中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练03运动健康
主要内容
1 美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性
2 锻炼对于心脏的好处
3 不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益
4 竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势
5 希望大家重视心理健康，Z世代对心理健康问题的态度和处理方式就值得提倡
6 电子竞技比赛
7 佛罗里达州的公立学校被要求为6-12年级的学生教授五个小时或更长时间的心理健康课程
8 杭州亚运会期间对各国记者的采访
9 变得擅长任何运动的最佳方法
10 向校英文报"Sports and Health"栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动
一、完形填空
（2023·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 1． best. She had to 2． her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 3． to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 4． waves on her board. But it was 5． to take the leap (飞跃), however 6． it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 7． about 1,200 miles away from home, to 8． with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 9． and everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did 10． what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 11． two Russians. The Chinese coach 12． Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 13． , helping her skyrocket from an 14． member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 15． the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 16． the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 17． all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator (联络人) of the women's national team, did not think Douglas had what it 18． to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought 19． that she could make the London Games — and win.
"I'm going to inspire so many people," she said. "I'm ready to 20． ."And shine she did.
1．A．tried B．thought C．judged D．knew
2．A．take up B．pack up C．clean up D．do up
3．A．goodbye B．hello C．thanks D．no
4．A．cause B．observe C．ride D．strike
5．A．common B．time C．fun D．tough
6．A．breathtaking B．heartbreaking C．eye-catching D．head-spinning
7．A．dropped out B．moved on C．pulled over D．went off
8．A．reason B．talk C．compete D．train
9．A．met B．helped C．understood D．needed
10．A．approximately B．gradually C．exactly D．possibly
11．A．defeated B．pleased C．respected D．assisted
12．A．forced B．transformed C．persuaded D．put
13．A．world B．city C．team D．state
14．A．amateur B．elected C．average D．enthusiastic
15．A．clarifying B．defending C．winning D．demanding
16．A．followed B．organized C．watched D．led
17．A．confident B．nervous C．excited D．uneasy
18．A．viewed B．appeared C．mattered D．took
19．A．now and then B．more and more C．far and wide D．on and on
20．A．shine B．fly C．dance D．score
二、阅读理解
（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
As
we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen
as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early
60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
"Think
of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for
20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a
heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart.
Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't
been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your
aging heart.
Levine
and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not
exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided
into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight
training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic
exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After
two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
"We
took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old
hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and
fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those
who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
"The
sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle
age when the heart still has flexibility," Levine says. "We put
healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all."
Dr.
Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's
findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with
far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine
make the biggest difference.
21．What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A．The right way of exercising. B．The causes of a heart attack.
C．The difficulty of keeping fit. D．The aging process of the heart.
22．In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A．Diet plan. B．Professional background.
C．Exercise type. D．Previous physical condition.
23．What does Levine's research find
A．Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C．It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D．The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
24．What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A．Making use of the findings.
B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Conducting further research.
D．Clarifying the purpose of the study.
（2020·江苏）阅读理解
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
25．The underlined expression "stomach it" in Paragraph 1 most probably means "______".
A．digest the meal easily B．manage without breakfast
C．decide wisely what to eat D．eat whatever is offered
26．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment
A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C．They could walk at an average speed.
D．They had slow metabolic rates.
27．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise
A．They successfully lost weight.
B．They consumed a bit more calories.
C．They burned more fat on average.
D．They displayed higher insulin levels.
28．What could be learned from the research
A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
29．（2020·新课标Ⅰ）阅读理解
Race walking shares many
fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing
to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are
conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics
is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the
marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay
straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes
race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an
assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem,
Mass.
Like running, race
walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race
walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn
walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or
more calories per hour.
However, race walking
does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to
her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body
weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only
about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says,
some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are
uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place
considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such
injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone
wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or
experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
（1）Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A．They must run long distances.
B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules.
D．They are good at swinging their legs.
（2）What advantage does race walking have over running
A．It's more popular at the Olympics.
B．It's less challenging physically.
C．It's more effective in body building.
D．It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
（3）What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking
A．Getting experts' opinions. B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises.
（4）Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
（2023高三下·广东模拟）阅读理解
Despite mental health being everywhere and its cost on overall well-being and social development, we have been guilty of dragging our feet, both in the sense of acknowledging the causes and facing the consequences of mental health problems, as well as a societal commitment to addressing them. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide governments spend less than 2% of their total health budget on mental health.
But there is hope that the tide may be turning in how we deal with mental health. And that hope resides in Generation Z (born during the mid-to-late 1990s and early 2010s). Generation Z have a different way of approaching well-being and mental health than other previous generations.
Unlike the previous generations, Generation Z are more confident and willing to acknowledge and activate the connection between well-being and mental health. Seeing mental health issues as a natural part of life, something to be faced head-on, like a physical illness, and in the face of them, balance is more likely to be restored: a fruitful solution that results from open and frank discussions with family and friends, sharing or accessing advice on social media. They are also more likely to be health-aware, engage in health-promoting activities and adopt a healthy lifestyle. And while Generation Z are also active healthy eaters, they seek solutions to the environmental impact of food production and more information on how food choice is linked to mental health.
On the work front, they are not shy to press employers for workloads and work-life balance that reduces stress, or to take mental health days to nurture(培养) well-being and prevent the oncoming of more serious mental health problems. Perhaps, because youths suffer disproportionately from mental health issues, they are more likely to be open and talk about them, as well as to seek help.
Historically, the private and public discussions around mental health have been limited, while Generation Z are more active in strengthening, protecting and restoring it. And this shift in the approach indicates well for how society faces mental health issues in the future, especially as Generation Z gain positions of economic and political power.
30．What can we learn about mental health problems from paragraph 1
A．They need more attention and investment.
B．They are acknowledged and easy to address.
C．They have become the top concerns for WHO.
D．They have little to do with social development.
31．What is the attitude of Generation Z towards mental health problems
A．Curious. B．Positive. C．Tolerant. D．Casual.
32．What do Generation Z tend to do in their work to keep mentally healthy
A．Handle workloads alone.
B．Let life make way for work.
C．Reject stressful work arrangements.
D．Argue with their employers for higher wages.
33．What is the best title for the text
A．Solving Generation Z's Mental Problems
B．Changing Our Approach to Mental Health
C．Health Budget—the Key to Mental Health
D．Mental Health—the First Killer of Mankind
（2024高三下·南充模拟） 阅读理解
Electronic sports such as "Fortnite" are vastly more popular than Olympic events such as dressage (花式骑术) or curling (冰壶). In fact, they are more popular than most mainstream sports. Only 28% of British boys aged 16-19 watch any traditional live sports; 57% play video games.
Stick-in-the-muds may complain that e-sports are not proper sports. Many parents, observing their bad-tempered teenagers sitting on the so fa all day twiddling their thumbs and shouting "Quick, pass me the shotgun!" at a screen, would agree. Yet video games are highly competitive, with professional leagues that play in crowded stadiums.
There are perhaps only 200 tennis stars in the world who can make a living from playing in tournaments. By contrast "League of Legends", a fantasy game played by teams of five, supports over 1,000 on good wages. Its World Championship final last year was watched by 44 million people.
Critics of e-sports offer moral objections, too. They are addictive, Prince Harry has called for "Fortnite" to be banned for this reason. They are violent. Surely, at a time of global disharmony, it is a bad idea to make simulated killing an Olympic sport. The Olympics aim to promote peace. Finally, video games are commercial. Nobody owns basketball; "League of Legends" is owned by Tencent, a Chinese megacorporation.
None of these arguments is very convincing. The idea that an activity, rather than a substance, can be addictive is controversial among doctors, as is the existence of a causal link between gaming and violence. And the idea that warlike sports have no place in the Olympics is hard to consist with history. Javelin-throwing (掷标枪) and wrestling were introduced in 708 BC. They are still there.
34．What does the underlined word "Stick-in-the-muds" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．People who are crazy about sports.
B．People who prefer traditional values.
C．People who are in a difficult situation.
D．People who are addicted to video games.
35．Which of the following is NOT the moral objection offered by critics
A．People get addicted to video games easily.
B．E-sports contain certain elements of violence.
C．Global disharmony arises from the popularity of e-sports.
D．The industry of e-sports is concerned with making profit.
36．Why are Javelin-throwing and wrestling mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To compare the difference between the two sports.
B．To show the close connection between gaming and violence.
C．To prove the fact that warlike sports can exist in the Olympics.
D．To present the phenomenon of people's addiction to the warlike sports.
37．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Sports. B．Fiction. C．Science. D．Education.
（2024高三上·义乌模拟） 阅读理解
Schools need to give students all the tools they need to navigate the world when they graduate. Besides teaching the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic, teaching about mindfulness, and mental health are important life skills for young people to have, the state of Florida agrees.
Now, public schools in Florida have been required to teach five or more hours about mental health for students in grades 6-12. This new directive was approved by the Florida Board of Education in July and is being carried out as a potential lifesaver.
The new curriculum requires students to learn about the symptoms of mental illness and where to find help if they are feeling depressed or have other issues and even teaches the adolescents how to help their friends and classmates if they see them struggling.
"We know that 50 percent of all mental illness cases begin by age 14, so we are being active in our commitment to provide our kids with the necessary tools to see them through their successes and challenges. Providing mental health instruction is another important step forward in supporting our families," Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran said.
Florida is the third state, following New York and Virginia in 2020, to pass laws that require mental health education in schools. According to CNN, the New York law updated the health curriculum to include mental health for elementary, middle and high school students. The Virginia law required that mental health education be provided for 9th and 10th graders.
These three states in the US are taking bold steps to help youth deal with the intricacy of life as they grow from adolescents into adults. It is a confusing world they face and giving them the tools to navigate it safely is essential. Mental health is something that should be taught in schools in all the US and across the globe.
38．What can the new curriculum bring students
A．Basic professional skills. B．The ability to use language.
C．Emotional management skills. D．Diagnosis of physical diseases.
39．What does Richard Corcoran intend to stress in paragraph 4
A．The effect of mental illness cases.
B．The content of the health curriculum.
C．The step of mental health instruction.
D．The importance of mental health education.
40．What does the underlined word "intricacy" mean in paragraph 6
A．Complexity. B．Purpose. C．Contribution. D．Significance.
41．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A technology report. B．A natural science magazine.
C．An educational website. D．A government document.
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·德阳模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Hangzhou Asian Games served as not just a platform for Asian athletes 42． (compete) in sports, but also a crucial stage to present the cultural 43． (diverse) of Asian nations.
"The Hangzhou Asian Games provided 44． unique opportunity for people from 45 countries and regions to come together. " Yasuhiro Inomata said.
"This holds significant importance in promoting intercultural exchanges, as well as developing peace regionally and 45． (globe), "Inomata added.
"The massive scale of this year's Asian Games not only reflects the development 46． (achievement) in sports throughout Asia, but also 47． ( symbolize) the unity of Asian people, " Raja Randhir Sing said, noting that the Hangzhou Asian Games presents a positive image of the mutual love and friendship 48． (share) by Asian people.
" 49． spectators, we felt that the message of unity and love was not just words but a feeling that reminded us that, despite our differences, we are all interconnected and 50． (harmony) like one big family, " Kharaz, a reporter from Palestine, said.
"The Asian Games are an important platform 51． diverse traditions and cultures met, " Samir al-Musawi, head of the Iraqi delegation to Hangzhou, said to Xinhua.
四、任务型阅读
（2024·红河模拟） 七选五
The Best Ways to Get Good at Any Sport
If sports are something that interests you, it stands to reason that you would want to be good at them. Succeeding in a sport takes skills, and skills take patience and determination. 52． Skills alone may take you far, but you'll never go all the way unless you have the right attitude and team spirit to back it up.
Join a sports team.
If you want to become a sports superstar, joining a team is a good way to start. Even if your skills are currently low, joining an amateur league will sharpen up your skills. Sports teams are everywhere, and most of them are free to join. If you go to school, you should go for team tryouts when they're happening. 53．
Practice until your skills become second nature.
If you're wondering at what point a skill becomes mastered, it is when you're able to do it automatically and without thinking. This is called the autonomous stage, and it's where you want to be at if you want to play sports competitively. 54． When you're in the fight of a game, you won't have time to think everything through, so practice until it's all automatic, so you'll know you're ready.
Set ambitious but realistic goals for yourself.
55． Instead, you should take a look at what you are, and figure out where you think you would like to be. Give yourself a suitable amount of time to achieve that goal, and break it down into smaller parts if the goal is especially big.
56．
One of the biggest reasons people join sports teams in the first place is to make friends with new people. Chances are you'll develop friendships with at least some of them. Making these friendships a priority is a good move if you want to become great at sports. You can practice together on your own time. The morale (士气) boost of playing with friends helps as well.
A. Set your sights wide.
B. Promote friendships with other players.
C. Recreation centers are often host to sports teams as well.
D. This doesn't mean saying you'll be professional within a year.
E. But if the desire is intense enough, you will do anything to realize your dreams.
F. Given enough time and repetition, a skill will eventually fall under this category.
G. However, you need to think about other things if you want to be a good sports player.
五、书面表达
57．（2024·浙江）第一节请你写一篇短文向校英文报"Sports and Health"栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动，内容包括：1. 介绍这项运动；2. 说明推荐理由。
注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答：
Stand Up and Exercise, Everybody!
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练03运动健康
主要内容
1 美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性
2 锻炼对于心脏的好处
3 不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益
4 竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势
5 希望大家重视心理健康，Z世代对心理健康问题的态度和处理方式就值得提倡
6 电子竞技比赛
7 佛罗里达州的公立学校被要求为6-12年级的学生教授五个小时或更长时间的心理健康课程
8 杭州亚运会期间对各国记者的采访
9 变得擅长任何运动的最佳方法
10 向校英文报"Sports and Health"栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动
一、完形填空
（2023·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 1． best. She had to 2． her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 3． to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 4． waves on her board. But it was 5． to take the leap (飞跃), however 6． it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 7． about 1,200 miles away from home, to 8． with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 9． and everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did 10． what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 11． two Russians. The Chinese coach 12． Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 13． , helping her skyrocket from an 14． member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 15． the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 16． the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 17． all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator (联络人) of the women's national team, did not think Douglas had what it 18． to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought 19． that she could make the London Games — and win.
"I'm going to inspire so many people," she said. "I'm ready to 20． ."And shine she did.
1．A．tried B．thought C．judged D．knew
2．A．take up B．pack up C．clean up D．do up
3．A．goodbye B．hello C．thanks D．no
4．A．cause B．observe C．ride D．strike
5．A．common B．time C．fun D．tough
6．A．breathtaking B．heartbreaking C．eye-catching D．head-spinning
7．A．dropped out B．moved on C．pulled over D．went off
8．A．reason B．talk C．compete D．train
9．A．met B．helped C．understood D．needed
10．A．approximately B．gradually C．exactly D．possibly
11．A．defeated B．pleased C．respected D．assisted
12．A．forced B．transformed C．persuaded D．put
13．A．world B．city C．team D．state
14．A．amateur B．elected C．average D．enthusiastic
15．A．clarifying B．defending C．winning D．demanding
16．A．followed B．organized C．watched D．led
17．A．confident B．nervous C．excited D．uneasy
18．A．viewed B．appeared C．mattered D．took
19．A．now and then B．more and more C．far and wide D．on and on
20．A．shine B．fly C．dance D．score
【答案】1．D；2．B；3．A；4．C；5．B；6．B；7．D；8．D；9．A；10．C；11．A；12．B；13．A；14．C；15．C；16．D；17．A；18．D；19．B；20．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了圆梦个人全能项目的奥运冠军，远离家乡，和一名来自中国的教练一起训练。最终Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意： 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不离开她最熟悉的一切。A. tried"尝试"；B. thought"思考"；C. judged"判断"；D. knew"知道，熟悉"。根据空前"To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything"；以及下文"1,200 miles away from home"离家1200英里远，可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方，故选D。
2．句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up"从事"；B. pack up"打包、收拾行李"；C. clean up"清理"；D. do up"梳理，重新装修"。根据上文"Gabby Douglas had to leave everything"和空后"her bedroom in Virginia"可知此处指她整理好她的卧室，准备离开，故选B。
3．句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. goodbye"再见"；B. hello"你好"；C. thanks"感谢"；D. no"没有，不"。根据上文"Gabby Douglas had to leave everything"可知，Gabby Douglas要离开自己的家，因此此处指与家里的两只狗说再见，故选A。
4．句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause"引起，造成"；B. observe"观察"；C. ride"骑，漂浮"；D. strike"打击"。根据空后"waves on her board."可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves固定短语，"冲浪"，故选C。
5．句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. common"平民，普通"；B. time"时间"；C. fun"乐趣"；D. tough"粗暴的人，暴徒"。根据空后"to take the leap (飞跃)"可知，虽然离开自己所熟悉的一切很难，但是是时候该迈出这一步了，故选B。
6．句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. breathtaking"激动人心的"；B. heartbreaking"令人心碎的，令人伤心的"；C. eye-catching"引人注目的"；D. head-spinning"头晕的"。根据上文，Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知，离开自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心，故选B。
7．句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A. dropped out"退出"；B. moved on"继续"；C. pulled over"靠边停车"；D. went off"离开"。根据空后"about 1,200 miles away from home,"可知，Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1200英里的地方，故选D。
8．句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。A. reason"推理"；B. talk"谈话"；C. compete"竞争"；D. train"培训"。根据上文"To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event"和空后"with a coach from China"可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开家，可推知，她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练，故选D。
9．句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met"遇到，见过"；B. helped"帮助"；C. understood"理解"；D. needed"需要"。根据空后"everything was new to her."可知，一切对她来说都是全新的此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，故选A。
10．句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. approximately"大约"；B.gradually"逐渐地"；C. exactly"准确地，完全"；D. possibly"可能地"。根据下文"the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so"可知，Gabby Douglas获得了奥运会全能冠军，可知，Gabby Douglas完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切，故选C。
11．句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. defeated"打败"；B. pleased"使高兴"；C. respected"尊敬"；D. assisted"帮助"。根据空前"what she needed to do to become Olympic champion"和下文"the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so"可知，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军，故选A。
12．句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. forced"强迫"；B. transformed"转换，改造"；C. persuaded"劝说"；D. put"放"。根据空后"Douglas into one of the best gymnasts"可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into...，固定短语，"使……变成……"，故选B。
13．句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. world"世界"；B. city"城市"；C. team"团队"；D. state"国家"。根据下文"the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so"可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，因此她是世界最好的体操运动员之一，故选A
14．句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。 A. amateur"业余爱好的"；B. elected"当选的"；C. average"平均的，普通的"；D. enthusiastic"热情的"。根据空后"member of the national team to the top of the sport"可知，这位中国教练帮助Douglas从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选C。
15．句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A. clarifying"分类"；B. defending"打败"；C. winning"赢得"；D. demanding"要求"。根据空后"the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so."可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，故选C。
16．句意：她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A. followed"跟随"；B. organized"组织"；C. watched"观看"；D. led"带领、领先"。根据空后"the competition from beginning to end"可知，比赛过程中，Douglas一直领先于竞争对手，故选D。
17．句意：她说她一直坚信自己会赢。A. confident"自信的，坚信的"；B. nervous"紧张的"；C. excited"兴奋的"；D. uneasy"不安的"。根据空后"all along that she would win."可知，Douglas一直坚信自己会赢，故选A。
18．句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A. viewed"看待"；B. appeared"出现，好像"；C. mattered"重要"；D. took"需要"。根据空后"to be an Olympian"可知，此处表示Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件，故选D。
19．句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越相信自己能够在伦敦奥运会上获胜。A. now and then"时不时地"；B. more and more"越来越......"；C. far and wide"广泛地"；D. on and on"不断地"。根据空前"As time went by"和空后"that she could make the London Games — and win."可知，随着时间的推移，Douglas越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会。故选B。
20．句意："我准备好发光了"。A. shine"照耀、发光"；B. fly"飞行"；C. dance"跳舞"；D. score"得分"。根据上文"I'm going to inspire so many people"和下文"And shine she did."可知，Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人，故选A。
二、阅读理解
（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
As
we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen
as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early
60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
"Think
of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for
20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a
heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart.
Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't
been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your
aging heart.
Levine
and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not
exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided
into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight
training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic
exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After
two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
"We
took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old
hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and
fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those
who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
"The
sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle
age when the heart still has flexibility," Levine says. "We put
healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all."
Dr.
Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's
findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with
far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine
make the biggest difference.
21．What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A．The right way of exercising. B．The causes of a heart attack.
C．The difficulty of keeping fit. D．The aging process of the heart.
22．In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A．Diet plan. B．Professional background.
C．Exercise type. D．Previous physical condition.
23．What does Levine's research find
A．Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C．It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D．The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
24．What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A．Making use of the findings.
B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Conducting further research.
D．Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【答案】21．D
22．C
23．A
24．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了锻炼对于心脏的好处。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
21．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“‘Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,'says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart. ”“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
22．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. ”第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
23．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.”第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善；以及第四段中的“'We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,' says Levine. ” Levine 说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”可知， Levine 的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。
24．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. ”但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。可知， Nieca Goldberg 博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
（2020·江苏）阅读理解
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
25．The underlined expression "stomach it" in Paragraph 1 most probably means "______".
A．digest the meal easily B．manage without breakfast
C．decide wisely what to eat D．eat whatever is offered
26．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment
A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C．They could walk at an average speed.
D．They had slow metabolic rates.
27．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise
A．They successfully lost weight.
B．They consumed a bit more calories.
C．They burned more fat on average.
D．They displayed higher insulin levels.
28．What could be learned from the research
A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
【答案】25．B
26．A
27．B
28．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
25．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first”可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
26．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are far better and worse, representative of those of most of us.”他们首先找到了10个超重的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。
27．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand. they burned slightly more calories(卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.”结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。 另一方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。
28．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.”这些结果的暗示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。
29．（2020·新课标Ⅰ）阅读理解
Race walking shares many
fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing
to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are
conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics
is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the
marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay
straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes
race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an
assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem,
Mass.
Like running, race
walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race
walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn
walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or
more calories per hour.
However, race walking
does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to
her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body
weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only
about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says,
some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are
uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place
considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such
injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone
wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or
experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
（1）Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A．They must run long distances.
B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules.
D．They are good at swinging their legs.
（2）What advantage does race walking have over running
A．It's more popular at the Olympics.
B．It's less challenging physically.
C．It's more effective in body building.
D．It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
（3）What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking
A．Getting experts' opinions. B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises.
（4）Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times.”但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique”事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
（2023高三下·广东模拟）阅读理解
Despite mental health being everywhere and its cost on overall well-being and social development, we have been guilty of dragging our feet, both in the sense of acknowledging the causes and facing the consequences of mental health problems, as well as a societal commitment to addressing them. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide governments spend less than 2% of their total health budget on mental health.
But there is hope that the tide may be turning in how we deal with mental health. And that hope resides in Generation Z (born during the mid-to-late 1990s and early 2010s). Generation Z have a different way of approaching well-being and mental health than other previous generations.
Unlike the previous generations, Generation Z are more confident and willing to acknowledge and activate the connection between well-being and mental health. Seeing mental health issues as a natural part of life, something to be faced head-on, like a physical illness, and in the face of them, balance is more likely to be restored: a fruitful solution that results from open and frank discussions with family and friends, sharing or accessing advice on social media. They are also more likely to be health-aware, engage in health-promoting activities and adopt a healthy lifestyle. And while Generation Z are also active healthy eaters, they seek solutions to the environmental impact of food production and more information on how food choice is linked to mental health.
On the work front, they are not shy to press employers for workloads and work-life balance that reduces stress, or to take mental health days to nurture(培养) well-being and prevent the oncoming of more serious mental health problems. Perhaps, because youths suffer disproportionately from mental health issues, they are more likely to be open and talk about them, as well as to seek help.
Historically, the private and public discussions around mental health have been limited, while Generation Z are more active in strengthening, protecting and restoring it. And this shift in the approach indicates well for how society faces mental health issues in the future, especially as Generation Z gain positions of economic and political power.
30．What can we learn about mental health problems from paragraph 1
A．They need more attention and investment.
B．They are acknowledged and easy to address.
C．They have become the top concerns for WHO.
D．They have little to do with social development.
31．What is the attitude of Generation Z towards mental health problems
A．Curious. B．Positive. C．Tolerant. D．Casual.
32．What do Generation Z tend to do in their work to keep mentally healthy
A．Handle workloads alone.
B．Let life make way for work.
C．Reject stressful work arrangements.
D．Argue with their employers for higher wages.
33．What is the best title for the text
A．Solving Generation Z's Mental Problems
B．Changing Our Approach to Mental Health
C．Health Budget—the Key to Mental Health
D．Mental Health—the First Killer of Mankind
【答案】30．A
31．B
32．C
33．B
【解析】【分析】本文是议论文，希望大家重视心理健康，Z世代对心理健康问题的态度和处理方式就值得提倡。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide governments spend less than 2% of their total health budget on mental health.例如，世界卫生组织(WHO)估计，世界各国政府在精神卫生方面的支出不到其卫生总预算的2%。可知心理健康问题关注与投入很不够，太少了。故答案为A。
31．推理判断题。根据第三段Unlike the previous generations, Generation Z are more confident and willing to acknowledge and activate the connection between well-being and mental health. Seeing mental health issues as a natural part of life, something to be faced head-on, like a physical illness, and in the face of them, balance is more likely to be restored，与前几代人不同，Z世代更自信，更愿意承认和激活幸福与心理健康之间的联系。将心理健康问题视为生活的自然组成部分，就像身体疾病一样，需要正面面对，面对它们，更有可能恢复平衡，可知，Z世代把心理健康问题视为生活的组成部分并且积极正面地进行处理。故答案为B。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段On the work front, they are not shy to press employers for workloads and work-life balance that reduces stress, or to take mental health days to nurture(培养) well-being and prevent the oncoming of more serious mental health problems. Perhaps, because youths suffer disproportionately from mental health issues, they are more likely to be open and talk about them, as well as to seek help.在工作方面，他们不羞于向雇主施压，要求他们减少工作量，平衡工作与生活，以减轻压力，或者请心理健康日来培养健康，防止更严重的心理健康问题的出现。也许，因为青少年遭受了不成比例的心理健康问题，他们更有可能敞开心扉，谈论这些问题，并寻求帮助。可知，在工作方面，他们不羞于就工作量的问题向雇主施压，他们要求工作与生活平衡，以减轻压力，保持心理健康。由此可知，他们敢于拒绝有压力的工作安排。故答案为C。
33．主旨大意题。本文是总分总的文章结构，根据第一段和最后一段Historically, the private and public discussions around mental health have been limited, while Generation Z are more active in strengthening, protecting and restoring it. And this shift in the approach indicates well for how society faces mental health issues in the future, especially as Generation Z gain positions of economic and political power.从历史上看，私下和公共讨论关于心理健康的一直很有限，而Z世代在加强、保护和恢复心理健康方面更为积极。这种方法上的转变很好地预示了未来社会将如何面对心理健康问题，尤其是在Z世代获得经济和政治权力的情况下。可知文章介绍了Z世代对心理健康问题的态度和处理方式就是比较好的方式。观察选项：Solving Generation Z's Mental Problems解决Z世代的心理问题；Changing Our Approach to Mental Health改变我们对待心理健康的方式； Health Budget—the Key to Mental Health 卫生预算——精神卫生的关键； Mental Health—the First Killer of Mankind 精神健康——人类的第一杀手；故答案为B。
（2024高三下·南充模拟） 阅读理解
Electronic sports such as "Fortnite" are vastly more popular than Olympic events such as dressage (花式骑术) or curling (冰壶). In fact, they are more popular than most mainstream sports. Only 28% of British boys aged 16-19 watch any traditional live sports; 57% play video games.
Stick-in-the-muds may complain that e-sports are not proper sports. Many parents, observing their bad-tempered teenagers sitting on the so fa all day twiddling their thumbs and shouting "Quick, pass me the shotgun!" at a screen, would agree. Yet video games are highly competitive, with professional leagues that play in crowded stadiums.
There are perhaps only 200 tennis stars in the world who can make a living from playing in tournaments. By contrast "League of Legends", a fantasy game played by teams of five, supports over 1,000 on good wages. Its World Championship final last year was watched by 44 million people.
Critics of e-sports offer moral objections, too. They are addictive, Prince Harry has called for "Fortnite" to be banned for this reason. They are violent. Surely, at a time of global disharmony, it is a bad idea to make simulated killing an Olympic sport. The Olympics aim to promote peace. Finally, video games are commercial. Nobody owns basketball; "League of Legends" is owned by Tencent, a Chinese megacorporation.
None of these arguments is very convincing. The idea that an activity, rather than a substance, can be addictive is controversial among doctors, as is the existence of a causal link between gaming and violence. And the idea that warlike sports have no place in the Olympics is hard to consist with history. Javelin-throwing (掷标枪) and wrestling were introduced in 708 BC. They are still there.
34．What does the underlined word "Stick-in-the-muds" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．People who are crazy about sports.
B．People who prefer traditional values.
C．People who are in a difficult situation.
D．People who are addicted to video games.
35．Which of the following is NOT the moral objection offered by critics
A．People get addicted to video games easily.
B．E-sports contain certain elements of violence.
C．Global disharmony arises from the popularity of e-sports.
D．The industry of e-sports is concerned with making profit.
36．Why are Javelin-throwing and wrestling mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To compare the difference between the two sports.
B．To show the close connection between gaming and violence.
C．To prove the fact that warlike sports can exist in the Olympics.
D．To present the phenomenon of people's addiction to the warlike sports.
37．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Sports. B．Fiction. C．Science. D．Education.
【答案】34．B
35．C
36．C
37．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电子竞技比赛。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇体育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
34．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Electronic sports such as ‘Fortnite' are vastly more popular than Olympic events such as dressage (花式骑术) or curling (冰壶). In fact, they are more popular than most mainstream sports. "《堡垒之夜》等电子竞技比盛装舞步或冰壶等奥运会项目更受欢迎。事实上，它们比大多数主流运动更受欢迎；以及第二段中的"Stick-in-the-muds may complain that e-sports are not proper sports. Many parents, observing their bad-tempered teenagers sitting on the so fa all day twiddling their thumbs and shouting ‘Quick, pass me the shotgun!' at a screen, would agree. "Stick-in-the-muds可能会抱怨电子竞技不是合适的运动。许多父母看到他们脾气暴躁的青少年整天坐在沙发上无所事事，对着屏幕大喊"快，把猎枪递给我！"，都会同意。可知，电子竞技比赛实际上是很受欢迎的奥运项目，但是一些人会抱怨电子竞技不是合适的运动，由此可推知，此处是指那些思想陈旧的父母对孩子玩电子竞技不满意，所以Stick-in-the-muds指那些固执己见的人，和选项B意思一致。故选B。
35．考查细节理解。根据第四段"Critics of e-sports offer moral objections, too. They are addictive, Prince Harry has called for "Fortnite" to be banned for this reason. They are violent. Surely, at a time of global disharmony, it is a bad idea to make simulated killing an Olympic sport. The Olympics aim to promote peace. Finally, video games are commercial. Nobody owns basketball; "League of Legends" is owned by Tencent, a Chinese megacorporation. "电子竞技的批评者也提出了道德上的反对意见。它们会上瘾，哈里王子因此呼吁禁止《堡垒之夜》。他们很暴力。当然，在全球不和谐的时代，将模拟杀人作为奥运会项目是个坏主意。奥运会旨在促进和平。最后，电子游戏是商业性的。没有人拥有篮球；《英雄联盟》由中国大型企业腾讯所有。可知，电子竞技的批评者认为玩电子竞技会上瘾，很暴力，而且是商业性的，所以"全球的不和谐源于电子竞技的普及。"不正确。故选C。
36．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The idea that an activity, rather than a substance, can be addictive is controversial among doctors, as is the existence of a causal link between gaming and violence. And the idea that warlike sports have no place in the Olympics is hard to consist with history. Javelin-throwing(掷标枪) and wrestling were introduced in 708 BC. They are still there. "一种活动而不是一种物质会上瘾的观点在医生中存在争议，游戏和暴力之间是否存在因果关系也是如此。而且，好战运动在奥运会上没有立足之地的想法很难与历史相一致。掷标枪和摔跤于公元前708年引入。他们仍然在那里。可知，最后一段提到标枪和摔跤是为了证明战争性运动可以在奥运会上存在的事实。故选C。
37．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Electronic sports such as‘Fortnite' are vastly more popular than Olympic events such as dressage (花式骑术) or curling (冰壶). In fact, they are more popular than most mainstream sports. Only 28% of British boys aged 16-19 watch any traditional live sports; 57% play video games.""Fortnite"等电子竞技项目比盛装舞步或冰壶等奥运项目更受欢迎。事实上，他们比大多数主流体育更受欢迎。在16-19岁的英国男孩中，只有28%的人观看任何传统的现场体育比赛；57%的人玩电子游戏。可知，这篇文章主要介绍电子竞技比赛，可推知，这段文字可以出现在报纸的体育版面。故选A。
（2024高三上·义乌模拟） 阅读理解
Schools need to give students all the tools they need to navigate the world when they graduate. Besides teaching the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic, teaching about mindfulness, and mental health are important life skills for young people to have, the state of Florida agrees.
Now, public schools in Florida have been required to teach five or more hours about mental health for students in grades 6-12. This new directive was approved by the Florida Board of Education in July and is being carried out as a potential lifesaver.
The new curriculum requires students to learn about the symptoms of mental illness and where to find help if they are feeling depressed or have other issues and even teaches the adolescents how to help their friends and classmates if they see them struggling.
"We know that 50 percent of all mental illness cases begin by age 14, so we are being active in our commitment to provide our kids with the necessary tools to see them through their successes and challenges. Providing mental health instruction is another important step forward in supporting our families," Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran said.
Florida is the third state, following New York and Virginia in 2020, to pass laws that require mental health education in schools. According to CNN, the New York law updated the health curriculum to include mental health for elementary, middle and high school students. The Virginia law required that mental health education be provided for 9th and 10th graders.
These three states in the US are taking bold steps to help youth deal with the intricacy of life as they grow from adolescents into adults. It is a confusing world they face and giving them the tools to navigate it safely is essential. Mental health is something that should be taught in schools in all the US and across the globe.
38．What can the new curriculum bring students
A．Basic professional skills. B．The ability to use language.
C．Emotional management skills. D．Diagnosis of physical diseases.
39．What does Richard Corcoran intend to stress in paragraph 4
A．The effect of mental illness cases.
B．The content of the health curriculum.
C．The step of mental health instruction.
D．The importance of mental health education.
40．What does the underlined word "intricacy" mean in paragraph 6
A．Complexity. B．Purpose. C．Contribution. D．Significance.
41．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A technology report. B．A natural science magazine.
C．An educational website. D．A government document.
【答案】38．C
39．D
40．A
41．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了佛罗里达州的公立学校被要求为6-12年级的学生教授五个小时或更长时间的心理健康课程。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
38．考查细节理解。根据第三段"The new curriculum requires students to learn about the symptoms of mental illness and where to find help if they are feeling depressed or have other issues and even teaches the adolescents how to help their friends and classmates if they see them struggling."新课程要求学生了解精神疾病的症状，如果他们感到沮丧或有其他问题，他们可以去哪里寻求帮助，甚至教青少年如果他们看到他们在挣扎，如何帮助他们的朋友和同学。可知，新课程要求学生了解精神疾病的症状，以及如果他们感到沮丧或有其他问题，在哪里寻求帮助，甚至教青少年如何在看到朋友和同学困难时帮助他们，因此，新课程指导学生如何管理情绪，解决心理问题。故选C。
39．考查推理判断。根据第四段"‘We know that 50 percent of all mental illness cases begin by age 14, so we are being active in our commitment to provide our kids with the necessary tools to see them through their successes and challenges. Providing mental health instruction is another important step forward in supporting our families,' Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran said.("我们知道，50%的精神疾病病例始于14岁，所以我们积极致力于为孩子们提供必要的工具，帮助他们度过成功和挑战。提供心理健康指导是支持我们家庭的另一个重要步骤，"教育专员Richard Corcoran说。可知，教育专员Richard Corcoran说， 50%的精神疾病病例始于14岁，因此积极致力于为孩子提供必要的工具，帮助他们正确看待成功和挑战，提供心理健康指导是支持我们家庭的又一重要步骤，可推断，该段Richard Corcoran想要强调的是心理健康教育的重要性。故选D。
40．考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的"It is a confusing world they face and giving them the tools to navigate it safely is essential."他们面对的是一个令人困惑的世界，给他们安全导航的工具是至关重要的。可知，他们面临着一个令人困惑的世界，给他们安全导航的工具是至关重要的，结合"These three states in the US are taking bold steps to help youth deal with…of life as they grow from adolescents into adults. "美国的这三个州正在采取大胆的措施来帮助年轻人在从青少年成长为成年人的过程中处理生活的……。可知，美国这三个州正在采取大胆措施，帮助年轻人在从青少年成长为成年人的过程中处理……, 可推知，该单词对应a confusing world，所以，意思应与"令人迷惑的世界"意义相近。故选A。
41．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Besides teaching the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic, teaching about mindfulness, and mental health are important life skills for young people to have. The state of Florida agrees."除了教授基本的阅读、写作和算术，教授正念和心理健康是年轻人重要的生活技能。佛罗里达州对此表示赞同；以及下文中介绍的佛罗里达州开展的心理健康教育情况可知，文章介绍了佛罗里达州要求公立学校开设心理健康课程，这是关于教育的话题，据此可以推断出本文来自一个教育网站。故选C。
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·德阳模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Hangzhou Asian Games served as not just a platform for Asian athletes 42． (compete) in sports, but also a crucial stage to present the cultural 43． (diverse) of Asian nations.
"The Hangzhou Asian Games provided 44． unique opportunity for people from 45 countries and regions to come together. " Yasuhiro Inomata said.
"This holds significant importance in promoting intercultural exchanges, as well as developing peace regionally and 45． (globe), "Inomata added.
"The massive scale of this year's Asian Games not only reflects the development 46． (achievement) in sports throughout Asia, but also 47． ( symbolize) the unity of Asian people, " Raja Randhir Sing said, noting that the Hangzhou Asian Games presents a positive image of the mutual love and friendship 48． (share) by Asian people.
" 49． spectators, we felt that the message of unity and love was not just words but a feeling that reminded us that, despite our differences, we are all interconnected and 50． (harmony) like one big family, " Kharaz, a reporter from Palestine, said.
"The Asian Games are an important platform 51． diverse traditions and cultures met, " Samir al-Musawi, head of the Iraqi delegation to Hangzhou, said to Xinhua.
【答案】42．to compete；43．diversity；44．a；45．globally；46．achievements；47．symbolizes；48．shared；49．As；50．harmonious；51．where
【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了杭州亚运会期间对各国记者的采访。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，短语，形容词的比较级，定语从句副词，非谓语动词，等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
42．句意：杭州亚运会不仅是亚洲运动员竞技的平台，也是展示亚洲各国文化多样性的重要舞台。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要非谓语作定语，表示去做某事， 可知空白处需要动词compete 的不定式 to compete；故答案为to compete 。
43．句意：杭州亚运会不仅是亚洲运动员竞技的平台，也是展示亚洲各国文化多样性的重要舞台。根据定冠词后面要接名词， 可知空白处需要形容词diverse 的名词形式diversity ；故答案为diversity 。
44．句意："杭州亚运会为来自45个国家和地区的人们提供了一个独特的机会。"猪俣康弘说。根据单数可数名词第一次在文章中出现，并强调数量"一"时需要不定冠词， 可知空白处需要不定冠词 a（unique是辅音开头的词）；故答案为 a。
45．句意： 猪俣康弘 补充说:"这对于促进跨文化交流，以及发展地区和全球和平具有重要意义。"根据and前后一致，前面是 regionally副词， 可知空白处需要名词globe 的副词形式globally ；故答案为globally 。
46．句意：Raja Randhir Sing说:"今年亚运会的规模不仅反映了整个亚洲体育的发展成就，也象征着亚洲人民的团结。"根据句意"今年亚运会的规模不仅反映了整个亚洲体育的发展成就"这种成就是各方面的成就， 可知空白处需要名词achievement 的复数名词 achievements；故答案为achievements 。
47．句意：Raja Randhir Sing说:"今年亚运会的规模不仅反映了整个亚洲体育的发展成就，也象征着亚洲人民的团结。"根据固定搭配：not only …but also 前后结构一致， 可知空白处需要与 reflects一致的时态，需要动词symbolize 的动词形式symbolizes ；故答案为symbolizes 。
48．句意：他指出，杭州亚运会展示了亚洲人民相互关爱和友谊的积极形象。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要非谓语作定语， love and friendship与动词share之间是被动关系， 可知空白处需要动词share 的过去分词 shared；故答案为shared 。
49．句意："作为观众，我们觉得团结和爱的信息不仅仅是言语，而是一种感觉，它提醒我们，尽管我们存在差异，但我们都像一个大家庭一样相互联系，和谐相处，"来自巴勒斯坦的记者哈拉兹说。根据分析句子结构空白处需要介词表示"以……的身份" 可知空白处需要介词 As；故答案为 As。
50．句意："作为观众，我们觉得团结和爱的信息不仅仅是言语，而是一种感觉，它提醒我们，尽管我们存在差异，但我们都像一个大家庭一样相互联系，和谐相处，"来自巴勒斯坦的记者哈拉兹说。根据and前后一致，前面 interconnected 是形容词， 可知空白处需要名词harmony 的形容词形式 harmonious；故答案为harmonious 。
51．句意：伊拉克杭州代表团团长萨米尔·穆萨维在接受新华社采访时表示:"亚运会是一个让不同传统和文化相遇的重要平台。"根据分析句子结构空白处需要关系副词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为an important platform， 可知空白处需要关系副词 where；故答案为 where。
四、任务型阅读
（2024·红河模拟） 七选五
The Best Ways to Get Good at Any Sport
If sports are something that interests you, it stands to reason that you would want to be good at them. Succeeding in a sport takes skills, and skills take patience and determination. 52． Skills alone may take you far, but you'll never go all the way unless you have the right attitude and team spirit to back it up.
Join a sports team.
If you want to become a sports superstar, joining a team is a good way to start. Even if your skills are currently low, joining an amateur league will sharpen up your skills. Sports teams are everywhere, and most of them are free to join. If you go to school, you should go for team tryouts when they're happening. 53．
Practice until your skills become second nature.
If you're wondering at what point a skill becomes mastered, it is when you're able to do it automatically and without thinking. This is called the autonomous stage, and it's where you want to be at if you want to play sports competitively. 54． When you're in the fight of a game, you won't have time to think everything through, so practice until it's all automatic, so you'll know you're ready.
Set ambitious but realistic goals for yourself.
55． Instead, you should take a look at what you are, and figure out where you think you would like to be. Give yourself a suitable amount of time to achieve that goal, and break it down into smaller parts if the goal is especially big.
56．
One of the biggest reasons people join sports teams in the first place is to make friends with new people. Chances are you'll develop friendships with at least some of them. Making these friendships a priority is a good move if you want to become great at sports. You can practice together on your own time. The morale (士气) boost of playing with friends helps as well.
A. Set your sights wide.
B. Promote friendships with other players.
C. Recreation centers are often host to sports teams as well.
D. This doesn't mean saying you'll be professional within a year.
E. But if the desire is intense enough, you will do anything to realize your dreams.
F. Given enough time and repetition, a skill will eventually fall under this category.
G. However, you need to think about other things if you want to be a good sports player.
【答案】52．G；53．C；54．F；55．D；56．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了变得擅长任何运动的最佳方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇运动类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
52．根据空后"Skills alone may take you far, but you'll never go all the way unless you have the right attitude and team spirit to back it up"仅有技能可能助你走得很远，但若没有正确的心态和团队精神作支撑，你永远无法达到顶峰。可知，此处上下文说的是要想成为一名优秀的运动员，除了要有技能以外，还有其他事情需要考虑。 G. However, you need to think about other things if you want to be a good sports player. "但是，如果你想成为一名优秀的运动员，你需要考虑其他事情"引出下文，符合语境，故选G。
53．根据空前"Sports teams are everywhere, and most of them are free to join. If you go to school, you should go for team tryouts when they're happening."运动团队无处不在，而且大多数都是免费加入的。如果你还在上学，你应该去参加选拔赛。可知，此处上下文说的是要加入运动队，并列举具体的加入方法。 C. Recreation centers are often host to sports teams as well. "休闲中心也经常有体育团队"承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
54．根据空前"If you're wondering at what point a skill becomes mastered, it is when you're able to do it automatically and without thinking. This is called the autonomous stage, and it's where you want to be at if you want to play sports competitively. "如果你想知道一项技能在什么时候算是掌握了，那就是当你能够自动地进行，而不需要思考的时候。这被称为自主阶段，如果你想从事竞技体育，你希望达到这个阶段。可知，此处上下文说的是要多用时间练习，直到达到自主阶段。 F. Given enough time and repetition, a skill will eventually fall under this category. "只要给予足够的时间和重复练习，一项技能最终将归入这一类别"承接前文，符合语境，故选F。
55．根据本段小标题"Set ambitious but realistic goals for yourself"为自己设定雄心勃勃但符合实际的目标。可知，本段说的是设定目标要符合实际情况。 D. This doesn't mean saying you'll be professional within a year. "这并不意味着你要在一年内成为职业运动员"呼应标题，符合语境，故选D。
56．根据空后"Making these friendships a priority is a good move if you want to become great at sports."如果你想在体育运动中变得出色，那么把建立友谊放在首位是一项明智之举。可知，本段主要讲的是要与其他球员增进友谊。 B. Promote friendships with other players. "与其他球员增进友谊"契合段落内容，适合作为本段小标题。故选B。
五、书面表达
57．（2024·浙江）第一节请你写一篇短文向校英文报"Sports and Health"栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动，内容包括：1. 介绍这项运动；2. 说明推荐理由。
注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答：
Stand Up and Exercise, Everybody!
【答案】One possible version:
Stand Up and Exercise, Everybody!
Everybody! Are you tired of sitting in class all day How about incorporating some physical activity into your daily routine One great option is the "Stand Up and Stretch" exercise. This simple routine involves standing up from your desk, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths. It's a quick and easy way to get your blood flowing and re-energize your body and mind. This exercise is recommended for several reasons.
First, it helps to combat the negative effects of prolonged sitting, such as back pain and stiffness. Second, it can improve your focus and concentration, making it easier to stay engaged in class. Lastly, it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle, which is essential for overall well-being.
So, next time you feel a bit sluggish during class, remember to stand up and stretch! It's a small change that can make a big difference in your day.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生写一篇短文向校英文报"Sports and Health"栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动 向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 介绍这项运动；2. 说明推荐理由。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： This simple routine involves standing up from your desk, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths.运用了动名词作宾语； It's a quick and easy way to get your blood flowing and re-energize your body and mind.运用了it作形式主语； This exercise is recommended for several reasons.运用了被动语态；Lastly, it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle, which is essential for overall well-being.运用了非限制性定语从句；So, next time you feel a bit sluggish during class, remember to stand up and stretch! 运用了时间状语从句，祈使句；It's a small change that can make a big difference in your day.运用了强调句。
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