人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Review Useful Structures 语法导学案（表格式）

XB4U2 Iconic Attractions
Discover Useful Structures导学案
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【Learning Objectives】 To review the different meanings and functions of the past participle form. To use the past participle form to express in writing. 【Learning Procedures】 Activity1:Lead in Focus on these–ed form and figure out their uses.Then discuss whether each past participle functions as an attribute, adverbial, predicative, or object complement. 1. Located to the south of the equator ... 2. I'm more interested in meeting people ... 3. After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation. 4. ... with many of the cultural influences contributed by immigrants. 5. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground ... called the didgeridoo. 6. A skilled player can play for a long time ... 7. ... but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! Activity2:Presentation 过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有 含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上，过去分词（短语）与形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可充当 等成分。 一、V-ed作定语 V-ed作定语可分为单个V-ed作定语和V-ed短语作定语。单个V-ed作定语，常放在 ；V-ed短语作定语时要放在 。 1.单个V-ed作定语 a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语时一般兼有 和 的意义。 a broken cup 一个破杯子 a polluted river 一条被污染的河流 b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语时只有 意义。 落叶 fallen leaves 升起的太阳 the risen sun c.单个V-ed作定语，原则上是 的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在习惯上或因为受到某些限制，则放在被修饰词之后。 例如：（1）被修饰词前有all, every等表“全部”概念的词修饰时；He has spent all the money donated. （2）被修饰词前有最高级；This will be the best novel of its kind written. （3）被修饰语过长或有其他定语；Who were the so-called guests invited （4）习惯上作后置定语的V-ed(如left“剩下的”) She always ate the food left. 2. V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于一个 。 a. the color TV set produced last year = the color TV set that was produced last year b. a letter written to me by my daughter= a letter that was written to me by my daughter 3. V-ed有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个 ，前后用 分开。 a.The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. =The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. =Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 二、V-ed作表语 V-ed位于 （如be,get,become, look, feel, seem等）之后，多表示主语的 ，它所体现的是 的特性。She looks disappointed. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的 ，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的 ，强调 。 The cup is broken. 杯子破了。（系表结构） The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打破的。（被动语态） 练习：1. I was too ________ (tire) to walk any further. 2. When he heard the _______ (move) story, he was deeply ________ (move). 3. Tom was more ________ (surprise) than____________ (disappoint) at this news. 4. Both he and I are ________ (satisfy) with the result. 三、V-ed作宾语补足语 V-ed作宾语补足语与宾语有着 ，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的 。表示 的意义。 1.表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice,find等。 When we got to school, we saw the door locked. 2.表示“使，让”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep等。 You'd better keep the guests seated. We're having our car repaired. 3.表示“希望、愿望、命令”意义的动词。如：want, expect, would like, wish, order等。 The teacher wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment. 4.在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. With water heated, we can see the steam. With the matter settled, we all went home. 四、V-ed作状语 V-ed作状语表示被动或完成的动作，可以表示 等。 1.作时间状语 过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个 等引导的时间状语从句。 Once published (=Once it is published), the dictionary will be very popular. 2.作原因状语 过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个 等引导的原因状语从句。 Absorbed in painting (= Because John was absorbed in painting), John didn't notice evening approaching. 3.作条件状语 过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个 等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour (= If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem. 4.作让步状语 过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个 等引导的让步状语从句。 Tired (= Although he was tired), he went on working. 5.作方式或伴随状语 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。 Left alone at home (= Although he was left alone at home), the little boy didn’t feel afraid at all. Activity3:Summary 作定语 位置 单个V-ed作定语，常放在被修饰词之前（特殊情况） V-ed短语要放在被修饰词之后，相当于定语从句 意义 及物动词一般兼有被动和完成的意义 不及物动词作定语时只有完成意义 作表语 位于系动词之后，表示主语的状态或状况，相当于形容词 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词 表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词，如：watch, observe, see等。 表示“使，让”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep等。 作宾补 表示“希望、愿望、命令”意义的动词。如：want, expect等。 在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。 作时间状语时，相当于when, while, after, once等引导。 作原因状语时，相当于as, since, because等引导。 作状语 作条件状语时，相当于if, unless等引导。 作让步状语时，相当于though, although, even if/though等引导 作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。 Activity4:Exercise 1. Watching the __________(finish) painting, Alice couldn't help smiling. 2. The __________(surprise) look on her face suggested that she hadn't known the news before. 3. My computer broke down this morning, and I will get it _________(repair) as soon as possible. 4. When he entered the room, he found the window _______(break). 5. Brian felt __________when he was sitting on the sofa and watching TV. How __________his lifestyle was! (relax) Writing practice（V-ed/v-ing写作训练） Suppose you are Li Daiyu, write a paragraph about your feelings or experiences in Australia using some words in their -ed forms. ▲Located to the south of the equator; ▲A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe; ▲I was convinced that .... ; ▲with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. Sample writing(用所给动词的v-ed或者v-ing完成短文填空） Vancouver is the most attractive city I have ever visited. Among all that I have done in the city, _________(take) a boat ride out into the bay was the most __________(thrill). I was deeply___________(impress)by the magnificent scenery out to the sea. When ________(visit) an island that had wonderful shops _________(sell) crafts and antiques, I was ________(amaze) at the delicate handicrafts and ancient works of art. The next day, it was clear and mild. _________(see) from the top of the mountain, the city was far and beautiful. I was _________(tire) coming down from the mountain while ________(take)a hike in a forest made me __________(refresh).