Unit 4 Seasons 单元知识点自学案
重点单词:
Australia n.澳大利亚 Australian n.澳大利亚人(复数加s) footprint n.足迹,脚印
wet 潮湿 puddle n.水坑 snowy adj.下雪多的 dry 干燥的 kick v.踢 town n,城镇
Trip n.旅行 everything 每件事 shine n.光亮,晴天 picnic 野餐 bright adj.明亮的 brightly adv.明亮地
spend 花费 relative n.亲戚 during 在···的时候
grandparent 祖父母 packet 小包
feel 连系动词 +形容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词 “感觉,触摸 ” Blow 吹(the wind blow the rain)
重点短语:
Take a tip 去旅行 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Go on a picnic 去野餐= have a picnic
Knock +on/at 敲打 put forward “把……向前拨”,向前移,提出
Make snowmen 堆雪人 fly kites 放风筝
go swimming 游泳 go fishing/shopping/boating···
经典句型:
waht about ···? =how about··? 意思为“····怎么样呢?”
常用于询问消息或征询意见。后面加n./prep./v-ing 如:How about going home now?
The weather is ···in ···
详细讲解:
I love all four seasons.四个季节我都喜欢。(page43)
①All+the/指示代词/物主代词
②all+of+n (of可以省 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )略) 如:All of boys in our class are very handsome.
all+of+代词 (of不可以省略) 如:All of us want to go Shenzhen.
③all作主语的同位语时,放在be动词之后,行为动词之前。
如:we all go to school every day.每天我们都去上学。
④作人称代词的同位语时,all可以放在这些人称代词之后。
如:Our teacher loves us all.
⑤all作副词,“全部地,全都”修饰形容词、副词和介词。
如:we are all right.
Watch us go···看着我们离去··(page44)
watch sb. do sth.看见某人做过某事(强调动作的全过程)
watch sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)
类似用法的词还有:see, hear
See how deep the puddles get. 看水坑变得多深。(page44)
这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句,从句由疑问副词how引导,从句的语序是陈述语序。
Please tell me how far it is from your home to Yifu.请告诉我从你家到伊芙有多远。
What is the weat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her like in spring (page44)= How is the weather in spring
What is sb./sth. li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke = How is sb./sth. 询问“某人或某事怎样”的常用句型。后面可接时间或地点的介词短语。
如:what’s the weather like in Beijing --It’s cloudy.
5. In spring, the weather starts to get warm.在春天,天气开始变暖(page45)。
(1)statr意为“开始”,同义词为begin。均可接to do sth.或doing sth.开始做某事
注意:
①当谈论一项长期的习惯性的活动时,用动名词. I start learning English.我开始学习英语。
②主语是物不是人时,用不定式。 It start to snow.
③start/begi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n本身是ing形式时,后面接不定式。I’m starting/ beginning to write the letter.
④其后的动词与想法,感情有关时,多用不定式。She began/ started to understand it.
(2)此外,start还有(机器)发动,创办,动身出发等含义。
(3) get 作连系动词,意为“变得”,后常接形容词作表语。 The weather starts to get cool.
作实义动词,意为 “得到,收到” get a letter from sb.= hear from sb.收到某人来信
get 表示进入或变为某种状态 常接形容词
become 多用于书面语中,强调的是由一种状态变为另一种 可接形容词和名词
turn 强调的是变得和以前完全不一样 多接形容词,接名词时零冠词
grow 指的是渐渐地变成,强调变化的过程 多接形容词,也能接过去分词
go 多用来表示进入某种状态,多接令人不悦的形容词 bad, mad, hungry, wrong
如: The wind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is getting stronger and strong. I want to become a teacher.
When she saw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me, her face turned red. The boy is growing thinner.
Eggs soon go bad in hot weather.
6. Winter is often cold and snowy.冬天经常寒冷多雪。(page45)
①snowy形容词,意为“下雪多的”,是由名词snow加y构成的。
② Snow 作不可数名词“雪”;作可数名词“一场雪”。 play with snow. It is a heavy snow.
③ snow作动词,意为“下雪”。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) It is snowing heavily.雪正下得很大
7. People usually spend time with their relatives during the Spring Festival.(page45)
在春节期间,人们通常都是和亲戚一起度过。
(1)①spend 动词“度过”,spend time with sb.意为“与某人一起度过时光”
I usually spend m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y free time with my best friend, Tom.
②人+spend+时间/金钱+ on sth. “某人花费多少时间/金钱在某事上”
如: spend money on b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooks
③人+ spend+时间/金钱+ (in) doing sth. 表示“花费多少时间/金钱做某事”
如:She spends all day (in) learning English.
(2)during介词,“在……期间” the Spring Festival= the Chinese New Year
Don’t speak during the meal.吃饭时别说话。
during与in的辨析:
1.强调动作或状态的持续性时用during,某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点用in. During the three months he always asks a lot of questions. We usually spend a holiday in July.2.在季节名词前,用in是泛指,不用冠词;但是用during是特指,要用定冠词 the Children enjoy flying kites in spring. We often go skating during the winter.3.在表示一段时间的名词(如holiday, stay, visit, lesson, meal等)前,一般要用during
8. Marry will get maryied on Monday morning.玛丽将在星期一上午结婚。(page52)
(1)get marry意为“结婚”
be/get married to sb表示与某人结婚。Jane was married to a doctor last month
marry sb表示嫁给某人;与......结婚。例如:John married Mary last week.
marry sb to sb表示父母把女儿嫁给某人或为儿子娶媳妇。
例如:She married her daughter to a businessman.她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
(6)marry作不及物动词时,往往用副词或介词短语来修饰。例如:
She married very early. 她很早就结婚了。
(7)marry 一般不与介词with 连用。例如:She married an Englishman
(8)若问某某是否结婚,而不涉及结婚的对象,可用be / get married的形式,
相当于系表结构。例如:你结婚了吗?Are you married / Have you got marrie
The weather in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) middle and east of China is quite different.(page54)
中国中部和东部的天气很不相同。
weather是不可数名词 in the middle在中间
quite与very
(1)在一般情况下,quite和very在修饰形容词时可互换。 The picture is q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uite/very beautiful. It’s not quite/very hot today.(2)在修饰表示精神状态的形容词时,用very多不用quite。I am very sorry to hear that.(3)quite可以单独用来修 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )饰动词,但very不可以单独用来修饰动词,而必须用very much. I quite like swimming.= I like swimming very much.(4)very通常放在不定冠词之后,而 quite则常放在不定冠词之前。 It is a very cold morning. She is quite a lovely girl.
Grammar 形容词
形容词是表示人或事物的性质、状态,一般 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )置于它所修饰的名词之前作定语,或连系动词之后作表语。本单元主要讲解形容词在句中作定语,表语和用在“It is +adj.+to do sth”句型中。
一、形容词的用法
1、形容词作定语
(1)大多数形容词作定语修饰名词时,其位置在被修饰的名词前,说明名词的品质或特征。
She is a tll girl.她是一个高个子女孩。 He is a good teacher.他是一名好老师。
(2)但在下列情况下,形容词却放在它所修饰的名词之后。
a. 当被修饰的词是不定代词someb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词,作定语时要后置。
I would like something cheap.我想要点便宜的东西。
Is there anything new in that book 那本书里有什么新东西吗?
b. 形容词短语作定语时,要放在所修饰的名词的后面。这些形容词短语多由“形容词+介词/不定式符号”构成。
It’s a problem diffcult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。
I think he is a man suitable for the job.我认为他是个适合做这项工作的人。
(3)enough等形容词修饰名词时可前置或后置。
We have enough time/ time enough.我们有足够的时间。
(注:形/副+ enough,此时enough 必须后置)
2.形容词作表语
形容词作表语,常位于连系 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词be(am, is, are), become, get, turn,look, keep, seem等词的后面,说明主语的特征、状态或身份。
The food is deli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cious.这种食物美味可口。 The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。
Gengerally speaki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng, it is cold in the north, it is warm in the south.
一般来说,北方天气冷,南方天气暖和。
3.句型“It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.(不定式短语)”
这个句型中,常用important, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) interesting, exciting, nice, easy, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, important等形容词。
It is dangerous to climb this hill.爬这座山很危险。
It is interesting to play in the snow.在雪里玩是有趣的。
It is important to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )listen to the teacher carefully in class.课堂上认真听老师讲课很重要。
a.此句型中,如果表语是kind, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) nice, right, wrong, clever, polite等描述性格、品质的形容词,则应在不定式前加of sb. “It is +adj. +of sb. + to do sth.”某人做某事是……
如: It is very kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了。
It’s clever of you to do so.你这样做真聪明。
b. 如果形容词表示“对某人而言” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),描述的是事情的性质,可在动词不定式前加一个for sb “It is +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.”对某人来说做某事是……
It's difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难。
It’s hard for me to answer your question.对我来说,要回答你的问题很难。
二、形容词变名词的方法
1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)
rain—rainy多雨的,cloud—cloudy多云的,health—healthy健康的,luck—lucky幸运的
注意:①如果名词以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写词尾的辅音
字母再加-y。如sun—sunny晴朗的,fog—foggy有雾的,fun—funny有趣的;
②如果以不发音的字母e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加y。如:
noise—noisy吵闹的, ice—icy冰冷
2.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。
care—careful小心的,thank—thankful感谢的,help—helpful有帮助的
3.一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。
China—chinese,Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American
4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。 danger--dangerous
5.在名词后加-ly变为形容词。 fri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )end—friendly, love—lovely(以-ly结尾的还有lonely, lively)
6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义形容词。如:care—careless粗心的, use—useless无用的
7.一些以-ence结尾的名词,把-ence改为ent变成形容词。
如: difference—different不同的, silence—silent安静的