2024届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编：概要写作（含答案）
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2024届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编
概要写作
2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Paying Allowances for Completing Chores
The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago. Nowadays, American kids on average receive about $800 per year in allowance. But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework. Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way.
Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. “Kids should do chores,” he writes, “for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation.”
This argument has its critics, but considering the way chores are undertaken around the world may change people’s thinking. Professor David Lancy of Utah State University has studied how families around the world handle chores. At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment. Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s attempts to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, “when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as a stimulus to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it.”
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your Head
We all get a sensation when a song, for no apparent reason, refuses to leave your head – in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded “ear-worm.” But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.
To do this, most frequent ear-worms of the participants were entered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all. The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music. A classic example of a common contour（音调的升降曲线）pattern is heard in Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls. This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes, but also in pop music.
In addition to the melodic shape, the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual. “Our findings show that you can, to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,” says one of the researchers, “This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle（短歌）everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”
The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.
2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Exploring the Appeal of Vintage
Today, the term “vintage” applies to almost everything. Vintage is more recent than an antique（古董）which is defined as 100 years old or more. It basically means reviving something old-fashioned or filled with memories. For an object to be considered vintage, it must be unique and genuine enough to retain at least some of its original charm.
We buy vintage because it creates a sense of personal connection for us: it speaks to our childhood memories and that feels good. We also buy vintage because we’re rebels. Vintage is a protest against modern mainstream culture. In an age of technology, buying vintage is a refuge from our fast-paced, high-tech world. We want our children to make the most of their creativity and know how to entertain themselves without electronic gadgets. Ironically, early video games are now considered vintage.
Of all the vintage objects, vintage toys are forever attractive for both adults and children. Although some toys have emotional value, others have high market value and are expensive to collect. Vintage toys that were made in small quantities often bring a higher value than those that were mass produced. That means, if you own one of the 2,000 “Peanuts” royal blue beanie baby elephants that were manufactured with a darker blue coat than originally intended, you might have something valuable on your hands. In fact, due to a manufacturer error, this is the most collectible beanie baby around — and worth about 3,000.
If you’re motivated and feeling lucky, you can find deals on vintage toys by browsing charity shops, secondhand stores, community centers, flea markets and garage sales. You never know what kind of treasures are hiding at the bottom of a mixed box in someone’s basement, garage or attic.
2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Evolution of Robotics: A Journey from Imagination to Reality
The development of robots represents a fascinating journey from mere imagination to practical reality. Over the years, advancements in technology and engineering have pushed the evolution of robots, transforming them from simple mechanical devices to complicated machines capable of copying human behavior and performing complex tasks.
The history of robotics dates back centuries, with early concepts of mechanical beings found in ancient stories and legends. However, it was not until the 20th century that significant progress was made in the field of robotics. The appearance of industrial robots in the mid-20th century revolutionized manufacturing processes, leading to increased efficiency and productivity in factories around the world.
One of the most significant milestones in the development of robots was the invention of the programmable robot arm by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger in the 1950s. This innovation paved the way for the widespread adoption of robots in industrial settings, where they could perform repetitive tasks with correctness and accuracy.
Another milestone was the introduction of the first autonomous mobile robot, Shakey, developed by researchers at Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s. Shakey demonstrated the potential of robots to navigate and interact with their environment autonomously, laying the foundation for future advancements in robotics.
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has been instrumental in pushing the boundaries of robotics. AI-powered robots are capable of learning from their experiences, making decisions, and adapting to new situations. This has enabled the creation of social robots, such as Pepper and Sophia, which can interact with humans in meaningful ways.
In recent years, there have been significant advancements in robotics, particularly in areas such as medical robotics, autonomous vehicles, and humanoid robots. Medical robots, for example, are being used for minimally invasive surgeries, precision medication delivery, and patient care. Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing transportation, with companies like Tesla and Waymo developing self-driving cars. Meanwhile, humanoid robots like Boston Dynamics' Atlas are pushing the boundaries of what robots can achieve, with capabilities such as dynamic movement and dexterity.
2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71.
Less Snowy Winters
Winter might mean snowball fights in many places. But this might not be the case for much longer. While many people around the world are currently experiencing heavy snowfall, Earth is getting less snowy — a trend that isn’t temporary. That’s because the planet is heating up and winter is warming faster than any other season in America. The water falling to earth in winter is more commonly falling as raindrops than snow.
With water falling as rain instead of snow, and then freezing, some animals may struggle to feed on grass on frozen ground. Species with white coats could be at higher risk of being eaten as food, while polar bears may have fewer options to build their snowy habitations. Not every species can adapt or move to snowier climates, which may cause the extinction of some animals.
As air temperatures warm, trees release water into the atmosphere through a process called evapotranspiration, loss of water from the soil. When there hasn’t been much snow, the soil can’t replace lost moisture, and forests experience more heat stress, making severe wildfires more likely. “When a fire does spark, it runs away as fast as possible and burns as much area as it can,” says Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist at UC Berkeley’s Central Sierra Snow Laboratory.
For humans, less snowfall is “problematic because snow supplies so much of our water,” says Schwartz. About 1.9 billion people rely on snowpacks and big mass of ice for drinking water. Snow on the mountains acts like a natural lake used to store water. As it slowly melts into streams, snow supplies water through spring and summer, while rain flows immediately downstream and can be wasted. “It becomes more difficult to manage our water when we have these wild swings from year to year,” says Schwartz.
答案：
2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题
71. (60 words)
Paying children allowances for chores is quite common in America. However, critics hold that chores are necessary for the maintenance of household and that they shouldn’t be tied to payment. In contrast with many other cultures, where children are involved in housework at early ages without payment, critics propose Americans shifting from financial incentives to intrinsic motivation for household contributions.
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
A study dives into the lingering effect of earworms. By comparing ear-worms and other songs, researchers find that earworms share common melodic shapes easy to remember. Besides, unique interval structures including surprising leaps and repeated notes also help form earworms. To conclude, the study may help us understand the brain’s working mechanism in different people.
2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题
Vintage items, newer than antiques, rejuvenate old-fashioned or nostalgic items, necessitating uniqueness and genuine charm. Buying vintage can foster personal connections and reflect rebellion against mainstream culture. Vintage toys hold enduring appeal for both adults and children due to their emotional and market value. Vintage toys can be discovered in various loacations, offering opportunities for treasure hunting. (57 words)
2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Robotics development has been driven by technology and engineering advancements. Robotics has made significant progress from industrial robots to programmable robot arms and autonomous mobile robots, thus increasing efficiency, productivity, correctness, accuracy, and laying foundation for future. AI has enabled the creation of social robots to interact with humans. Recent advancements include medical robotics, self-driving cars, and humanoid robots.
2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
71. Winter is becoming less snowy due to global warming. This threatens the survival of various animal species as they cannot find food or adapt to this change. Less snow also increases the risk of severe wildfires, with less moisture in the soil. Additionally, it affects humans, as managing water becomes more difficult with unpredictable changes in snowfall. (57 words)
V. Translation
72. During the interview, he tried his best to make it clear that he was experienced/with rich experience/had rich experience.
73. The recent popular TV series (has) aroused many people’s enthusiasm for learning Shanghai dialect.
74．Tourist destinations are full of visitors, which illustrates/interprets people’s pursuit of a beautiful/good life and presents a booming economy.
75．In (the) face of an increasingly serious aging issue, the “silver economy” is intended to respond to the core concerns of the elderly (people), strengthen their sense of happiness, and introduce new driving force into the economy.
7
概要写作
2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Paying Allowances for Completing Chores
The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago. Nowadays, American kids on average receive about $800 per year in allowance. But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework. Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way.
Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. “Kids should do chores,” he writes, “for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation.”
This argument has its critics, but considering the way chores are undertaken around the world may change people’s thinking. Professor David Lancy of Utah State University has studied how families around the world handle chores. At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment. Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s attempts to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, “when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as a stimulus to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it.”
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your Head
We all get a sensation when a song, for no apparent reason, refuses to leave your head – in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded “ear-worm.” But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.
To do this, most frequent ear-worms of the participants were entered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all. The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music. A classic example of a common contour（音调的升降曲线）pattern is heard in Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls. This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes, but also in pop music.
In addition to the melodic shape, the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual. “Our findings show that you can, to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,” says one of the researchers, “This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle（短歌）everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”
The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.
2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Exploring the Appeal of Vintage
Today, the term “vintage” applies to almost everything. Vintage is more recent than an antique（古董）which is defined as 100 years old or more. It basically means reviving something old-fashioned or filled with memories. For an object to be considered vintage, it must be unique and genuine enough to retain at least some of its original charm.
We buy vintage because it creates a sense of personal connection for us: it speaks to our childhood memories and that feels good. We also buy vintage because we’re rebels. Vintage is a protest against modern mainstream culture. In an age of technology, buying vintage is a refuge from our fast-paced, high-tech world. We want our children to make the most of their creativity and know how to entertain themselves without electronic gadgets. Ironically, early video games are now considered vintage.
Of all the vintage objects, vintage toys are forever attractive for both adults and children. Although some toys have emotional value, others have high market value and are expensive to collect. Vintage toys that were made in small quantities often bring a higher value than those that were mass produced. That means, if you own one of the 2,000 “Peanuts” royal blue beanie baby elephants that were manufactured with a darker blue coat than originally intended, you might have something valuable on your hands. In fact, due to a manufacturer error, this is the most collectible beanie baby around — and worth about 3,000.
If you’re motivated and feeling lucky, you can find deals on vintage toys by browsing charity shops, secondhand stores, community centers, flea markets and garage sales. You never know what kind of treasures are hiding at the bottom of a mixed box in someone’s basement, garage or attic.
2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Evolution of Robotics: A Journey from Imagination to Reality
The development of robots represents a fascinating journey from mere imagination to practical reality. Over the years, advancements in technology and engineering have pushed the evolution of robots, transforming them from simple mechanical devices to complicated machines capable of copying human behavior and performing complex tasks.
The history of robotics dates back centuries, with early concepts of mechanical beings found in ancient stories and legends. However, it was not until the 20th century that significant progress was made in the field of robotics. The appearance of industrial robots in the mid-20th century revolutionized manufacturing processes, leading to increased efficiency and productivity in factories around the world.
One of the most significant milestones in the development of robots was the invention of the programmable robot arm by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger in the 1950s. This innovation paved the way for the widespread adoption of robots in industrial settings, where they could perform repetitive tasks with correctness and accuracy.
Another milestone was the introduction of the first autonomous mobile robot, Shakey, developed by researchers at Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s. Shakey demonstrated the potential of robots to navigate and interact with their environment autonomously, laying the foundation for future advancements in robotics.
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has been instrumental in pushing the boundaries of robotics. AI-powered robots are capable of learning from their experiences, making decisions, and adapting to new situations. This has enabled the creation of social robots, such as Pepper and Sophia, which can interact with humans in meaningful ways.
In recent years, there have been significant advancements in robotics, particularly in areas such as medical robotics, autonomous vehicles, and humanoid robots. Medical robots, for example, are being used for minimally invasive surgeries, precision medication delivery, and patient care. Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing transportation, with companies like Tesla and Waymo developing self-driving cars. Meanwhile, humanoid robots like Boston Dynamics' Atlas are pushing the boundaries of what robots can achieve, with capabilities such as dynamic movement and dexterity.
2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71.
Less Snowy Winters
Winter might mean snowball fights in many places. But this might not be the case for much longer. While many people around the world are currently experiencing heavy snowfall, Earth is getting less snowy — a trend that isn’t temporary. That’s because the planet is heating up and winter is warming faster than any other season in America. The water falling to earth in winter is more commonly falling as raindrops than snow.
With water falling as rain instead of snow, and then freezing, some animals may struggle to feed on grass on frozen ground. Species with white coats could be at higher risk of being eaten as food, while polar bears may have fewer options to build their snowy habitations. Not every species can adapt or move to snowier climates, which may cause the extinction of some animals.
As air temperatures warm, trees release water into the atmosphere through a process called evapotranspiration, loss of water from the soil. When there hasn’t been much snow, the soil can’t replace lost moisture, and forests experience more heat stress, making severe wildfires more likely. “When a fire does spark, it runs away as fast as possible and burns as much area as it can,” says Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist at UC Berkeley’s Central Sierra Snow Laboratory.
For humans, less snowfall is “problematic because snow supplies so much of our water,” says Schwartz. About 1.9 billion people rely on snowpacks and big mass of ice for drinking water. Snow on the mountains acts like a natural lake used to store water. As it slowly melts into streams, snow supplies water through spring and summer, while rain flows immediately downstream and can be wasted. “It becomes more difficult to manage our water when we have these wild swings from year to year,” says Schwartz.
答案：
2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题
71. (60 words)
Paying children allowances for chores is quite common in America. However, critics hold that chores are necessary for the maintenance of household and that they shouldn’t be tied to payment. In contrast with many other cultures, where children are involved in housework at early ages without payment, critics propose Americans shifting from financial incentives to intrinsic motivation for household contributions.
2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
A study dives into the lingering effect of earworms. By comparing ear-worms and other songs, researchers find that earworms share common melodic shapes easy to remember. Besides, unique interval structures including surprising leaps and repeated notes also help form earworms. To conclude, the study may help us understand the brain’s working mechanism in different people.
2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题
Vintage items, newer than antiques, rejuvenate old-fashioned or nostalgic items, necessitating uniqueness and genuine charm. Buying vintage can foster personal connections and reflect rebellion against mainstream culture. Vintage toys hold enduring appeal for both adults and children due to their emotional and market value. Vintage toys can be discovered in various loacations, offering opportunities for treasure hunting. (57 words)
2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Robotics development has been driven by technology and engineering advancements. Robotics has made significant progress from industrial robots to programmable robot arms and autonomous mobile robots, thus increasing efficiency, productivity, correctness, accuracy, and laying foundation for future. AI has enabled the creation of social robots to interact with humans. Recent advancements include medical robotics, self-driving cars, and humanoid robots.
2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
71. Winter is becoming less snowy due to global warming. This threatens the survival of various animal species as they cannot find food or adapt to this change. Less snow also increases the risk of severe wildfires, with less moisture in the soil. Additionally, it affects humans, as managing water becomes more difficult with unpredictable changes in snowfall. (57 words)
V. Translation
72. During the interview, he tried his best to make it clear that he was experienced/with rich experience/had rich experience.
73. The recent popular TV series (has) aroused many people’s enthusiasm for learning Shanghai dialect.
74．Tourist destinations are full of visitors, which illustrates/interprets people’s pursuit of a beautiful/good life and presents a booming economy.
75．In (the) face of an increasingly serious aging issue, the “silver economy” is intended to respond to the core concerns of the elderly (people), strengthen their sense of happiness, and introduce new driving force into the economy.
7