Unit 3 Section Ⅴ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文结构,了解文章大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力, 学习能力)
2.通过分析课文细节,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
1.be about to 即将孵化
2.react 反应强烈
3. the surface smooth 将表面擦光
4.economic 经济改革
5.maximize 最大化产量
6. change 根本变化
7. steam engine 实用型蒸汽机
答案 1.hatch 2.violently 3.rub 4.reform 5.output
6.fundamental 7.practical
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 像往常一样;照例
2. 适合
3. 总的来说
4. 对……表示尊重
5. 处于极度痛苦之中
6.suffer serious burns
7.stand on the deck
8.be thrown into the sea
9.abandon ship
10.drag... into the lifeboat
答案 1.as usual 2.be suitable for 3.as a whole 4.show respect for 5.in terrible pain 6.遭受严重烧伤 7.站在甲板上 8.被扔进大海 9.弃船 10.把……拖进救生艇
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy”...(“介词+which”引导定语从句)
翻译 第二天,罗斯福总统发表了著名的珍珠港演讲,他在演讲中称12月7日为“一个耻辱的日子”……
仿写 There was one respect, however, .
然而,他们在一点上有分歧。
2.Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. (where引导地点状语从句)
翻译 今天,美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在它当时沉没的地方:太平洋中央。
仿写 We must camp .
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
3.Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes in American history, will never be forgotten.(同位语)
翻译 尽管大约80年过去了,珍珠港事件,美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一,将永远不会被遗忘。
仿写 Yesterday I met Tom, .
昨天我遇到了汤姆,他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
答案 1.in which they differed 2.where we can get water 3.a friend of my brother's
【合作探究】
语篇研读
细读课文,明确教材细节
Choose the best answers according to the passage on Pages 39-40.
1.Where was Russell when Japanese planes dropped bombs
A.On the USS Arizona. B.In the dining room.
C.On the bed. D.In the desk.
2.How many people died aboard the Arizona when the attack took place
A.2,403. B.3,178.
C.More than 1,000. D.More than a hundred.
答案 1~2 AC
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 dive vi.俯冲;跳水;潜水n.冲;扑;俯冲;潜水;跳水 *diver n.潜水员 *diving n.潜水;跳水
(P39)They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor.
它们俯冲下来把炸弹投到珍珠港。
知识拓展
dive into 潜入;跳入
dive into one's bag/pocket 迅速将手伸入某人的提包/衣袋(取出东西)
经典佳句
The plane made a dive to a lower attitude.
飞机俯冲到较低高度。
The young couple took a photo when they were diving in the sea.
这对情侣在海里潜水时拍了张照片。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)She dived a pool.
(2)He (dive) into his pocket and produced a packet of candies.
(3)We went (dive) on the coral reef.
答案 (1)into (2)dived (3)diving
知识点2 freeze v. (froze, frozen)突然停止;呆住;结冰;冻僵 * freezing adj. 冰冷的;极冷的 *frozen adj. (河、湖等)结冰的;冷冻的;冷藏的 *freezer n.冰箱;冷冻库
(P39)Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.
拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了,但他很快反应过来,冲到甲板上。
知识拓展
freeze with 因……而呆住
freeze to death 冻死
freeze up (某物)冻住;﹙因紧张、害怕或兴奋﹚不动;停住;惊呆;吓呆;冻结
freeze sb with a frown 皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧
经典佳句
A freezer freezes water solid.
冰箱能使水冻结成固体。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Shelley froze horror when she saw the body.
(2)I was so nervous that I froze .
(3)Hundreds of homeless people may freeze death this winter.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)Rather than ,she prefers to ride on a crowded bus.
与其在寒冷的天气里骑自行车,她更喜欢坐拥挤的公交车。
答案 (1)with (2)up (3)to (4)ride a bike in the freezing weather
知识点3 meanwhile adv.同时;其间;对比之下 n.其间;其时
(P39)Louis, meanwhile, also standing on the deck, was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.
与此同时,路易也站在甲板上,幸运地没有被扔进海里。
知识拓展
in the meanwhile在此期间;与此同时
for the meanwhile 一会儿;暂时
经典佳句
Bob spent fifteen months alone on his yacht. Ann, meanwhile, took care of the children on her own.
鲍勃独自在他的游艇上待了十五个月。在这段时间,安一个人照顾孩子。
融会应用 写出下列句中黑体词的含义
(1)The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile, you must rest as much as possible.
(2)Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects.
(3)Brush the eggplant with oil, add salt and pepper, and bake till soft. Meanwhile, heat the remaining oil in a heavy pan.
答案 (1)adv.其间 (2)adv.对比之下 (3)adv.同时
知识点4 hatch vt.密谋;策划;使孵出 vi.孵化
(P40)Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States.
日本策划了偷袭珍珠港的阴谋,所以没有发出任何警告,也没有对美国宣战。
知识拓展
hatch out 孵出;策划
hatch sth (up) 策划/密谋某事
经典佳句
A plot was hatched in secrecy.
一个阴谋在暗中策划着。
The hen has hatched all her chickens.
这只母鸡已经孵出了她的全部小鸡。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The eggs take twenty days (hatch).
(2)All the chicks have (hatch) out.
答案 (1)to hatch (2)hatched
知识点5 sink v.(sank, sunk)下沉;沉没;坐下;降低n.(厨房里的)洗涤池;洗碗槽
(P40)Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
今天,美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在它当时沉没的地方:太平洋中央。
知识拓展
be sunk in ... 陷入……中
a sinking ship 一艘沉船
经典佳句
On its first voyage, the big ship hit an iceberg and then sank to the bottom of the sea.
在第一次航行时,这艘大船撞上了冰山,然后沉到了海底。
With his problem settled, he sank back into his comfortable chair with relief.
他的问题解决之后,他如释重负地坐到他那把舒适的椅子上。
融会应用 写出下列句中黑体词的含义
(1)Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink!
(2)She sank back into her seat, exhausted.
(3)The sun was sinking in the west.
答案 (1)n.洗涤池;洗碗槽 (2)v.坐下 (3)v.下沉
知识点6 pray vi.& vt.企盼;祈求;祈祷;祷告
(P40)They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.
他们来这里是为了看那艘船在海底的影子,了解这次袭击,向那些在袭击中丧生的人表示敬意,并为世界和平祈祷。
知识拓展
pray (to sb) for...(向某人)恳求……
pray to do sth祈求做某事
经典佳句
It is customary to paste spring couplets on the door and paper cuttings on the windows to pray for good luck.
在门上贴春联和在窗户上贴剪纸以祈祷好运是一种习俗。
We prayed that she would recover from her illness.
我们为她的康复祈祷。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)He felt sorry for what he had said and prayed (forgive) .
(2)She prayed heaven an end to her sufferings.
答案 (1) to be forgiven (2)to; for
知识点7 reform vt.改进;改良;改革n.改革;改良 *reformer n.改革者;革新者;改良者 *reformed adj.改革过的;改革派的
(P41)Machine designs were reformed and the textile output increased considerably.
机器设计进行了改良,纺织品产量有了很大提高。
知识拓展
the reform of... ……的改革
economic/political/educational reform 经济/政治/教育改革
far-reaching/major/sweeping reforms 意义深远的/重大的/彻底的改革
经典佳句
Many were suspicious of the reform.
很多人对改革持怀疑态度。
She argued powerfully for reform.
她为改革进行了有力的辩论
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)In the next stage, he demanded more sweeping (reform).
(2)A (reform) is someone who tries to change and improve something such as a law or a social system.
(3)Greeley says he's a genuinely (reform) character.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)Students' motivation and passion for study have been stimulated as a result of .
由于教育改革,学生的学习动机和热情得到了激发。
(5) Chinese higher education, more and more colleges and universities put emphasis on nurturing students' abilities.
随着中国高等教育改革的不断深入,越来越多的高校开始重视学生能力的培养。
答案 (1)reforms (2)reformer (3)reformed (4)educational reform (5)With the reform of
短 语 句 式
知识点8 where引导地点状语从句
(P40)Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
今天,美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在它当时沉没的地方:太平洋中央。
知识拓展
此处where引导地点状语从句。
where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别:
(1)where引导定语从句时,是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,前面有表示地点的先行词。
(2)where引导状语从句时,是从属连词,所引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的先行词。
(3)有时,where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句的前面,而where引导的定语从句则不能。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者,事竟成。
It is well known that the panda lives where there is plenty of bamboo.
=It is well known that the panda lives in places where there is plenty of bamboo.
众所周知,熊猫生活在有大量竹子的地方。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)As young men, we should learn to stand up .
作为年轻人,我们应该学会在我们跌倒的地方站起来。
(2) , there is life.
有阳光的地方就有生命。
答案 (1)where we fall (2)Where there is sunshine
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.品句填空
1.She invited 750 people (上船) the luxury yacht, the Savarona.
2.Some people would not touch the public w door with their hands.
3.The police wear dark blue u .
4.She shook her head v .
5.An e circled high overhead.
6.She was standing by a pool, about to d in.
7.There was t and lightning, and torrential rain.
8.If the temperature drops below 0 ℃, water f .
9.Political stability, (与此同时), will be a prime concern.
10.Use your mouse to (拖) the pictures to their new size.
答案 1.aboard 2.washroom 3.uniforms 4.violently
5.eagle 6.dive 7.thunder 8.freezes 9.meanwhile 10.drag
Ⅱ.选词填空
be dressed in; get in touch with; shift... from...to...; drag (sb) into; be able to; be awakened by
1.We must uniform at school.
2.Early the next day, however, he the sound of thunder.
3.He nervously his weight foot foot.
4.He fulfill himself through his painting.
5.Adding documents to a repository is as simple as a folder (文件夹).
6.I'm definitely going to these people.
答案 1.be dressed in 2.was awakened by 3.shifted; from; to 4.was able to 5.dragging them into 6.get in touch with
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.She after her collapse at work.
她在工作时晕倒后被送进了医院。
2.Nobody who was near the crime is above suspicion.
犯罪现场附近的任何人都不能排除嫌疑。
3.They to murder the king.
他们谋划杀害国王。
4.How many people will be given prizes
总共将有多少人获奖
5.The failure was me.
那次失败给我很大的打击。
6.The product was developed customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
7.Each process a unique color.
每个流程用不同的颜色标记。
8.A teacher's primary goal is to teach students the best they can about how to one another.
教师的首要目标是尽其所能地教导学生如何相互尊重。
9.Many of us hoped and .
我们中的许多人希望和祈祷奇迹。
答案 1.was taken to hospital 2.the scene of 3.hatched a plot 4.in total 5.a great shock to 6.in response to 7.is marked with 8.show respect for 9.prayed for miracles
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack, but they were fortunate enough 1.(be) among the few survivors from the Arizona. Nobody had expected the bombing. Japan 2.(hatch) a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, so the attack began without 3.(warn) and without declaring war on the United States. 4. attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes. In total, more than 2,000 American people 5.(kill) and over 1,000 others were wounded that day. More than 1,000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives.
The ship shook 6.(violent) and the men looked at each other 7. horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were 8.(dive) down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. The scream of their engines was deafening. 9. bombs thundered all around, 10.(cloud) of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.
答案 1.to be 2.had hatched 3.warning 4.The
5.were killed 6.violently 7.in 8.diving 9.As
10.clouds
【课外拓展】
视野拓展
1.The United Nations General Assembly has adopted a resolution calling on all parties in the conflict to seek a political settlement.
联合国大会已采纳了一项呼吁所有冲突各方寻求政治解决的决议。
2.The remarkable achievements made in China's reform and opening up over the past 40-plus years are a result of the actions of our people and our officials.
中国改革开放40多年的辉煌成就,是广大干部群众共同努力的结果。
3.The news agency reported an official as saying that preparations were under way for the next Shenzhou launch.
新闻社报道称,一名官员表示,下一次发射神舟飞船的准备工作正在进行。
4.She recalled an incident some years ago when she and her colleagues had to go to great lengths to convince a student's family, especially his grandparents, with whom the child lived, that the boy had ADHD and needed medication and behavioral intervention.
她回忆了几年前的一次事件,当时她和她的同事们不得不竭尽全力说服一名学生的家人,尤其是与孩子一起生活的祖父母,让他们相信男孩患有多动症,需要药物治疗和行为干预。
英美文化
美篇导读
《格列佛游记》是英国作家乔纳森·斯威夫特创作的一部长篇游记体讽刺小说,首次出版于1726年。作品以里梅尔·格列佛船长的口气叙述周游四国的经历。这部小说通过格列佛在利立浦特、布罗卜丁奈格、飞岛国、慧骃国的奇遇,反映了18世纪前半期英国统治阶级的腐败和罪恶,还以较为完美的艺术形式表达了作者的思想观念。作者用了丰富的讽刺手法和虚构的幻想写出了荒诞而离奇的情节,深刻地反映了当时的英国议会中毫无意义的党派斗争,以及统治集团的昏庸腐朽和唯利是图,对殖民战争的残酷暴戾进行了揭露和批判,同时它在一定程度上歌颂了殖民地人民反抗统治者的英勇斗争。
美篇呈现
Gulliver's Travels (Excerpt)
My gentleness and good behaviour had gained so far on the emperor and his court, and indeed upon the army and people in general, that I began to conceive hopes of getting my liberty in a short time. I took all possible methods to cultivate this favourable disposition. The natives came, by degrees, to be less apprehensive of any danger from me. I would sometimes lie down, and let five or six of them dance on my hand; and at last the boys and girls would venture to come and play at hide-and-seek① in my hair. I had now made a good progress in understanding and speaking the language. The emperor had a mind one day to entertain me with several of the country shows, wherein they exceed all nations I have known, both for dexterity and magnificence. I was diverted with none so much as that of the rope-dancers, performed upon a slender white thread, extended about two feet, and twelve inches from the ground. Upon which I shall desire liberty, with the reader's patience, to enlarge a little.
This diversion② is only practised by those persons who are candidates for great employments, and high favour at court. They are trained in this art from their youth, and are not always of noble birth, or liberal education. When a great office is vacant③, either by death or disgrace (which often happens,) five or six of those candidates petition the emperor to entertain his majesty and the court with a dance on the rope; and whoever jumps the highest, without falling, succeeds in the office. Very often the chief ministers themselves are commanded to show their skill, and to convince the emperor that they have not lost their faculty. Flimnap, the treasurer④, is allowed to cut a caper on the straight rope, at least an inch higher than any other lord in the whole empire. I have seen him do the summerset several times together, upon a trencher fixed on a rope which is no thicker than a common packthread in England. My friend Reldresal, principal secretary for private affairs, is, in my opinion, if I am not partial, the second after the treasurer; the rest of the great officers are much upon a par.
格列佛游记(节选)
皇帝和朝臣们对我的君子风范和善良举止很是欢喜。事实上,军队和人民也普遍对我怀有好感,这样我开始希望在短期内重获自由。我用一切可能的办法来讨好他们,渐渐地,当地人不太害怕我对他们会有什么威胁了。有时我枕地而卧,伸手让五六个人在上面跳舞,最后男孩女孩们也敢跑进我的头发里玩捉迷藏了。在听懂和说他们的语言上,我现在也进步颇大。一日,皇帝召我去看他们国内的几种表演,这些演出的精彩恢宏程度超过了我所知的任何国家。我看得最开心的是绳上跳舞表演,他们在一根长约两英尺、离地十二英寸的白色细绳上表演。我打算详细地叙述这件事,请读者不要着急。
只有那些正在候补重要职位或者希望获得朝廷恩宠的人,才有资格表演这种技艺。为了表演这种技艺,他们从小就开始接受训练。这些人并非都是贵族出身,也不一定受过良好教育。每当有重要官职空缺,不论是原官辞世还是失宠撤职(这种事常常发生),就会有五六位候补人员呈请皇帝准许他们给皇帝陛下及朝廷百官表演一次绳上跳舞,谁跳得最高,并且不掉下来,谁就接任这个职位。此外大官们也常常奉命表演这种技艺,以使皇帝相信他们并未忘却自己的本领。在拉直的绳上跳舞,财政大臣福林纳浦跳得比国内任何一位大臣至少要高出一英寸。我曾看到,在一只固定在绳子上的木盘里,他一连翻了好几个跟头,那根绳子只有英国常见的包扎绳那么细。要我不偏袒地说,在我看来,我的朋友内务大臣瑞尔德里沙的本领仅次于财政大臣,至于其余大臣,本领都在伯仲之间。
知识积累
①hide-and-seek n.捉迷藏
②diversion n.消遣;娱乐;转向;转移;转移注意力的事物;分心的事物
③vacant adj.(地方)空着的;无人用的;(职位、工作)空缺的;茫然的;失神的
④treasurer n.会计;司库;财务主管;出纳员
素养链接
乔纳森·斯威夫特(1667~1745)是18世纪英国著名文学家、讽刺作家、政治家,被高尔基誉为“世界文学创造者之一”。其代表作品是《格列佛游记》,其他作品有《一只桶的故事》《书的战争》,另有大量的政论和讽刺诗以抨击英国殖民主义政策,受到读者热烈欢迎。
2(共44张PPT)
UNIT 3 Back to the past
Section Ⅴ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1.通过分析课文结构，了解文章大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（语言能力， 学习能力）
2.通过分析课文细节，培养分析长难句的能力。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解，了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
1.be about to ______即将孵化
hatch
2.react _________反应强烈
violently
3.____ the surface smooth 将表面擦光
rub
4.economic _______经济改革
reform
5.maximize _______最大化产量
output
6.____________ change 根本变化
fundamental
7._________ steam engine 实用型蒸汽机
practical
1._________像往常一样；照例
as usual
2.______________适合
be suitable for
3.___________总的来说
as a whole
4.________________对……表示尊重
show respect for
5.______________处于极度痛苦之中
in terrible pain
6.suffer serious burns ______________
遭受严重烧伤
7.stand on the deck ____________
站在甲板上
8.be thrown into the sea ____________
被扔进大海
9.abandon ship ______
弃船
10.drag... into the lifeboat __________________
把……拖进救生艇
1.The next day， President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech， in
which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy”...（“介词
+which”引导定语从句）
翻译 第二天，罗斯福总统发表了著名的珍珠港演讲，他在演讲中称12月7日为“一个耻
辱的日子”……
仿写 There was one respect, however, _____________________.
然而，他们在一点上有分歧。
in which they differed
2.Today， the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
（where引导地点状语从句）
翻译 今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在它当时沉没的地方:太平洋中央。
仿写 We must camp _______________________.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
where we can get water
3.Although about eight decades has passed， the attack on Pearl Harbor， one of the
darkest episodes in American history， will never be forgotten.（同位语）
翻译 尽管大约80年过去了，珍珠港事件，美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一，将永远不会
被遗忘。
仿写 Yesterday I met Tom， _______________________.
昨天我遇到了汤姆，他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
a friend of my brother's
细读课文，明确教材细节
Choose the best answers according to the passage on Pages 39-40.
1.Where was Russell when Japanese planes dropped bombs ( )
A
A.On the USS Arizona. B.In the dining room.
C.On the bed. D.In the desk.
2.How many people died aboard the Arizona when the attack took place ( )
C
A.2，403. B.3，178.
C.More than 1，000. D.More than a hundred.
核心单词
知识点1 dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n.冲；扑；俯冲；潜水；跳水 ＊diver n.潜水员 ＊diving n.潜水；跳水
（P39）They werediving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor.
它们俯冲下来把炸弹投到珍珠港。
知识拓展
dive into 潜入；跳入
dive into one's bag/pocket 迅速将手伸入某人的提包/衣袋（取出东西）
经典佳句
The plane made a dive to a lower attitude.
飞机俯冲到较低高度。
The young couple took a photo when they were diving in the sea.
这对情侣在海里潜水时拍了张照片。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）She dived _____ a pool.
into
（2）He ______（dive） into his pocket and produced a packet of candies.
dived
（3）We went _______（dive） on the coral reef.
diving
知识点2 freeze v.（froze， frozen）突然停止；呆住；结冰；冻僵 ＊freezing adj.冰冷的；极冷的 ＊frozen adj.（河、湖等）结冰的；冷冻的；冷藏的 ＊freezer n.冰箱；冷冻库
（P39）Russell felt his blood freeze， but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.
拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了，但他很快反应过来，冲到甲板上。
知识拓展
freeze with 因……而呆住
freeze to death 冻死
freeze up （某物）冻住；（因紧张、害怕或兴奋）不动；停住；惊呆；吓呆；冻结
freeze sb with a frown 皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧
经典佳句
A freezer freezes water solid.
冰箱能使水冻结成固体。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Shelley froze _____horror when she saw the body.
with
（2）I was so nervous that I froze ____.
up
（3）Hundreds of homeless people may freeze ___ death this winter.
to
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）Rather than ________________________________，she prefers to ride on a
crowded bus.
与其在寒冷的天气里骑自行车，她更喜欢坐拥挤的公交车。
ride a bike in the freezing weather
知识点3 meanwhile adv.同时；其间；对比之下 n.其间；其时
（P39）Louis，meanwhile， also standing on the deck， was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.
与此同时，路易也站在甲板上，幸运地没有被扔进海里。
知识拓展
in the meanwhile 在此期间；与此同时
for the meanwhile 一会儿；暂时
经典佳句
Bob spent fifteen months alone on his yacht. Ann， meanwhile， took care of the children on her own.
鲍勃独自在他的游艇上待了十五个月。在这段时间，安一个人照顾孩子。
融会应用 写出下列句中黑体词的含义
（1）The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile， you must rest as much
as possible._________
adv.其间
（2）Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise， meanwhile， can
reduce its effects._____________
adv.对比之下
（3）Brush the eggplant with oil， add salt and pepper， and bake till soft.
Meanwhile， heat the remaining oil in a heavy pan._________
adv.同时
知识点4 hatch vt.密谋；策划；使孵出 vi.孵化
（P40）Japan hadhatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor， so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States.
日本策划了偷袭珍珠港的阴谋，所以没有发出任何警告，也没有对美国宣战。
知识拓展
hatch out 孵出；策划
hatch sth （up） 策划/密谋某事
经典佳句
A plot was hatched in secrecy.
一个阴谋在暗中策划着。
The hen has hatched all her chickens.
这只母鸡已经孵出了她的全部小鸡。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The eggs take twenty days _________（hatch）.
to hatch
（2）All the chicks have ________（hatch） out.
hatched
知识点5 sink v.（sank，sunk）下沉；沉没；坐下；降低 n.（厨房里的）洗涤池；洗碗槽
（P40）Today， the USS Arizona lies where itsank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在它当时沉没的地方：太平洋中央。
知识拓展
be sunk in ... 陷入……中
a sinking ship 一艘沉船
经典佳句
On its first voyage， the big ship hit an iceberg and then sank to the bottom of the sea.
在第一次航行时，这艘大船撞上了冰山，然后沉到了海底。
With his problem settled， he sank back into his comfortable chair with relief.
他的问题解决之后，他如释重负地坐到他那把舒适的椅子上。
融会应用 写出下列句中黑体词的含义
（1）Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink! ________________
n.洗涤池;洗碗槽
（2）She sank back into her seat， exhausted._______
v.坐下
（3）The sun was sinking in the west._______
v.下沉
知识点6 pray vi.&vt.企盼；祈求；祈祷；祷告
（P40）They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor， to learn about the attack， to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and topray for world peace.
他们来这里是为了看那艘船在海底的影子，了解这次袭击，向那些在袭击中丧生的人表示敬意，并为世界和平祈祷。
知识拓展
pray （to sb） for... （向某人）恳求……
pray to do sth 祈求做某事
经典佳句
It is customary to paste spring couplets on the door and paper cuttings on the windows to pray for good luck.
在门上贴春联和在窗户上贴剪纸以祈祷好运是一种习俗。
We prayed that she would recover from her illness.
我们为她的康复祈祷。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）He felt sorry for what he had said and prayed ______________ （forgive） .
to be forgiven
（2）She prayed ___ heaven ____ an end to her sufferings.
to
for
知识点7 reform vt.改进；改良；改革 n.改革；改良 ＊reformer n.改革者；革新者；改良者 ＊reformed adj.改革过的；改革派的
（P41）Machine designs were reformed and the textile output increased considerably.
机器设计进行了改良，纺织品产量有了很大提高。
知识拓展
the reform of... ……的改革
economic/political/educational reform 经济/政治/教育改革
far-reaching/major/sweeping reforms 意义深远的/重大的/彻底的改革
经典佳句
Many were suspicious of the reform.
很多人对改革持怀疑态度。
She argued powerfully for reform.
她为改革进行了有力的辩论
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）In the next stage, he demanded more sweeping ________（reform）.
reforms
（2）A _________（reform） is someone who tries to change and improve something
such as a law or a social system.
reformer
（3）Greeley says he's a genuinely _________（reform） character.
reformed
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）Students' motivation and passion for study have been stimulated as a result of
_________________.
由于教育改革，学生的学习动机和热情得到了激发。
educational reform
（5）__________________Chinese higher education， more and more colleges and
universities put emphasis on nurturing students' abilities.
随着中国高等教育改革的不断深入，越来越多的高校开始重视学生能力的培养。
With the reform of
短语句式
知识点8 where引导地点状语从句
（P40）Today， the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在它当时沉没的地方：太平洋中央。
知识拓展
此处where引导地点状语从句。
where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：
（1）where引导定语从句时，是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，前面有表示地点的先行词。
（2）where引导状语从句时，是从属连词，所引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。
（3）有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面，而where引导的定语从句则不能。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者,事竟成。
It is well known that the panda lives where there is plenty of bamboo.
=It is well known that the panda lives in places where there is plenty of bamboo.
众所周知，熊猫生活在有大量竹子的地方。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）As young men， we should learn to stand up ______________.
作为年轻人，我们应该学会在我们跌倒的地方站起来。
where we fall
（2）______________________， there is life.
有阳光的地方就有生命。
Where there is sunshine
Ⅰ.品句填空
1.She invited 750 people _______（上船） the luxury yacht， the Savarona.
aboard
2.Some people would not touch the public w_________door with their hands.
ashroom
3.The police wear dark blue u________.
niforms
4.She shook her head v________.
iolently
5.An e_____ circled high overhead.
agle
6.She was standing by a pool， about to d____ in.
ive
7.There was t _______and lightning， and torrential rain.
hunder
8.If the temperature drops below 0 ℃， water f_______.
reezes
9.Political stability，__________（与此同时）， will be a prime concern.
meanwhile
10.Use your mouse to _____（拖） the pictures to their new size.
drag
Ⅱ.选词填空
be dressed in； get in touch with； shift... from...to...； drag （sb） into； be able
to； be awakened by
1.We must _____________ uniform at school.
be dressed in
2.Early the next day， however， he _________________ the sound of thunder.
was awakened by
3.He nervously _______his weight______ foot ___ foot.
shifted
from
to
4.He ____________fulfill himself through his painting.
was able to
5.Adding documents to a repository is as simple as __________________a folder
（文件夹）.
dragging them into
6.I'm definitely going to _________________these people.
get in touch with
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.She ____________________after her collapse at work.
她在工作时晕倒后被送进了医院。
was taken to hospital
2.Nobody who was near ____________the crime is above suspicion.
犯罪现场附近的任何人都不能排除嫌疑。
the scene of
3.They ______________ to murder the king.
他们谋划杀害国王。
hatched a plot
4.How many people will be given prizes ________
总共将有多少人获奖
in total
5.The failure was ________________ me.
那次失败给我很大的打击。
a great shock to
6.The product was developed ______________customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
in response to
7.Each process _______________ a unique color.
每个流程用不同的颜色标记。
is marked with
8.A teacher's primary goal is to teach students the best they can about how to
________________one another.
教师的首要目标是尽其所能地教导学生如何相互尊重。
show respect for
9.Many of us hoped and __________________.
我们中的许多人希望和祈祷奇迹。
prayed for miracles
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack， but they
were fortunate enough 1.______（be） among the few survivors from the Arizona.
Nobody had expected the bombing. Japan 2.____________（hatch） a plot to launch
a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor， so the attack began without 3.________（warn）
and without declaring war on the United States. 4._____ attack destroyed nearly 20
American ships and over 180 airplanes. In total， more than 2，000 American people
5.___________（kill） and over 1，000 others were wounded that day. More than 1，
000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives.
to be
had hatched
warning
The
were killed
The ship shook 6._________（violent） and the men looked at each other 7.___
horror. Above their heads， hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They
were 8._______（dive） down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. The scream of their
engines was deafening. 9.____ bombs thundered all around， 10._______（cloud） of
black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.
violently
in
diving
As
clouds
1.The United Nations General Assembly has adopted a resolution calling on all parties in the conflict to seek a political settlement.
联合国大会已采纳了一项呼吁所有冲突各方寻求政治解决的决议。
2.The remarkable achievements made in China's reform and opening up over the past 40-plus years are a result of the actions of our people and our officials.
中国改革开放40多年的辉煌成就，是广大干部群众共同努力的结果。
3.The news agency reported an official as saying that preparations were under way for the next Shenzhou launch.
新闻社报道称，一名官员表示，下一次发射神舟飞船的准备工作正在进行。
4.She recalled an incident some years ago when she and her colleagues had to go to great lengths to convince a student's family， especially his grandparents， with whom the child lived， that the boy had ADHD and needed medication and behavioral intervention.
她回忆了几年前的一次事件，当时她和她的同事们不得不竭尽全力说服一名学生的家人，尤其是与孩子一起生活的祖父母，让他们相信男孩患有多动症，需要药物治疗和行为干预。
美篇导读
《格列佛游记》是英国作家乔纳森·斯威夫特创作的一部长篇游记体讽刺小说，首次出版于1726年。作品以里梅尔·格列佛船长的口气叙述周游四国的经历。这部小说通过格列佛在利立浦特、布罗卜丁奈格、飞岛国、慧骃国的奇遇，反映了18世纪前半期
英国统治阶级的腐败和罪恶，还以较为完美的艺术形式表达了作者的思想观念。作者用了丰富的讽刺手法和虚构的幻想写出了荒诞而离奇的情节，深刻地反映了当时的英国议会中毫无意义的党派斗争，以及统治集团的昏庸腐朽和唯利是图，对殖民战争的残酷暴戾进行了揭露和批判，同时它在一定程度上歌颂了殖民地人民反抗统治者的英勇斗争。
美篇呈现
Gulliver's Travels （Excerpt）
My gentleness and good behaviour had gained so far on the emperor and his court， and indeed upon the army and people in general， that I began to conceive hopes of getting my liberty in a short time. I took all possible methods to cultivate this favourable disposition. The natives came， by degrees， to be less apprehensive of any danger from me. I would sometimes lie down， and let five or six of them dance on my hand； and at last the boys and girls would venture to come and play at hide-and-seek① in my hair. I had now made a good progress in understanding and speaking the language. The emperor had a mind one day to entertain me with several
of the country shows， wherein they exceed all nations I have known， both for dexterity and magnificence. I was diverted with none so much as that of the rope-dancers， performed upon a slender white thread， extended about two feet， and twelve inches from the ground. Upon which I shall desire liberty， with the reader's patience， to enlarge a little.
This diversion② is only practised by those persons who are candidates for great employments， and high favour at court. They are trained in this art from their youth， and are not always of noble birth， or liberal education. When a great office is vacant③， either by death or disgrace （which often happens，） five or six of
those candidates petition the emperor to entertain his majesty and the court with a dance on the rope； and whoever jumps the highest， without falling， succeeds in the office. Very often the chief ministers themselves are commanded to show their skill， and to convince the emperor that they have not lost their faculty. Flimnap， the treasurer④， is allowed to cut a caper on the straight rope， at least an inch higher than any other lord in the whole empire. I have seen him do the summerset several times together， upon a trencher fixed on a rope which is no thicker than a common packthread in England. My friend Reldresal， principal secretary for private affairs， is， in my opinion， if I am not partial， the second after the treasurer； the rest of the great officers are much upon a par.
格列佛游记（节选）
皇帝和朝臣们对我的君子风范和善良举止很是欢喜。事实上，军队和人民也普遍对我怀有好感，这样我开始希望在短期内重获自由。我用一切可能的办法来讨好他们，渐渐地，当地人不太害怕我对他们会有什么威胁了。有时我枕地而卧，伸手让五六个人在上面跳舞，最后男孩女孩们也敢跑进我的头发里玩捉迷藏了。在听懂和说他们的语言上，我现在也进步颇大。一日，皇帝召我去看他们国内的几种表演，这些演出的精彩恢宏程度超过了我所知的任何国家。我看得最开心的是绳上跳舞表演，他们在一根长约两英尺、离地十二英寸的白色细绳上表演。我打算详细地叙述这件事，请读者不要着急。
只有那些正在候补重要职位或者希望获得朝廷恩宠的人，才有资格表演这种技艺。为了表演这种技艺，他们从小就开始接受训练。这些人并非都是贵族出身，也不一定受过良好教育。每当有重要官职空缺，不论是原官辞世还是失宠撤职（这种事常常发生），就会有五六位候补人员呈请皇帝准许他们给皇帝陛下及朝廷百官表演一次绳上跳舞，谁跳得最高，并且不掉下来，谁就接任这个职位。此外大官们也常常奉命表演这种技艺，以使皇帝相信他们并未忘却自己的本领。在拉直的绳上跳舞，财政大臣福林纳浦跳得比国内任何一位大臣至少要高出一英寸。我曾看到，在一只固定在绳子上的木盘里，他一连翻了好几个跟头，那根绳子只有英国常见的包扎绳那么细。要我不偏袒地说，在我看来，我的朋友内务大臣瑞尔德里沙的本领仅次于财政大臣，至于其余大臣，本领都在伯仲之间。
知识积累
①hide-and-seek n.捉迷藏
②diversion n.消遣；娱乐；转向；转移；转移注意力的事物；分心的事物
③vacant adj.（地方）空着的；无人用的；（职位、工作）空缺的；茫然的；失神的
④treasurer n.会计；司库；财务主管；出纳员
素养链接
乔纳森·斯威夫特（1667~1745）是18世纪英国著名文学家、讽刺作家、政治家，被高尔基誉为“世界文学创造者之一”。其代表作品是《格列佛游记》，其他作品有《一只桶的故事》《书的战争》，另有大量的政论和讽刺诗以抨击英国殖民主义政策，受到读者热烈欢迎。
