Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用定语从句。(语言能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 preference n.偏爱;偏爱的事物 *prefer v. 更喜欢;宁愿
(P20)Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a preference for the direct style, I found that I often failed to get straight to the point.
现在,当我和偏爱直接风格的美国人说话时,我发现我经常不能直接切入主题。
知识拓展
prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer sth to sth 喜欢某物胜过某物
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
经典佳句
Parents can express a preference for the school their child attends.
父母可以表达对自己孩子所上学校的偏好。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers (stay) longer.
(2)I prefer studying English at home to (watch) the football match live on the Internet.
(3)Many people prefer watching TV seeing films.
(4)Let's make a list of possible speakers, in order of (prefer).
Ⅱ.一句多译
她宁愿跟我们一起去也不愿留下来。
(5)____________________________________________________________________________
(prefer to do rather than do)
(6)____________________________________________________________________________
(prefer doing to doing)
(7)____________________________________________________________________________ (would rather do than do)
(8)____________________________________________________________________________ (would do rather than do)
答案 (1)to stay (2)watching (3)to
(4)preference (5)She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind. (6)She preferred going with us to staying behind. (7)She would rather go with us than stay behind. (8)She would go with us rather than stay behind.
知识点2 embarrassed adj.窘迫的;尴尬的;拮据的 *embarrass vt. 使窘迫;使尴尬 *embarrassing adj. 令人为难的;令人尴尬的 *embarrassment n. 困窘;尴尬;难堪
(P21)Those who break taboos are likely to feel upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others, and the situation will also be awkward for the people around them.
那些打破禁忌的人即使无意伤害别人也很可能会感到难过或尴尬,而且这样的情况也会让周围的人感到尴尬。
经典佳句
Her remark was followed by an embarrassed silence.
她的话讲完后,接下来便是难堪的沉默。
知识拓展
be embarrassed about/at因……而感到尴尬
feel embarrassed感到难堪
look a bit embarrassed看起来有点尴尬
to one's embarrassment 让某人尴尬的是
融会应用 单句填空
(1)That was an (embarrass) situation for me.
(2)Much to her (embarrass),all of her friends refused to go to her birthday party.
(3)She felt (embarrass) by so much praise and rose from her seat and left quietly.
(4) her embarrassment, she couldn't remember his name.
答案 (1)embarrassing (2)embarrassment
(3)embarrassed (4)To
知识点3 correspond vi. 类似于;相一致;符合;通信 *corresponding adj. 符合的;相应的;相关的 *correspondence n. 相似;通信;来往信件
(P21)This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which means “to separate”.
这是因为中文中与“伞”对应的词听起来像另一个中文词,意思是“分开”。
知识拓展
correspond with... 与……通信
correspond to/with 和……相符;与……一致
in correspondence with 与……一致
经典佳句
The written record of our conversation doesn't correspond with what was actually said.
我们谈话的笔录与实际所说的不一致。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)These goods don't correspond my order form.
(2)He had been in (correspond) with her for several years before they finally met.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)I assure you (我将言行一致).
答案 (1)to/with (2)correspondence (3)my actions will correspond with/to my words
知识点4 behave vi.& vt.表现;表现得体;有礼貌 *behaviour n. 行为;举止;态度
(P21) If you know what to avoid and how to behave, you'll spare yourself embarrassment.
如果你知道该避免什么,该怎么表现得体,你就不会让自己难堪。
知识拓展
behave oneself 守规矩;举止得体
behave well 表现良好
behave badly to/towards sb 对某人不礼貌
经典佳句
Harry behaved well at the party,and his good behaviour delighted his parents greatly.
哈里在晚会上表现得很好,他的良好行为使他的父母非常高兴。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Behave (you), or you will not be allowed to live in the dormitory.
(2)It puzzled me that they behaved (bad) towards me.
(3)Do you know the effect of alcohol on human (behave)
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(4)Behaving well and being polite in public is very important for everyone.
→It is very important for everyone .
答案 (1)yourself (2)badly (3)behaviour (4)to behave well and be polite in public
知识点5 tolerate vt.容许;允许;忍受;容忍;能经受 *tolerance n.容忍;忍耐力 *tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的
(柯林斯词典)She can no longer tolerate the position that she's in.
她再也受不了自己的处境了。
知识拓展
tolerate (sb) doing sth容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
be tolerant of/towards对……宽容
经典佳句
The teacher cannot tolerate eating on the class.
这位老师不允许在课堂上吃东西。
名师点拨
“容忍;忍受”的其他表达还有bear、 stand、 put up with等。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)I can't tolerate (work) with Kate in the same office.She just refuses to stop talking while she works.
(2)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the tank,she gave him a (tolerate) smile and let him go.
答案 (1)working (2)tolerant
语法探究
定 语 从 句
自主探究
阅读下列例句,注意黑体部分的用法。
1.She is the girl who lives next door.
2.She is the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.
3.Often working at night,the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time,leaving only the babies,whose wool is not worth so much.
4.I bought many books, where I spent all my money that I saved.
5.Sometimes there were gunfights,like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.
我的发现
(1)句1、句2和句5为 定语从句,关系词分别在句中作 、 和 。
(2)句3和句4为 定语从句,关系词分别在句中作 和 。
(3)句4中的关系词为where,如果用which代替可用 。
答案 (1)限制性;主语;定语;宾语 (2)非限制性;定语;状语 (3)on which
探究点1 引导定语从句的关系词
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面,由关系词引导。
关系词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分
关系 代词 who 指人 主、宾、表
whom 指人 宾
which 指物 主、宾、表
that 既指人又指物 主、宾、表
whose 既指人又指物 定
as 既指人又指物 主、宾、表
关系 副词 when 指时间 时间状语
where 指地点 地点状语
why 指原因 原因状语
1.关系代词
引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用:
连接作用:引导从句,连接主句和从句;
替代作用:在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词;
在从句中充当成分:作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
●who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语或宾语。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
他就是想见你的那个人吗
●whose
whose 用来指人或物,用作名词的限定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人的车坏了,他们都跑过去帮忙。
●which, that
它们所代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语。
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包裹快散了。
注意:作宾语时,关系代词常常可省略,而作主语时则不能省略。
2.关系副词
关系副词在定语从句中的基本用法:when作时间状语, where作地点状语, why作原因状语(先行词只有reason一词)。
在定语从句中, 关系副词一般可转化为“介词+ which”。“介词+ which/whom”中只能用which指代物, 用whom指代人。
3.其他用法
(1)当先行词为表示时间、地点、原因的名词时, 若它们在定语从句中不作状语, 而作主语或宾语时, 就要用关系代词which/that来引导定语从句。
The museum which/that he visited has a long history.(the museum作动词visited的宾语)
他参观的那个博物馆有很长的历史。
I will never forget the days that/which I spent with your family.(the days 作动词spent的宾语)
我永远也忘不了与你的家人一起度过的时光。
The reason that/which he gave us was not reasonable.(the reason 作动词gave的宾语)
他给我们的理由不合理。
(2)含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开, 介词仍放在动词的后面。
The machine which I have looked after for twenty years is still working well.
我照看了二十年的机器仍然运转得很好。
(3)有时可以在when/where前加介词from、to等。
China is the birth place of kites, from where kite flying spread to the world.
中国是风筝的诞生地, 从那里,风筝传播到世界各地。
(4)当先行词是case、condition、situation、position、point、stage等表示抽象意义的名词时用关系副词where引导定语从句。
They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
(5)that和which可以互换,但在下列情况下只用that:
●当先行词是不定代词all、little、few、much、none、anything、nothing、everything等时。
Is there anything that I can do for you
有什么我能帮你吗
●当先行词被all、only、little、much、some、any、no、every等词修饰时。
The only thing that I can do is (to) wait.
我唯一能做的是等待。
●当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very、the only 修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
●当先行词同时包含人和物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
他谈论了他参观过的学校和拜访过的老师。
●当主句是以who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is talking to Mark
与马克谈话的那个人是谁
探究点2 “介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句
1.“介词+关系代词”的常见结构
●介词+which/whom
This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Humor was a means by which the American writer would win popular acceptance.
幽默是美国作家迎合大众的一种手段。
●名词+of+which/whom
Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.
请把那本蓝色封面的书递给我。
He caught sight of a small house of a single story, the window of which was lighted up.
他看见一所小平房的窗户里有灯光。
●数词+of+which/whom
In our school there are about 200 teachers, 30% of whom are women.
我们学校大约有200位教师, 其中30%是女性。
She has three story books, two of which are in English.
她有三本故事书, 其中两本是英文的。
●代词+of+which/whom
In the basket I find many apples, some of which (= of which some) have gone bad.
我发现篮子里有很多苹果, 有些已经坏了。
There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.
我们班有50个学生, 其中大多数来自大城市。
●最高级+of+which/whom
●介词+which+名词
He usually returns home at 10:00, at which hour his father locks all the doors.
他通常十点钟回家, 这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门。
I stayed in Japan only a few months, during which time I went through a series of hardship.
我仅在日本待过几个月,其间我度过了一段艰难时光。
2.其他用法
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择可以总结为“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。
一先,即先看先行词,从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配,如时间常和on、in、 by搭配;地点常和on、in、at搭配;原因常和for搭配;方式常和in、by、with搭配等。
This is the house in which (where) the inventor lived.
这就是那位发明家住过的房子。
二动,即看从句中的谓语动词。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。
He is the person of whom everyone has heard.(hear of “听说”)
他是那位所有人都听说过的人。
三意义:通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。
He was educated at a local high school,after which he went on to Peking University.
他在当地的一所高中上学,之后他继续去北京大学学习。
四特殊:介词of 常用于“表示部分的词+of+关系代词”结构。
常见的表示部分的词:不定代词all、both、none、neither、either、some、any,数词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数),数词+名词,the+最高级/比较级,表示数目或数量的词(many、most、few、several、enough、 half、a quarter),等。
探究点3 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意义的表达) 和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用,删掉后不影响整个句子意思的表达)
不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开
可用that引导 不可以用that引导
只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 既可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰主句或主句的一部分
He is the man who came to see you yesterday.
他是昨天来看你的那个人。
The sports meeting was put off,which astonished us.
运动会推迟了,这让我们很吃惊。
2.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as 引导非限制性定语从句时,修饰整句话或整件事 位置较灵活,既可置于所修饰的句子前面,也可插在句子中或放在句子后,一般译为“正如;就像”
which 引导非限制性定语从句时,修饰整句话或整件事,也可修饰先行词 定语从句只置于所修饰的句子后
As we all know,smoking is harmful to health.
正如众人所知,吸烟有害健康。
He finished the task ahead of time,which is very important to us.
他提前完成了任务,这对我们很重要。
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.品句填空
1.Hundreds of people (挤满) the boardwalk to watch.
2.He explained (有点) unconvincingly that the company was paying for everything.
3.He looked a bit (尴尬的).
4.It is my (计划) to remain in my position until a successor is elected.
5.She still (通信) with friends she met in Majorca nine years ago.
6.Reading will enlarge your v .
7.I couldn't believe these people were b in this way.
8.P will be given to graduates of this university.
9.The ability to t pain varies from person to person.
10.The topic of addiction remains something of a t in our family.
答案 1.jammed 2.somewhat 3.embarrassed
4.intention 5.corresponds 6.vocabulary
7.behaving 8.Preference 9.tolerate 10.taboo
Ⅱ.用适当的关系词填空
1.The boy was in the office yesterday is my brother.
2.This is the factory I visited last year.
3.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
4.China Daily attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
5.The man you shook hands with just now is our English teacher.
6.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read the book and know my feelings for her.
7.I bought a great many books, spent all my money on.
8.He passed the exam again, was expected.
答案 1.who/that 2.that/which 3.that/which 4.which 5.who/that/whom 6.when/on which 7.which 8.as
Ⅲ.仔细区别下面的句子,然后填入恰当的词
1. is well known, paper was first invented by the Chinese.
Allen came late to the class again, made the teacher angry.
2.Is this the school you studied three years ago
Is this the school you visited three days ago
3.We will never forget the days we spent together.
We will never forget the days we worked together.
4.He is one of the students who (like) English.
He is the only one of the students who (like) English.
5.This is the reason he did so.
This is the reason he gave me.
答案 1.As; which 2.where; that/which/不填 3.that/which/不填; when 4.like; likes 5.why; that/which/不填
Ⅳ.单句写作
1.They went to the British Museum, (在那里他们看到了许多著名艺术家的画作).
2. (众所周知), books are the source of knowledge.
3.I don't know the reason (他为什么没有照常来学校).
4.He is such a man (一直积极并且热心的).
5.The school shop, (主要顾客是学生), is closed for the holidays.
6.He failed in the exam again, (这使他的父母很吃惊).
7.Do you know the number of people (失去了他们的生命) in the traffic accident
8.The reason (他为什么误了课) was quite different from the one that you explained to me.
9.It rained hard yesterday, (这阻止了我去公园).
答案 1.where they saw many famous artists' paintings 2.As is known to us all 3.why he didn't come to school as usual 4.as is always active and warm-hearted 5.whose customers are mainly students 6.which surprised his parents 7.who lost their lives 8.why he missed the class 9.which prevented/stopped me from going to the park
Ⅴ.阅读下面短文,用适当的关系词填空
I work in a big company 1. the working conditions are very good.Tom, 2. is the boss of our company, said the meeting would be put off until next Friday, 3. all of the workers would be in the company.He said each of the workers would get a souvenir after the meeting, 4. made all workers very excited.However, the reason, for 5. the meeting was put off, is not known.
答案 1.where 2.who 3.when 4.which
5.which
2(共50张PPT)
UNIT 2 Understanding each other
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点，并学以致用。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用定语从句。（语言能力）
核 心 单 词
知识点1 preference n.偏爱；偏爱的事物＊prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿
（P20）Now， when speaking to Americans， who have a preference for the direct
style， I found that I often failed to get straight to the point.
现在，当我和偏爱直接风格的美国人说话时，我发现我经常不能直接切入主题。
prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer sth to sth 喜欢某物胜过某物
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
知识拓展
经典佳句
Parents can express a preference for the school their child attends.
父母可以表达对自己孩子所上学校的偏好。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers _______（stay）
longer.
（2）I prefer studying English at home to _________（watch） the football match
live on the Internet.
（3）Many people prefer watching TV ___ seeing films.
（4）Let's make a list of possible speakers, in order of __________（prefer）.
to stay
watching
to
preference
Ⅱ.一句多译
她宁愿跟我们一起去也不愿留下来。
（5）_______________________________________________
（prefer to do rather than do）
（6）__________________________________________
（prefer doing to doing）
（7）__________________________________________
（would rather do than do）
（8）__________________________________________
（would do rather than do）
She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
She preferred going with us to staying behind.
She would rather go with us than stay behind.
She would go with us rather than stay behind.
知识点2 embarrassed adj.窘迫的；尴尬的；拮据的＊embarrass vt. 使窘迫；使尴尬＊embarrassing adj. 令人为难的；令人尴尬的＊embarrassment n. 困窘；尴尬；难堪
（P21）Those who break taboos are likely to feel upset or embarrassed even if they
have no intention of hurting others， and the situation will also be awkward for the
people around them.
那些打破禁忌的人即使无意伤害别人也很可能会感到难过或尴尬，而且这样的情况也
会让周围的人感到尴尬。
经典佳句
Her remark was followed by an embarrassed silence.
她的话讲完后，接下来便是难堪的沉默。
be embarrassed about/at因……而感到尴尬
feel embarrassed感到难堪
look a bit embarrassed看起来有点尴尬
to one's embarrassment 让某人尴尬的是
知识拓展
融会应用 单句填空
（1）That was an ____________ （embarrass） situation for me.
（2）Much to her ______________（embarrass）,all of her friends refused to go to
her birthday party.
（3）She felt ____________ （embarrass） by so much praise and rose from her
seat and left quietly.
（4）____ her embarrassment, she couldn't remember his name.
embarrassing
embarrassment
embarrassed
To
知识点3 correspond vi. 类似于；相一致；符合；通信＊corresponding adj. 符合的；相应的；相关的＊correspondence n. 相似；通信；来往信件
（P21）This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese sounds
like another Chinese word which means “to separate”.
这是因为中文中与“伞”对应的词听起来像另一个中文词，意思是“分开”。
correspond with... 与……通信
correspond to/with 和……相符；与……一致
in correspondence with 与……一致
知识拓展
经典佳句
The written record of our conversation doesn't correspond with what was actually
said.
我们谈话的笔录与实际所说的不一致。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）These goods don't correspond _______ my order form.
（2）He had been in ______________ （correspond） with her for several years
before they finally met.
to/with
correspondence
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）I assure you _________________________________________ （我将言行一致）.
my actions will correspond with/to my words
知识点4 behave vi.& vt.表现；表现得体；有礼貌＊behaviour n. 行为；举止；态度
（P21） If you know what to avoid and how to behave， you'll spare yourself
embarrassment.
如果你知道该避免什么，该怎么表现得体，你就不会让自己难堪。
behave oneself 守规矩;举止得体
behave well 表现良好
behave badly to/towards sb 对某人不礼貌
知识拓展
经典佳句
Harry behaved well at the party，and his good behaviour delighted his parents
greatly.
哈里在晚会上表现得很好，他的良好行为使他的父母非常高兴。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Behave ________（you）， or you will not be allowed to live in the dormitory.
（2）It puzzled me that they behaved ______（bad） towards me.
（3）Do you know the effect of alcohol on human __________（behave）
yourself
badly
behaviour
Ⅱ.同义句转换
（4）Behaving well and being polite in public is very important for everyone.
→It is very important for everyone ___________________________________.
to behave well and be polite in public
知识点5 tolerate vt.容许；允许；忍受；容忍；能经受＊tolerance n.容忍；忍耐力＊tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的
（柯林斯词典）She can no longer tolerate the position that she's in.
她再也受不了自己的处境了。
tolerate （sb） doing sth容忍/忍受（某人）做某事
be tolerant of/towards对……宽容
知识拓展
经典佳句
The teacher cannot tolerate eating on the class.
这位老师不允许在课堂上吃东西。
名师点拔
“容忍；忍受”的其他表达还有bear、 stand、 put up with等。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I can't tolerate ________ （work） with Kate in the same office.She just
refuses to stop talking while she works.
（2）Instead of blaming the child who had broken the tank,she gave him a ________
（tolerate） smile and let him go.
working
tolerant
定 语 从 句
阅读下列例句，注意黑体部分的用法。
1.She is the girl who lives next door.
2.She is the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.
3.Often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies，whose wool is not worth so much.
4.I bought many books, where I spent all my money that I saved.
5.Sometimes there were gunfights，like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.
我的发现（1） 句1、句2和句5为________定语从句，关系词分别在句中作______、
______和______。
（2）句3和句4为__________定语从句，关系词分别在句中作______和______。
（3）句4中的关系词为where，如果用which代替可用__________。
限制性
主语
定语
宾语
非限制性
定语
状语
on which
探究点1 引导定语从句的关系词
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行
词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系词引导。
关系词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分
关系代词 who 指人 主、宾、表
whom 指人 宾
which 指物 主、宾、表
that 既指人又指物 主、宾、表
whose 既指人又指物 定
as 既指人又指物 主、宾、表
关系副词 when 指时间 时间状语
where 指地点 地点状语
why 指原因 原因状语
1.关系代词
引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用:
连接作用:引导从句,连接主句和从句;
替代作用:在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词;
在从句中充当成分:作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
●who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语或宾语。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
他就是想见你的那个人吗
●whose
whose 用来指人或物,用作名词的限定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人的车坏了,他们都跑过去帮忙。
●which, that
它们所代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语。
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包裹快散了。
注意:作宾语时，关系代词常常可省略,而作主语时则不能省略。
2.关系副词
关系副词在定语从句中的基本用法:when作时间状语, where作地点状语, why作原
因状语（先行词只有reason一词）。
在定语从句中, 关系副词一般可转化为“介词+ which”。“介词+ which/whom”中
只能用which指代物, 用whom指代人。
3.其他用法
（1）当先行词为表示时间、地点、原因的名词时, 若它们在定语从句中不作状语, 而
作主语或宾语时, 就要用关系代词which/that来引导定语从句。
The museum which/that he visited has a long history.（the museum作动词visited的宾
语）
他参观的那个博物馆有很长的历史。
I will never forget the days that/which I spent with your family.（the days 作动词
spent的宾语）
我永远也忘不了与你的家人一起度过的时光。
The reason that/which he gave us was not reasonable.（the reason 作动词gave的宾语）
他给我们的理由不合理。
（2）含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开, 介词仍放在动词的后面。
The machine which I have looked after for twenty years is still working well.
我照看了二十年的机器仍然运转得很好。
（3）有时可以在when/where前加介词from、to等。
China is the birth place of kites, from where kite flying spread to the world.
中国是风筝的诞生地, 从那里,风筝传播到世界各地。
（4）当先行词是case、condition、situation、position、point、stage等表示抽象意义的
名词时用关系副词where引导定语从句。
They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
（5）that和which可以互换,但在下列情况下只用that:
●当先行词是不定代词all、little、few、much、none、anything、nothing、everything等
时。
Is there anything that I can do for you
有什么我能帮你吗
●当先行词被all、only、little、much、some、any、no、every等词修饰时。
The only thing that I can do is （to） wait.
我唯一能做的是等待。
●当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very、the only 修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
●当先行词同时包含人和物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
他谈论了他参观过的学校和拜访过的老师。
●当主句是以who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is talking to Mark
与马克谈话的那个人是谁
探究点2 “介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句
1.“介词+关系代词”的常见结构
●介词+which/whom
This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Humor was a means by which the American writer would win popular acceptance.
幽默是美国作家迎合大众的一种手段。
●名词+of+which/whom
Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.
请把那本蓝色封面的书递给我。
He caught sight of a small house of a single story, the window of which was
lighted up.
他看见一所小平房的窗户里有灯光。
●数词+of+which/whom
In our school there are about 200 teachers, 30% of whom are women.
我们学校大约有200位教师, 其中30%是女性。
She has three story books, two of which are in English.
她有三本故事书, 其中两本是英文的。
●代词+of+which/whom
In the basket I find many apples, some of which （= of which some） have gone
bad.
我发现篮子里有很多苹果, 有些已经坏了。
There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.
我们班有50个学生, 其中大多数来自大城市。
●最高级+of+which/whom
●介词+which+名词
He usually returns home at 10:00, at which hour his father locks all the doors.
他通常十点钟回家, 这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门。
I stayed in Japan only a few months, during which time I went through a series of
hardship.
我仅在日本待过几个月,其间我度过了一段艰难时光。
2.其他用法
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择可以总结为“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。
一先,即先看先行词,从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配,如时间常和
on、in、 by搭配;地点常和on、in、at搭配;原因常和for搭配;方式常和in、by、with搭配
等。
This is the house in which （where） the inventor lived.
这就是那位发明家住过的房子。
二动,即看从句中的谓语动词。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。
He is the person of whom everyone has heard.（hear of “听说”）
他是那位所有人都听说过的人。
三意义:通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。
He was educated at a local high school,after which he went on to Peking University.
他在当地的一所高中上学,之后他继续去北京大学学习。
四特殊:介词of 常用于“表示部分的词+of+关系代词”结构。
常见的表示部分的词:不定代词all、both、none、neither、either、some、any,数词（含
基数词、序数词、分数和百分数）,数词+名词,the+最高级/比较级,表示数目或数量的词
（many、most、few、several、enough、 half、a quarter）,等。
探究点3 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切（删除后影响整个 句子意义的表达） 和先行词关系不密切（起补充说明的作用，
删掉后不影响整个句子意思的表达）
不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开
可用that引导 不可以用that引导
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或 主句的一部分 既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰主句或主句
的一部分
He is the man who came to see you yesterday.
他是昨天来看你的那个人。
The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.
运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。
2.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整 句话或整件事 位置较灵活，既可置于所修饰的句子前
面，也可插在句子中或放在句子后，一般
译为“正如；就像”
which 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整 句话或整件事，也可修饰先行词 定语从句只置于所修饰的句子后
As we all know，smoking is harmful to health.
正如众人所知，吸烟有害健康。
He finished the task ahead of time，which is very important to us.
他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。
Ⅰ.品句填空
1.Hundreds of people ________（挤满） the boardwalk to watch.
2.He explained __________（有点） unconvincingly that the company was paying for
everything.
3.He looked a bit ____________（尴尬的）.
jammed
somewhat
embarrassed
4.It is my _________（计划） to remain in my position until a successor is elected.
5.She still ___________（通信） with friends she met in Majorca nine years ago.
6.Reading will enlarge your v__________.
7.I couldn't believe these people were b________in this way.
8.P_________will be given to graduates of this university.
9.The ability to t_______ pain varies from person to person.
10.The topic of addiction remains something of a t______in our family.
intention
corresponds
ocabulary
ehaving
reference
olerate
aboo
Ⅱ.用适当的关系词填空
1.The boy _________ was in the office yesterday is my brother.
2.This is the factory__________ I visited last year.
3.The exact year__________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
4.China Daily attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more
people all over the world want to learn about China.
who/that
that/which
that/which
which
5.The man______________ you shook hands with just now is our English teacher.
6.I am looking forward to the day ______________ my daughter can read the book
and know my feelings for her.
7.I bought a great many books,_______ spent all my money on.
8.He passed the exam again,___ was expected.
who/that/whom
when/on which
which
as
Ⅲ.仔细区别下面的句子，然后填入恰当的词
1.____ is well known, paper was first invented by the Chinese.
Allen came late to the class again, _______ made the teacher angry.
2.Is this the school _______ you studied three years ago
Is this the school _______________ you visited three days ago
3.We will never forget the days _______________ we spent together.
We will never forget the days ______ we worked together.
As
which
where
that/which/不填
that/which/不填
when
4.He is one of the students who _____ （like） English.
He is the only one of the students who _____ （like） English.
5.This is the reason _____ he did so.
This is the reason _______________ he gave me.
like
likes
why
that/which/不填
Ⅳ.单句写作
1.They went to the British Museum, __________________________________________
（在那里他们看到了许多著名艺术家的画作）．
2._____________________ （众所周知）, books are the source of knowledge.
3.I don't know the reason ___________________________________ （他为什么没有照
常来学校）．
4.He is such a man __________________________________（一直积极并且热心的）.
5.The school shop, _________________________________（主要顾客是学生）, is
closed for the holidays.
where they saw many famous artists' paintings
As is known to us all
why he didn't come to school as usual
as is always active and warm-hearted
whose customers are mainly students
6.He failed in the exam again, _________________________（这使他的父母很吃惊）.
7.Do you know the number of people __________________（失去了他们的生命） in
the traffic accident
8.The reason _______________________ （他为什么误了课） was quite different
from the one that you explained to me.
9.It rained hard yesterday, _______________________________________________ （这
阻止了我去公园）.
which surprised his parents
who lost their lives
why he missed the class
which prevented/stopped me from going to the park
Ⅴ.阅读下面短文，用适当的关系词填空
I work in a big company 1._______ the working conditions are very good.Tom,
2._____ is the boss of our company, said the meeting would be put off until next
Friday, 3.______ all of the workers would be in the company.He said each of the
workers would get a souvenir after the meeting, 4._______ made all workers very
excited.However, the reason, for 5._______ the meeting was put off, is not known.
where
who
when
which
which
