2024届高考英语七选五题型特点-解题思路 导学案（无答案）

习题课 高考英语七选五题型特点-解题思路-技巧及训练
班级_________ 姓名___________ 日期________
学习目标 掌握七选五的解题思路和技巧
一. 前置研究：
1.题目要求：根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
高考大纲要求：《考试说明》对该题型命题的目的表达为“主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”
2.考查方式
1.篇： 主旨句，即对文章整体内容的理解
2.段：过渡句，注意文章结构
3.句：注释句，注意上下文逻辑
选项中的多余两项可以通过以上特点排除，如过于宽泛，以偏概全，或者偏离主题的句子， 与文章行文结构不一致的句子，与上下文脱节的句子等应为多余选项。
二. 解题思路：
1.看位置： 是段首段中还是段尾
2.找词汇： 锁定选项与文中信息相关联的词汇
3.思逻辑：思考选项与文中信息是否符合行文逻辑
三. 解题策略
1.标题型
（1）大标题----短小精悍，大写。
（2）小标题----短小精悍，形式统一，多为名词性短语或祈使句
2.首句型
（1）首段首句，点出主题，引出下文。
（2）中间段首句，本段主题，上下文承接。
（3）末段首句，文章主题，总结全文。
3.段中型---细辨关系， 注意关键词衔接
（1） 词汇线索，包括代词， 同义词，近义词，反义词，原词复现。
（2）逻辑关系线索，包括并列递进， 转折对比，顺序因果，解释例证。
4.段尾型
承上启下作用或与上文存有某种逻辑关系或结论句
四.解题步骤
1.看标题副标题，预测文章大意,如果有的话。
2.如果没有标题，先看选项，注意选项句首的连词，如If，But, And, However, 等等；注意句子中的代词，如it, he, she, this, that，they等等，代词一般指代上文中提到的事物, 因此有代词的选项，要弄清代词指代什么。 用笔把这些词划下划线标注。
3.通读全文，注重看空前空后的句子中出现的代词或名词性短语；注意文章行文结构，注意句式，例如，某段首句是空，而其它段开头都是祈使句，那么这个空应该也要填祈使句，那就在选项中找祈使句，如果选项中只有一个祈使句，那么就是它；如果有两个或以上祈使句，再看其是否能够概括该段的主题，再锁定答案。
4.灵活掌握答题顺序，第一空一般先不要选，先易后难，先选确定的空，再逐步缩小包围圈。建议将阿拉伯题号写在选项字母前。
5.代入答案，通读判断是否通顺，可以将多余选项代入文中，确定排除。
五. 实战演练,小试牛刀（先独立完成，然后小组讨论合作探究）
1. 词汇复现。词汇复现是指文章上下文不同位置对同一概念进行重复描述，以保证前后衔接，主要包括原词复现，同义词复现，近义词复现，反义词复现，派生词复现,同范畴词等。同范畴词。 同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。例如，fruit----apple, banana, pear, sports----running, swimming, jumping, furniture----bed, table, chair.
Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress
Everybody gets stressed from time to time. 1_____. Some ways of dealing with stress -like screaming or hitting someone一don't solve much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.
Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed:
(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives. 2____ They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
(2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's not good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself.3———
(3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business.4______.Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.
(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 5_____
A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don't forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.
2.代词指代。英语表达中代词出现的 频率极高。 代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。巧妙利用指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确快速地解题。
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it’s easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
Schedule yearly exams. 1_____. Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
Protect against UV rays(紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses. 2________.
Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 3_____. Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
4______. As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses（隐形眼镜）. Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 5_____.Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
3. 逻辑关系衔接。
并列关系：First或Firstly, Second或Secondly---, First, then, next; In the first place, in the second place---, for one thing, for the other thing----
递进关系： besides, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, to make matters worse---
因果关系： so, therefore, consequently, as a result, as a result of , because, because of, since, as,---
解释例证关系： for example, for instance, that is to say, namely, in other words, ----
转折对比关系：but, however, yet, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, nevertheless, still, in contrast, ----
概括归纳关系：in short, in summary, in general, in conclusion, to conclude, briefly speaking, generally speaking, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, -----
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways1_______.Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.2____. Whenever or wherever you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.3______.
The following methods may work best for you.
●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
● Write your notes in your own words.
● 4_______.
● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand. When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time.5______.
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
4. 相似句式。比如上题中的第4空，应和其它句子一样，用祈使句。
A（第2空）
For people with thousands of pages to read, speed reading seems like a manna from heaven. In addition, speed reading helps lighten the load of information you have to absorb since it provides a filter that you can use in screening all bits of information before you approach them.
1_____.Examining how much information you need will help you identify how you should read a certain document to maximize your learning and comprehension. Thorough reading may no longer be necessary in some cases, such as when you only need an outline of a certain document.
Another skill that can ease the burden of a reader is the ability to read words in blocks. Make sure you do not spend too long on a certain block. 2_____.This also makes reading less tiresome and boring.
To master this important skill, you have to practice reading more and more words in a certain block at one time. A suggestion shared by some experts regarding this step is to increase the distance between you and the document you are reading. If you can read more and more words in one block, you can cut down on the time it usually takes you to read a certain text and you will be able to read more in a shorter period.
Readers should also practice reducing the number of times they go back to previous sections or blocks. Using a pointer such as the tip of a pencil or pen can also help to make the flow of your reading smoother and faster. 3____.Thus, your speed in reading will largely depend on the speed of the movement of your pointer.
If you still find yourself confused about the topic even after you have finished reading the document, do not re-read right away. Re-reading immediately will just lead to slower speed in reading.4______.Getting your own reading corner will also help.
5______.Continue practicing and practicing the techniques aforementioned and soon, you'll achieve the reading speed that will work best for you.
A. In this technique, your eyes will follow the tip of the pointer.
B. This saves time and reduces the effort that you have to make.
C. Taking a short break first is recommended before reading the material again.
D. As a final note, the most important point is consistent and deliberate practice.
E. Your invaluable time can be saved if you can have your reading speed doubled.
F. The first step to increase your reading speed is to identify the specific information you need.
G. Reducing the time you spend on a specific number of words in a block will make no difference.
B（第40空）
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 . Here is how to make one.
37 . In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 . That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39 .
Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 . If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.
综合运用举例：The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking.__1__ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk－takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring.__2__As the quality of risk－taking was passed from one generation to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then Well，even 200，000 years ago，too much risk－taking could get one killed. A few daring survived，though，along with a few stay－in－the－cave types. As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it.__3__.
No matter where you are on the risk－seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.__4__ To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
__5__ For the risk－seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk－seeking ,we’ll continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
It all depends on your character.
B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D．Thus, these well－equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
教师总结： 词汇是基础，理解是关键。
阅读是学习任何语言的方法和目的。 博览群书，博闻强记，只有通过大量有益的阅读，才能拓展我们的语言能力，帮助我们获取所需的语言信息。阅读分为有声的朗读和默读，每天应抽出时间，大声朗读文章或对话，深刻体会篇章脉络，对于生词更要多次反复，加深记忆；默读适用于考试和平时阅读文章以获取有用信息，每读完一篇文章，要将生词解决，查清音标，词性，意思和固定搭配，记录在笔记本上或记在出处，早读和其它空闲时间，拿出来朗读背诵。
自己小结：_________________________________________________
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课后作业： A Everyone knows that fish is good for health.__1__But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult._2_This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
__3__Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.
4__When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish.__5__First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，it’s ready to serve.
Do not buy it.
B．The easiest is to steam it.
C．This is how you can do it.
D．It just requires a little knowledge.
E．The fish will go bad within hours.
F．When buying fish，you should first smell it.
G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
B This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. _1.__ They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __2._ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool
First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. __3._ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. __4.__
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.__ 5._ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity, Coke or Post-it notes.
D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.