than to litter. But it’s not enough to keep your own yard or picnic area clean. You should go the extra mile and pick up cans and bottles left by other people. 80
A．Choose nuts and seeds rather than processed bread.
B．It seems cruel to keep them shut up inside the house.
C．However, if you feed it, you won’t be doing it any favors.
D．Most people don’t want wild animals to destroy their roses.
E．Smal animals can easily get trapped in or injured by this litter.
F．If you have the space, establishing a “mini meadow (草地)” as a border or boundary area is another effective way to attract birds, as well as beneficial insects.
G．If you have just purchased a house or a piece of land, you might be tempted to chop (砍) down unsightly trees.
（2023·江苏盐城·三模）The Upside to Being Outside
Research shows that being in nature makes people feel good, whether they’re roughing it in the wilderness for days or just hanging out at a local park for a while. One study was conducted in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. Researchers found that most participants’ mood and well-being improved significantly when they spent time in urban parks, even though the average visit was only around half an hour.
81 For example, scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers. Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too. 82
How does nature boost people’s happiness Scientists say that spending time in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety, which benefits mental and physical health. Research shows our brains are more relaxed in natural settings.
To most people, it’s not news that nature can be calming. But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving. 83 Another found that exposure to nature helped people score better on tests. That’s more proof that going outside is a smart move!
What accounts for the connection with cognition and creativity It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure to information overload. Everyday life involves a lot of multitasking. Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness. 84
Naturally, scientific studies don’t cover everything that’s great about the great outdoors. 85 From recreation and exercise to happiness and creativity, there are lots of upsides to getting outside.
A．One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip.
B．According to many scientific studies, there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier, healthier, and more creative.
C．What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting.
D．Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees.
E．When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen, it might be a good idea to switch it off.
F．This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level.
G．So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation.
（2024·全国·模拟预测）Are you tired of spending a significant part of your monthly budget on groceries Growing your own food can help with your ballooning grocery bill.
If you don’t have an established vegetable patch (菜地), the set-up can be costly enough to put you off. 86 These let you grow your own food without having to pay for garden beds, compost (堆肥) and gardening tools. Some gardens have been running for decades. They’re usually run by local like-minded gardeners who can share their knowledge of what grows well where you are.
If you hope to grow food closer to home, you could consider “guerrilla gardening”, where you change your neighbourhood natural land into food gardens. Before starting, check if your local planning laws allow it. 87 To get started, consult the guidelines from Farmers of the Urban Footpath.
88 Garden beds higher than the area around are a good option. They operate as closed systems, saving water and nutrients for later use by the plants. Good quality compost will improve harvests and save you money in the long term.
What about apartment residents If there is sunlight, you can grow food cheaply. 89 Remember to consider potential pollutants if you take this approach to make sure your soil and the food growing in it are clean.
If you get more serious, you could even stop using soil entirely and look at hydroponic units (水培装置). While more expensive, hydroponic units offer a more controlled growing environment to ensure better harvests and protect your plants against extreme or unpredictable weather. 90
A．Some authorities do, but some do not.
B．Focus on what your household actually eats.
C．Go for plants that offer you harvests over weeks.
D．Old containers like plastic pots can be repurposed for growing.
E．If you have the space, you could set up your own vegetable patch.
F．They can allow you to produce quantities of leafy greens from seed soon.
G．It’s worth looking around first to see if there are community gardens near you.
（2024·广东·模拟预测）For many years, scientists saw trees as independent living things. Each tree in the forest was trying to get light, water and nutrients. Trees competed for resources. 91 They cooperate with each other with the help of fungi (真菌).
In forests, fungi connect trees through underground networks. Trees’ roots branch out in all directions. The same soil is home to fungi, which can grow on and around tree roots. The fungi grow in thin threads (线状物). As they grow, the threads can link to numerous trees. The fungi create webs between trees known as mycorrhizal (菌根) networks. 92 The trees give sugars to the fungi and the fungi get mineral nutrients from the soil. They share them with the trees.
The fungi in a mycorrhizal network link the trees together. 93 For example, if a young plant is growing in a shaded area, it may not get enough sunlight. However, larger trees growing around it can send sugars to the young tree’s roots through the fungi. Similarly, if a tree is dying, it might give its nutrients to the healthy trees growing around it.
Mycorrhizal networks are not always cooperative. Some plants will use the networks to take nutrients from their neighbors. Some flowers will steal food from other plants. 94 They want to harm plants that are competing for sunlight and water.
95 They can send chemical or electrical signals through the wood wide web. If a tree is being eaten by insects, it will send out signals for help. Similarly, when diseases attack trees, they can send out chemicals.
A．Trees also send messages through the networks.
B．Networks can even connect different species of plants.
C．Scientists think the fungi are important for healthy forests.
D．Trees can share sugars, nutrients and water with one another.
E．However, scientists are discovering that trees may actually work together.
F．There are also plants that send poisonous substances through the networks.
G．In these networks, scientists think the trees and the fungi help one another.
（2024·四川·模拟预测）Alternative Sources of Energy
The world’s number one energy source is not man-made. It is much bigger than anything that Man could ever dream of designing or manufacturing, and in fact produces all the energy needs of everybody on Earth. 96 . Apart from it, other energy sources are being used by Man to help the development of the modern civilization.
Solar Energy
Solar energy is a simple and already familiar source of more direct renewable energy production. Its use is on the increase as technology improves. 97 . In India there are plans to power 100,000 villages and install 500,000 solar powered telephones. During the course of one year, Europe receives approximately 1000-kilowatt hours of solar energy each square meter.
Water Energy
Water power is used in countries that have a lot of natural rivers and streams. 98 , because in order to generate hydroelectric power (水力发电), engineers must first build a dam to block a river and create a reservoir. Power is generated as the water flow from reservoirs(水库) is directed to turn electric generators.
Wind Energy
99 . Many countries have also traditionally used wind as a source of power by building windmills. Some windmills even have been used for more than a century, but there has been a significant increase since the 1970s. They are already a familiar sight in Netherlands, Denmark and on windy islands such as Las Palmas in the Canary Islands.
Of course there are many other alternative sources of energy (geothermal power, tidal power, etc.), which are currently being researched and used in countries around the world. These sources often create less pollution than traditional sources of power and are becoming more economical to use as technology improves. 100 .
A．Solar energy is said to keep down the costs of maintenance (维护) and energy
B．It is happening in both developed countries and new economies like India
C．The best source of energy is wind energy
D．They are the logical choice towards a more environmentally conscious planet
E．That energy source is certainly the Sun
F．Another form of energy with us for centuries is the use of wind power
G．Some environmentalists claim that this type of power can be harmful to local ecosystems
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．G 4．B 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
1．根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity.(珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港)”可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，C项“And they host a quarter of marine species.(它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园)”同样描述前文语境，切合文意。故选C。
2．根据后文“Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income.(如果没有珊瑚礁所提供的保护，像马尔代夫这样地势低洼的岛屿很久以前就会被洪水淹没，10亿人将失去食物和收入)”可知，此处是说明珊瑚礁的用途。A项“Corals are useful to people.(珊瑚对人类很有用)”该项提到珊瑚对于人类的用处，切合文意，起到引出后文的作用。故选A。
3．根据前文“Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type.(世界各地的研究小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助。比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造一种新的珊瑚)”和后文“Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.(如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活)”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可，G项“However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.(然而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持)”该项提到珊瑚的进化并没有得到支持。切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
4．根据后文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动)”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，B项“But there are grounds for optimism.(但我们有理由感到乐观)”该项提到各国开始采取行动，说明事情在往好的方面发展。该项切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
5．根据前文“This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.(这种自然活动和人类干预的混合是很重要的)”和后文“Hard-core greens—those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled—may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.(核心的绿色植物——那些认为所有的栖息地都应该不受破坏的人——可能不会同意。但是，当整个生态系统面临破坏时，什么都不做的代价太大而无法承受)”可知，此处是指珊瑚礁非常重要，可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图。D项“It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.(它可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图)”表明珊瑚对生态系统也起到很大的作用。该项切合文意，符合语境。故选D。
6．D 7．E 8．G 9．B 10．F
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了垂直农业带来的几个好处。
6．
根据下文“You get to grow your plants while using the small space at home. Below are some benefits of vertical farming for small house owners.(你可以利用家里的小空间种植你的植物。下面是垂直农业对小户主的一些好处。)”可知，空处应介绍垂直农业的好处。D项：It comes in handy without causing any inconvenience to your living arrangements.(它很方便，不会给你的生活安排带来任何不便。)符合语境。故选D。
7．根据段落小标题“Reduce water usage.(减少水的使用)”和上文“If your plants are grown in a traditional way, you’ll need lots of water to keep up with your plants’ growth.(如果你的植物以传统的方式种植，你将需要大量的水来跟上你的植物的生长。)”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，说明垂直农业可以节约用水。E项中的“water usage will dramatically drop”和标题对应。E项：However, if you invest in vertical farming, your water usage will dramatically drop.(然而，如果你投资垂直农业，你的用水量将大大下降。)符合语境。故选E。
8．根据上文“However, vertical farming ensures that you can create a garden in your home and fully enjoy the experience.(然而，垂直农业确保你可以在家里创造一个花园，并充分享受这种体验。)”和下文“So, if you aim to save space in your home and still have a garden, vertical farming is perfect.(所以，如果你的目标是节省家里的空间，仍然有一个花园，垂直农业是完美的。)”可知，空处承上启下，讲述了垂直农业可以帮助我们充分利用闲置空间。G项：It enables you to take full advantage of walls and spaces that would otherwise stay useless.(它使你能够充分利用墙壁和空间，否则就会变得无用。)符合语境。故选G。
9．
空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Vertical farming is mainly done indoors and entirely depends on you to provide the best conditions. With commitment, you can continuously ensure consistent food production despite the seasons.(垂直农业主要在室内进行，完全取决于你提供最好的条件。有了承诺，无论季节如何，您都可以持续确保粮食生产的一致性。)”可知，本段主要介绍了垂直农业可以不受季节的限制，一年四季都能产出食物。B项：Produce food consistently.(持续生产食物。)符合语境。故选B。
10．根据上文“Cut down on chemicals and pesticides. Vertical gardens will not require you to invest in pesticides and chemical fertilizers to keep your plants alive.(减少化学药品和杀虫剂的使用。垂直花园不需要你投资杀虫剂和化肥来保持你的植物存活。)”可知，垂直农业减少了对杀虫剂和化学肥料的使用，F项：So the food grown is organic and safe for consumption making it an excellent choice.(所以种植的食物是有机的，可以安全食用，是一个很好的选择。)符合语境，讲述了这么做的好处，即可以产生有机绿色食物。故选F。
11．C 12．A 13．E 14．D 15．G
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是云观测者Ji Yun的故事。
11．空前“Cloud spotters take a more serious approach to make sense of the sky.(云观测者采取更严肃的方法来理解天空。)”讲的是云观测者的工作，空格处应该继续说云观测者还要干什么，C选项“They take photos of the clouds and match them to cloud type names.(他们拍摄云的照片，并将它们与云的类型名称相匹配。)”说明了云观测者除了做空前的事情外还做什么，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
12．空前“As the number of group members continued to grow, Ji and several cloud enthusiasts created dozens of online groups for different regions in China, forming the Sky Enthusiasts Association in 2019.(随着小组成员数量的持续增长，Ji和几位云爱好者在中国不同地区创建了数十个在线小组，并于2019年成立了Sky Enthusiasts Association。)”说明了Sky Enthusiasts Association的成立，空格处应该说这个协会的相关情况，A选项“Currently, there are thousands of people across different groups.(目前，有成千上万的人来自不同的群体。)”说明了协会里有成千上万的人，是关于这个协会的，因此A选项承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
13．空后“Cloud spotting, in fact, is an invitation to be amazed by something so common every day that we’ve become blind to.(事实上，观云是一种邀请，让我们对日常生活中常见的东西感到惊讶，而我们却视而不见。)”说明观云其实很容易做到，也就是不那么困难，E选项“But that is not to say all clouds spotters need to go to such great lengths.(但这并不是说所有的云观测者都需要花这么大的力气)”说明云观测者不需要费那么大劲，也就是观云是挺容易做到的，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
14．空前“Observing the clouds has become a habit for me(观云已经成为我的习惯)”是Jiang Xinwei在谈论观云对自己的影响，空格处也应该是这方面的内容，D选项“My worries and troubles seem to fade away as I look up.(当我抬头时，我的烦恼和烦恼似乎都消失了。)”说明的是观云对Jiang Xinwei的影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
15．空前“Clouds change in the blink of an eye.(云在眨眼之间变化。)”说明了云变化得很快，是描述云的，空格处也应该是描述云的，G选项“When they roll over the sky, I feel the passage of time has a concrete shape.(当它们在天空翻滚时，我感觉时间的流逝有了具体的形状。)”也是描述云的，说明了云翻滚时作者的感觉，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
16．B 17．C 18．A 19．E 20．G
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了社区领袖Mark Covington变废为宝，建农场助邻，社区由此焕发新生。
16．根据上文“Mark Covington, founder of the Georgia Street Community Collective in Detroit, stands in a corner of his urban farm, breathing the fresh air in the early morning.(Mark Covington是底特律乔治亚街社区集体组织的创始人，他站在自家城市农场的一角，呼吸着清晨的新鲜空气)”及下文“Early in the day, the green crops giving life to tomatoes, cabbages, eggplants, and more are bathed in gold, as if being watered by the sun.(清晨，绿色的庄稼，如西红柿、卷心菜、茄子等，沐浴在金色之中，仿佛被太阳浇灌过)”可知，这些描述共同构成了清晨在这个集体农场中的典型景象，B项“这是集体农场的一个典型清晨场景”符合语境，故选B。
17．根据上文“In 2007, Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street.(2007年，Covington失去了工作，回到了儿时的街道)”以及下文“‘It was dirty,’ he said.(‘很脏，’他说)”可知，此处是说Covington回到儿时的街道后看到脏乱的景象，C项“他看到垃圾堆在空的、废弃的空地上”符合语境，故选C。
18．上文“He knew that if he just cleaned them up, people would pile on them again.(他知道如果他把它们清理干净，人们又会把它们堆起来)”提到，Covington意识到如果只是简单地清理这些空地，人们又会再次把垃圾堆在上面，这暗示了需要一种更持久、更有意义的改变，结合下文“Covington started with a small community garden.(Covington从一个小的社区花园开始)”提到他种植社区花园可知，空处是说他想到如果在这些空地上种植东西，人们可能就不会再往上面乱丢垃圾了，A项“但如果他种一些东西，他们可能就不会（堆积）”符合语境，故选A。
19．上文“Covington started with a small community garden.(Covington从一个小的社区花园开始)”提到Covington开始种植社区花园，结合下文“One mother sent three children to help him build a larger garden where the kids could grow food, stay busy during the summer and add structure to their lives.(一位母亲让三个孩子帮他建了一个更大的花园，孩子们可以在那里种食物，在夏天保持忙碌，并为他们的生活增添一些安排)”可知，邻居们和Covington一起种植社区花园，E项“邻居们几乎立刻就开始要求参与进来”符合语境，故选E。
20．结合下文“On one corner: a movie screen and a public garden with vegetable and flower beds. On another: a farm and a community center in a building. Nearby are garlic beds and a greenhouse.(在一个角落里：一个电影屏幕和一个有蔬菜和花坛的公共花园。在另一个角落：一个农场和一个社区中心在一栋楼里。附近是大蒜床和温室)”可知，文章最后描述了Covington的项目如何从清理垃圾开始，逐渐发展成为一个集电影屏幕、公共花园、农场和社区中心等多种功能于一体的社区活动场所。这显示了该项目从单纯的垃圾清理转变为一个促进社区凝聚力和活力的地方。因此，选项G“从清理垃圾开始的项目已经变成了一个社区活动的地方”最能概括文章结尾部分的内容。故选G。
21．G 22．E 23．C 24．F 25．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪水文学家McKenzie Skiles的研究工作及其意义。
21．根据上文“My name is McKenzie Skiles and I’m a snow hydrologist (水文学家) at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.(我叫McKenzie Skiles，是盐湖城犹他大学的雪水文学家)”以及下文“Actually, the purpose is to track dust’s impact on water resources.(实际上，目的是追踪灰尘对水资源的影响)”可知，这里介绍了自己的身份和职业并指出实际上工作的目的是追踪灰尘对水资源的影响。因此，这里需要一个句子来衔接上下文，并解释自己的工作具体是什么，与G项“My job is to ski in the wilderness to measure dust on top of snow each spring.( 我的工作是每年春天在野外滑雪，测量雪上的灰尘)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
22．根据上文“When I skied to research sites in Utah to collect snow for my experiment, the mountainous landscapes were covered in dust.(当我滑雪到犹他州的研究地点为我的实验收集雪时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖)”以及下文“It’s clear that 2009 was one of the biggest years for dust deposition (沉积) onto snow.( 很明显，2009年是雪上灰尘沉积最多的年份之一)”可知，这句话描述了在犹他州的研究地点滑雪收集雪样时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖的情景。接下来，需要找到一个句子，它既能与上句中的描述相联系，又能为下句提供背景或证据，E项“In Colorado, the red dust from desert soils had also blown in.(在科罗拉多州，沙漠土壤中的红色灰尘也被吹进来了)”表达的含义符合语境，故选E项。
23．根据下文“I usually have to cover several kilometers, carrying a 27-kilogramme pack with a shovel (铲子) to dig a snow hole, tools to cut snow and measure its density, and containers to collect snow for analyses.(我通常要走几公里，带着一个27公斤重的包和一把铲子挖雪洞，带着削雪和测量雪密度的工具，带着收集雪进行分析的容器)”可知，此处表达的是作者的研究工作不是一件容易的事，与C项“Doing my research is no easy task.(做我的研究绝非易事)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
24．根据上文“Warming air temperatures affect snow gathering, but dust builds up over time and darkens the surface.(气温升高会影响积雪，但随着时间的推移，灰尘会堆积起来，使地表变暗)”这句话表明了两个事实：一是空气温度的升高会影响雪的积聚，二是随着时间的推移，灰尘会不断积累并使雪的表面变黑。接下来，需要找到一个合适的句子来承接这个描述，并解释灰尘使雪的表面变黑之后可能产生的后果，与F项“As a result, the snow will absorb more sunlight and quicken melting.(因此，雪会吸收更多的阳光，加速融化)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
25．根据上文“I’m now exploring different ice and snow landscapes for further research. For example, how black-carbon buildup following forest fires affects melting.( 我现在正在探索不同的冰雪景观，以便进一步研究。例如，森林火灾后黑碳的积累如何影响融化)”以及下文“As we move into a future that is likely to be even dustier, we need them to predict snowmelt for many reasons, including working out how to use water in the western United States efficiently(随着我们进入一个可能更加尘土飞扬的未来，我们需要他们预测融雪，原因有很多，包括研究如何有效利用美国西部的水)”可知，此处表示的是作者正在探索不同的冰雪景观以进行进一步的研究，并给出了一个具体的例子，即森林火灾后黑色碳的积累如何影响融化。接下来，作者谈到了未来可能会更加多尘的环境，并强调了预测雪融化的重要性，包括如何在美国西部有效利用水资源，在这个背景下，需要找到一个句子来连接上文中关于雪融化的研究与下文中对未来环境的预测以及水资源利用的讨论，D项“One of the goals is to develop snowmelt models.(目标之一是开发融雪模型)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
26．D 27．F 28．C 29．B 30．G
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何开始进行园艺的一些基本方法。
26．
前文“Gardening is a powerful outlet for creativity, enabling you to surround yourself with beauty. It can provide homegrown food for your family, keep you in touch with nature and is also an invaluable form of exercise. (园艺是发挥创造力的有力途径，能让你置身于美之中。它可以为你的家人提供自制的食物，让你与大自然保持联系，也是一种宝贵的锻炼方式)”介绍园艺对人的种种好处，因此D项“In short, gardening is beneficial to both body and soul. (简而言之，园艺对身体和灵魂都有益)”符合语境，指出园艺对身心都有益，是对前文的总结。故选D。
27．
前文“Whatever you’re growing, fertile soil is the key. Investing in rich soil initially creates a suitable environment. (无论你种什么，肥沃的土壤是关键。在肥沃的土壤上投资首先会创造一个合适的环境)”指出肥沃的土壤很重要，帮助创造合适的环境，因此F项“It promotes root development, supplying nutrients for plant growth. (它促进根系发育，为植物生长提供营养)”符合语境，解释土壤对植物的作用，承接前文，其中的It指代前文的rich soil。故选F。
28．
前文“If you’re a newcomer, choose ones you can harvest more than once. Lettuce and basil are quick and easy to grow. (如果你是一个新手，选择那些你可以收获不止一次的。生菜和罗勒又快又容易种植)”建议新手种植可以多次收获的植物，例如生菜和罗勒，因此C项“They’ll replace their leaves every time you cut them. (每次你剪掉它们的叶子，它们都会换新的)”符合语境，介绍这两种蔬菜可以很快长出新叶子，承接前文两者的生长快且容易，其中的They指代前文的Lettuce and basil。故选C。
29．
空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。根据后文“Some plants will grow tall and some will grow closer to the ground. Tall plants will shade shorter plants and prevent them getting needed sunshine. Also, give little seedlings plenty of room to stretch and grow. If they grow too close together, don’t be afraid to thin seedlings. (有些植物会长得很高，有些植物会长得离地面更近。高大的植物会遮蔽较矮的植物，使它们得不到所需的阳光。同时，给幼苗足够的空间伸展和生长。如果它们长得太近，不要害怕给幼苗间苗)”可知，本段主要介绍注意合理安排植物生长的空间，因此B项“Size up your growing space. (评估你的种植空间)”符合语境，建议评估种植空间，契合后文内容。故选B。
30．
前文“However, you can grow a huge range of plants from seeds or cuttings. Reach out to friends and family who garden and ask them to share spare seeds with you. (然而，你可以从种子或插枝中种植各种各样的植物。向从事园艺的朋友和家人寻求帮助，让他们与你分享多余的种子)”建议通过种子或插枝种出植物，从身边的人那里得到一些种子，因此G项“Also check to see if they have any plants you can take cuttings from. (还要检查一下他们是否有什么植物可以插枝)”符合语境，指出还可以从他们那里得到可以插枝的植物，承接前文，其中的they指代前文的friends and family who garden。故选G。
31．F 32．A 33．C 34．E 35．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了修补和缝纫衣服的好处。
31．根据上文“Once upon a time, sewing and mending clothes was common.(曾几何时，缝纫和缝补衣服是很常见的)”以及后文“Why have people stopped mending their clothing (为什么人们不再缝补衣服了？)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出人们不再缝补衣服了。故F选项“然而，在过去几十年的某个时候，它成了一门失传的艺术”符合语境，故选F。
32．根据上文“All of a sudden, it’s more inconvenient to fix something than it is to buy something new.(突然之间，修理东西比买新东西更不方便)”以及后文“In the past few years, it seems there’s been growing interest in slow fashion—not only saving, but also sewing and mending. On one of the most pleasant corners of the internet, you’ll find lots of videos showcasing everything from visible mending to beginner sewing journeys.(在过去的几年里，人们对慢时尚的兴趣似乎越来越大——不仅是省钱，还有缝纫和修补。在互联网最令人愉快的角落之一，你会发现很多视频，展示从可见的修补到初学者的缝纫之旅)”可知，本句与上一段最后一句构成转折，指出在过去几年，人们又开始进行缝纫了，故A选项“但并不是所有的希望都破灭了”符合语境，故选A。
33．根据上文“Why should you learn to mend (你为什么要学会缝补？)”以及后文“As any eco expert will tell you, the best thing you can do is buy less to begin with.(正如任何一位生态专家都会告诉你的那样，你能做的最好的事情就是开始时少买)”可知，本句回答上文为什么要学会缝补的问题，结合后文提到少买，可知缝补可以避免太多消费。故C选项“缝补是拒绝消费主义的好方法”符合语境，故选C。
34．根据上文“It’s also helpful to customize (改制) secondhand items which might not be exactly the right size or a little out of date.(定制尺寸不合适或有点过时的二手物品也很有帮助)”可知，上文提到了修改尺寸或二手物品，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明这么做的好处。故E选项“这样，你可能会发现自己把旧衣服升级成适合自己的衣服”符合语境，故选E。
35．根据上文“The other aspect of mending is mindfulness.(修补的另一个方面是正念)”以及后文“It’s meditative (冥想的), slow work. It’s productive, and deeply satisfying.(这是一项沉思的、缓慢的工作。这是富有成效的，而且非常令人满意)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明修补可以产生正念的具体内涵，故G选项“你专注于手头的工作，用你的创造力让你的衣服与众不同”符合语境，故选G。
36．G 37．E 38．C 39．B 40．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为保护动物而建立起的许多生态通道，如动物桥梁等，以及它们的优缺点。
36．本句位于段尾，是本段的结论句，同时承上启下。上文“Ever since road systems were constructed, animals have been exposed to danger from moving from one place to another. (自从道路系统建成以来，动物们就会因为从一个地方移动到另一个地方而面临危险。)”指出，为了保护动物安全，建造野生动物桥很有必要。下文“W