专题05 动词--2024年广东中考英语二轮语法与题型复习解题微技巧

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2024年广东中考英语二轮语法与题型复习解题微技巧
专题05 动词
动词与语法选择
分析近三年广东中考语法选择可知，动词时态、语态和动词不定式是必考点，每年各考1题。
1.近三年对动词时态的考查主要是一般过去时、一般将来时与现在完成时。在做题时可以通过以下要素来判断时态：(1)上下文语境；(2)时间状语标志词；(3)段落中或并列的动词。
①(2023广东)Now David 　40　 space science.He has made up his mind to be a space engineer in the future.
A.study　　 B.is studying　　 C.was studying
(根据标志词Now可判断用现在进行时，选B。)
②(2022广东)She 　39　 herself that she still had a long way to go and that she should keep practicing.
A.tell　 B.tells　 C.told
(根据句中的had 判断是一般过去时，选C。)
③(2021广东)Now， the city is hoping that the bridge 　37　 lots of tourists to the area.
A.brought　 B.will bring　 C.is bringing　 D.was bringing
(根据主句中的hoping“希望”提示及句子语境可知用一般将来时，故选B。)
2.近三年对语态的考查都考了一般过去时的被动语态。做题步骤如下：
(1)确定主语和谓语动词之间的语态关系(主动或者被动)；
(2)确定时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时)；
(3)确保一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态中be动词的形式正确
①(2023广东)At the age of seven,David had his first astronaut training experience.He and his parents 　33　 to a Family Space Camp.
A.invited　 B.are invited　 C.were invited
(1.确定主语He and his parents和谓语动词invite之间构成被动关系：invite his parents and him to a Family Space Camp→he and his parents are invited to a Family Space Camp；2.根据前一句的had判断用一般过去时的被动语态，选C。)
②(2022广东) Students in the school 　37　 to get up at 6：45 a.m.to practice their basic skills. But she got up at 6：00 in the morning.
A.ask　 B.asked　 C.were asked
(1.确定主语Students和谓语ask之间是被动关系： ask students to get up → students are asked to get up； 2.根据句中的got判断应用一般过去时的被动语态； 3.主语Students是复数，故be动词用were，选C。)
3.近三年对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式。针对该考点，考生可通过固定搭配与句子成分分析法来确定答案。
(1)固定搭配
①(2023广东)I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp,and I don’t even need 　39　 the earth.
A.leave　 B.leaving　 C.to leave
(固定搭配：need to do sth.需要做某事，选C。)
②(2022广东)One day， the teacher told her 　34　 a test.
A.take　 B.to take　 C.taking
(固定搭配： tell sb.to do sth. 告诉某人做某事， 选B。)
(2)句子成分分析法
①(2021广东)Many tourists， they believe， will come 　38　 the fantastic experience of walking across.
A.enjoy B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy
(enjoy the fantastic experience是come的目的，用to do 作目的状语，选D。)
动词与完形填空
广东近五年中考完形填空中，主要考查实义动词词义的辨析。动词共考查了17次(每年必考2~3题)，其中动词的辨析考查了9次(每年必考1~2题)，动词短语辨析考查了8次。 其中15次以语境推断法来确定答案，2次以固定搭配法来确定答案。
1.语境推断法
根据上下文的语境提示或暗示，身临其境地理解事件发生的语境，体验语境和作者的情感态度，推断出符合场景的最佳选项。
①(2023广东)Now it was time to return home.When she entered the house， Mum and Dad were 　48　 her on the sofa.
A.waiting for B.laughing at C.looking after D.learning from
(句意：现在是时候回家了。当她进到屋里，爸爸和妈妈正在沙发上等她。wait for等候；laugh at嘲笑；look after照顾；learn from向……学习。根据上文“当她进到屋里”可推断爸爸妈妈是在等她，故选A。)
②(2022广东)They decided to 　47　 what they grew in their garden…People would stop by and leave with some vegetables.
A.eat　 B.sell　 C.share　 D.cook
(句意：他们决定分享他们在花园里种的东西。eat吃；sell出售；share分享；cook烹饪。下文说到人们来访，走的时候会带一些蔬菜，说明他们分享了他们的劳动成果，故选C。)
2.固定搭配法
①(2023广东)Each of them was 　49　 a baby in their arms.“Now you have a sister and a brother!”Dad said.
A.hiding　 B.training　 C.walking　 D.holding
(句意：他们每人手上抱着一个婴儿。hold…in one’s arms抱着……，是固定搭配，故选D。)
②(2021广东)This job is to 　47　 the earth from germs (细菌) on things brought back from other planets.
A.move B.protect C.pull D.collect
(句意：这份工作的职责是保护地球免受附着在从其他星球带回来的物品上的细菌的侵害。move移动； protect保护； pull拉；collect收集。固定搭配：protect…from… 保护……免受伤害。故选B。)
动词与短文填空
动词的类型有很多，有实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词等。2023年广东中考短文填空在形式上发生了变化，改为选词填空，其中备选项有3个动词，结合了时态和词形变化来考查。
做题时：1.判断所填单词的词性；2.根据上下文、固定搭配 (短语) 确定单词；3.如要填动词时，注意其形式。以下是中考真题中动词在短文填空中的考查。
1.空格前有情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,should,need…)时加动词原形。
(2023广东)It might 69._______ the world’s earliest form of toothbrushes.(情态动词might后面be动词用原形。)
2.空格前有标志词to时，后面的动词保留原形(be/get used to， pay attention to,look forward to等几个后接动词-ing形式的短语除外)。
①(2020 广东)She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clothes to _______and toys to play with.(动词不定式作为后置定语修饰clothes，和下文的to play with修饰toys的结构一样，故填动词原形wear。)
②(2019广东)I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to _______a photo of that painting and me.(ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事，是固定结构，故take用动词原形。)
3.空格前有助动词(do,does,did,will,would…)时后加动词原形(助动词be和have除外)。
① I’m upset these days.I have a problem,and I do not _______how to deal with it.(助动词do not后面know用动词原形。)
② Will you _______to my birthday party tonight？(助动词will后面come用动词原形。)
4.使役动词(make,have,let…) 和某些固定句型(祈使句或 it is+adj.+to do等)用动词原形。
① Let’s_______ football after school， OK？(根据Let’s可知play用动词原形。)
② So， my grandfather came to America.“I had thought it was easy to_______ money in America，”he told me.(句型：it’s+adj.+to do sth.，故make 用动词原形。)
5.短文填空要考查动词短语
①(2020广东)With the help of her mother， Jane _______up her first lemonade stand(摊档).In a week， it made $52.(set up意为“建立，设立”，设立了柠檬水摊档。根据made可知，此处填set的过去式set。)
②(2018 广东)Each time they were about to give up， their father _______them up.(cheer up意为“使振作，使某人高兴”，父亲让他们振作起来。根据were可知，此处填cheered。)
动词与回答问题
在回答问题题型中，部分问句由助动词(does/did)后面跟动词原形构成。 在回答问题的时候，要注意动词在陈述句中的形式，如：过去式和第三人称单数形式等。部分含助动词和情态动词的问句和陈述句中的谓语动词一律用原形。
例1(2023广东)Scientists explain that during sleep time your brain reviews your experiences in the day.
77.When does the brain review your experiences in the day？
答案：During sleep time./The brain reviews our experiences in the day during sleep time.
(问句中借助助动词does构成疑问句，实义动词用原形；完整回答时谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数reviews。)
例2(2023广东)They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks.
79.What might help you get higher marks according to the passage？
答案：A sweet dream./A sweet dream might help us get higher marks.
(问句是含有情态动词might的特殊疑问句，完整回答也要用might。)
巩固提升
一、单项填空
( )1.—How beautiful the paper cutting is! Who made it？
—It _______be Linda.She’s the only one that can make it in our class.
A.must　 B.would　 C.can　 D.could
( )2.—Excuse me， but we _______wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
A.might　 B.would　 C.could　 D.should
( )3.—Dad， what are you cooking？ It _______so good.
—The main dish for our dinner.You will like it.
A.gets　 B.smells　 C.sounds　 D.tastes
( )4.The scarf _______soft.I like it very much.
A.tastes　 B.feels　 C.sounds D.smells
( )5.—Your skirt _______so special.
—Oh yes， it’s very popular these days.It’s a horse-face skirt.
looks　 B.smells　 C.tastes D.sounds
( )61.—Sally， I _______the picture already.
—Wow， truly beautiful!
A.finish B.have finished C.was finishing
( )7.—Oh， I’m nearly lost in this city.
—Yeah.The city _______a lot since you left.
A.has changed B.changed C.changes
( )8.—Mum， where is Tony？
—He _______to watch a football match.He will be back later.
A.has gone B.went C.goes
( )9.This book must be great.My sister _______it five times.
A.reads B.has read C.is reading D.was reading
( )10.Mr. Smith _______at the Natural History Museum for more than 10 years， so he knows a lot about insects.
is working　 B.has worked　 C.was working　 D.will work
答案详解：
1.A 由后一句“She’s the only one that can make it in our class.“可知前面是表示肯定猜测，故选must。
2.D 排队上地铁是我们“应该做的事情“，故选should，表示”应该，应当“。
3.B 由下文的“You will like it.“可知还未品尝食物，故选smell，表示“闻起来”。
4.B 围巾“摸起来”很柔软，故选B。
5.A 衬衫“看起来”很特别，故选A。
6.B 由already可知时态是现在完成时，故选B。
7.A 由时间状语“since you left“可知时态是现在完成时，故选A。
8.A 句意：“妈妈，Tony在哪儿？”“他去看足球赛了。他晚点会回来。”由句意可知Tony去看球赛还未回，要用现在完成时has gone，故选A。
9.B由“five times”可知“我姐姐已经读了五遍了”，要用现在完成时，故选B。
10.B由时间状语“for more than 10 years”可知要用现在完成时，故选B。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.A lot of birds 　 (protect) in nature parks every year.
2.Hou Yi 　 (give) magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns， but then Pang Meng tried to steal it.
3.Some photos of the moon 　 (show) in the Space Club next week.
4.The Youth Sports Center on Zixiao Road 　 (build) and it was welcomed by young people.
5.I hope each problem 　 (solve) and our family will come back to normal.
答案详解：
1.are protected鸟类是“被保护“，要用被动语态；由every year可知时态是一般现在时，故填are protected。
2.was given 后羿是“被给了神药”，要用被动语态；由后一句的“tried to steal it”可知时态是一般过去时，故填was given。
3.will be shown 照片是“被展示”，要用被动语态；由next week可知时态是一般将来时，故填will be shown。
4.was built 体育中心是“被建”，要用被动语态；由后半句的“it was welcomed...”可知是一般过去时的被动语态，故填was built。
5.will be solved 问题是“被解决”，要用被动语态；由后半句的“our family will come back to normal”可知时态是一般将来时，故填will be solved。
三、语法选择
Some people have no interest in sports. They think __1__ sports make them tired and smell bad. They say, “Why do we waste time playing sports ” To these people, I politely say, “You have not ___2___ the fun of sports yet!”
Let me share a basketball game I was in with you. Our parents and friends __3__ there to cheer us. A lot of people were watching. We all wanted to win __4__ game in front of so many people.
The game was nearly over and we were one point behind. Our coach called __5__ together and said, “Okay, this is it! Either we score now or the game is over. Let's __6__ hard to score. Even if we don't score, at least we have tried our best. So, boys, don't think too much. It doesn't matter if we lose. Just do it.”
Well, in the last minute of the game, we truly __7__ and two teams tied (打成平局)! We went into overtime (加时) and we lost in the end. But after the game, the coach hugged all of us. He told us that he was proud because he had never seen a team try __8__ than us.
To be honest, I feel a lot of pleasure in __9__ sports. It makes me happy and comfortable. That's why I play sports __10__ I get the chance. So my advice is to choose a sport and keep doing it. Your body will thank you and your mind will be ready to work well.
( )1. A.if B.that C.why
( )2. A. discovering B.discovered C.discover
( )3. A.were B.was C.are
( )4. A.a B.the C./
( )5. A.us B.we C.our
( )6. A. work B.worked C.working
( )7. A.score B.scored C.scores
( )8. A.hard B.harder C.hardest
( )9. A.play B.played C.playing
( )10. A.whatever B.however C.whenever
答案详解：
B 考查宾语从句。句意：他们认为运动使他们疲劳和气味不好。从句中不缺少任何成分，用that引导。故选B。
B 考查动词时态。句意：对这些人，我礼貌地说:“你还没有发现运动的乐趣！”本句时态是现在完成时，其结构是have done。此处应该是动词的过去分词discovered。故选B。
A 考查时态。句意：我们的父母和朋友都在那里为我们加油。主语Our parents and friends是复数。根据下文“A lot of people were watching.”可知，时态是一般过去时，were符合题意。故选A。
B 考查冠词。句意：我们都想在这么多人面前赢得比赛。根据上文“Let me share a basketball game I was in with you.”可知，特指上文提到的game，用冠词the修饰。故选B。
A 考查宾格。句意：我们的教练把我们叫到一起，说:“好了，就是这样!要么我们现在得分，要么比赛结束……”动词called后接宾语，宾格us可以作宾语。故选A。
A 考查动词原形。句意：让我们努力得分吧。固定短语let sb. do sth.，此处用动词原形。故选A。
B 考查动词时态。句意：嗯，在比赛的最后一分钟，我们真的得分了，两队打平了!and连接两个并列的词，tried是动词的过去式，此处也用动词的过去式。故选B。
B 考查比较级。句意：他告诉我们，他很自豪，因为他从未见过一支球队比我们更努力。than说明本句是比较句，此处表示形容词的比较级，harder符合题意。故选B。
C 考查动名词。句意：老实说，我在运动中感到很快乐。介词in后接动词时，用doing形式。故选C。
C 考查副词。句意：这就是为什么我一有机会就去运动。结合语境可知，“无论什么时候”whenever符合题意。故选C。
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