2024届上海市部分区高三二模英语试题汇编：选词填空（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届上海市部分区高三二模英语试题汇编：选词填空（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-11 09:41:15 | ||
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2024届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编
选词填空
2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. backfire B. compensate C. extend D. impressive E. meaningful F. measure G. needle H. overall I. perceive J. punishment K. typically
Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight
Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens (练身计划) in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well 31 .
For starters, exercise —at least the kind most of us do —is 32 ineffective for weight loss. Take walking, for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s equal to one can of soda —not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
Studies 33 show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week —the amount recommended for good health —typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.
When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not 34 . Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.
In studies where exercise has produced 35 weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often 36 by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.
Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into 37 . How many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner
The point is that we’re more likely to 38 exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.
Of course, the benefits of physical activity 39 well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy.
By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally— and forget about how it moves the 40 on the scale.
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. chaos B. consume C. plentiful D. discharge E. evolutionarily G. freeze H. mechanism I. novel J. subsequently K. unstable F. extent
Science in Images
Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.
A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then 31 the worms for nutrition.
“Nematodes happen to be the most 32 animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, 33 , this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.
The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow 34 the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This 35 differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.
For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of 36 compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37 analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures 38 their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.
Before this study, “we underestimated the 39 to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very 40 approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”
2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. army B. available C. displayed D. reserves E. straight F. inserted
G. additional H. advocates I. initiative J. proven K. existing
A new way to reduce poaching
Researchers are working on a pilot program backed by Russia’s Rosatom Corp to inject rhino horns （犀牛角）with radioactive material, a strategy that could discourage consumption and make it easier to detect illegal trade.
Poachers （偷猎者） killed 394 rhinos in South Africa for their horns last year, government data shows, with public and private game __31__ lacking the resources needed to monitor vast tracts of land and protect the animals that live there. While the toll was a third lower than in 2019 and the sixth __32__ drop, illegal hunting remains the biggest threat to about 20,000 of the animals in the country — the world’s biggest population.
Thousands of __33__ sensors along international borders could be used to detect a small quantity of radioactive material __34__ into the horns, according to James Larkin, a professor at the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg, who has a background in radiation protection and nuclear security. “A whole new __35__ of people could be able to detect the illegal movement of rhino horn,” he said. Some alternate methods of discouraging poaching, including poisoning, dyeing and removing the horns, have raised a variety of opinions as to their virtue and efficacy.
Known as The Rhisotope Project, the new anti-poaching __36__ started earlier this month with the injection of an amino acid（氨基酸） into two rhinos’ horns in order to detect whether the compound will move into the animals’ bodies. Also, __37__ studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose of radioactive material. Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine, as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer, __38__ as a show of wealth and given as gifts.
“If we make it radioactive, these people will be hesitant to buy it,” Larkin said. “We’re pushing on the whole supply chain.”
Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company, the University of Witwatersrand, scientists and private rhino owners are involved in the project. If the method is __39__ feasible, it could also be used to curb illegal trade in elephant ivory.
“Once we have developed the whole project and got to the point where we completed the proof of concept, then we will be making this whole idea __40__ to whoever wants to use it,” Larkin said.
2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. conservation B. relocate C. momentarily D. program E. critical F. initiative G. ensure H. permanently I. additional J. reserve K. unexpected
A team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga, grantee of The Explorers Club Discovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation, discovered three new cryptozoic (living underground) snakes dwelling under graveyards (墓地) and churches in remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador.
It was an exploration that led to the most (31) _______ of places.
First published in the journal, Zookeys, Arteaga and his team named the small brown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and (32) _______ of remote cloud forests in the tropics.
The Discovery Ground Snake (Atractus discovery) was found underground in a small graveyard. Two (33) _______ new species were found near an old church and inside a small school. Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to (34) _______ to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.
Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants (35) _______, a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond. The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures, and (36) _______ the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.
Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP), a(n) (37) _______ seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.
Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin, grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin. Through conservation organization Re:wild, the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of (38) _______ habitat throughout the world.
“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,” says Arteaga. “We have already started the process of establishing a nature (39) _______ to protect the ground snakes. This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles, even if it meant (40) _______ disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”
2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. emerge B. absorbing C. subject D. defining E. movement F. originally
G. course H. universally I. happens J. constant K. corresponds
How Long Is a Second
The length of a second depends on how you’re measuring it. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute — so surely a second is 1/86400, of a day, right Well, it turns out that __31__ time isn’t that simple.
“The second was __32__ based on the length of the day,” Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist at the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., told Live Science. “People observed the sun passing overhead and started measuring its __33__ using sundials (日晷). However, sundials have a few disadvantages. Aside from the obvious problem of not being able to read a sundial when the sun isn’t visible, relying on Earth’s daily turning is surprisingly inaccurate. “The turning is not precisely __34__,” Whibberley said. “The Earth speeds up and slows down over time.” So how can we precisely measure time if using the length of a day is so unreliable
In the 16th century, people turned to technological solutions to this problem, and the first recognizable mechanical clocks began to __35__. The earliest mechanical clocks, which were designed to click at a specific frequency, averaged over the __36__ of a year.
By around 1940, quartz crystal clocks (石英钟) had become the new gold standard. However, problems arose, and this was where atomic clocks came in. “Atoms exist only in particular energy states and can only change from one state to another by __37__ or giving out a fixed amount of energy,” Whibberley explained. “That energy __38__ to a precise frequency, so you can use that frequency as a reference for time keeping.” The astronomical second continued to vary. Every few years, scientists must add a second to allow Earth’s slowing turning to keep up with atomic time.
In fact, scientists are discussing whether it’s time to redefine the second again. But while several important questions still need to be answered before this __39__, it’s clear that the strictly correct definition of a second is __40__ to change.
答案：
2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题
31-35 AKHDE 36-40 BJICG
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
31. B 32. C 33. E 34. G 35. H 36. K 37. J 38. D 39. F 40. I
2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题
31-35 DEKFA 36-40 IGCJB
2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷
31-35 KAIBF 36-40 GDEJC
2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
31-40 D F E J A G B K I C
选词填空
2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. backfire B. compensate C. extend D. impressive E. meaningful F. measure G. needle H. overall I. perceive J. punishment K. typically
Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight
Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens (练身计划) in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well 31 .
For starters, exercise —at least the kind most of us do —is 32 ineffective for weight loss. Take walking, for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s equal to one can of soda —not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
Studies 33 show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week —the amount recommended for good health —typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.
When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not 34 . Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.
In studies where exercise has produced 35 weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often 36 by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.
Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into 37 . How many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner
The point is that we’re more likely to 38 exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.
Of course, the benefits of physical activity 39 well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy.
By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally— and forget about how it moves the 40 on the scale.
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. chaos B. consume C. plentiful D. discharge E. evolutionarily G. freeze H. mechanism I. novel J. subsequently K. unstable F. extent
Science in Images
Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.
A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then 31 the worms for nutrition.
“Nematodes happen to be the most 32 animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, 33 , this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.
The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow 34 the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This 35 differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.
For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of 36 compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37 analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures 38 their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.
Before this study, “we underestimated the 39 to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very 40 approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”
2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. army B. available C. displayed D. reserves E. straight F. inserted
G. additional H. advocates I. initiative J. proven K. existing
A new way to reduce poaching
Researchers are working on a pilot program backed by Russia’s Rosatom Corp to inject rhino horns （犀牛角）with radioactive material, a strategy that could discourage consumption and make it easier to detect illegal trade.
Poachers （偷猎者） killed 394 rhinos in South Africa for their horns last year, government data shows, with public and private game __31__ lacking the resources needed to monitor vast tracts of land and protect the animals that live there. While the toll was a third lower than in 2019 and the sixth __32__ drop, illegal hunting remains the biggest threat to about 20,000 of the animals in the country — the world’s biggest population.
Thousands of __33__ sensors along international borders could be used to detect a small quantity of radioactive material __34__ into the horns, according to James Larkin, a professor at the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg, who has a background in radiation protection and nuclear security. “A whole new __35__ of people could be able to detect the illegal movement of rhino horn,” he said. Some alternate methods of discouraging poaching, including poisoning, dyeing and removing the horns, have raised a variety of opinions as to their virtue and efficacy.
Known as The Rhisotope Project, the new anti-poaching __36__ started earlier this month with the injection of an amino acid（氨基酸） into two rhinos’ horns in order to detect whether the compound will move into the animals’ bodies. Also, __37__ studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose of radioactive material. Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine, as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer, __38__ as a show of wealth and given as gifts.
“If we make it radioactive, these people will be hesitant to buy it,” Larkin said. “We’re pushing on the whole supply chain.”
Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company, the University of Witwatersrand, scientists and private rhino owners are involved in the project. If the method is __39__ feasible, it could also be used to curb illegal trade in elephant ivory.
“Once we have developed the whole project and got to the point where we completed the proof of concept, then we will be making this whole idea __40__ to whoever wants to use it,” Larkin said.
2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. conservation B. relocate C. momentarily D. program E. critical F. initiative G. ensure H. permanently I. additional J. reserve K. unexpected
A team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga, grantee of The Explorers Club Discovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation, discovered three new cryptozoic (living underground) snakes dwelling under graveyards (墓地) and churches in remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador.
It was an exploration that led to the most (31) _______ of places.
First published in the journal, Zookeys, Arteaga and his team named the small brown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and (32) _______ of remote cloud forests in the tropics.
The Discovery Ground Snake (Atractus discovery) was found underground in a small graveyard. Two (33) _______ new species were found near an old church and inside a small school. Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to (34) _______ to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.
Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants (35) _______, a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond. The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures, and (36) _______ the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.
Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP), a(n) (37) _______ seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.
Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin, grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin. Through conservation organization Re:wild, the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of (38) _______ habitat throughout the world.
“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,” says Arteaga. “We have already started the process of establishing a nature (39) _______ to protect the ground snakes. This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles, even if it meant (40) _______ disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”
2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. emerge B. absorbing C. subject D. defining E. movement F. originally
G. course H. universally I. happens J. constant K. corresponds
How Long Is a Second
The length of a second depends on how you’re measuring it. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute — so surely a second is 1/86400, of a day, right Well, it turns out that __31__ time isn’t that simple.
“The second was __32__ based on the length of the day,” Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist at the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., told Live Science. “People observed the sun passing overhead and started measuring its __33__ using sundials (日晷). However, sundials have a few disadvantages. Aside from the obvious problem of not being able to read a sundial when the sun isn’t visible, relying on Earth’s daily turning is surprisingly inaccurate. “The turning is not precisely __34__,” Whibberley said. “The Earth speeds up and slows down over time.” So how can we precisely measure time if using the length of a day is so unreliable
In the 16th century, people turned to technological solutions to this problem, and the first recognizable mechanical clocks began to __35__. The earliest mechanical clocks, which were designed to click at a specific frequency, averaged over the __36__ of a year.
By around 1940, quartz crystal clocks (石英钟) had become the new gold standard. However, problems arose, and this was where atomic clocks came in. “Atoms exist only in particular energy states and can only change from one state to another by __37__ or giving out a fixed amount of energy,” Whibberley explained. “That energy __38__ to a precise frequency, so you can use that frequency as a reference for time keeping.” The astronomical second continued to vary. Every few years, scientists must add a second to allow Earth’s slowing turning to keep up with atomic time.
In fact, scientists are discussing whether it’s time to redefine the second again. But while several important questions still need to be answered before this __39__, it’s clear that the strictly correct definition of a second is __40__ to change.
答案：
2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题
31-35 AKHDE 36-40 BJICG
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
31. B 32. C 33. E 34. G 35. H 36. K 37. J 38. D 39. F 40. I
2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题
31-35 DEKFA 36-40 IGCJB
2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷
31-35 KAIBF 36-40 GDEJC
2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
31-40 D F E J A G B K I C