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热点时事话题专练02环境保护
主要内容
1 一个男子拯救海星的故事
2 全球变暖是一个相当大的问题。作者建议从我做起，低碳出行；保护环境，人人有责
3 Sharma开发了新的技术，将空气中的颗粒物收集起来，制成空气墨水，供艺术家们创作
4 Von Wong 通过用塑料垃圾制成的大量雕塑，希望人类能够减少塑料垃圾的产生
5 牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关
6 降低污染可以预防因空气污染而夺去的生命
7 中国人们饮食的变化，其根本原因是政府引导人们多种植玉米来减少因种植水稻时使用化肥而对水质产生的污染
8 校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。请他提供环保作品
一、完形填空
（2021·鹰潭模拟）完形填空
I
want to do the right thing by the environment, and so do you. But, let's face
it: it isn't always 1． .
The
moment one thinks about the seriousness of the 2． we face, it is difficult not to feel
profoundly hopeless. For example, in order to 3． this article, I visit The World Counts (www.), which offers
all the latest 4． statistics (统计数据),
and it was 5． to send me to bed for the day.
There's
one thing I find 6． about trying to be 7． .
It is choosing between all the countless 8． on offer. Are bamboo toothbrushes better than
electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes Should one
replace old but perfectly usable smart phones with 9． and high-tech versions There is so much 10． out there to analyse. When I find myself in
despair (绝望), I 11． an article by Loren Eiseley in which two men
are walking along a beach covered by thousands of 12． ,
dying starfish. One of the men 13． throwing individual starfish back into the
water. The other man 14． that as there are so many starfish in trouble,
his companion's actions will make no 15． .
But the first man 16． that it will make a difference to each
starfish he manages to 17． .
It
is an oft-repeated story, but that doesn't make it any less 18． .
Someone has put it in a nutshell when he said, "it is the greatest of all 19． to do nothing because you can only do a little
— do what you 20． ."
1．A．interesting B．easy C．useful D．valuable
2．A．stress B．problem C．illness D．change
3．A．research B．view C．understand D．print
4．A．international B．historical C．environment D．advanced
5．A．enough B．helpful C．possible D．necessary
6．A．strangest B．greatest C．funniest D．hardest
7．A．healthier B．greener C．cleverer D．stronger
8．A．suggestion B．protection C．choices D．chances
9．A．new B．popular C．free D．unique
10．A．instruction B．preparation C．explanation D．information
11．A．continue B．receive C．complete D．remember
12．A．colorful B．made-up C．washed-up D．common
13．A．starts B．avoids C．forgets D．minds
14．A．point out B．proves C．works out D．imagines
15．A．promise B．difference C．effort D．secret
16．A．learns B．realizes C．replies D．accepts
17．A．control B．catch C．find D．save
18．A．difficult B．true C．enjoyable D．painful
19．A．cause B．challenges C．mistakes D．opportunities
20．A．need B．expect C．want D．can
【答案】1．B；2．B；3．A；4．C；5．A；6．D；7．B；8．C；9．A；10．D；11．D；12．C；13．A；14．A；15．B；16．C；17．D；18．B；19．C；20．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者用一个男子拯救海星的故事告诉我们：保护环境虽然非常困难，但是做点力所能及的事就是有意义的。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：但是，让我们面对现实：这并不总是容易的。A.interesting“有趣的”；B.easy“容易的”；C.useful“有用的”；D.valuable“有价值的”。根据上文“I want to do the right thing by the environment, and so do you. But”我想为保护环境做些正确的事，你也一样。以及表示转折关系的But可知，想为保护环境做正确的事情并不总是容易的。故选B。
2．句意：一想到我们所面临问题的严重性，就很难不感到深深的绝望。A.stress“压力”；B.problem“问题”；C.illness“疾病”；D.change“变化”。根据上文“I want to do the right thing by the environment”我想为保护环境做些正确的事，可知，此处是指环境问题。故选B。
3．句意：例如，为了研究这篇文章，我访问了The World Counts (www.)，它提供了所有最新的环境统计数据，这足以让我躺下休息一天。A.research“调查，研究”；B.view“观察”；C.understand“明白”；D.print打印。根据“I visit The World Counts (www.)”可知，在网站上搜索数据的目的是研究这篇文章。故选A。
4．句意：例如，为了研究这篇文章，我访问了The World Counts (www.)，它提供了所有最新的环境统计数据，这足以让我躺下休息一天。A.international“国际的”；B.historical“历史的”；C.environment“环境”；D.advanced“先进的”。根据上文“I want to do the right thing by the environment”可知，这个网站是关于环境的。故选C。
5．句意：例如，为了研究这篇文章，我访问了The World Counts (www.)，它提供了所有最新的环境统计数据，这足以让我躺下休息一天。A.enough“足够的”；B.helpful“有帮助的”；C.possible“可能的”；D.necessary“必要的”。根据“which offers all the latest environment statistics”可知，此处是指搜索这些数据足以让“我”休息一天，旨在突出数据之多，工作量之大。故选A。
6．句意：我发现要想变得更环保，有一件事是最难的。A.strangest“最奇怪的”；B.greatest“最伟大的”；C.funniest“最有趣的”；D.hardest“最难的”。根据下文“Are bamboo toothbrushes better than electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes ”竹制牙刷比电动牙刷好吗？火车造成的污染总是比飞机少吗？可知，做出最环保的选择是最困难的事。故选D。
7．句意：我发现要想变得更环保，有一件事是最难的。A.healthier“更健康的”；B.greener“更环保的”；C.cleverer“更聪明的”；D.stronger“更强壮的”。根据下文“Are bamboo toothbrushes better than electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes ”竹制牙刷比电动牙刷好吗？火车造成的污染总是比飞机少吗？可知，此处是指要想变得更环保，做出最环保的选择是最难的。故选B。
8．句意：它是在无数的选择中做出正确的选择。A.suggestion“建议”；B.protection“保护”；C.choices“选择”；D.chances“机会”。根据下文“Are bamboo toothbrushes better than electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes ”竹制牙刷比电动牙刷好吗？火车造成的污染总是比飞机少吗？可知，此处是指在无数的选择中做出正确的选择。故选C。
9．句意：我们应该用新的高科技版本取代旧的但完全可用的智能手机吗？A.new“新的”；B.popular“流行的”；C.free“自由的”；D.unique“独特的”。根据“old but perfectly usable smart phones”可知，此处是指新的高科技版本。故选A。
10．句意：有太多的信息需要分析。A.instruction“指导”；B.preparation“准备”；C.explanation“解释”；D.information“信息”。根据“to analyse”可知，此处是指分析信息。故选D。
11．句意：当我发现自己陷入绝望时，我想起了洛伦·艾斯利的一篇文章。在这篇文章中，两个人走在一个海滩上，海滩上满是被冲上岸的、濒临死亡的海星。A.continue“继续”；B.receive“收到”；C.complete“完成”；D.remember“记得”。根据“When I find myself in despair”可知，此处是指“我”想起了洛伦·艾斯利的一篇文章。故选D。
12．句意：当我发现自己陷入绝望时，我想起了洛伦·艾斯利的一篇文章。在这篇文章中，两个人走在一个海滩上，海滩上满是被冲上岸的、濒临死亡的海星。A.colorful“五彩缤纷的”；B.made-up“捏造的”；C.washed-up“冲洗的”；D.common“普遍的”。根据“dying starfish”可知，此处是指被冲上岸的、濒临死亡的海星。故选C。
13．句意：其中一名男子开始把一只一只海星扔回水中。A.starts“开始”；B.avoids“避免”；C.forgets“忘记”；D.minds“介意”。根据下文，既然有这么多海星有麻烦，他同伴的行动不会有什么影响，可知，其中一名男子开始把一只一只海星扔回水中。故选A。
14．句意：另一个人指出，既然有这么多海星有麻烦，他同伴的行动不会有什么影响。A.point out“指出”；B.proves“证明”；C.works out“锻炼”；D.imagines“想象”。根据“as there are so many starfish in trouble, his companion's actions will make no difference”可知，此处是指另一个人提出自己的观点，指出他的问题。故选A。
15．句意：另一个人指出，既然有这么多海星有麻烦，他同伴的行动不会有什么影响。A.promise“承诺”；B.difference“不同，影响”；C.effort“努力”；D.secret“秘密”。根据“there are so many starfish in trouble”可知，此处是指他同伴的行动不会有什么影响。故选B。
16．句意：但是第一个人回答说，这对他设法拯救的每一只海星都有影响。A.learns“学习”；B.realizes“意识到”；C.replies“回复”；D.accepts“接受”。根据“it will make a difference to each starfish”可知，此处是指他对同伴的回复。故选C。
17．句意：但是第一个人回答说，这对他设法拯救的每一只海星都有影响。A.control“控制”；B.catch“赶上”；C.find“发现”；D.save“拯救”。根据“throwing individual starfish back into the water”可知，他在设法拯救海星，所以是指这对他设法拯救的每一只海星都有影响。故选D。
18．句意：这是一个经常被重复的故事，但这并不意味着它不真实。A.difficult“艰难的”；B.true“真实的”；C.enjoyable“快乐的”；D.painful“痛苦的”。根据转折词but可知，这个故事虽然老生常谈，但是不影响它的真实性。故选B。
19．句意：最大的错误是认为你不会产生多大的影响就什么都不做——做你能做的。A.cause“原因”；B.challenges“挑战”；C.mistakes“错误”；D.opportunities“机会”。根据“do nothing”可知，此处是指什么都不做是最大的错误。故选C。
20．句意：最大的错误是认为你不会产生多大的影响就什么都不做——做你能做的。A.need“需要”；B.expect“期待”；C.want“想要”；D.can“能够”。根据上文“it will make a difference to each starfish he manages to save”可知，此处是指做到你力所能及的。故选D。
21．（2020·新乡模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We're
encouraged to be nice to other people. However, many people （1） to be nice to the environment. Nature has （2） the alarm and global warming is quite a big （3） today in the 21st century. Carbon dioxide is
the largest pollutant. That （4） causes greenhouse gases to stay in the earth's
atmosphere, （5） the temperature of the globe, causing abnormal
weather and melting glaciers in the north and south.
Simple
things we can do every day can help （6） the earth, prevent the extinction of animals
such as the polar bear, and make the earth a （7） place to live in for us and future generations
to come.
I've found tons of carbon dioxide are sent out by
cars every day, （8） to the climate crisis. So I decide to take （9） now to publicize the danger of carbon dioxide,
or （10） do something worthwhile to help slow the rise
of the weather.
There
are many ways for me to help reduce global warming. I often choose public （11） , buses, for
example. This can （12） money and energy. I prefer to bike or walk
whenever I can. Somehow, I've （13） my body and grown muscles （14） the preference. If I have to go to a place and
I can't walk, I'll share a car with others. I feel very （15） that New York city has decided to popularize
hybrid (混合的) buses.
I also
try to （16） friends and family to do the same in order to
reduce carbon dioxide release. If everyone does something to help, together we
can make a （17） .
People
who are interested can visit the （18） www.environmentaldefense.org
to work with me. I'm （19） for everyone's support and let's fight
together to make the earth healthy, （20） and free from pollution.
（1）A．resolve B．hurry C．swear D．forget
（2）A．shut B．sounded C．preferred D．broken
（3）A．threat B．opportunity C．mystery D．fantasy
（4）A．population B．solid C．pollution D．surface
（5）A．increasing B．recording C．reducing D．maintaining
（6）A．destroy B．preserve C．decorate D．acknowledge
（7）A．quieter B．hotter C．better D．larger
（8）A．leading B．admitting C．adapting D．applying
（9）A．breath B．action C．cover D．offer
（10）A．never B．so C．ever D．even
（11）A．transportation B．space C．justification D．entertainment
（12）A．produce B．combine C．economize D．employ
（13）A．enquired about B．pulled up C．cared about D．built up
（14）A．as for B．thanks to C．except for D．regardless of
（15）A．absurd B．annoyed C．delighted D．sensitive
（16）A．forbid B．urge C．warn D．permit
（17）A．profit B．promise C．bet D．difference
（18）A．site B．item C．channel D．charity-
（19）A．guilty B．qualified C．hungry D．noted
（20）A．autonomous B．digital C．enormous D．clean
【答案】（1）D；（2）B；（3）A；（4）C；（5）A；（6）B；（7）C；（8）A；（9）B；（10）D；（11）A；（12）C；（13）D；（14）B；（15）C；（16）B；（17）D；（18）A；（19）C；（20）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，很多人忘记了善待环境。全球变暖是一个相当大的问题。作者建议从我做起，低碳出行；保护环境，人人有责。
（1）考查动词。句意：然而，很多人忘了对环境友好。 A. resolve“解决”； B. hurry “匆忙”；C. swear“诅咒，发誓”； D. forget“忘记”。根据上文，我们被鼓励善待他人。本句中however,然而，可知，之后的内容和前面的内容相反。故选D。
（2）考查动词。句意：自然界敲响了警钟，在21世纪的今天，全球变暖是一个相当大的威胁。 A. shut“关闭”；B. sounded“发出声音”； C. preferred“偏爱”；D. broken“破坏”。根据语境可知，大自然已经发出了警报。故选B。
（3）考查名词。A. threat“威胁”； B. opportunity“ 机会”；C. mystery“神秘”； D. fantasy“幻想”。根据下文，二氧化碳是最大的污染物，可知，这使得全球变暖是一个相当大的威胁。故选A。
（4）考查名词。句意：污染导致温室气体留在地球的大气层中，增加了地球的温度，造成了不正常的天气和南北冰川的融化。A. population“人口”； B. solid“ 固体”； C. pollution “污染”；D. surface“表面”。二氧化碳污染导致温室气体滞留在地球的大气层中，升高了全球气温，导致气候异常，融化了南北极冰川。故选C。
（5）考查动词。A. increasing“增加 ”； B. recording“记录”； C. reducing“减少”； D. maintaining“保持”。根据下文“causing abnormal weather and melting glaciers in the north and south.” 造成了不正常的天气和南北冰川的融化。可知，这些污染物使全球的温度是增加了，故选A。
（6）考查动词。句意：我们每天可以做的简单的事情可以帮助保护地球。A. destroy“破坏”； B. preserve“ 保护”； C. decorate“装饰”； D. acknowledge“感谢”。根据下文“prevent the extinction of animals such as the polar bear”,阻止像北极熊这样的动物灭绝，可知，这些简单的事情是对地球的保护。故选B。
（7）考查形容词。句意：防止像北极熊这样的动物灭绝，让地球成为我们和子孙后代更好的居住地。 A. quieter“更安静的”； B. hotter“ 更热的”；C. better “更好的”；D. larger“更大的”。根据下文可知，为了我们和下一代能够居住，这是有利的地方，所以此处表达的意思是让地球成为一个更利于居住的地方。故选C。
（8）考查动词。句意：我发现汽车每天排放大量的二氧化碳，导致了气候危机。A. leading “引起，导致”； B. admitting “承认”；C. adapting “适应”； D. applying“应用”。根据上文可知，每天汽车排出大量的二氧化碳，应给是导致气候危机。故选A。
（9）考查名词。句意：所以我决定现在就采取行动，宣传二氧化碳的危害，或者做一些有意义的事情来减缓气候的上升。A. breath“呼吸”；B. action “行动”；C. cover“ 封面”；D. offer“提议”。根据“publicize the danger of carbon dioxide“可知,“我”决定现在就采取行动，公开二氧化碳的危害。take action固定短语，“采取行动”，故选B。
（10）考查副词。A. never“从来没有”； B. so “如此”；C. ever“曾经”；D. even“甚至”。此处是比之前采取行动程度更深，做一些有意义的事情。与上一句为递进关系。故选D。
（11）考查名词。句意：我经常选择公共交通工具，比如公共汽车。A. transportation“交通 ”； B. space“ 空间”；C. justification“正当理由”； D. entertainment“娱乐”。此处指公共交通，故选A。
（12）考查动词。句意：这样可以节省金钱和能源。A. produce “制造”；B. combine“结合”； C. economize “节省，节约”；D. employ“雇佣”。根据上文可知，“我”选择的交通方式是公共交通，按照常识，这样可以节省钱和能源。故选C。
（13）考查动词短语。句意：不知何故，由于这种偏好，我强健了身体，锻炼出了肌肉。A. enquired about “询问，打听”；B. pulled up “减速停下”；C. cared about “担心，关心”； D. built up“增强”。根据“grown muscles ”可知，身体和肌肉是通过这样的方式增强了。故选D。
（14）考查介词短语。A. as for“关于，至于”； B. thanks to“ 幸亏”；C. except for “除了……之外”； D. regardless of“不管，不顾”。根据“ I prefer to bike or walk whenever I can”以及结合前半句，肌肉和身体是通过这样的方式增强了，这些都是多亏了自己的偏好。故选B。
（15）考查形容词。句意：我很高兴纽约市决定推广混合动力公交车。A. absurd“荒谬的，可笑的”；B. annoyed “恼怒的”；C. delighted“ 高兴的”；D. sensitive“体贴的”。根据下文，纽约市决定推广混合动力公交车，这对于减少温室效应是保护了地球。根据上文可知，作者决定采取行动，甚至做一些有意义的事情来减缓气温的上升。因而作为作者对此行为是赞同的，是高兴的。故选C。
（16）考查动词。句意：为了减少二氧化碳的排放，我也试图敦促朋友和家人也这样做。A. forbid“禁止”； B. urge“ 敦促”；C. warn “警告”；D. permit“许可，允许”。根据下文可知，为了减少二氧化碳的排放，应该是“我”也试着督促朋友和家人这样做。故选B。
（17）考查名词。句意：如果每个人都能帮上忙，我们就能改变世界。A. profit “利润”； B. promise“承诺”； C. bet“打赌”； D. difference“影响”。根据语境可知，如果每个人都做一些有利环境的事，大家一起就能有所作为，就能改变世界。make a difference，固定短语，“有影响，有意义”。故选D。
（18）考查名词。句意：有兴趣的人可以访问网站 www.environmentaldefense.org 和我一起工作。A. site“网站”； B. item “项目，物品”；C. channel“ 频道”；D. charity“慈善”。根据下文中的网址www.environmentalde fense.org可知，选A。
（19）考查形容词。句意：我渴望每个人的支持，让我们一起努力，让地球变得健康，干净，没有污染。A. guilty“愧疚的”； B. qualified “合格的”；C. hungry“渴望的”； D. noted“闻名的”。根据上文“If everyone does something to help, together we can make a ____17____ .”作者想到每个人要都支持的话，就会改变世界。所以此处是渴望得到每个人的支持。be hungry for固定短语，“渴望得到，渴求”，故选C。
（20）考查形容词。A. autonomous“自治的”； B. digital“数码的”； C. enormous “巨大的”； D. clean“干净的”。根据下文，远离污染，可知此处指的是干净的地球，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
二、阅读理解
（2022·西安模拟）阅读理解
On a break from his studies in the MIT Media Lab, Anirudh Sharma traveled home to Mumbai, India. While there, he noticed that throughout the day his T-shirts were gradually gathering something that looked like dirt. "I realized this was air pollution, or sooty (像煤一样) particulate matter (PM), made of black particles released from exhaust (尾气) of vehicles," Sharma says. "This is a major health issue." Soot consists of tiny black particles, about 2.5 micrometers or smaller, made of carbon produced by incomplete burning of fossil fuels.
Back at MIT, Sharma set out to help solve this air-pollution issue. After years of research, Sharma's startup Graviky Labs has developed technology that attaches to exhaust systems of diesel generators (柴油发电机) to collect particulate matter. Scientists at Graviky then turn it into ink, called Air-Ink, for artists around the world. So far, the startup has collected I.6 billion micrograms of particulate matter. More than 200 gallons of Air-Ink have been harvested for a growing community of more than 1,000 artists, from Bangalore to Boston, Shanghai, and London.
Posted all over Graviky Lab's Facebook page today are photos of art made from the Air-Ink and paint, including street wall paintings, body art and clothing prints. At first, there was still no specific application for the ink. Then the startup decided to find new ways to further spread its mission. It chose to do so through art. "Art helps us raise awareness about where the ink and paint comes from. Air pollution knows no borders. Our ink sends a message that pollution is one of the resources in our world that's the hardest to collect and use. But it can be done," Sharma says.
22．What struck Sharma most during his break in India
A．Dirt on his T-shirts. B．Health issue of the locals.
C．Coal industry in Mumbai. D．Incomplete burning of fossil fuels.
23．According to the text, Air-Ink is________.
A．a cleaner of outdoor air B．a product made from PM
C．a newly-founded company D．a printing technology
24．What can we infer about Air-Ink from the text
A．It improves artistic effect. B．It makes pollution acceptable.
C．It helps Sharma make a profit. D．It raises environmental awareness.
25．What might be the best title for the text
A．Arts Know No Borders
B．Waste Has No Price
C．Less Pollution, More Art
D．Creative Thinking, Effective Painting
【答案】22．A
23．B
24．D
25．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Sharma开发了新的技术，将空气中的颗粒物收集起来，制成空气墨水，供艺术家们创作。他的目的是为了提高人们的环境意识。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
22．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“he noticed that throughout the day his T-shirts were gradually gathering something that looked like dirt.”可知，在印度，Sharma注意到，他的T恤上都有一些看起来像灰尘样的东西越来越多。故选A。
23．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Sharma's startup Graviky Labs has developed technology that attaches to exhaust systems of diesel generators to collect particulate matter. Scientists at Graviky then turn it into ink, called Air-Ink… .”Sharma创建的Graviky 实验室开发了一种技术，可以连接到柴油发电机的排气系统上，收集颗粒物。然后，Graviky实验室的科学家将它转化为墨水，称为‘空气墨水'。其中it指代上一句中的收集的“particulate matter”即PM。由此可知，Air-Ink是由PM制成的产品。故选B。
24．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Art helps us raise awareness about where the ink and paint comes from.”艺术帮助我们提高对墨水和颜料来源的认识；以及第二段中提到Air-Ink是由PM（空气中的颗粒物）制成的，用Air-Ink创作的艺术画可以帮助我们认识到墨水和颜料是从哪里来的。可以推断，用Air-Ink 绘制艺术画可以帮助人们提高环境意识。故选D。
25．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“Our ink sends a message that pollution is one of the resources in our world that's the hardest to collect and use. But it can be done.”我们的墨水传达出一个信息：污染是世界上最难收集和利用的资源之一。但这是可以做到的。Sharma的研究表明虽然污染很难再次利用，但是还是可以做到的； Sharma利用技术，将空气中的污染颗粒物（PM）收集起来，制成Air-Ink，给艺术家们创作艺术作品，以提高人们的环境意识。他将污染加以回收利用，转化成艺术形式。因此文章标题应为“Less pollution, more art”。故选C。
（2021·全国乙）阅读理解
You've heard that plastic is polluting
the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every
year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures
out of plastic garbage, foreing viewers to re-examine their relationship to
single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the
artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse," a pair of 10-foot-tall
plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several
volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the
Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is
recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源)of
plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't
need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they
cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came
from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone,
the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted
to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of
plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic,
"Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of
plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also
help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
26．What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
27．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
28．What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A．Calming. B．Disturbing C．Refreshing D．Challenging.
29．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】26．C
27．A
28．B
29．D
【解析】【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了 Von Wong 通过用塑料垃圾制成的大量雕塑，来表达了人类产生塑料垃圾会对环境造成影响，并希望人类能够减少塑料垃圾的产生。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
26．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. ”你听说过塑料正在污染海洋——每年有在4.8到12.7吨的塑料进入海洋生态系统。但是一根塑料吸管或者一个杯子真的有影响吗？艺术家Benjamin Von Wong希望你们知道它的确如此。可知Von Wong的艺术品是为了提醒大众留意塑胶废物。故选C。
27．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. 及第二句中 because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled ”；以及“ Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. ”可知，该段讲了塑料吸管很难回收的现状以及其原因，也描述了塑料吸管要花很长的时间才能降解，用以展示它们回收的困难。故选A。
28．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. ”可知，Von Wong 制作这个名为 Truckload of Plastic 的作品的目的是为了展示人类排放塑料垃圾的速度之快——每60秒，就有一卡车的塑料进入海洋，所以在参观这一雕塑时，参观者显然是会感到令人不安的，故选B。
29．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了 Von Wong 通过用塑料垃圾制成的大量雕塑，来表达了人类产生塑料垃圾会对环境造成影响，并希望人类能够减少塑料垃圾的产生。D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”，符合文意，故选D。
30．（2019·汝州模拟）阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。
An international team of researchers from
the University of Oxford have found that the way people use the Internet is
closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural world. Their online
species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).
Migratory birds (候鸟) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory
behavior is accompanied by some human behavior. "In English-language
Wikipedia (维基百科), the online searches for migratory species
tend to increase in spring when those birds arrive in the United States,"
said the lead author John Mittermeier.
And not just birds. Mittermeier and his
team surveyed nearly 2.5 billion Wikipedia search records, for 32,000 species,
across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for insects,
horsetails and flowering plants. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in
Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.
This finding suggests new ways to monitor
changes in the world's biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how
much people care about nature, and which species and areas might be the most
effective targets for conservation.
Mittermeier is encouraged by the search
results. He commented, "I think there's a concern among conservationists (生态环境保护者) that people are losing touch with the natural world and that
they're not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that sense, it
was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people's Wikipedia
interest closely related to changes in nature."
Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from
the University of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation
biologists, "By using these big data approaches, we can direct our
attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species
and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do
the most to help."
（1）What have researchers found about species searches
A．They strengthen ties among people.
B．They affect the animal movements.
C．They differ in language backgrounds.
D．They reflect animal migration seasons.
（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3
A．To summarize the research process.
B．To further support the research findings.
C．To show the variety of species searches.
D．To present researchers' heavy work load.
（3）How does Mittermeier feel about the search results
A．Satisfied with Wikipedia's service.
B．Worried about Wikipedia behavior.
C．Amazed at people's care about nature.
D．Sad about people's not getting close to nature.
（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful
A．It helps to aim at conservation targets.
B．It increases interest in big data approaches.
C．It keeps track of trends in biologists' work.
D．It pushes people to solve difficult problems.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.”可知在维基百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people's Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。故选C。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
（2024高三下·德阳模拟） 阅读理解
Air pollution remains a critical health risk in the European Union, claiming over 500,000 lives in 2021, with findings suggesting nearly half of these could have been prevented if pollution were reduced to levels recommended by health experts. Data from the European Environment Agency (EEA) show that of these deaths, 253,000 were linked to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) going beyond the World Health Organization's (WHO) guideline limit of 5 micrograms per cubic meter. These particles are especially dangerous as they can pass into the bloodstream and affect various organs. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone also contributed to the mortality (死亡频率) statistics, associated with 52,000 and 22,000 deaths respectively. The EU's environment commissioner, Virginijus Sinkevicius, underlined that air pollution poses the top environmental health risk in the EU. Nevertheless, there is evidence of improvement, with deaths from PM2.5 decreasing by 41% between 2005 and 2021, and the EU targets a reduction of 55% by 2030.
In response to these concerns, the WHO, which updated its air quality guidelines in 2021, warns that no level of air pollution can be considered safe but has set upper limits for certain pollutants. The European Parliament vote to bring the EU's air quality standards in line with the WHO but decided to delay doing so until 2035.
Sinkevicius said that air quality is indeed improving due to effective clean air policies. Beyond death counts, the EEA also assessed air pollution's broader impact on diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes, stressing not only mortality but the quality of life impacts. EEA researcher Alberto Gonzalez Ortiz pointed to severe disability states caused by these conditions, worsened by air pollution.
The EEA's comprehensive approach shows that while the fight against air pollution has seen progress, immediate action is still critical to reduce pollution and reduce its widespread effects on public health.
31．Why does the author mention specific figures in Paragraph 1
A．To stress the risk of PM2.5 in the EU.
B．To illustrate the impact of air pollution.
C．To prove the improvement in air pollution.
D．To show the guidelines of EEA lose control.
32．What did the WHO do for the concerns
A．It adjusted air quality standards accordingly.
B．It didn't perform the new limits until 2035.
C．It claimed current pollution levels were relatively safe.
D．It decided to change the guidelines completely.
33．How did Sinkevicius feel about the air quality in the text
A．Concerned about its policies. B．Indifferent due to its level.
C．Uncertain about its impact. D．Optimistic about its progress.
34．What is the main focus of the passage
A．The impact of wise decisions on air pollution in the EU.
B．The specific health conditions worsened by air pollution.
C．The progress and challenges in dealing with air pollution.
D．The role of the WHO in establishing global health policies.
【答案】31．B
32．A
33．D
34．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究结果表明，降低污染可以预防因空气污染而夺去的生命。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
31．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Air pollution remains a critical health risk in the European Union, claiming over 500,000 lives in 2021, with findings suggesting nearly half of these could have been prevented if pollution were reduced to levels recommended by health experts. Data from the European Environment Agency (EEA) show that of these deaths, 253,000 were linked to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) going beyond the World Health Organization's (WHO) guideline limit of 5 micrograms per cubic meter. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone also contributed to the mortality (死亡频率) statistics, associated with 52,000 and 22,000 deaths respectively."空气污染仍然是欧盟的一个关键健康风险，2012年夺走了50多万人的生命，研究结果表明，如果污染降至卫生专家建议的水平，其中近一半是可以预防的。欧洲环境署的数据显示，在这些死亡病例中，25.3万例与细颗粒物接触有关，超过了世界卫生组织每立方米5微克的限制。二氧化氮和臭氧也造成了死亡，分别有5.2万人和2.2万人死去。可知，这些数字都表明了空气污染夺去了很多人的生命，故其证明了空气污染带来的影响，故选B。
32．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"In response to these concerns, the WHO, which updated its air quality guidelines in 2021, warns that no level of air pollution can be considered safe but has set upper limits for certain pollutants."为了回应这些担忧，世界卫生组织在2021年更新了其空气质量指南，并警告说，任何空气污染水平都不能认为是安全的，但对某些污染物设定了上限。可知，为了回应这些担忧，世界卫生组织更新了空气质量指南，故选A。
33．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Sinkevicius said that air quality is indeed improving due to effective clean air policies." Sinkevicius说道，因为有效的清洁空气政策，空气质量的确在改善。可知，Sinkevicius认为有效的政策的确促使空气质量的改善，故他对空气质量是持有积极乐观的态度，认为随着政策的进行，空气质量会越来越好，故选D。
34．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段"The EEA's comprehensive approach shows that while the fight against air pollution has seen progress, immediate action is still critical to reduce pollution and reduce its widespread effects on public health."欧洲经济区的综合方法表明，尽管与空气污染的斗争取得了进展，但立即采取行动对于减少污染和减少其对公众健康的广泛影响仍然至关重要。可知，本文主要介绍了应对空气污染取得了一定的进展，但却仍然面对着巨大的挑战，故选C。
三、语法填空（短文）
（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 35． （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 36． past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 37． (actual) behind the change. An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 38． (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 39． rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 40． (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 41． (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 42． (start) a soil-testing program 43． gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 44． (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】35．has grown；36．the；37．actually；38．to improve；39．than；40．pollution；41．global；42．started；43．that/which；44．feeding
【解析】【分析】本文谈论中国人们饮食的变化，其根本原因是政府引导人们多种植玉米来减少因种植水稻时使用化肥而对水质产生的污染
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
35．has grown.考查谓语动词的时态。由句中的时间状语since 2011可知用现在完成时，主语the country是单数，故答案为has grown。
36．the 考查冠词的用法。句意：在过去的25年，玉米的产量增长了差不多125%，而水稻只增长了7%。短语：in the past …years在过去的…年，故答案为the。
37．actually 考查形容词副词的转换。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是变化背后的原因。此处修饰动词，所以将形容词actual变为副词，故答案为actually。
38．to improve 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：政府鼓励农民种玉米而不中水稻，是为了改善水质。此处作目的状语，故答案为to improve。
39．than考查连词的使用。句意：玉米的用水比水稻要少，并且产生化肥的径流量要少。由句意结合比较级less可知此处构成前后比较的关系，故答案为than。
40．pollution 考查词性转化。句意：这种转换减少了国家的一些主要湖泊里的污染。此处是及物动词decrease的宾语，所以用名词，故答案为pollution。
41．global 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行统计，中国占全球化肥消耗的30%。此处修饰名词fertilizer consumption，所以用形容词，故答案为global，全球的。
42．started 考查时态。句意：在2005年，政府发起了一个土壤检测活动，这向农民推荐了具体的化肥的使用。此处是从句中的谓语，when指先行词2005，所以用一般过去时，故答案为started。
43．that/which 考查定语从句关系词的选择。此处指代先行词a soil-testing program，并且在从句中作主语，故答案为that或which。
44．feeding 考查非谓语动词。while是连词，后跟动词-ing作伴随状语，故答案为feeding。
四、书面表达
45．（2017高二下·遵义期中）假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。请他提供作品。信的内容包括：
1）主题：环境保护；
2）展览时间；
3）投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@.
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3）提示：国际中学摄影展：an International High School Students Photography Show
【答案】Dear Peter,
Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School students Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June15th and last three weeks. Any students who is interested in are welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gm..
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours
Lihua
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信，请你的朋友提供摄影作品。本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【点评】本篇范文结构合理，涵盖了所有要点。文章流畅通顺，且使用了一些复杂句式，如Any students who is interested in are welcome to participate.这个句子虽然不是太长，但是却包含了一个定语从句。I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.这个句子中包含了名词短语引导的时间状语从句，这些都为文章增色不少。
二一教育在线组卷平台（zujuan.21cnjy.com）自动生成 1 / 1中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练02环境保护
主要内容
1 一个男子拯救海星的故事
2 全球变暖是一个相当大的问题。作者建议从我做起，低碳出行；保护环境，人人有责
3 Sharma开发了新的技术，将空气中的颗粒物收集起来，制成空气墨水，供艺术家们创作
4 Von Wong 通过用塑料垃圾制成的大量雕塑，希望人类能够减少塑料垃圾的产生
5 牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关
6 降低污染可以预防因空气污染而夺去的生命
7 中国人们饮食的变化，其根本原因是政府引导人们多种植玉米来减少因种植水稻时使用化肥而对水质产生的污染
8 校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。请他提供环保作品
一、完形填空
（2021·鹰潭模拟）完形填空
I
want to do the right thing by the environment, and so do you. But, let's face
it: it isn't always 1． .
The
moment one thinks about the seriousness of the 2． we face, it is difficult not to feel
profoundly hopeless. For example, in order to 3． this article, I visit The World Counts (www.), which offers
all the latest 4． statistics (统计数据),
and it was 5． to send me to bed for the day.
There's
one thing I find 6． about trying to be 7． .
It is choosing between all the countless 8． on offer. Are bamboo toothbrushes better than
electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes Should one
replace old but perfectly usable smart phones with 9． and high-tech versions There is so much 10． out there to analyse. When I find myself in
despair (绝望), I 11． an article by Loren Eiseley in which two men
are walking along a beach covered by thousands of 12． ,
dying starfish. One of the men 13． throwing individual starfish back into the
water. The other man 14． that as there are so many starfish in trouble,
his companion's actions will make no 15． .
But the first man 16． that it will make a difference to each
starfish he manages to 17． .
It
is an oft-repeated story, but that doesn't make it any less 18． .
Someone has put it in a nutshell when he said, "it is the greatest of all 19． to do nothing because you can only do a little
— do what you 20． ."
1．A．interesting B．easy C．useful D．valuable
2．A．stress B．problem C．illness D．change
3．A．research B．view C．understand D．print
4．A．international B．historical C．environment D．advanced
5．A．enough B．helpful C．possible D．necessary
6．A．strangest B．greatest C．funniest D．hardest
7．A．healthier B．greener C．cleverer D．stronger
8．A．suggestion B．protection C．choices D．chances
9．A．new B．popular C．free D．unique
10．A．instruction B．preparation C．explanation D．information
11．A．continue B．receive C．complete D．remember
12．A．colorful B．made-up C．washed-up D．common
13．A．starts B．avoids C．forgets D．minds
14．A．point out B．proves C．works out D．imagines
15．A．promise B．difference C．effort D．secret
16．A．learns B．realizes C．replies D．accepts
17．A．control B．catch C．find D．save
18．A．difficult B．true C．enjoyable D．painful
19．A．cause B．challenges C．mistakes D．opportunities
20．A．need B．expect C．want D．can
21．（2020·新乡模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We're
encouraged to be nice to other people. However, many people （1） to be nice to the environment. Nature has （2） the alarm and global warming is quite a big （3） today in the 21st century. Carbon dioxide is
the largest pollutant. That （4） causes greenhouse gases to stay in the earth's
atmosphere, （5） the temperature of the globe, causing abnormal
weather and melting glaciers in the north and south.
Simple
things we can do every day can help （6） the earth, prevent the extinction of animals
such as the polar bear, and make the earth a （7） place to live in for us and future generations
to come.
I've found tons of carbon dioxide are sent out by
cars every day, （8） to the climate crisis. So I decide to take （9） now to publicize the danger of carbon dioxide,
or （10） do something worthwhile to help slow the rise
of the weather.
There
are many ways for me to help reduce global warming. I often choose public （11） , buses, for
example. This can （12） money and energy. I prefer to bike or walk
whenever I can. Somehow, I've （13） my body and grown muscles （14） the preference. If I have to go to a place and
I can't walk, I'll share a car with others. I feel very （15） that New York city has decided to popularize
hybrid (混合的) buses.
I also
try to （16） friends and family to do the same in order to
reduce carbon dioxide release. If everyone does something to help, together we
can make a （17） .
People
who are interested can visit the （18） www.environmentaldefense.org
to work with me. I'm （19） for everyone's support and let's fight
together to make the earth healthy, （20） and free from pollution.
（1）A．resolve B．hurry C．swear D．forget
（2）A．shut B．sounded C．preferred D．broken
（3）A．threat B．opportunity C．mystery D．fantasy
（4）A．population B．solid C．pollution D．surface
（5）A．increasing B．recording C．reducing D．maintaining
（6）A．destroy B．preserve C．decorate D．acknowledge
（7）A．quieter B．hotter C．better D．larger
（8）A．leading B．admitting C．adapting D．applying
（9）A．breath B．action C．cover D．offer
（10）A．never B．so C．ever D．even
（11）A．transportation B．space C．justification D．entertainment
（12）A．produce B．combine C．economize D．employ
（13）A．enquired about B．pulled up C．cared about D．built up
（14）A．as for B．thanks to C．except for D．regardless of
（15）A．absurd B．annoyed C．delighted D．sensitive
（16）A．forbid B．urge C．warn D．permit
（17）A．profit B．promise C．bet D．difference
（18）A．site B．item C．channel D．charity-
（19）A．guilty B．qualified C．hungry D．noted
（20）A．autonomous B．digital C．enormous D．clean
二、阅读理解
（2022·西安模拟）阅读理解
On a break from his studies in the MIT Media Lab, Anirudh Sharma traveled home to Mumbai, India. While there, he noticed that throughout the day his T-shirts were gradually gathering something that looked like dirt. "I realized this was air pollution, or sooty (像煤一样) particulate matter (PM), made of black particles released from exhaust (尾气) of vehicles," Sharma says. "This is a major health issue." Soot consists of tiny black particles, about 2.5 micrometers or smaller, made of carbon produced by incomplete burning of fossil fuels.
Back at MIT, Sharma set out to help solve this air-pollution issue. After years of research, Sharma's startup Graviky Labs has developed technology that attaches to exhaust systems of diesel generators (柴油发电机) to collect particulate matter. Scientists at Graviky then turn it into ink, called Air-Ink, for artists around the world. So far, the startup has collected I.6 billion micrograms of particulate matter. More than 200 gallons of Air-Ink have been harvested for a growing community of more than 1,000 artists, from Bangalore to Boston, Shanghai, and London.
Posted all over Graviky Lab's Facebook page today are photos of art made from the Air-Ink and paint, including street wall paintings, body art and clothing prints. At first, there was still no specific application for the ink. Then the startup decided to find new ways to further spread its mission. It chose to do so through art. "Art helps us raise awareness about where the ink and paint comes from. Air pollution knows no borders. Our ink sends a message that pollution is one of the resources in our world that's the hardest to collect and use. But it can be done," Sharma says.
22．What struck Sharma most during his break in India
A．Dirt on his T-shirts. B．Health issue of the locals.
C．Coal industry in Mumbai. D．Incomplete burning of fossil fuels.
23．According to the text, Air-Ink is________.
A．a cleaner of outdoor air B．a product made from PM
C．a newly-founded company D．a printing technology
24．What can we infer about Air-Ink from the text
A．It improves artistic effect. B．It makes pollution acceptable.
C．It helps Sharma make a profit. D．It raises environmental awareness.
25．What might be the best title for the text
A．Arts Know No Borders
B．Waste Has No Price
C．Less Pollution, More Art
D．Creative Thinking, Effective Painting
（2021·全国乙）阅读理解
You've heard that plastic is polluting
the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every
year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures
out of plastic garbage, foreing viewers to re-examine their relationship to
single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the
artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse," a pair of 10-foot-tall
plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several
volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the
Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is
recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源)of
plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't
need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they
cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came
from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone,
the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted
to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of
plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic,
"Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of
plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also
help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
26．What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
27．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
28．What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A．Calming. B．Disturbing C．Refreshing D．Challenging.
29．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
30．（2019·汝州模拟）阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。
An international team of researchers from
the University of Oxford have found that the way people use the Internet is
closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural world. Their online
species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).
Migratory birds (候鸟) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory
behavior is accompanied by some human behavior. "In English-language
Wikipedia (维基百科), the online searches for migratory species
tend to increase in spring when those birds arrive in the United States,"
said the lead author John Mittermeier.
And not just birds. Mittermeier and his
team surveyed nearly 2.5 billion Wikipedia search records, for 32,000 species,
across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for insects,
horsetails and flowering plants. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in
Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.
This finding suggests new ways to monitor
changes in the world's biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how
much people care about nature, and which species and areas might be the most
effective targets for conservation.
Mittermeier is encouraged by the search
results. He commented, "I think there's a concern among conservationists (生态环境保护者) that people are losing touch with the natural world and that
they're not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that sense, it
was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people's Wikipedia
interest closely related to changes in nature."
Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from
the University of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation
biologists, "By using these big data approaches, we can direct our
attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species
and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do
the most to help."
（1）What have researchers found about species searches
A．They strengthen ties among people.
B．They affect the animal movements.
C．They differ in language backgrounds.
D．They reflect animal migration seasons.
（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3
A．To summarize the research process.
B．To further support the research findings.
C．To show the variety of species searches.
D．To present researchers' heavy work load.
（3）How does Mittermeier feel about the search results
A．Satisfied with Wikipedia's service.
B．Worried about Wikipedia behavior.
C．Amazed at people's care about nature.
D．Sad about people's not getting close to nature.
（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful
A．It helps to aim at conservation targets.
B．It increases interest in big data approaches.
C．It keeps track of trends in biologists' work.
D．It pushes people to solve difficult problems.
（2024高三下·德阳模拟） 阅读理解
Air pollution remains a critical health risk in the European Union, claiming over 500,000 lives in 2021, with findings suggesting nearly half of these could have been prevented if pollution were reduced to levels recommended by health experts. Data from the European Environment Agency (EEA) show that of these deaths, 253,000 were linked to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) going beyond the World Health Organization's (WHO) guideline limit of 5 micrograms per cubic meter. These particles are especially dangerous as they can pass into the bloodstream and affect various organs. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone also contributed to the mortality (死亡频率) statistics, associated with 52,000 and 22,000 deaths respectively. The EU's environment commissioner, Virginijus Sinkevicius, underlined that air pollution poses the top environmental health risk in the EU. Nevertheless, there is evidence of improvement, with deaths from PM2.5 decreasing by 41% between 2005 and 2021, and the EU targets a reduction of 55% by 2030.
In response to these concerns, the WHO, which updated its air quality guidelines in 2021, warns that no level of air pollution can be considered safe but has set upper limits for certain pollutants. The European Parliament vote to bring the EU's air quality standards in line with the WHO but decided to delay doing so until 2035.
Sinkevicius said that air quality is indeed improving due to effective clean air policies. Beyond death counts, the EEA also assessed air pollution's broader impact on diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes, stressing not only mortality but the quality of life impacts. EEA researcher Alberto Gonzalez Ortiz pointed to severe disability states caused by these conditions, worsened by air pollution.
The EEA's comprehensive approach shows that while the fight against air pollution has seen progress, immediate action is still critical to reduce pollution and reduce its widespread effects on public health.
31．Why does the author mention specific figures in Paragraph 1
A．To stress the risk of PM2.5 in the EU.
B．To illustrate the impact of air pollution.
C．To prove the improvement in air pollution.
D．To show the guidelines of EEA lose control.
32．What did the WHO do for the concerns
A．It adjusted air quality standards accordingly.
B．It didn't perform the new limits until 2035.
C．It claimed current pollution levels were relatively safe.
D．It decided to change the guidelines completely.
33．How did Sinkevicius feel about the air quality in the text
A．Concerned about its policies. B．Indifferent due to its level.
C．Uncertain about its impact. D．Optimistic about its progress.
34．What is the main focus of the passage
A．The impact of wise decisions on air pollution in the EU.
B．The specific health conditions worsened by air pollution.
C．The progress and challenges in dealing with air pollution.
D．The role of the WHO in establishing global health policies.
三、语法填空（短文）
（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 35． （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 36． past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 37． (actual) behind the change. An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 38． (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 39． rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 40． (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 41． (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 42． (start) a soil-testing program 43． gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 44． (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
四、书面表达
45．（2017高二下·遵义期中）假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。请他提供作品。信的内容包括：
1）主题：环境保护；
2）展览时间；
3）投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@.
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3）提示：国际中学摄影展：an International High School Students Photography Show
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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