人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Writing 公开课课件(共45张PPT，内嵌视频)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Writing 公开课课件(共45张PPT，内嵌视频) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-11 09:14:48 | ||
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(共45张PPT)
Unit4 Adversity and Courage
Reading and Writing
Learn about optimism and perseverance
Learning Objectives
In this period, we will
1.review the content of the story learned in the previous sections and predict what may happen to the crew members next.
2. read the text “The Reward for Perseverance”and sort out the background of the story in a mind map;
3. based on the whole understanding of the story, write a review to introduce the story briefly , explain the qualites of the characters and your opinions on the story.
Lead in by reviewing
The crew set off for the expedition to Antarctica
excitedly
Firstly
Lead in by reviewing
Endurance got stuck in the ice and sank finally
the ship
the crew
had to abandon the ship and rescued the most essential supplies.
However
Lead in by reviewing
The crew had to camp on Elephant Island miserably
Then
Action
Condition
Problem
Things were from bad to worse
Spring was coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
Shackleton left to find help on South Georgia Island with a few crew members, others were still struggling to survive on Elephant Island.
Lead in by reviewing
So
Warm up by predicting
Prediction
What problems would the people remaining on Elephant Island face
What do you think was the biggest challenge for them
Were they finally rescured
What will happen next
Problems
coldness
homesickness
low spirits
short of food and water
short of clothes
uncertainty for future
...
What was the biggest challenge
Were they finally rescued
Reading
A Reward for Perseverance
Skimming
Task 1
Skim to check the prediction
Were they finally
rescured
Skimming
Task 2
Skim to decide the genre(体裁).
What is the genre of this passage
Diary entry
Autobiography
Memoir
Exposition
回忆录
a narrative written about an important event in the author’s life, focused and with specific scenes
Skimming
Task 3
Skim for the main idea.
What's the main idea of the memoir
(Tips: where who what how when )
On the _______ Island, optimism and faith in Shackleton helped the _______________ who were left behind to persevere in overcoming _________ and till Shackleton's _______ came.
Elephant
crew members
adversity
rescue
Skimming
Task 4
Skim the text, divide it into four parts and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1 ________ A Problems they faced and the solutions
Part 2 ________ B Background of the story
Part 3 ________ C The result: they were finally rescued
Part 4 ________ D Things that helped them tackle the
difficulties
1
2-4
5
6
Task 1
Read for the answers to the following questions.
1.What did the men eat and drink on the island
2.What were the dangers of living on the island
3.How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued
4.What do you think were the key reasons for their survival
Detailed Reading
Check the answers
1.What did the men eat and drink on the island
The men ate the meat of sea creatures and drank water from melted ice.
2.What were the dangers of living on the island
The dangers of living on the island were the changing temperatures , lack of food and water, and the black smoke from burning animal fat .
3.How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued
The men stayed in good spirits by being disciplined and staying positive. They celebrated birthdays , festivals , and every time when they caught a sea animal.
4.What do you think were the key reasons for their survival
I think the key reasons for their survival were their discipline and positive mental attitude, as well as the reliability of Shackleton.
Detailed Reading
Task 2
read for the structure
Read the text carefully and summarize the article structure based on the content and present the article structure using a mind map.
Background of the story
Shackleton and five members left Elephant Island to look for rescue while other crew menbers stayed on the island
Solution
drinking water
melted ice from the ocean
made fire
burn
animal fat
food problem
sea animals
got ill
melted ice from the ocean
Problems they faced
Things that helped
discipline, team spirit, and celebrations of birthdays,festivals, and small achievements.
Result:
they were finally rescued
Task 3
Discussion
1.If you were one of the men on Elephant Island, would you have trusted Shackleton Why or why not
2.What qualities of Shackleton make you trust him or not trust him
qualities of
Shackleton
calm
determined
selfless
fearless
responsible
genuine
persistent
wise ...
perseverant
optimistic
considerate
rational
being rescued, survival,
an unforgettable experience/episode,
Spirits: being optimistic and perseverant when in adversity,
faith in partners ...
Task 4
Thinking
reward
What do you think the word “reward” in the title refers to
The Reward For Perseverance
Writing
Based on the diary entries and the memoir you have read, write an essay about the story of Shackleton and his men on the ship Endurance.
write a review for the story
Task 1
Brainstorm
●How does the author describe Shackleton and his crew members
●What kind of relationship did Shackleton have with his crew
● What struggles did they face
●What were the motives for their actions
● What did you like most about the story
Task 2
Outline Making
Part 1
Summary of the whole story
(who, what, when, where, why, how)
Part 2
What I think about the characters in the story.
(cite examples to explain your thoughts)
Part 3
How the story made you feel and your overall impressions of the expedition.
Tense
past
present &
past
present
Task 3
Useful Expressions
1.探险；远征
2.全体工作人员
3.答应做某事
4.上船
5.不幸的是
6.沉没；下沉
expedition
crew
make a commitment to do sth.
go aboard the ship
unfortunately
sink
part 1 words and phrases
7.放弃
8.决定做某事
9.向某人寻求帮助
10.陷入恐慌
abandon
resolve to do sth.
turn to sb. for help
get into a panic
11.忍耐力；耐久力
12.毅力
13.放弃
endurance
perseverance
give up
Task 3
Useful Expressions
part 2 sentence structures
What impressed me was that ...who…
It was their ... spirits that ...
I was deeply moved/inspired by ...
All in all, I have learned an important lesson from the inspiring story. That is, ...
We should embrace positive attitudes and behave confidently.
Only through persistent pursuit can we ....
Task 4
Draft Making
According to the tasks finished, make your draft on your own. And then exchange drafts with a partner . Use the checklist to give feedback on your partner' s draft.
√ Does the essay contain the main points in the story
√ Is the essay written in the writer ' s own words
√ Does the writer give his / her opinion about the story
√ Does the writer present his / her ideas clearly by using linking words and phrases
a sample writing
This story is about the 1914-1916 expedition by Earnest Shackleton to make the first land crossing of Antarctica. For this task he used the ship Endurance, with a 28- man crew, including one stowaway.
Shackleton is described as calm and brave and takes his crew ' s safety very seriously . The rest of the crew are also brave , though a few are not very positive , and all were at times understandably worried and desperate about their situation . Overall though , they remained positive . This was helped by the good relationship Shackleton had with his crew who trusted him and knew he would do his best to save them.
The crew faced great troubles once Endurance got stuck in the ice . Soon they had to abandon the ship and camp on the ice . They had to face the extreme weather and cold as well as a dangerous environment and all with limited supplies . All of this added to the mental challenge , so they had to maintain a positive state of mind . Shackleton ' s motive was always to make sure his crew survived , and theirs was to last until he had found help.
What I like most about this story is that although their expedition failed in achieving its goal , it was not the disaster it could have been . This was due to Shackleton ' s perseverance in getting help and the crew ' s bravery in surviving for so long . My impression of them is very positive as they must have struggled greatly in such a position of adversity . I felt very happy when I learnt that the whole crew survived.
Assignment
After this section, you must have had a comprehensive and better understanding of the story. Based on your comprehension of the plot and the characters in the story, as well as your imagination, please write a continuation to the story after Shackleton and five other members came back to Elephant Island.
故事续写
基于你对故事情节及故事中人物的把握，根据你的想象，请按照下面各段的提示句，对故事进行合理的续写。
Paragraph 1:
Four months later, Shackleton and five other men suddenly appeared near Elephant Island.
Paragraph 2:
Luckily, we could see the ships and boats in the harbor where we left, and the houses faraway.
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island . It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them . Would they ever return to find us What might happen to them What if they were delayed We felt so alone and desperate . But it was not for long . There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up .
Language Points
Para 1
sail away 远航
Waht if they were delayed
要是他们被耽搁了会怎样呢？
what if “如果/倘使......将会怎样？”
用于引导条件状语从句
分析：此处they were delayed 运用了虚拟语气。
【拓展】what if 引导的条件状语从句可用陈述语气（谓语动词常用一般现在时）；也可用虚拟语气（谓语动词用did/were 或should +动词原形）
Life fell into a regular pattern . Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
Language Points
Para 2
Phrases
fall into
a regular pattern
make fire
animal fat
give off
落入
一个固定的模式/常规
生火
动物脂肪
释放；放出；发出（气体、热量、气味等）
Language Points
make fire 生火
【归纳拓展】与fire 相关的短语汇总：
set fire to 点着了……；放火烧……
catch fire 着火 （强调动作）
be on fire 着火 （强调状态）
put out a fire 灭火
fight a fire 救火
The police haven’t found out who set fire to the storehouse. 警方还没查出是谁放火烧了仓库。
Don’t stand too close to that stove. Your clothes may catch fire. 不要站得太靠近那个火炉，你的衣服可能着火。
At last the firemen put out a big forest fire in California. 消防员终于扑灭了在加利福尼亚州的一场森林大火。
Language Points
give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）；散发出；放射出
【归纳拓展】与give 相关的短语汇总：
give in（to） （向……）让步，屈服于……
give up 放弃
give away 泄露；赠送，分发
give back 归还；使恢复
give out 用完，耗尽；分发，散发
give way to 给……让路；向……让步
Life fell into a regular pattern . Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
Language Points
Para 2
Sentence
Staying alive took all our time and energy.
活着消耗了我们所有的时间和精力。
分析：staying alive 在句中为动名词作主语
Food was also a problem , as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island . One of our group members , Lionel Greenstreet , noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals :" The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures ." If it weren ' t for sea animals , we would all starve . As a chef , it was my duty to cook , so 1 tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could . But it was difficult .
Language Points
Para 3
words and phrases
note v. 记录；注释
be bored with
对......感到厌倦/厌烦
pretty well
几乎
vary v.
变更；改变；变化
Food was also a problem , as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island . One of our group members , Lionel Greenstreet , noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals :" The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures ." If it weren ' t for sea animals , we would all starve . As a chef , it was my duty to cook , so 1 tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could . But it was difficult .
Language Points
Para 3
sentences
要不是海洋生物，我们都得挨饿
分析：if 引导条件状语从句的虚拟语气
句中是日记中对目前的虚拟，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用would/should/ could/might +动词原形
as 引导原因状语从句
how 引导宾语从句
We had to be careful not to go outside too often , as the changing temperatures could make us ill . It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few . The sweat could freeze very quickly . Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires . It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs .
Language Points
Para 4
from 介词
在此处表原因，意为“因为；由于”
We had to be careful not to go outside too often , as the changing temperatures could make us ill . It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few . The sweat could freeze very quickly . Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires . It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs .
Language Points
Para 4
翻译：衣服穿得太多造成过热与衣服穿得太少造成过冷几乎是一样危险的。
分析：it 充当形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式
as+adj.+ as... “和......一样的......”
翻译：我们燃烧动物脂肪取火，冒出的黑烟使我们很多人生病了。
分析：省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰animal fat.
The twenty - two of us lived like this in the cold for four months . Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way . We also celebrated our birthdays , festivals , and even the times when we caught a sea animal . This was an episode in my life that 1 would never forget .
Language Points
Para 5
words and phrases
discipline n. 纪律
disciplined adj.有纪律的
optimistic adj. 乐观的
【反义】 pessimistic adj. 悲观的
deal with 处理
episode （人生的）一段经历；（小说的）片段；插曲
When we were finally rescued , we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears . We were at last free to go home to warm beds , good food , and the care ofour family and friends . Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive . And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death .
Language Points
Para 6
（1）pay back 报答；报复；偿还
【归纳拓展】 pay 相关的短语
pay down 用现金支付；付订金
pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价
pay off 偿清，付清；得到好结果，取得成功
pay up （尤指不情愿地）全部还清，付清
When we were finally rescued , we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears . We were at last free to go home to warm beds , good food , and the care ofour family and friends . Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive . And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death .
Language Points
Para 6
2. commitment n. 承诺；保证；（对工作或某活动）奉献
搭配：make a commitment 做出承诺
【词语积累】
（1）commit v. 犯罪，犯错；承诺；托付
commit sb./oneself to（doing） sth. 承诺/ 保证（做）某事
commit sth./sb. to... 把……交给/ 托付给……
commit an error 犯错
commit （a）crime 犯罪
commit murder 犯谋杀罪
commit suicide 自杀
（2）committed adj. 坚定的；忠诚的
be committed to（doing） sth. 忠于（做）某事
"Success is the result of perfection, hard work, learning, study, and perseverance." — Confucius
成功源于完美、勤奋、学习、研究和毅力 — 孔子
Thanks for listening!
Unit4 Adversity and Courage
Reading and Writing
Learn about optimism and perseverance
Learning Objectives
In this period, we will
1.review the content of the story learned in the previous sections and predict what may happen to the crew members next.
2. read the text “The Reward for Perseverance”and sort out the background of the story in a mind map;
3. based on the whole understanding of the story, write a review to introduce the story briefly , explain the qualites of the characters and your opinions on the story.
Lead in by reviewing
The crew set off for the expedition to Antarctica
excitedly
Firstly
Lead in by reviewing
Endurance got stuck in the ice and sank finally
the ship
the crew
had to abandon the ship and rescued the most essential supplies.
However
Lead in by reviewing
The crew had to camp on Elephant Island miserably
Then
Action
Condition
Problem
Things were from bad to worse
Spring was coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
Shackleton left to find help on South Georgia Island with a few crew members, others were still struggling to survive on Elephant Island.
Lead in by reviewing
So
Warm up by predicting
Prediction
What problems would the people remaining on Elephant Island face
What do you think was the biggest challenge for them
Were they finally rescured
What will happen next
Problems
coldness
homesickness
low spirits
short of food and water
short of clothes
uncertainty for future
...
What was the biggest challenge
Were they finally rescued
Reading
A Reward for Perseverance
Skimming
Task 1
Skim to check the prediction
Were they finally
rescured
Skimming
Task 2
Skim to decide the genre(体裁).
What is the genre of this passage
Diary entry
Autobiography
Memoir
Exposition
回忆录
a narrative written about an important event in the author’s life, focused and with specific scenes
Skimming
Task 3
Skim for the main idea.
What's the main idea of the memoir
(Tips: where who what how when )
On the _______ Island, optimism and faith in Shackleton helped the _______________ who were left behind to persevere in overcoming _________ and till Shackleton's _______ came.
Elephant
crew members
adversity
rescue
Skimming
Task 4
Skim the text, divide it into four parts and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1 ________ A Problems they faced and the solutions
Part 2 ________ B Background of the story
Part 3 ________ C The result: they were finally rescued
Part 4 ________ D Things that helped them tackle the
difficulties
1
2-4
5
6
Task 1
Read for the answers to the following questions.
1.What did the men eat and drink on the island
2.What were the dangers of living on the island
3.How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued
4.What do you think were the key reasons for their survival
Detailed Reading
Check the answers
1.What did the men eat and drink on the island
The men ate the meat of sea creatures and drank water from melted ice.
2.What were the dangers of living on the island
The dangers of living on the island were the changing temperatures , lack of food and water, and the black smoke from burning animal fat .
3.How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued
The men stayed in good spirits by being disciplined and staying positive. They celebrated birthdays , festivals , and every time when they caught a sea animal.
4.What do you think were the key reasons for their survival
I think the key reasons for their survival were their discipline and positive mental attitude, as well as the reliability of Shackleton.
Detailed Reading
Task 2
read for the structure
Read the text carefully and summarize the article structure based on the content and present the article structure using a mind map.
Background of the story
Shackleton and five members left Elephant Island to look for rescue while other crew menbers stayed on the island
Solution
drinking water
melted ice from the ocean
made fire
burn
animal fat
food problem
sea animals
got ill
melted ice from the ocean
Problems they faced
Things that helped
discipline, team spirit, and celebrations of birthdays,festivals, and small achievements.
Result:
they were finally rescued
Task 3
Discussion
1.If you were one of the men on Elephant Island, would you have trusted Shackleton Why or why not
2.What qualities of Shackleton make you trust him or not trust him
qualities of
Shackleton
calm
determined
selfless
fearless
responsible
genuine
persistent
wise ...
perseverant
optimistic
considerate
rational
being rescued, survival,
an unforgettable experience/episode,
Spirits: being optimistic and perseverant when in adversity,
faith in partners ...
Task 4
Thinking
reward
What do you think the word “reward” in the title refers to
The Reward For Perseverance
Writing
Based on the diary entries and the memoir you have read, write an essay about the story of Shackleton and his men on the ship Endurance.
write a review for the story
Task 1
Brainstorm
●How does the author describe Shackleton and his crew members
●What kind of relationship did Shackleton have with his crew
● What struggles did they face
●What were the motives for their actions
● What did you like most about the story
Task 2
Outline Making
Part 1
Summary of the whole story
(who, what, when, where, why, how)
Part 2
What I think about the characters in the story.
(cite examples to explain your thoughts)
Part 3
How the story made you feel and your overall impressions of the expedition.
Tense
past
present &
past
present
Task 3
Useful Expressions
1.探险；远征
2.全体工作人员
3.答应做某事
4.上船
5.不幸的是
6.沉没；下沉
expedition
crew
make a commitment to do sth.
go aboard the ship
unfortunately
sink
part 1 words and phrases
7.放弃
8.决定做某事
9.向某人寻求帮助
10.陷入恐慌
abandon
resolve to do sth.
turn to sb. for help
get into a panic
11.忍耐力；耐久力
12.毅力
13.放弃
endurance
perseverance
give up
Task 3
Useful Expressions
part 2 sentence structures
What impressed me was that ...who…
It was their ... spirits that ...
I was deeply moved/inspired by ...
All in all, I have learned an important lesson from the inspiring story. That is, ...
We should embrace positive attitudes and behave confidently.
Only through persistent pursuit can we ....
Task 4
Draft Making
According to the tasks finished, make your draft on your own. And then exchange drafts with a partner . Use the checklist to give feedback on your partner' s draft.
√ Does the essay contain the main points in the story
√ Is the essay written in the writer ' s own words
√ Does the writer give his / her opinion about the story
√ Does the writer present his / her ideas clearly by using linking words and phrases
a sample writing
This story is about the 1914-1916 expedition by Earnest Shackleton to make the first land crossing of Antarctica. For this task he used the ship Endurance, with a 28- man crew, including one stowaway.
Shackleton is described as calm and brave and takes his crew ' s safety very seriously . The rest of the crew are also brave , though a few are not very positive , and all were at times understandably worried and desperate about their situation . Overall though , they remained positive . This was helped by the good relationship Shackleton had with his crew who trusted him and knew he would do his best to save them.
The crew faced great troubles once Endurance got stuck in the ice . Soon they had to abandon the ship and camp on the ice . They had to face the extreme weather and cold as well as a dangerous environment and all with limited supplies . All of this added to the mental challenge , so they had to maintain a positive state of mind . Shackleton ' s motive was always to make sure his crew survived , and theirs was to last until he had found help.
What I like most about this story is that although their expedition failed in achieving its goal , it was not the disaster it could have been . This was due to Shackleton ' s perseverance in getting help and the crew ' s bravery in surviving for so long . My impression of them is very positive as they must have struggled greatly in such a position of adversity . I felt very happy when I learnt that the whole crew survived.
Assignment
After this section, you must have had a comprehensive and better understanding of the story. Based on your comprehension of the plot and the characters in the story, as well as your imagination, please write a continuation to the story after Shackleton and five other members came back to Elephant Island.
故事续写
基于你对故事情节及故事中人物的把握，根据你的想象，请按照下面各段的提示句，对故事进行合理的续写。
Paragraph 1:
Four months later, Shackleton and five other men suddenly appeared near Elephant Island.
Paragraph 2:
Luckily, we could see the ships and boats in the harbor where we left, and the houses faraway.
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island . It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them . Would they ever return to find us What might happen to them What if they were delayed We felt so alone and desperate . But it was not for long . There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up .
Language Points
Para 1
sail away 远航
Waht if they were delayed
要是他们被耽搁了会怎样呢？
what if “如果/倘使......将会怎样？”
用于引导条件状语从句
分析：此处they were delayed 运用了虚拟语气。
【拓展】what if 引导的条件状语从句可用陈述语气（谓语动词常用一般现在时）；也可用虚拟语气（谓语动词用did/were 或should +动词原形）
Life fell into a regular pattern . Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
Language Points
Para 2
Phrases
fall into
a regular pattern
make fire
animal fat
give off
落入
一个固定的模式/常规
生火
动物脂肪
释放；放出；发出（气体、热量、气味等）
Language Points
make fire 生火
【归纳拓展】与fire 相关的短语汇总：
set fire to 点着了……；放火烧……
catch fire 着火 （强调动作）
be on fire 着火 （强调状态）
put out a fire 灭火
fight a fire 救火
The police haven’t found out who set fire to the storehouse. 警方还没查出是谁放火烧了仓库。
Don’t stand too close to that stove. Your clothes may catch fire. 不要站得太靠近那个火炉，你的衣服可能着火。
At last the firemen put out a big forest fire in California. 消防员终于扑灭了在加利福尼亚州的一场森林大火。
Language Points
give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）；散发出；放射出
【归纳拓展】与give 相关的短语汇总：
give in（to） （向……）让步，屈服于……
give up 放弃
give away 泄露；赠送，分发
give back 归还；使恢复
give out 用完，耗尽；分发，散发
give way to 给……让路；向……让步
Life fell into a regular pattern . Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
Language Points
Para 2
Sentence
Staying alive took all our time and energy.
活着消耗了我们所有的时间和精力。
分析：staying alive 在句中为动名词作主语
Food was also a problem , as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island . One of our group members , Lionel Greenstreet , noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals :" The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures ." If it weren ' t for sea animals , we would all starve . As a chef , it was my duty to cook , so 1 tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could . But it was difficult .
Language Points
Para 3
words and phrases
note v. 记录；注释
be bored with
对......感到厌倦/厌烦
pretty well
几乎
vary v.
变更；改变；变化
Food was also a problem , as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island . One of our group members , Lionel Greenstreet , noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals :" The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures ." If it weren ' t for sea animals , we would all starve . As a chef , it was my duty to cook , so 1 tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could . But it was difficult .
Language Points
Para 3
sentences
要不是海洋生物，我们都得挨饿
分析：if 引导条件状语从句的虚拟语气
句中是日记中对目前的虚拟，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用would/should/ could/might +动词原形
as 引导原因状语从句
how 引导宾语从句
We had to be careful not to go outside too often , as the changing temperatures could make us ill . It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few . The sweat could freeze very quickly . Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires . It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs .
Language Points
Para 4
from 介词
在此处表原因，意为“因为；由于”
We had to be careful not to go outside too often , as the changing temperatures could make us ill . It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few . The sweat could freeze very quickly . Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires . It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs .
Language Points
Para 4
翻译：衣服穿得太多造成过热与衣服穿得太少造成过冷几乎是一样危险的。
分析：it 充当形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式
as+adj.+ as... “和......一样的......”
翻译：我们燃烧动物脂肪取火，冒出的黑烟使我们很多人生病了。
分析：省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰animal fat.
The twenty - two of us lived like this in the cold for four months . Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way . We also celebrated our birthdays , festivals , and even the times when we caught a sea animal . This was an episode in my life that 1 would never forget .
Language Points
Para 5
words and phrases
discipline n. 纪律
disciplined adj.有纪律的
optimistic adj. 乐观的
【反义】 pessimistic adj. 悲观的
deal with 处理
episode （人生的）一段经历；（小说的）片段；插曲
When we were finally rescued , we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears . We were at last free to go home to warm beds , good food , and the care ofour family and friends . Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive . And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death .
Language Points
Para 6
（1）pay back 报答；报复；偿还
【归纳拓展】 pay 相关的短语
pay down 用现金支付；付订金
pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价
pay off 偿清，付清；得到好结果，取得成功
pay up （尤指不情愿地）全部还清，付清
When we were finally rescued , we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears . We were at last free to go home to warm beds , good food , and the care ofour family and friends . Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive . And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death .
Language Points
Para 6
2. commitment n. 承诺；保证；（对工作或某活动）奉献
搭配：make a commitment 做出承诺
【词语积累】
（1）commit v. 犯罪，犯错；承诺；托付
commit sb./oneself to（doing） sth. 承诺/ 保证（做）某事
commit sth./sb. to... 把……交给/ 托付给……
commit an error 犯错
commit （a）crime 犯罪
commit murder 犯谋杀罪
commit suicide 自杀
（2）committed adj. 坚定的；忠诚的
be committed to（doing） sth. 忠于（做）某事
"Success is the result of perfection, hard work, learning, study, and perseverance." — Confucius
成功源于完美、勤奋、学习、研究和毅力 — 孔子
Thanks for listening!