Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,掌握主语从句的用法。(语言能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的 *crucially adv.关键地;至关重要地
(P20)Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy.
哈勃(太空望远镜)的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。
知识拓展
be crucial to sb/sth 对……来说至关重要
be crucial in doing sth 对做某事至关重要
play a crucial role/part in sth 在……中起关键作用
at the crucial moment 在重要关头;在紧要关头;在关键时刻
a crucial factor/issue/decision 关键性的因素/问题/决定
经典佳句
The work of teachers is crucial in spreading knowledge.
教师的工作对知识的传播至关重要。
Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.
父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)This aid money is crucial the government's economic policies.
(2)Weight is crucial diving because the aim is to cause the smallest splash possible.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)Talent, hard work and persistence career success.
才能、勤奋和坚持不懈对事业成功都是至关重要的。
(4)Meanwhile, the teachers moulding the soul of the students.
与此同时,老师在塑造学生心灵方面起着至关重要的作用。
答案 (1)to (2)in (3)are all crucial to (4)are playing a crucial role in
知识点2 comprise vt.包括;包含;构成;组成
(P21)Run by the China National Space Administration, China's space agency, it comprises three stages: orbiting, landing and returning.
它由中国国家航天局(中国航空机构)管理,包括三个阶段:绕轨、着陆、返回。
知识拓展
be comprised of包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
consist of 由……组成
be made up of 由……组成;构成
经典佳句
The committee is comprised of representatives from both public and private sectors.
委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)A week consists seven days.
(2)Groups are (comprise) of two or more people.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(3)救援队由8名士兵和2名医生组成。
→The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors.
答案 (1)of (2)comprised (3)is comprised of;consists of; is made up of
语法探究
主 语 从 句
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分在句中的用法。
1.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
3.However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
4.Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...
5.What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
我的发现
(1)以上例句中均包含了 ,即从句充当了主句的 。
(2)以上例句中引导主语从句的连接词有连接代词 ,如句 和句 ;连接副词 ,如句 ;从属连词 和 ,如句 和句 。
答案 (1)主语从句;主语 (2)what;1;5;how;2;whether;that;3;4
探究点1 主语从句的基本用法
1.主语从句的连接词
类别 例词 说明
从属连词 that, whether, if 三者在从句中均不作成分,只起连接作用;that无实义,whether/if表示“是否”
连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分
连接副词 when, where, how, why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还有待观察。
What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
今天我看到的东西给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
Whoever breaks the law deserves a fine.
无论是谁触犯法律都应予以罚款。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
(你们中)谁先进来谁就会得奖。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时将开会是一个重要的问题。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
我们在什么地方做这个测试还在讨论中。
注意:
(1)whether置于句首引导主语从句时,不可用if来替换。
(2)if引导主语从句时,要用it作形式主语,将if引导的主语从句后置,此时whether与if可互换。
(3)主语从句中连接词的选择技巧:
①根据连接词在从句中所作的成分来选择;
②根据连接词在从句中的意义来选择。
2.it作形式主语
为保持句子平衡,常把主语从句后置,而用形式主语it代替真正的主语。主语从句中it作形式主语时常用于以下句型:
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important、 (un)likely、possible、 necessary、 natural、 wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact、 idea、 honour、 question、 pity等
It+be动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known、 proved、 said、 decided、 suggested、 thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有happen、 occur、 matter等
It's possible that he has been to Beijing.
他有可能去过北京。
It's a pity that you didn't attend the meeting.
你没参加这次会议太可惜了。
It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.
我想到可以让人把书寄给我。
It is very important that he should know about this.
他应该知道此事,这很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
注意:
(1)在“It+be动词+过去分词+主语从句”结构中,过去分词若为suggested、ordered、required、advised等,主语从句中的谓语用(should)do。
(2)在“It+系动词+形容词+主语从句”结构中,若形容词为important、necessary、strange等,主语从句中的谓语用(should)do。
探究点2 主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2.主谓一致
(1)当从句作主语时,主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪儿找一份工作使他很困惑。
注意:
当what引导主语从句时,有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们将在何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1.They lost their way in the forest and made matters worst was night began to fall.
2. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
3.It is said Peter will have a chance to travel abroad next month.
4. he lost the bike worried him a lot.
5. of you answers the question correctly will be given a prize.
6. he didn't come yesterday is unknown.
7. we will go tomorrow hasn't been decided yet.But most of us agree to go by bicycle.
8. will be sent to help them is very important.
答案 1.what; that 2.Whoever 3.that 4.That
5.Whichever 6.Why 7.How 8.Who
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.How can you concentrate on your work
你怎么能在这样吵的环境下集中精神工作呢
2. , we thought it was overpriced.
虽然那条项链很漂亮,但我们认为价钱太高了。
3.The symbolism of every gesture during the short state visit.
在这次短暂的国事访问期间,一举一动都将有着极其重要的象征意义。
4. anything against the will of the people.
在任何情况下,我们都不应该做违反人民意愿的事情。
5.It is not a problem .
我们能否赢得这场战斗不是问题。
6. the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.
据估计,全球太空经济每年增长数十亿美元。
7. was that her teammates made the decision .
让她生气的是,她的队友在她不在场的情况下做出了决定。
8.Reading can children's horizon.
阅读能为拓宽孩子的眼界做出积极的贡献。
9.The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but .
一般来说, 一个人的智力极限在出生时是固定的,但他是否能达到这些极限将取决于他所处的环境。
答案 1.with so much noise going on 2.Beautiful as/though the necklace was 3.will be of vital/great importance 4.Under no circumstances should we do
5.whether we can win the battle 6.It has been calculated that 7.What made her angry/annoyed; in the absence of her 8.make a positive contribution to broadening 9.whether he can reach these limits will depend on his environment
Ⅲ.语法填空
AirCar is the latest generation flying car 1. transforms from road vehicle into air vehicle in less than 3 minutes. Useful for leisure and self-driving journeys, the vehicle can go from driving 2. flying mode with the click of a button. The fifth generation flying car designed by Professor Stefan Klein 3.(complete) two flight tests at Piestany airport in Slovakia so far.
The two-seat AirCar weighs 1,100 kg and can carry an 4.(add) load of 200 kg per flight. Powered by a BMW 1.6 L engine, the car-plane has an effective power output of 140 HP. The 5.(estimate) travel range of the vehicle is 1,000 km and the flight 6.(consume) is 18 liters (升) per hour. AirCar can transform from a ground-based vehicle to aircraft with its speed 7.(reach) up to 200 km/h. But most importantly, the stability and controllability of the AirCar is 8.(access) to any pilot.
“With AirCar you will arrive at your destination 9. the trouble of getting a ride to airport and passing through commercial security. You can drive your AirCar to the golf course, the office, the shopping centre 10. your hotel, and park it in a normal parking space,” said Anton Zajac, Klein Vision's co-founder, investor and pilot.
答案 1.that 2.to 3.has completed 4.additional
5.estimated 6.consumption 7.reaching 8.accessible 9.without 10.or
2(共25张PPT)
UNIT 2 Out of this world
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解,掌握主语从句的用法。（语言能力）
核心单词
知识点1 crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 ＊crucially adv.关键地；至关重要地
（P20）Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy.
哈勃（太空望远镜）的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。
知识拓展
be crucial to sb/sth 对……来说至关重要
be crucial in doing sth 对做某事至关重要
play a crucial role/part in sth 在……中起关键作用
at the crucial moment 在重要关头;在紧要关头;在关键时刻
a crucial factor/issue/decision 关键性的因素/问题/决定
经典佳句
The work of teachers is crucial in spreading knowledge.
教师的工作对知识的传播至关重要。
Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.
父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）This aid money is crucial ___the government's economic policies.
to
（2）Weight is crucial___diving because the aim is to cause the smallest splash
possible.
in
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）Talent, hard work and persistence ________________career success.
才能、勤奋和坚持不懈对事业成功都是至关重要的。
are all crucial to
（4）Meanwhile, the teachers__________________________moulding the soul of the
students.
与此同时，老师在塑造学生心灵方面起着至关重要的作用。
are playing a crucial role in
知识点2 comprise vt.包括；包含；构成；组成
（P21）Run by the China National Space Administration, China's space agency, it comprises three stages: orbiting, landing and returning.
它由中国国家航天局（中国航空机构）管理，包括三个阶段：绕轨、着陆、返回。
知识拓展
be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成（或构成）
consist of 由……组成
be made up of 由……组成；构成
经典佳句
The committee is comprised of representatives from both public and private sectors.
委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）A week consists ___seven days.
of
（2）Groups are __________（comprise） of two or more people.
comprised
Ⅱ.一句多译
（3）救援队由8名士兵和2名医生组成。
→The rescue team _______________eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team ___________ eight soldiers and two doctors.
→The rescue team ______________ eight soldiers and two doctors.
is comprised of
consists of
is made up of
主语从句
自主探究
阅读下列句子，并注意黑体部分在句中的用法。
1.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
3.However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
4.Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...
5.What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
我的发现（1） 以上例句中均包含了__________，即从句充当了主句的______。
主语从句
主语
（2）以上例句中引导主语从句的连接词有连接代词______,如句___和句___；连接副
词_____，如句___；从属连词________和_____，如句___和句___。
what
1
5
how
2
whether
that
3
4
探究点1 主语从句的基本用法
1.主语从句的连接词
类别 例词 说明
从属连词 that, whether， if 三者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that
无实义，whether/if表示“是否”
连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分
连接副词 when, where, how, why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成
分
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还有待观察。
What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
今天我看到的东西给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
Whoever breaks the law deserves a fine.
无论是谁触犯法律都应予以罚款。
Whichever （of you） comes in first will receive a prize.
（你们中）谁先进来谁就会得奖。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时将开会是一个重要的问题。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
我们在什么地方做这个测试还在讨论中。
注意：
（1）whether置于句首引导主语从句时，不可用if来替换。
（2）if引导主语从句时，要用it作形式主语，将if引导的主语从句后置，此时whether与if可互换。
（3）主语从句中连接词的选择技巧：
①根据连接词在从句中所作的成分来选择；
②根据连接词在从句中的意义来选择。
2.it作形式主语
为保持句子平衡，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替真正的主语。主语从句中it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语 从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important、 （un）likely、
possible、 necessary、 natural、 wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从 句 常用于此句型的名词有fact、 idea、 honour、 question、
pity等
It+be动词+过去分词+主语 从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known、 proved、 said、
decided、 suggested、 thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有happen、 occur、 matter等
It's possible that he has been to Beijing.
他有可能去过北京。
It's a pity that you didn't attend the meeting.
你没参加这次会议太可惜了。
It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.
我想到可以让人把书寄给我。
It is very important that he should know about this.
他应该知道此事,这很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
注意：
（1）在“It+be动词+过去分词+主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested、ordered、required、advised等，主语从句中的谓语用（should）do。
（2）在“It+系动词+形容词+主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important、necessary、strange等，主语从句中的谓语用（should）do。
探究点2 主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2.主谓一致
（1）当从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪儿找一份工作使他很困惑。
注意：
当what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
（2）由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们将在何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1.They lost their way in the forest and ______ made matters worst was _____ night
began to fall.
what
that
2._________has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
Whoever
3.It is said _____Peter will have a chance to travel abroad next month.
that
4._____ he lost the bike worried him a lot.
That
5.__________ of you answers the question correctly will be given a prize.
Whichever
6.______ he didn't come yesterday is unknown.
Why
7.______we will go tomorrow hasn't been decided yet. But most of us agree to go
by bicycle.
How
8.______ will be sent to help them is very important.
Who
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.How can you concentrate on your work ___________________________
你怎么能在这样吵的环境下集中精神工作呢？
with so much noise going on
2._________________________________, we thought it was overpriced.
虽然那条项链很漂亮，但我们认为价钱太高了。
Beautiful as/though the necklace was
3.The symbolism of every gesture _____________________________ during the short
state visit.
在这次短暂的国事访问期间，一举一动都将有着极其重要的象征意义。
will be of vital/great importance
4.___________________________________anything against the will of the people.
在任何情况下，我们都不应该做违反人民意愿的事情。
Under no circumstances should we do
5.It is not a problem ____________________________.
我们能否赢得这场战斗不是问题。
whether we can win the battle
6.________________________ the global space economy is increasing by billions of
dollars every year.
据估计，全球太空经济每年增长数十亿美元。
It has been calculated that
7.____________________________was that her teammates made the decision
____________________.
让她生气的是，她的队友在她不在场的情况下做出了决定。
What made her angry/annoyed
in the absence of her
8.Reading can _______________________________________ children's horizon.
阅读能为拓宽孩子的眼界做出积极的贡献。
make a positive contribution to broadening
9.The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but
___________________________________________________________.
一般来说， 一个人的智力极限在出生时是固定的，但他是否能达到这些极限将取决于
他所处的环境。
whether he can reach these limits will depend on his environment
Ⅲ.语法填空
AirCar is the latest generation flying car 1._____ transforms from road vehicle
into air vehicle in less than 3 minutes. Useful for leisure and self-driving journeys,
the vehicle can go from driving 2.___ flying mode with the click of a button. The
fifth generation flying car designed by Professor Stefan Klein 3.______________
（complete） two flight tests at Piestany airport in Slovakia so far.
that
to
has completed
The two-seat AirCar weighs 1,100 kg and can carry an 4.__________（add）
load of 200 kg per flight. Powered by a BMW 1.6 L engine, the car-plane has an
effective power output of 140 HP. The 5._________（estimate） travel range of the
vehicle is 1,000 km and the flight 6.____________（consume） is 18 liters （升）
per hour. AirCar can transform from a ground-based vehicle to aircraft with its speed
7._________（reach） up to 200 km/h. But most importantly, the stability and
controllability of the AirCar is 8.__________（access） to any pilot.
“With AirCar you will arrive at your destination 9.________ the trouble of
getting a ride to airport and passing through commercial security. You can drive your
AirCar to the golf course, the office, the shopping centre 10.___ your hotel, and park
it in a normal parking space,” said Anton Zajac, Klein Vision's co-founder, investor
and pilot.
additional
estimated
consumption
reaching
accessible
without
or
