专题02 阅读理解应用文&议论文&新闻报道
(1)
（22-23高二下·江苏无锡·期中）Deciduous forests (落叶林) are home to many wild animals. The development and expansion of human presence in the forests has caused many of their native species to become endangered.
Giant Panda
The giant panda, one of the most recognizable endangered species, is a large, docile species of bear native to the deciduous forest of eastern China Myanmar and Vietnam because of its limited diet--the panda’s main source of food is bamboo--the species is limited in its habitat to areas where bamboo is available. Now the species only can be found today in 20small patches of forest at the western edge of its historic range.
Gray and red wolves
The gray wolf, which once ranged from the East Coast of America to the west, and south to Mexico, now has a population of only 5,000 in the lower 48 states, mostly in the Rocky Mountains. The smaller red wolf, native to the southeastern United States, was declared extinct in the wild in 1980, though conservation efforts have reintroduced small captive populations to the wild in California.
Red-Crowned crane
The red -crowned crane is native to Japan, Korea and eastern China. Agricultural expansion and deforestation in these areas have removed a great deal of the marshes and forests that are the crane’s primary habitats. For a time, the crane was thought to have completely disappeared from Japan, but the recent discovery of cranes in Japanese marshlands has restarted conservation efforts. Today, around 2,500 cranes live in the wild, including 1,000 in Japan.
European Mink
Native to Europe, the European mink ranges from France in the west to Finland in the north, Russia in the cast and the Balkans in the south. Destruction of the mink habitat and use of the species for fur have caused dramatic drops in the species’ population, which has been reduced by 85 percent since the mid-19th century.
1. What has caused the wild animals to become endangered
A. Global warming. B. International trade.
C. Environmental pollution. D. The invasion of mankind.
2. Which is mentioned as the reason for the decline of European minks
A. The loss of their natural food. B. The hunting of human beings.
C. Drought and forest fire. D. Excessive deforestation.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To call for more efforts to protect forests. B. To study the living habits of wild animals.
C. To introduce some endangered species. D. To find ways to protect wild animals.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。人类对森林资源的过度开采已经造成了多种动物濒危的现状。本文列举了其中四个例子。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一自然段“The development and expansion of human presence in the forests has caused many of their native species to become endangered. (森林中人类活动的发展和扩大导致许多本土物种濒临灭绝。)”可知，人类向落叶林入侵已经导致许多当地物种濒临灭绝，结合选项，故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据European Mink部分“Destruction of the mink habitat and use of the species for fur have caused dramatic drops in the species’ population, which has been reduced by 85 percent since the mid-19th century. (水貂栖息地的破坏和对该物种毛皮的使用导致了该物种数量的急剧下降，自19世纪中期以来，该物种的数量减少了85%。)”可知，水貂的水生栖息地遭到破坏以及人类对其的猎杀导致其数量的下降，结合选项，故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一自然段“The development and expansion of human presence in the forests has caused many of their native species to become endangered. (森林中人类活动的发展和扩大导致许多本土物种濒临灭绝。)”可知，人类向落叶林的入侵已经导致许多当地物种濒临灭绝，下文就介绍了大熊猫、灰狼和红狼、丹顶鹤以及欧洲水貂等几种濒临灭绝的以落叶林为栖息地的野生动物。因此，本文的目的是介绍一些濒临灭绝的物种，结合选项，故选C。
(2)
（江苏省响水中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中）The answer to traffic jams on the highways around airports could be electric air taxis. But this is not a futuristic dream. United Airlines is helping to make it a reality.
The carrier is ordering 200 electric air taxis, also called eVOTL planes, from Eve Air Mobility which designed vehicles for short distance-like going from city centers to airports-that can seat four passengers. The eVOTL planes take off and land like helicopters.
These vehicles that are due to be delivered in 2026 can fly from rooftop to rooftop. These types of vehicles are more environmental than using ground transportation. That’s because the air taxis use electric engines that have no carbon emissions (碳排放). This will reduce pollution and noise levels by 90 percent, according to United Airlines and Eve Air Mobility.
“Our agreement with Eve shows our confidence in the urban air mobility market and serves as another important step toward our goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2050,” said Michael Leskinen, president of United Airlines Ventures. “We’ll get there not with empty gestures, but by taking the harder path of actually reducing the emissions from flying.” If the company meets its goal of reducing its carbon footprint to net zero, it will be the first US airline to do so.
This isn’t United’s first try for environmental protection. The company started using bio-fuel (生物燃料) in flights from Los Angeles in 2016. It was the first airline in the US to promise to significantly use bio-fuel and this could cut emissions by 60 percent. From baby steps to flying ones, this airline is working on its commitment to the environment. Hopefully this is just one part of a global commitment to green the airline industry.
1. How does the author introduce the takeoff and landing of eVOTL planes
A. By providing a long list. B. By using experts’ words.
C. By making a comparison. D. By referring to a news report.
2. What can we learn about the eVOTL planes
A. They make no noise when flying. B. They each can hold eight passengers.
C. They are designed for long distances. D. They are friendly to the environment.
3. What can be inferred about United Airlines
A. It promises to use bio-fuel in 2050. B. It has a pioneering spirit.
C. It stopped carbon emissions in 2016. D. It shows no interest in electric air taxis.
4. What might be the best title for the text
A. The Promising Future of Air Travel Is Seen Now
B. More Companies Are Developing Green Technologies
C. Electric Air Taxis Will Make Getting to the Airport Easy
D. Electric Air Taxis Will Be Put Into Wide Use in the Future
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了为了解决机场周围高速公路交通堵塞，美联航订购了200架电动的空中出租车，用于从市中心到机场这段路。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The eVOTL planes take off and land like helicopters.”（eVOTL飞机像直升机一样起飞和降落。）可推断，作者采用了对比的写作手法来介绍这种飞机的起飞和降落。故选C。
2. 细节理解题. 根据第三段“These types of vehicles are more environmental than using ground transportation. That’s because the air taxis use electric engines that have no carbon emissions (碳排放).”（这些类型的车辆比使用地面运输更环保。这是因为空中出租车使用的是没有碳排放的电动发动机）可知，eVOTL飞机是环保的。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“If the company meets its goal of reducing its carbon footprint to net zero, it will be the first US airline to do so.”（如果该公司实现了将碳足印降至零的目标，它将成为首家这样做的美国航空公司。）及最后一段“It was the first airline in the US to promise to significantly use bio-fuel and this could cut emissions by 60 percent.”（它是美国第一家承诺大量使用生物燃料的航空公司，这可以减少60% 的排放量。）可推断，美联航具有开拓创新的精神。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段和第二段可知，解决机场周围高速公路交通堵塞的办法可能是电动的空中出租车，美联航订购了200架电动的空中出租车，用于从市中心到机场这段路。由此可推断，本文主要介绍了电动的空中出租车可以让到达机场变得轻松，C项“电动空中出租车将使到达机场变得容易”。故选C。
(3)
（21-22高二下·江苏镇江·期中）
1.War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and still continues to fascinate its readers. The unnamed hero is one of the first witnesses of a strange-looking meteorite（陨石）in England. Not long after, it is apparent that the meteorite is Martian and an invasion is around the corner, What is it like for man, the dominated of earth, to be dominated by a race of aliens
2.The Dune Saga（沙丘）by Frank Herbert Published from 1965-1985, the Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction. Instead of sticking to a single character, these novels begin with Paul Atreides, first a son of a noble family and then the emperor of the known universe. The novels follow Paul’s descendants (后裔), ending by revealing the fate of his planet, Arrakis, and the fate of his generations.
3.The Space Trilogy by C. S. Lewis This series contains three books that were published from 1938-1945. Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus. On these planets, the local residents are not corrupted (腐败), but corruption from Earth threatens them. When Ransom returns to Earth in the final book, corruption even greater than when he left awaits him there.
4. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burs them. The main character, Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture obsesses (着迷) with the society of television but doesn’t realize the value--and the freedom--that comes with literature.
1. Where is Dr.Elwin Ransom originally from
A. Earth. B. Venus. C. Mars. D. Arrakis.
2. Which book explores the potential for technology to make humans less free
A. War of the Worlds. B. The Dune Saga. C. The Space Trilogy. D. Fahrenheit 451.
3. What do the four books have in common
A. They show an imaginary world. B. They each have two main characters.
C. They explore the nature of humanity. D. They were published in the 20th century.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书，包括它们的作者和主要内容等。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三个表格中的“Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus.（刘易斯以主人公埃尔文·兰瑟姆博士为主角，探索人类的本质，他来到了地球之外的火星和金星） ”可知，Dr. Elwin Ransom来自地球。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据最后一个表格中的“The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. （1953年这部无价小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟）”和“The main character, Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture obsesses (着迷) with the society of television but doesn’t realize the value--and the freedom--that comes with literature.（主角盖伊·蒙塔格是一名消防员，他焚烧书籍和存放书籍的房屋。那时的文化沉迷于电视社会，但没有意识到文学带来的价值和自由）”可知，Fahrenheit 451这本书探索了技术让人类变得更加不自由。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的“Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and still continues to fascinate its readers. （自1897年出版以来，这部科幻小说激发了无数小说的灵感，至今仍让读者着迷）”，第二个表格中的“Published from 1965-1985, the Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction.（《沙丘传奇》出版于1965年至1985年，共有6部小说，被广泛认为是最伟大的科幻史诗）”，第三个表格中的“This series contains three books that were published from 1938-1945.Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr.Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus.（本系列包含1938-1945年出版的三本书。刘易斯以主人公埃尔文·兰瑟姆博士为主角，探索人类的本质，他来到了地球之外的火星和金星）”和最后一个表格中的“The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burs them. （1953年这部无价小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟。雷·布拉德伯里利用这样一个使书籍饱受摧残的社会来讨论书籍的重要性） ”可知，这四本书的共同特点是：它们都展示了一个想象的世界。故选A。
(4)
（22-23高二下·江苏泰州·期中）Did you know that the custom of turning our clocks an hour ahead during the year first originated in World War I By making the days “longer”, the goal was for households to conserve electricity and other forms of energy like fuel. Recently, the US Senate passed the Sunshine Protection Act. The bill must also go through the House of Representatives before it can be signed by the President. If passed, Daylight SavingTime(DST) could become the permanent system of the time.
Although the specific dates of the time change differ, many countries around the world observe a biannual system of the time. From mid-March to November in the US, most states practice DST by turning the time forward by an hour from the Standard Time (ST), the local time observed in an area.
Though the original purpose of DST was to encourage the conservation of energy, multiple studies suggest that the time shift has not made a significant impact on saving energy costs. While less money is spent on electricity, costs are still likely to rise with the usage of devices such as air conditioners and computers. Research conducted by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine has shown that DST time changes lead to a greater risk of car crashes.
According to researchers, ST is much more closely related to the body’s circadian rhythm (昼夜节律) which regulates our organs as well as our sleep-wake cycle. By permanently living in DST, children would have to get up and be in school long before the sun rises—which could be 9 am in Seattle and other western states!
Proponents argue that because DST maximizes daylight, it encourages safety by lowering crime rates and reducing seasonal depression. DST provides more waking time to enjoy with families and friends, or even to get more work done.
The bill is certainly a hot topic of discussion, but one thing is for sure: everyone is in favor of getting rid of the biannual time switch.
1. What do we know about DST according to researchers
A. It can make schools start late. B. It helps improve people’s sleeping quality.
C. It increases the possibility of traffic accidents. D. It can reduce the usage of electronic devices.
2. What does the underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A. People who are in favor of DST. B. People who are efficient in working
C. People who have seasonal depression. D. People who enjoy the company of friends.
3. What is the author’s attitude towards the biannual time switch
A. Positive. B. Neutral. C. Unclear. D. Negative.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. The influence of ST B. The significance of ST
C. The debate about DST D. The histroy of DST
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章针对美国参议院通过的《阳光保护法》引出了对实行夏令时利弊的讨论。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Research conducted by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine has shown that DST time changes lead to a greater risk of car crashes.”（美国睡眠医学学会进行的研究表明，夏令时的改变会增加车祸的风险。）可知，夏令时会增加交通事故的可能性。故选C项。
2. 词义猜测题。根据第五段“because DST maximizes daylight, it encourages safety by lowering crime rates and reducing seasonal depression. DST provides more waking time to enjoy with families and friends, or even to get more work done.”（因为夏令时最大限度地利用了日光，它通过降低犯罪率和减少季节性抑郁来促进安全。夏令时提供了更多的清醒时间与家人和朋友一起享受，甚至完成更多的工作。）可知该段描述了夏令时的好处，故推测“proponents”表示“支持者，赞成者”。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The bill is certainly a hot topic of discussion, but one thing is for sure: everyone is in favor of getting rid of the biannual time switch.”（该法案无疑是讨论的热门话题，但有一件事是肯定的：每个人都赞成取消一年两次的时间转换。）可知，每个人都赞成取消一年两次的时间转换，也包括作者在内，故作者对一年两次的时间转换持否定态度。故选D项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“If passed, Daylight SavingTime (DST) could become the permanent system of the time.”（如果法案通过，夏令时可能成为永久的时间系统。）及第三四段对夏令时弊端的讨论和第五段对夏令时优势的描述可知，文章主要是关于夏令时利弊的讨论。故选C项。
(5)
（22-23高二下·江苏泰州·期中）Take a spin on your ice skates at the world’s highest outdoor skating rink (溜冰场), surrounded by the breathtaking view of snow-covered trees and picturesque mountains. Whether you are looking for leisurely ice skating with family and friends or a friendly pickup hockey (冰球) game with the locals, this world-class rink is for you.
●Operating Dates &Times (Non-holiday Periods)
Sunday-Thursday 11:00 am - 6:45 pm
Friday & Saturday 10:00 am - 7:45 pm
Hours and dates of operation are subject to change based upon weather and conditions.
●Ice Skating Rentals (4:00 pm - 7:30 pm daily)
Skating Skate Rental Hockey Sticky Rental Helmet Rental Souvenir Puck
FREE $12 $6 $6 $5
A waiver (弃权说明) needs to be signed by all persons wanting to rent skates, sticks, or helmets. If you are 16 and under a parent or legal guardian, they need to sign a waiver for you before you can rent skates.
●Helpful Information
No pedestrians are permitted on the rink. All guests must have skates.
Slap shots and raising the puck aren’t permitted.
Helmets recommended.
Strollers and wheelchairs aren’t permitted on the rink.
All participants must follow the attendant’s instructions. Unsafe conduct will result in the removal of your ticket without a refund.
●How to Get There
From the Village Centre—take Lara’s Gondola to Happy Valley, and turn right in front of Happy Valley Day Lodge for entrance to the skating rink.
By vehicle—park in the Happy Valley Parking Lot and proceed to the skating rink.
●Facilities
Olympic-sized ice surface.
Hot snacks/drinks available for purchase in the Happy Valley Day Lodge.
Heated washroom facilities in the Happy Valley Day Lodge.
Fully lit for night skating.
Professionals to assist beginners.
1. How much does it cost to rent the equipment for a hockey game
A. $12. B. $18. C. $29. D. $24
2. What is a must for a guest to enter the rink
A. Signing a waiver. B. Wearing skates. C. Renting a helmet. D. Being 16 years old.
3. Which of the following highlights the rink
A. Its age range. B. Its highest altitude. C. Its excellent service. D. Its easy access.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了世界上最高的室外溜冰场的开放时间，收费情况等具体信息。
1. 细节理解题。根据“Ice Skating Rentals”（溜冰租金）中内容可知，“Skating”是免费的，“Skate Rental”（滑冰鞋租赁）是12美元，“Hockey Sticky Rental”（冰棍租赁）是6美元，“Helmet Rental”（头盔租赁）是6美元，“Souvenir Puck”（纪念冰球）是5美元，冰球比赛需要前三种装备，故冰球比赛租用装备需要24美元。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据“Helpful Information”中“All guests must have skates.”（所有客人都必须穿溜冰鞋。）可知，进入溜冰场必须穿溜冰鞋。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Take a spin on your ice skates at the world’s highest outdoor skating rink(溜冰场), surrounded by the breathtaking view of snow-covered trees and picturesque mountains.”（在世界上最高的室外溜冰场上穿着冰鞋滑一圈冰，周围是白雪皑皑的树木和风景如画的群山，令人叹为观止。）可知，该溜冰场的亮点在于它是世界上海拔最高的溜冰场。故选B项。
(6)
（22-23高二下·山东青岛二中期中）Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.
Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking bout the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.
1. Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph 2
A. To compare intelligent machines to ants.
B. To show improved machines will get away from us.
C. To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals.
D. To explain future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy
2. What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Disable. B. Inspire. C. Disappoint. D. Outpace.
3. How is the passage mainly developed
A. By making comparisons. B. By giving assumptions.
C. By showing valid evidence. D. By analyzing statistics
4. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s viewpoint towards AI
A. Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future
B. Super intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.
C. We should keep the development of AI within humans’ control.
D. Human beings should stop the development of super intelligent AL.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过假设说明，对于未来的智能机器，我们人类应该把人工智能的发展控制在人类的控制之内。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.”（我们不恨它们。我们不会特意去伤害它们。事实上，有时候我们尽量不伤害它们。我们在人行道上跨过它们。但只要它们的存在与我们的目标严重冲突，我们就会毫不犹豫地杀死它们。我们担心有一天我们会制造出机器，无论它们是否有意识，它们都可以同样漠视我们）可知，此处提到平时我们对待蚂蚁时尽量不伤害它们，而当蚂蚁的存在和我们的目标冲突时，我们会好不犹豫地杀死它们。拿此事例类比我们未来制造的智能机器，可以证明机器对待我们时也会一样的残忍。故选D。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前半部分“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine”（如果我们制造出比我们更聪明的机器，它们很可能以我们无法想象的方式发展）可知，当机器人比我们更聪明时，它们的一些方式可能是我们无法想象，甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以划线词此处指“超越”，A项“使失去能力”；B项“启发，鼓舞”；C项“使失望”；D项“超越”，故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.”（我们担心有一天我们会制造出机器，无论它们是否有意识，它们都可以同样漠视我们）第三段中“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine”（如果我们制造出比我们更聪明的机器，它们很可能以我们无法想象的方式发展）第四段中“So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.”（所以想象一下，我们偶然发现了一个超级智能人工智能的设计，它没有任何安全隐患）可知，文章主要是通过假设来论证文章的主题。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.”（考虑到智能和自动化的价值，我们将继续改进我们的技术，如果我们有能力的话。在某种程度上，我们会建造比我们更聪明的机器。一旦我们有了比我们更聪明的机器，它们就会开始自我改进。真正令人担忧的是，我们将制造出比我们更有竞争力的机器。他们的目标和我们的目标稍有不同就会毁了我们）可知，当机器比我们人类更智能时，它们就会开始自我改进，制造出比我们更有竞争力的机器。当他们的目标和我们的目标稍有不同就会毁了我们。最后一段“But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.”（ 但是，一旦我们承认信息处理是智慧的源泉，我们就必须承认，我们正在建造某种上帝。现在是个好时机，我们要确保这是一个我们可以与之共存的神）可知，我们人类应该要确保智能机器与我们人类共存，即我们人类要让智能机器置于我们的控制之内。故选C。
(7)
（22-23高二下·浙江杭州·期中）Arts or Science Streaming is a step that one must take in adolescence. Certainly, the answer to this decision does not come easy to most people. The most important thing to do is to identify where your interests lie. You may also consider future jobs, through which you can find what you love. The little known but interesting jobs below are for your reference.
Little-known but interesting jobs in the science sector: Little-known but interesting jobs in the arts sector:
1. Perfumer A creative perfumer mixes several scented chemicals to make the perfect fragrance, using his or her knowledge of chemicals. It can take many trials and much consumer testing to get that perfect scent. 1. Museum Curator A museum curator safeguards collections of heritage. He or she is a content-specialist charged with an institution’s collections and involved with the interpretation of heritage material.
2. Orthotist It is a job that helps those who have lost some part of their limbs (四肢). An orthotist helps patients with partial or total absence of limbs by creating a custom-designed device. 2. Glass blower Glass blowers are creative people who design, produce and decorate glass. They are the ones who are behind the exquisitely-designed glass giftware, tableware and mirrors.
3. Sonographer Sonographers perform procedures such as sonograms and ultrasounds. Essentially, they enable us to see what is inside the body without performing surgeries. 3. Jewelry Designer A jewelry designer designs and makes jewelry using a variety of materials, including gold, silver and stones. The jewelry they make may not be wearable, but used as decorative artefacts instead.
1. Which of the following can be an ideal candidate for a job as a perfumer
A. A medical student. B. A chemistry student. C. A history student. D. A law student.
2. Which job can serve as an aid to a medical diagnosis
A. Perfumer. B. Orthotist. C. Glass blower. D. Sonographer.
3. Who is the passage intended for
A. Job-hunters. B. University graduates. C. High school students. D. Employers.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几个有趣的工作。
1. 细节理解题。根据1. Perfumer中“A creative perfumer mixes several scented chemicals to make the perfect fragrance, using his or her knowledge of chemicals. (富有创造力的调香师利用他或她的化学品知识混合几种有香味的化学物质来制作完美的香水。)”可知，调香师工作的理想人选是化学专业的学生。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据3. Sonographer中的“Sonographers perform procedures such as sonograms and ultrasounds. Essentially, they enable us to see what is inside the body without performing surgeries. (超声医师执行超声检查和超声波等程序。从本质上讲，它们使我们能够在不进行手术的情况下看到体内的情况。)”可知，Sonographers可以帮助进行医学诊断。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The most important thing to do is to identify where your interests lie. You may also consider future jobs, through which you can find what you love. The little known but interesting jobs below are for your reference. (最重要的事情是确定您的兴趣所在。你也可以考虑未来的工作，通过它你可以找到你喜欢的东西。下面鲜为人知但有趣的工作供您参考。)”可知，这篇文章是给求职者写的。故选A项。
(8)
（22-23高二下·浙江绍兴·期中）Pioneers of the research that led to one of the first COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗) say breakthroughs obtained in their studies could point the way toward developing a potential vaccine against cancer before the end of the decade.
Ugur Sahin and Ozlem Tureci, co-founders of BioNTech said technology they had developed could aid the immune (免疫) system respond to cancer cells. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccine stimulates cells to generate spike proteins, which warn the body’s immune system about things to look out for and to attack.
It is hoped that this could be reworked using proteins found in cancer tumor (肿瘤) cells, causing a similar bodily defensive action.
BioNTech was founded in 2008 specifically to work on cancer treatments. “Our focus has always been on achieving the full potential of the body’s immune system to successfully help handle cancer and infectious diseases,” says the company website.
Some of those earlier cancer vaccine developments have reached the clinical trial stage. “As scientists we are always hesitant to say we will have a cure for cancer,” said Tureci. “We have gained a mass of breakthroughs and we will continue to work on them. . . this will definitely quicken also our cancer vaccine.”
Luke O’Neill, professor of biochemistry at Trinity College Dublin, said that such a breakthrough would be “the Holy Grail” of cancer research, He added that it enabled the body to recognize a cancer tumor as a foreign element, in the same way it had done with COVID-19, and to respond accordingly, so that the immune system could be “trained” to “hunt down” the abnormal presence.
What made the potential breakthrough even more inspiring, he said, was that any treatment could be personalized to work on an individual cancer patient’s specific circumstances. “You can take someone who’s got cancer, take their own tumor and make an RNA vaccine out of that and improve their own immune system specifically against their own tumor. That’s a really awesome thing to see,” he added.
1. What has been BioNTech’s mission since its establishment
A. To develop the COVID-19 vaccine. B. To understand the immune system.
C. To explore treatments for cancer. D. To detect the tumour cells.
2. Which of the following options can best describe Ozlem Tureci
A. Cautious and committed. B. Gifted and ambitious.
C. Passionate and critical. D. Brave and competitive.
3. What can be learnt about Luke O’Neill
A. He developed an effective COVID-19 vaccine.
B. He held a positive attitude to BioNTech’s study.
C. He contributed significantly to BioNTech’s research.
D. He trained the immune system to hunt the abnormal presence.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. BioNTech suceeds in developing cancer vaccines.
B. COVID-19 research brings hope for cancer treatment.
C. COVID-19 vaccines help bodies respond to cancer cells.
D. BioNTech makes breakthroughs in COVID-19 vaccines.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B
【解析】本文为新闻报道。文章介绍了冠状病毒疾病疫苗研究中取得的突破可能为开发出一种潜在的抗癌疫苗指明方向，并介绍了研究开展的过程及发现。
1. 细节理解题。根据第四段“BioNTech was founded in 2008 specifically to work on cancer treatments. “Our focus has always been on achieving the full potential of the body’s immune system to successfully help handle cancer and infectious diseases,” says the company website. (BioNTech成立于2008年，专门从事癌症治疗工作。该公司网站上说：“我们的重点一直是充分发挥人体免疫系统的潜力，成功地帮助治疗癌症和传染病。”)”可知，自公司诞生以来，BioNTech的使命是探索癌症的治疗方法。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第五段““As scientists we are always hesitant to say we will have a cure for cancer,” said Tureci. “We have gained a mass of breakthroughs and we will continue to work on them. . . this will definitely quicken also our cancer vaccine.”(“作为科学家，我们总是不太敢说我们能治愈癌症，”Tureci说。“我们已经取得了大量突破，我们将继续努力……这肯定也会加快我们的癌症疫苗研制。”)”可推知，Ozlem Tureci谨慎而坚定。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“What made the potential breakthrough even more inspiring, he said, was that any treatment could be personalized to work on an individual cancer patient’s specific circumstances. “You can take someone who’s got cancer, take their own tumor and make an RNA vaccine out of that and improve their own immune system specifically against their own tumor. That’s a really awesome thing to see,” he added.(他说，让这一潜在突破更鼓舞人心的是，任何治疗都可以针对个别癌症患者的具体情况进行个性化治疗。“你可以找一个癌症患者，取出他们自己的肿瘤，从中制造出RNA疫苗，提高他们自己的免疫系统，专门针对他们自己的肿瘤。这真是一件很棒的事情，”他补充道)”可推知，Luke O’Neill对BioNTech的研究持乐观态度。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Pioneers of the research that led to one of the first COVID-19 vaccines say breakthroughs obtained in their studies could point the way toward developing a potential vaccine against cancer before the end of the decade.(首批COVID-19疫苗之一的研究先驱表示，他们在研究中取得的突破可能为在本世纪末之前开发出一种潜在的抗癌疫苗指明道路)”并结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现可知，这篇文章主要讲的是COVID-19研究为癌症治疗带来希望。故选B。
(9)
（广东省深圳市龙华中学2022-2023学年高二下学期5月期中）“I’ll be there in a few minutes. I’m playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzzball,” my 15-year-old son shouted from his room. “Oh, what is Scuzzball’s real name ” I asked. “I have no idea.” He said. “Where is he from ” I continued. He responded, “I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn’t even matter because Scuzzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot.”
“Your friend is replaced by artificial intelligence ” “It doesn’t matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues.” My son doesn’t mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children.
Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile. Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other.
Presence in friendship requires “being with” and “doing for”. Perhaps the most defining feature of deep friendship is “doing for”, as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I’m sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online “friends” would bother to do the hard work of friendship. When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they’d just order soup online themselves.
Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text
A. By quoting famous mottoes. B. By introducing an online game.
C. By showing robots’ irreplaceable role. D. By presenting a parent-child conversation.
2. What does the author mainly explain in Paragraph 3
A. Impact of selfish friendship. B. The meaning of deep friendship.
C. Selfless sacrifices in friendship. D. The formation of shallow friendship.
3. What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A. Ordering food online for friends is an example of “being with”.
B. The students thought highly of the teacher’s question.
C. Virtual friends won’t make real sacrifices.
D. Robots will have our back in trouble.
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Benefits of Digital Life B. Digitalized Friendship
C. Face-to-face Communication D. The Sacrifices of Online Friends
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章对虚拟世界的友谊进行了探讨并产生了结论——作者认为数字生活产生了虚假的友谊。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段““I’ll be there in a few minutes. I’m playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzzball,” my 15-year-old son shouted from his room. “Oh, what is Scuzzball’s real name ” I asked. “I have no idea.” He said. “Where is he from ” I continued. He responded, “I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn’t even matter because Scuzzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot.”(“我几分钟后就到。我在和一个朋友玩游戏，一个叫Scuzzball的家伙，”我15岁的儿子在他的房间里喊道。“哦，Scuzzball的真名是什么？”我问。“我不知道。”他说。“他是哪里人？”我接着说到。他回答说：“我想在加拿大的某个地方。哦，等等，这根本不重要，因为Scuzzball刚刚离开了比赛，他被一个机器人取代了。”)”可知，作者通过呈现一段亲子对话来引出文章的主题。故选D。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段最后四句“Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other.(相比之下，深厚的友谊是你关心你的朋友是为了他，而不是为了你能得到什么好处。这就是无私的友谊。你只能有几个这样的朋友，因为他们需要大量的时间和精力。你们必须为彼此做出牺牲。)”可知，作者主要在第3段解释了深厚友谊的意义。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句和第四句“Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online “friends” would bother to do the hard work of friendship.(只有牢固的纽带才能激励人们做出真正的牺牲。但目前尚不清楚为什么网上的“朋友”会费心去做艰难的友谊工作。)”可知，虚拟朋友不会做出真正的牺牲。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children.(我不知道我们的孩子是否会失去我成长过程中面对面的友谊体验。)”，第三段第一句“Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile.(伟大的思想家和教育家亚里士多德指出，肤浅的友谊很容易形成，但也很容易放弃，因为这种联系是脆弱的。)”，第四段第一句“Presence in friendship requires “being with” and “doing for”. (友谊的存在需要“与”和“为”。)”和最后一段“Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships.(数字生活充满并吸收了清醒的生活时间，因此人们不会加入友谊的例子，如体育、集体艺术、自由放养的童年等。就这样，数字生活产生了虚假的友谊。)”可知，文章对虚拟世界的友谊进行了探讨并产生了结论。故选B。
(10)
（21-22高二下·湖北·期中）Are you seeking wildlife volunteer opportunities to support animal conservation efforts If you are, Animal Care and Wildlife Conservation volunteer abroad projects of International Volunteer HO (IVHQ) are good choices for you. You’ll have the unique chance to support the protection of natural habitats, learn about wildlife conservation techniques and study and monitor animal behavior.
IVHO has over 13-year experience working with responsible and trusted wildlife conservation organizations, animal sanctuaries (保护区) and animal shelters around the world. This means you can volunteer abroad with confidence, knowing that your volunteer work with animals and other like-minded travelers will be rewarding and life-changing.
●Our wildlife volunteer opportunities, such as wild elephant conservation in Sri Lanka or wolf conservation in Portugal, are popular options for animal volunteering. Also, you can join one of our animal volunteer work projects in South America or Central America. Here you'll be volunteering in animal shelters and dog rescue centers, providing support in feeding, caring for, and playing with domestic animals.
●If you’re looking for marine (海洋的) and sea turtle conservation or diving volunteer opportunities, IVHO offers marine conservation volunteer opportunities across a wide range of destinations including Belize. Costa Rica. Spain and more!
●You don’t need to have experience in conservation or animal rescue to make a difference to IVHO’s animal volunteer programs. With IVHO, you can volunteer abroad with animals for one week or 24 weeks at any time of the year.
How to get started；
▲Pick a destination and a project and apply for free.
▲Meet your personal volunteer travel expert.
▲Pay the registration fee to secure your place and upgrade your MyIVHO account.
▲Get ready to volunteer abroad and we’ll support you every step of the way!
Contact:
info@volunteerhq.org
+64-6-758-7949 /International
1. What do we know about IVHQ
A. It was founded over two decades ago.
B. It aims to build a wildlife conservation organization.
C. It can provide high-quality volunteer projects.
D. It has more volunteer projects at home than it does abroad.
2. Which is a suitable destination for participants wanting to help little pet animals
A. Portugal. B. South America. C. Sri Lanka. D. North America.
3. What is a requirement for the program
A. Paying a fee for registration. B. Having some related experience.
C. Working for at least 24 weeks. D. Applying for a project one week in advance.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一个志愿者服务机构，这个机构可以给想参与志愿者活动的人提供很多机会。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“IVHO has over 13-year experience working with responsible and trusted wildlife conservation organizations, animal sanctuaries (保护区) and animal shelters around the world. This means you can volunteer abroad with confidence, knowing that your volunteer work with animals and other like-minded travelers will be rewarding and life-changing.( IVHQ有超过13年的与负责任的值得信赖的野生动物保护组织、动物保护区和动物收容所的工作经验。这意味着你可以自信地到国外做志愿者，知道你与动物有关的志愿者工作和与其他志同道合的旅行者一起工作将是有益的，改变生活的。)”可知，IVHQ可为人们提供优质的、有意义的志愿者项目。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, you can join one of our animal volunteer work projects in South America or Central America. Here you'll be volunteering in animal shelters and dog rescue centers, providing support in feeding, caring for, and playing with domestic animals.(此外，你还可以加入我们在南美或中美洲的动物志愿者工作项目。在这里，你将在动物收容所和狗救援中心做志愿者，为喂养、照顾和与家畜一起玩耍提供支持)”可知，如果想去帮助一些小宠物，可选择去南美洲。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据“How to get started”部分的“▲Pay the registration fee to secure your place and upgrade your MyIVHO account.(支付注册费，以确保你的位置和升级你的MyIVHO帐户。)”可知,这个项目的一个要求是支付注册费用。故选A。
(11)
（22-23高二下·湖南长沙·期中）Which’s more important: Your employee or your customer A popular business expression is, “The customer is always right.” But you should never say “always”.
The owners of a restaurant in Alaska won international praise after protecting their autistic (自闭的) employee.
When the employee delivered the wrong food to a customer’s house, that customer reacted violently and unkindly. Even after the employee corrected the mistake, the customer continued to shout. And that same customer was even rude to the restaurant owners’ daughter. So the owners “fired” the customer.
Restaurant owners P.J. and Spiro Gialopsos have added the customer to the restaurant’s “Do Not Deliver” list. That customer is now persona non grata, Latin for “an unwelcome person”.
P.J. Gialopsos wrote on the restaurant’s Facebook page, “You would think the majority of the population would have learned or at least heard about autism.”
Gialopsos said, “The employee has worked at the Little Italy Restaurant in Anchorage, Alaska, for two years. He was very upset about the angry customer.”
Gialopsos describes the employee as a seriously gifted university student who is curious about the world. She adds that the employee also has “an amazing personality, great sense of humor and a strong work ethic.”
“This employee is also one who will not have to deal with that rude customer anymore,” added Gialopsos.
Reached at home by reporters, Gialopsos says she is happy about the positive comments she and her husband are receiving. By Tuesday afternoon, her Facebook posting about the incident received more than 30,000 “Likes” and hundreds of positive ments and e-mails came from Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Namibia and the United Arab Emirates.
Gialopsos said she spent a couple of emotional days crying over the posts on the Facebook page. She adds that many parents from around the country who have children with autism wrote to her about the incident. “Their stories broke my heart,” she said. Another comment on Facebook that she found “striking” is a woman who thanked them for hiring someone who is “differently-abled”.
1. Why did the owners of the restaurant receive praise
A. They would always put their customers first.
B. They had a “Do Not Deliver” list in their restaurant.
C. They fired a customer for hurting their autistic worker.
D. They promised to deliver food to their customers’ house.
2. What made the customer angry
A. The employee acted unkindly. B. He didn’t get the food he ordered.
C. The owners’ daughter was very impolite. D. He was considered as an unwelcome person.
3. Why did Gialopsos cry when she read the posts on Facebook
A. Because she was moved by others’ comments.
B. Because children with autism were thankful to her.
C. Because nobody understood what she had done.
D. Because stories on the Facebook page hurt her feelings.
4. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A restaurant guide. B. A news report. C. A research paper. D. A personal diary.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B
【解析】本文是篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了阿拉斯加的一家餐馆的老板因保护了他们的自闭症员工而赢得了国际赞誉的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The owners of a restaurant in Alaska won international praise after protecting their autistic (自闭的) employee.”（阿拉斯加一家餐馆的老板保护了他们患有自闭症的员工，赢得了国际赞誉。）和第三段“When the employee delivered the wrong food to a customer’s house, that customer reacted violently and unkindly. Even after the employee corrected the mistake, the customer continued to shout. And that same customer was even rude to the restaurant owners’ daughter. So the owners “fired” the customer.”（当这名员工把错误的食物送到顾客家里时，顾客的反应很粗暴，也很不友好，即使在员工纠正了错误之后，这位顾客还是继续大喊大叫，这位顾客甚至对餐馆老板的女儿很粗鲁。于是店主“解雇”了这位顾客。）可知，这家餐馆的老板因这位顾客态度恶劣、言语粗鲁而伤害了他们的自闭症员工，最终解雇了这位顾客，因此得到了各方赞誉。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“When the employee delivered the wrong food to a customer’s house, that customer reacted violently and unkindly.”（当这名员工把错误的食物送到顾客家里时，顾客的反应很粗暴，也很不友好。）可知，这位员工送错了食物，使得顾客没有得到他预订的食物，因此很生气。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Their stories broke my heart,” she said. ”（“他们的故事让我心碎，”她说。）和“Another comment on Facebook that she found “striking” is a woman who thanked them for hiring someone who is “differently-abled”.”（她在Facebook上发现的另一个“令人震惊”的评论是，一位女士感谢他们雇佣了一个“残疾”的人。）可知，网友们在她的Facebook上留下的帖子和评论让她非常感动。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Reached at home by reporters, Gialopsos says she is happy about the positive comments she and her husband are receiving. ”（Gialopsos在家中接受记者采访时说，她对自己和丈夫得到的积极评价感到高兴。）和最后一段Gialopsos在接受记者采访时所说的话及全文内容可知，本文最可能来自一篇新闻报道。故选B。
(12)
（湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中）Saying farewell to someone you love, even for a night, can be difficult, much less saying goodbye for a lifetime or forever in death. Juliet bid Romeo adieu (再见) for the evening with the words, “Parting is such sweet sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships.
Relationships are based on feelings, emotions, and passion. Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time. People spend time with the people they like. The more one person likes another person, the closer the relationship becomes. Each person in the relationship receives an emotional benefit from knowing the other person.
Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your emotional identity. Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.
The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close relationship. The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings. We seek the love and comfort of other people. Loneliness devastates the human condition and leads to sadness. Sad people will do anything they can to find fulfilling relationships. Likewise, happy people will do anything they can to maintain or enhance relationships. Herein lies the essential point of the emotional problem.
The more intense relationships become, the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt upon separation. The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing the overwhelming loss of a deep emotional connection.
Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. If it doesn’t hurt to say goodbye, perhaps it wasn’t worth saying hello.
1. Which of the word group can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”
A. Icy cold. B. Clicking sound. C. Deafening silence. D. Endless speech.
2. What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life.
B. The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow.
C. A person’s identity is connected with relationship.
D. Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye.
3. What gives a person emotional satisfaction in social life
A. Making more communication with others.
B. Building deep emotional connections with others.
C. Comforting friends with love and intense feelings.
D. Being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes.
4. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships.
B. The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.
C. Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment.
D. Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，通过莎翁戏剧著名台词“Parting is such sweet sorrow”引出对人际关系的讨论，阐述分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“ Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships.(甜蜜的悲伤是一种矛盾修辞法。但这种看似矛盾的现象在人际关系中却是真实存在的。)”可知，本句中sweet sorrow是一种矛盾的修辞方法。C选项中“deafening silence(震耳欲聋的沉默)”与题干中的“甜蜜的悲伤”一致，构成的是修辞的方式是矛盾的修饰方式。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.(与你有深厚情感联系的人分离，即使是暂时的缺席，都会带来悲伤，因为你将无法再享受他们的陪伴。)”可知，分离是告别时悲伤的部分。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time,(深厚的友谊和爱的关系是由情感依恋的水平来衡量的。情绪会随着时间的推移而加剧)”以及第四段中“The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings.(一起度过的时光在情感上是有益的，尤其是如果那个人被视为灵魂伴侣。人类是社会生物)” 可知，一起度过的时光在情感上是有益的即与他人建立深厚的情感联系能使人在社交生活中获得情感上的满足。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。 通读全文以及根据最后一段中“Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. (尽可能地享受和你在一起的人的陪伴；知道在一段关系结束时你会感受到的痛苦是衡量这段关系的真正标准。如果说再见无伤大雅，那也许不值得说你好)”可知，文章通过“告别”带给人看似矛盾的情感体验这一现象，通过对比等手段，深入解析了痛苦这种情感体验在人际关系疏密中的作用。B选项“The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.(分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度。)”概括文章主要内容。故选B。
(1)
（浙江省宁波市九校2021-2022学年高二下学期期中）Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believe it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.
Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected
Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (检索数据) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot. With these uncertainties, it is clear why robots should be protected, just as humans.
An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set.
Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老练的) they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights.
In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.
1. Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph
A. To remind readers of the importance of robots.
B. To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots.
C. To set readers thinking about an issue about robots.
D. To describe the relationship between humans and robots.
2. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A. Robots should be legally and morally protected. B. There is possible information risk.
C. Humans are doing harm to robots. D. Robots should be given more emotional attachment.
3. What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Negative. D. Uncaring.
4. What’s the structure of the passage
(①=Para. 1 ②=Para. 2 ③=Para. 3 ④=Para. 4 ⑤=Para. 5 ⑥=Para. 6)
A. ①—②③④⑤—⑥ B. ①②—③④⑤—⑥ C. ①—②③—④⑤⑥ D. ①—②③④—⑤⑥
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。随着机器人越来越类人化，我们很多时候不能再把机器人仅仅看作机器，因此文章论述了应该赋予机器人人权的理由。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Given this phenomenon, I believe it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.（鉴于这种现象，我认为有必要考虑给予机器人人类享有的某些权利）”结合下文陈述应该给与机器人人权的原因推知，上文提到星球大战中机器人救机器人以及现实生活中的机器人Sophia的例子是为了让读者思考一个关于机器人的问题。故选C。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容，尤其中心句“Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans.（机器人也应该得到法律和道德保护，因为伤害机器人可能与伤害人类相似）”可知，本段主要陈述机器人应该受到法律和道德的保护。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights.（然而，随着技术的进步，机器人完全拟人化只是时间问题， 我们必须考虑赋予他们权利）”和最后一段“In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.（总之，决定机器人是否应该享有人权并不是一件容易的事，但现在是开始对话的时候了，并认真考虑这种可能性）”推知，作者对给与机器人人权持支持态度。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出本文话题——考虑给机器人人权，第二到第五段陈述为什么要给机器人人权，最后一个自然段总结全文。因此文章的结构是①—②③④⑤—⑥。故选A。
(2)
（江苏省海安高级中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中）At its annual general assembly in Vienna last month, the European Geosciences Union (EGU) did something unusual. The chair of its awards committee, Thomas Blunier, presented a breakdown, by gender, of prize nominees (被提名者) and nominators (提名者) since 2014. The data were revealing. Although women make up 37% of the society’s members, they made just 20% of nominations suggesting that women are less likely to nominate than men. The data also showed that people tend to favour their own gender when making nominations-with men most likely to nominate other men.
This is clearly a problem, but awareness of the situation opens the door to fixing it. Although women are still under-represented in EGU nominations, their share of awards is now approaching their representation among EGU members, thanks to corrective measures taken by the organization s awards committee. The EGU is distinct from most other scientific societies that do not make nomination data public, though it is necessary for the fairness among prizewinners.
Some other efforts are under way to make prizes fairer. In mathematics, for example, the International Mathematical Union has introduced guidelines to make nominators and award-committee members aware of unconscious bias. Many prize nomination forms now include statements encouraging nominators to consider diversity. The committees that award Nobel prizes have told Nature that they are attempting to increase diversity in nominees and that the proportion of women nominated is rising.
Prize-givers need to widen their nomination pools. In 2019, Nature suggested that award organizers might cast their nets wider when seeking nominations by approaching networks that include academies of science in low and middle-income countries. This is still not happening on the scale that it needs to.
Sadly, these measures will not make science prizes match global diversity, at least not straight away. Many prizes are based on work carried out decades ago, when the barriers to entering science were even higher than they are today for people from under-represented groups and countries. At the very least, professional societies must ensure that their nomination pools are representatives of their communities. Greater transparency and a wider, more diverse pool of nominees increase the chance of awards rewarding excellence, rather than enlarging existing networks of fame.
1. What is the purpose of showing the data from the EGU
A. To show the gender balance among its members.
B. To encourage females to nominate other females.
C. To reflect that women have been ignored in awards.
D. To reveal the significant impact from gender awareness.
2. What efforts have been made to promote the fairness among the prizewinners
A. Publicizing the nomination data. B. Widening the application pools by nominees.
C. Introducing guidelines on increasing diversity. D. Casting the nets wider when seeking nominations.
3. What does the author hold in the last paragraph
A. Existing nomination pools are not transparent.
B. Professional societies must make a difference.
C. The barriers to entering science will not be higher.
D. Science has kept up with the global trend of diversity.
4. Which of the following might be the best title for this text
A. European Geosciences Union: An Nontraditional Model
B. Diversity in Science Prizes: Why is Progress So Slow
C. Progress in Science: Nomination Shows Justice for All
D. The Way to Gender Diversity: Difficult, Delicate but Destined
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。我们真的足够了解科学奖项的公平性和合理性吗 在科学奖项的遴选过程中，不公布提名细节，这使得女性和弱势群体在获奖中未得到充分代表。
1. 细节理解题。根据关键词 EGU定位到第一段中的“Although women make up 37% of the society’s members, they made just 20% of nominations suggesting that women are less likely to nominate than men. The data also showed that people tend to favour their own gender when making nominations-with men most likely to nominate other men.(尽管女性在协会成员中占37% ，但她们只获得了20% 的提名，这表明女性获得提名的可能性低于男性。数据还显示，人们在提名时往往偏爱自己的性别，而男性最有可能提名其他男性)”可知，女性比男性更不可能被提名，即女性在奖项中被忽略了。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The EGU is distinct from most other scientific societies that do not make nomination data public, though it is necessary for the fairness among prizewinners.(EGU 不同于其他大多数科学协会，这些科学协会都不公开提名数据。尽管它对于获奖者之间的公平是必要的)”可知，EGU会把获奖者的提名数据公开，这样做对于获奖者之间的公平是必要的。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At the very least, professional societies must ensure that their nomination pools are representatives of their communities. Greater transparency and a wider, more diverse pool of nominees increase the chance of awards rewarding excellence, rather than enlarging existing networks of fame.(至少，专业协会必须确保他们的提名名单代表它们的社区。更大的透明度和更广泛、更多样化的提名人群，增加了奖励优秀人才的机会，而不是扩大现有的名人网络)”可知，作者认为，在提名方面，专业协会要有所作为，即要保证提名名单代表它们的社区，要有更大的透明度和更广泛、更多样化的提名人群，增加了奖励优秀人才的机会。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段提到上个月在维也纳举行的年度大会上，欧洲地球科学联盟委员会主席托马斯 布卢尼耶（Thomas Blunier）公布了自2014年以来按性别分列的获奖者和提名者名单，名单显示女性在奖项提名中被忽略了。进而在下面的文章中提到为了使得奖项的设置更公平化，许多的团体已经做出了努力。遗憾的是，这些措施不会使科学奖项与全球多样性相匹配，至少不会马上匹配。因而文章的标题可以为科学奖的多样性：为什么进展如此缓慢？故选B。
(3)
（22-23高二下·江苏盐城·期中）Here are four organizations that rescue and train shelter dogs to be service animals.
Merlin’s Kids
Merlin’s Kids is an organization that rescues and trains shelter dogs to become service animals for children with special needs for emotional support. Dogs can expand kids ‘social comfort zone and dramatically improve their mental health. In the public’s eyes, these working dogs have proved that shelter animals are amazing.
Pets for Vets (老兵)
Animal trainer Clarissa Black created Pets for Vets in 2009 as a way to say “thank you” to our nation’s heroes专题02 阅读理解应用文&议论文&新闻报道
(1)
（22-23高二下·江苏无锡·期中）Deciduous forests (落叶林) are home to many wild animals. The development and expansion of human presence in the forests has caused many of their native species to become endangered.
Giant Panda
The giant panda, one of the most recognizable endangered species, is a large, docile species of bear native to the deciduous forest of eastern China Myanmar and Vietnam because of its limited diet--the panda’s main source of food is bamboo--the species is limited in its habitat to areas where bamboo is available. Now the species only can be found today in 20small patches of forest at the western edge of its historic range.
Gray and red wolves
The gray wolf, which once ranged from the East Coast of America to the west, and south to Mexico, now has a population of only 5,000 in the lower 48 states, mostly in the Rocky Mountains. The smaller red wolf, native to the southeastern United States, was declared extinct in the wild in 1980, though conservation efforts have reintroduced small captive populations to the wild in California.
Red-Crowned crane
The red -crowned crane is native to Japan, Korea and eastern China. Agricultural expansion and deforestation in these areas have removed a great deal of the marshes and forests that are the crane’s primary habitats. For a time, the crane was thought to have completely disappeared from Japan, but the recent discovery of cranes in Japanese marshlands has restarted conservation efforts. Today, around 2,500 cranes live in the wild, including 1,000 in Japan.
European Mink
Native to Europe, the European mink ranges from France in the west to Finland in the north, Russia in the cast and the Balkans in the south. Destruction of the mink habitat and use of the species for fur have caused dramatic drops in the species’ population, which has been reduced by 85 percent since the mid-19th century.
1. What has caused the wild animals to become endangered
A. Global warming. B. International trade.
C. Environmental pollution. D. The invasion of mankind.
2. Which is mentioned as the reason for the decline of European minks
A. The loss of their natural food. B. The hunting of human beings.
C. Drought and forest fire. D. Excessive deforestation.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To call for more efforts to protect forests. B. To study the living habits of wild animals.
C. To introduce some endangered species. D. To find ways to protect wild animals.
(2)
（江苏省响水中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中）The answer to traffic jams on the highways around airports could be electric air taxis. But this is not a futuristic dream. United Airlines is helping to make it a reality.
The carrier is ordering 200 electric air taxis, also called eVOTL planes, from Eve Air Mobility which designed vehicles for short distance-like going from city centers to airports-that can seat four passengers. The eVOTL planes take off and land like helicopters.
These vehicles that are due to be delivered in 2026 can fly from rooftop to rooftop. These types of vehicles are more environmental than using ground transportation. That’s because the air taxis use electric engines that have no carbon emissions (碳排放). This will reduce pollution and noise levels by 90 percent, according to United Airlines and Eve Air Mobility.
“Our agreement with Eve shows our confidence in the urban air mobility market and serves as another important step toward our goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2050,” said Michael Leskinen, president of United Airlines Ventures. “We’ll get there not with empty gestures, but by taking the harder path of actually reducing the emissions from flying.” If the company meets its goal of reducing its carbon footprint to net zero, it will be the first US airline to do so.
This isn’t United’s first try for environmental protection. The company started using bio-fuel (生物燃料) in flights from Los Angeles in 2016. It was the first airline in the US to promise to significantly use bio-fuel and this could cut emissions by 60 percent. From baby steps to flying ones, this airline is working on its commitment to the environment. Hopefully this is just one part of a global commitment to green the airline industry.
1. How does the author introduce the takeoff and landing of eVOTL planes
A. By providing a long list. B. By using experts’ words.
C. By making a comparison. D. By referring to a news report.
2. What can we learn about the eVOTL planes
A. They make no noise when flying. B. They each can hold eight passengers.
C. They are designed for long distances. D. They are friendly to the environment.
3. What can be inferred about United Airlines
A. It promises to use bio-fuel in 2050. B. It has a pioneering spirit.
C. It stopped carbon emissions in 2016. D. It shows no interest in electric air taxis.
4. What might be the best title for the text
A. The Promising Future of Air Travel Is Seen Now
B. More Companies Are Developing Green Technologies
C. Electric Air Taxis Will Make Getting to the Airport Easy
D. Electric Air Taxis Will Be Put Into Wide Use in the Future
(3)
（21-22高二下·江苏镇江·期中）
1.War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and still continues to fascinate its readers. The unnamed hero is one of the first witnesses of a strange-looking meteorite（陨石）in England. Not long after, it is apparent that the meteorite is Martian and an invasion is around the corner, What is it like for man, the dominated of earth, to be dominated by a race of aliens
2.The Dune Saga（沙丘）by Frank Herbert Published from 1965-1985, the Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction. Instead of sticking to a single character, these novels begin with Paul Atreides, first a son of a noble family and then the emperor of the known universe. The novels follow Paul’s descendants (后裔), ending by revealing the fate of his planet, Arrakis, and the fate of his generations.
3.The Space Trilogy by C. S. Lewis This series contains three books that were published from 1938-1945. Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus. On these planets, the local residents are not corrupted (腐败), but corruption from Earth threatens them. When Ransom returns to Earth in the final book, corruption even greater than when he left awaits him there.
4. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burs them. The main character, Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture obsesses (着迷) with the society of television but doesn’t realize the value--and the freedom--that comes with literature.
1. Where is Dr.Elwin Ransom originally from
A. Earth. B. Venus. C. Mars. D. Arrakis.
2. Which book explores the potential for technology to make humans less free
A. War of the Worlds. B. The Dune Saga. C. The Space Trilogy. D. Fahrenheit 451.
3. What do the four books have in common
A. They show an imaginary world. B. They each have two main characters.
C. They explore the nature of humanity. D. They were published in the 20th century.
(4)
（22-23高二下·江苏泰州·期中）Did you know that the custom of turning our clocks an hour ahead during the year first originated in World War I By making the days “longer”, the goal was for households to conserve electricity and other forms of energy like fuel. Recently, the US Senate passed the Sunshine Protection Act. The bill must also go through the House of Representatives before it can be signed by the President. If passed, Daylight SavingTime(DST) could become the permanent system of the time.
Although the specific dates of the time change differ, many countries around the world observe a biannual system of the time. From mid-March to November in the US, most states practice DST by turning the time forward by an hour from the Standard Time (ST), the local time observed in an area.
Though the original purpose of DST was to encourage the conservation of energy, multiple studies suggest that the time shift has not made a significant impact on saving energy costs. While less money is spent on electricity, costs are still likely to rise with the usage of devices such as air conditioners and computers. Research conducted by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine has shown that DST time changes lead to a greater risk of car crashes.
According to researchers, ST is much more closely related to the body’s circadian rhythm (昼夜节律) which regulates our organs as well as our sleep-wake cycle. By permanently living in DST, children would have to get up and be in school long before the sun rises—which could be 9 am in Seattle and other western states!
Proponents argue that because DST maximizes daylight, it encourages safety by lowering crime rates and reducing seasonal depression. DST provides more waking time to enjoy with families and friends, or even to get more work done.
The bill is certainly a hot topic of discussion, but one thing is for sure: everyone is in favor of getting rid of the biannual time switch.
1. What do we know about DST according to researchers
A. It can make schools start late. B. It helps improve people’s sleeping quality.
C. It increases the possibility of traffic accidents. D. It can reduce the usage of electronic devices.
2. What does the underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A. People who are in favor of DST. B. People who are efficient in working
C. People who have seasonal depression. D. People who enjoy the company of friends.
3. What is the author’s attitude towards the biannual time switch
A. Positive. B. Neutral. C. Unclear. D. Negative.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. The influence of ST B. The significance of ST
C. The debate about DST D. The histroy of DST
(5)
（22-23高二下·江苏泰州·期中）Take a spin on your ice skates at the world’s highest outdoor skating rink (溜冰场), surrounded by the breathtaking view of snow-covered trees and picturesque mountains. Whether you are looking for leisurely ice skating with family and friends or a friendly pickup hockey (冰球) game with the locals, this world-class rink is for you.
●Operating Dates &Times (Non-holiday Periods)
Sunday-Thursday 11:00 am - 6:45 pm
Friday & Saturday 10:00 am - 7:45 pm
Hours and dates of operation are subject to change based upon weather and conditions.
●Ice Skating Rentals (4:00 pm - 7:30 pm daily)
Skating Skate Rental Hockey Sticky Rental Helmet Rental Souvenir Puck
FREE $12 $6 $6 $5
A waiver (弃权说明) needs to be signed by all persons wanting to rent skates, sticks, or helmets. If you are 16 and under a parent or legal guardian, they need to sign a waiver for you before you can rent skates.
●Helpful Information
No pedestrians are permitted on the rink. All guests must have skates.
Slap shots and raising the puck aren’t permitted.
Helmets recommended.
Strollers and wheelchairs aren’t permitted on the rink.
All participants must follow the attendant’s instructions. Unsafe conduct will result in the removal of your ticket without a refund.
●How to Get There
From the Village Centre—take Lara’s Gondola to Happy Valley, and turn right in front of Happy Valley Day Lodge for entrance to the skating rink.
By vehicle—park in the Happy Valley Parking Lot and proceed to the skating rink.
●Facilities
Olympic-sized ice surface.
Hot snacks/drinks available for purchase in the Happy Valley Day Lodge.
Heated washroom facilities in the Happy Valley Day Lodge.
Fully lit for night skating.
Professionals to assist beginners.
1. How much does it cost to rent the equipment for a hockey game
A. $12. B. $18. C. $29. D. $24
2. What is a must for a guest to enter the rink
A. Signing a waiver. B. Wearing skates. C. Renting a helmet. D. Being 16 years old.
3. Which of the following highlights the rink
A. Its age range. B. Its highest altitude. C. Its excellent service. D. Its easy access.
(6)
（22-23高二下·山东青岛二中期中）Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.
Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking bout the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.
1. Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph 2
A. To compare intelligent machines to ants.
B. To show improved machines will get away from us.
C. To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals.
D. To explain future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy
2. What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Disable. B. Inspire. C. Disappoint. D. Outpace.
3. How is the passage mainly developed
A. By making comparisons. B. By giving assumptions.
C. By showing valid evidence. D. By analyzing statistics
4. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s viewpoint towards AI
A. Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future
B. Super intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.
C. We should keep the development of AI within humans’ control.
D. Human beings should stop the development of super intelligent AL.
(7)
（22-23高二下·浙江杭州·期中）Arts or Science Streaming is a step that one must take in adolescence. Certainly, the answer to this decision does not come easy to most people. The most important thing to do is to identify where your interests lie. You may also consider future jobs, through which you can find what you love. The little known but interesting jobs below are for your reference.
Little-known but interesting jobs in the science sector: Little-known but interesting jobs in the arts sector:
1. Perfumer A creative perfumer mixes several scented chemicals to make the perfect fragrance, using his or her knowledge of chemicals. It can take many trials and much consumer testing to get that perfect scent. 1. Museum Curator A museum curator safeguards collections of heritage. He or she is a content-specialist charged with an institution’s collections and involved with the interpretation of heritage material.
2. Orthotist It is a job that helps those who have lost some part of their limbs (四肢). An orthotist helps patients with partial or total absence of limbs by creating a custom-designed device. 2. Glass blower Glass blowers are creative people who design, produce and decorate glass. They are the ones who are behind the exquisitely-designed glass giftware, tableware and mirrors.
3. Sonographer Sonographers perform procedures such as sonograms and ultrasounds. Essentially, they enable us to see what is inside the body without performing surgeries. 3. Jewelry Designer A jewelry designer designs and makes jewelry using a variety of materials, including gold, silver and stones. The jewelry they make may not be wearable, but used as decorative artefacts instead.
1. Which of the following can be an ideal candidate for a job as a perfumer
A. A medical student. B. A chemistry student. C. A history student. D. A law student.
2. Which job can serve as an aid to a medical diagnosis
A. Perfumer. B. Orthotist. C. Glass blower. D. Sonographer.
3. Who is the passage intended for
A. Job-hunters. B. University graduates. C. High school students. D. Employers.
(8)
（22-23高二下·浙江绍兴·期中）Pioneers of the research that led to one of the first COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗) say breakthroughs obtained in their studies could point the way toward developing a potential vaccine against cancer before the end of the decade.
Ugur Sahin and Ozlem Tureci, co-founders of BioNTech said technology they had developed could aid the immune (免疫) system respond to cancer cells. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccine stimulates cells to generate spike proteins, which warn the body’s immune system about things to look out for and to attack.
It is hoped that this could be reworked using proteins found in cancer tumor (肿瘤) cells, causing a similar bodily defensive action.
BioNTech was founded in 2008 specifically to work on cancer treatments. “Our focus has always been on achieving the full potential of the body’s immune system to successfully help handle cancer and infectious diseases,” says the company website.
Some of those earlier cancer vaccine developments have reached the clinical trial stage. “As scientists we are always hesitant to say we will have a cure for cancer,” said Tureci. “We have gained a mass of breakthroughs and we will continue to work on them. . . this will definitely quicken also our cancer vaccine.”
Luke O’Neill, professor of biochemistry at Trinity College Dublin, said that such a breakthrough would be “the Holy Grail” of cancer research, He added that it enabled the body to recognize a cancer tumor as a foreign element, in the same way it had done with COVID-19, and to respond accordingly, so that the immune system could be “trained” to “hunt down” the abnormal presence.
What made the potential breakthrough even more inspiring, he said, was that any treatment could be personalized to work on an individual cancer patient’s specific circumstances. “You can take someone who’s got cancer, take their own tumor and make an RNA vaccine out of that and improve their own immune system specifically against their own tumor. That’s a really awesome thing to see,” he added.
1. What has been BioNTech’s mission since its establishment
A. To develop the COVID-19 vaccine. B. To understand the immune system.
C. To explore treatments for cancer. D. To detect the tumour cells.
2. Which of the following options can best describe Ozlem Tureci
A. Cautious and committed. B. Gifted and ambitious.
C. Passionate and critical. D. Brave and competitive.
3. What can be learnt about Luke O’Neill
A. He developed an effective COVID-19 vaccine.
B. He held a positive attitude to BioNTech’s study.
C. He contributed significantly to BioNTech’s research.
D. He trained the immune system to hunt the abnormal presence.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. BioNTech suceeds in developing cancer vaccines.
B. COVID-19 research brings hope for cancer treatment.
C. COVID-19 vaccines help bodies respond to cancer cells.
D. BioNTech makes breakthroughs in COVID-19 vaccines.
(9)
（广东省深圳市龙华中学2022-2023学年高二下学期5月期中）“I’ll be there in a few minutes. I’m playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzzball,” my 15-year-old son shouted from his room. “Oh, what is Scuzzball’s real name ” I asked. “I have no idea.” He said. “Where is he from ” I continued. He responded, “I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn’t even matter because Scuzzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot.”
“Your friend is replaced by artificial intelligence ” “It doesn’t matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues.” My son doesn’t mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children.
Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile. Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other.
Presence in friendship requires “being with” and “doing for”. Perhaps the most defining feature of deep friendship is “doing for”, as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I’m sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online “friends” would bother to do the hard work of friendship. When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they’d just order soup online themselves.
Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text
A. By quoting famous mottoes. B. By introducing an online game.
C. By showing robots’ irreplaceable role. D. By presenting a parent-child conversation.
2. What does the author mainly explain in Paragraph 3
A. Impact of selfish friendship. B. The meaning of deep friendship.
C. Selfless sacrifices in friendship. D. The formation of shallow friendship.
3. What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A. Ordering food online for friends is an example of “being with”.
B. The students thought highly of the teacher’s question.
C. Virtual friends won’t make real sacrifices.
D. Robots will have our back in trouble.
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Benefits of Digital Life B. Digitalized Friendship
C. Face-to-face Communication D. The Sacrifices of Online Friends
(10)
（21-22高二下·湖北·期中）Are you seeking wildlife volunteer opportunities to support animal conservation efforts If you are, Animal Care and Wildlife Conservation volunteer abroad projects of International Volunteer HO (IVHQ) are good choices for you. You’ll have the unique chance to support the protection of natural habitats, learn about wildlife conservation techniques and study and monitor animal behavior.
IVHO has over 13-year experience working with responsible and trusted wildlife conservation organizations, animal sanctuaries (保护区) and animal shelters around the world. This means you can volunteer abroad with confidence, knowing that your volunteer work with animals and other like-minded travelers will be rewarding and life-changing.
●Our wildlife volunteer opportunities, such as wild elephant conservation in Sri Lanka or wolf conservation in Portugal, are popular options for animal volunteering. Also, you can join one of our animal volunteer work projects in South America or Central America. Here you'll be volunteering in animal shelters and dog rescue centers, providing support in feeding, caring for, and playing with domestic animals.
●If you’re looking for marine (海洋的) and sea turtle conservation or diving volunteer opportunities, IVHO offers marine conservation volunteer opportunities across a wide range of destinations including Belize. Costa Rica. Spain and more!
●You don’t need to have experience in conservation or animal rescue to make a difference to IVHO’s animal volunteer programs. With IVHO, you can volunteer abroad with animals for one week or 24 weeks at any time of the year.
How to get started；
▲Pick a destination and a project and apply for free.
▲Meet your personal volunteer travel expert.
▲Pay the registration fee to secure your place and upgrade your MyIVHO account.
▲Get ready to volunteer abroad and we’ll support you every step of the way!
Contact:
info@volunteerhq.org
+64-6-758-7949 /International
1. What do we know about IVHQ
A. It was founded over two decades ago.
B. It aims to build a wildlife conservation organization.
C. It can provide high-quality volunteer projects.
D. It has more volunteer projects at home than it does abroad.
2. Which is a suitable destination for participants wanting to help little pet animals
A. Portugal. B. South America. C. Sri Lanka. D. North America.
3. What is a requirement for the program
A. Paying a fee for registration. B. Having some related experience.
C. Working for at least 24 weeks. D. Applying for a project one week in advance.
(11)
（22-23高二下·湖南长沙·期中）Which’s more important: Your employee or your customer A popular business expression is, “The customer is always right.” But you should never say “always”.
The owners of a restaurant in Alaska won international praise after protecting their autistic (自闭的) employee.
When the employee delivered the wrong food to a customer’s house, that customer reacted violently and unkindly. Even after the employee corrected the mistake, the customer continued to shout. And that same customer was even rude to the restaurant owners’ daughter. So the owners “fired” the customer.
Restaurant owners P.J. and Spiro Gialopsos have added the customer to the restaurant’s “Do Not Deliver” list. That customer is now persona non grata, Latin for “an unwelcome person”.
P.J. Gialopsos wrote on the restaurant’s Facebook page, “You would think the majority of the population would have learned or at least heard about autism.”
Gialopsos said, “The employee has worked at the Little Italy Restaurant in Anchorage, Alaska, for two years. He was very upset about the angry customer.”
Gialopsos describes the employee as a seriously gifted university student who is curious about the world. She adds that the employee also has “an amazing personality, great sense of humor and a strong work ethic.”
“This employee is also one who will not have to deal with that rude customer anymore,” added Gialopsos.
Reached at home by reporters, Gialopsos says she is happy about the positive comments she and her husband are receiving. By Tuesday afternoon, her Facebook posting about the incident received more than 30,000 “Likes” and hundreds of positive ments and e-mails came from Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Namibia and the United Arab Emirates.
Gialopsos said she spent a couple of emotional days crying over the posts on the Facebook page. She adds that many parents from around the country who have children with autism wrote to her about the incident. “Their stories broke my heart,” she said. Another comment on Facebook that she found “striking” is a woman who thanked them for hiring someone who is “differently-abled”.
1. Why did the owners of the restaurant receive praise
A. They would always put their customers first.
B. They had a “Do Not Deliver” list in their restaurant.
C. They fired a customer for hurting their autistic worker.
D. They promised to deliver food to their customers’ house.
2. What made the customer angry
A. The employee acted unkindly. B. He didn’t get the food he ordered.
C. The owners’ daughter was very impolite. D. He was considered as an unwelcome person.
3. Why did Gialopsos cry when she read the posts on Facebook
A. Because she was moved by others’ comments.
B. Because children with autism were thankful to her.
C. Because nobody understood what she had done.
D. Because stories on the Facebook page hurt her feelings.
4. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A restaurant guide. B. A news report. C. A research paper. D. A personal diary.
(12)
（湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中）Saying farewell to someone you love, even for a night, can be difficult, much less saying goodbye for a lifetime or forever in death. Juliet bid Romeo adieu (再见) for the evening with the words, “Parting is such sweet sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships.
Relationships are based on feelings, emotions, and passion. Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time. People spend time with the people they like. The more one person likes another person, the closer the relationship becomes. Each person in the relationship receives an emotional benefit from knowing the other person.
Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your emotional identity. Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.
The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close relationship. The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings. We seek the love and comfort of other people. Loneliness devastates the human condition and leads to sadness. Sad people will do anything they can to find fulfilling relationships. Likewise, happy people will do anything they can to maintain or enhance relationships. Herein lies the essential point of the emotional problem.
The more intense relationships become, the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt upon separation. The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing the overwhelming loss of a deep emotional connection.
Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. If it doesn’t hurt to say goodbye, perhaps it wasn’t worth saying hello.
1. Which of the word group can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”
A. Icy cold. B. Clicking sound. C. Deafening silence. D. Endless speech.
2. What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life.
B. The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow.
C. A person’s identity is connected with relationship.
D. Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye.
3. What gives a person emotional satisfaction in social life
A. Making more communication with others.
B. Building deep emotional connections with others.
C. Comforting friends with love and intense feelings.
D. Being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes.
4. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships.
B. The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.
C. Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment.
D. Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it.
(1)
（浙江省宁波市九校2021-2022学年高二下学期期中）Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believe it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.
Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected
Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (检索数据) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot. With these uncertainties, it is clear why robots should be protected, just as humans.
An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set.
Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老练的) they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights.
In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.
1. Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph
A. To remind readers of the importance of robots.
B. To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots.
C. To set readers thinking about an issue about robots.
D. To describe the relationship between humans and robots.
2. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A. Robots should be legally and morally protected. B. There is possible information risk.
C. Humans are doing harm to robots. D. Robots should be given more emotional attachment.
3. What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Negative. D. Uncaring.
4. What’s the structure of the passage
(①=Para. 1 ②=Para. 2 ③=Para. 3 ④=Para. 4 ⑤=Para. 5 ⑥=Para. 6)
A. ①—②③④⑤—⑥ B. ①②—③④⑤—⑥ C. ①—②③—④⑤⑥ D. ①—②③④—⑤⑥
(2)
（江苏省海安高级中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中）At its annual general assembly in Vienna last month, the European Geosciences Union (EGU) did something unusual. The chair of its awards committee, Thomas Blunier, presented a breakdown, by gender, of prize nominees (被提名者) and nominators (提名者) since 2014. The data were revealing. Although women make up 37% of the society’s members, they made just 20% of nominations suggesting that women are less likely to nominate than men. The data also showed that people tend to favour their own gender when making nominations-with men most likely to nominate other men.
This is clearly a problem, but awareness of the situation opens the door to fixing it. Although women are still under-represented in EGU nominations, their share of awards is now approaching their representation among EGU members, thanks to corrective measures taken by the organization s awards committee. The EGU is distinct from most other scientific societies that do not make nomination data public, though it is necessary for the fairness among prizewinners.
Some other efforts are under way to make prizes fairer. In mathematics, for example, the International Mathematical Union has introduced guidelines to make nominators and award-committee members aware of unconscious bias. Many prize nomination forms now include statements encouraging nominators to consider diversity. The committees that award Nobel prizes have told Nature that they are attempting to increase diversity in nominees and that the proportion of women nominated is rising.
Prize-givers need to widen their nomination pools. In 2019, Nature suggested that award organizers might cast their nets wider when seeking nominations by approaching networks that include academies of science in low and middle-income countries. This is still not happening on the scale that it needs to.
Sadly, these measures will not make science prizes match global diversity, at least not straight away. Many prizes are based on work carried out decades ago, when the barriers to entering science were even higher than they are today for people from under-represented groups and countries. At the very least, professional societies must ensure that their nomination pools are representatives of their communities. Greater transparency and a wider, more diverse pool of nominees increase the chance of awards rewarding excellence, rather than enlarging existing networks of fame.
1. What is the purpose of showing the data from the EGU
A. To show the gender balance among its members.
B. To encourage females to nominate other females.
C. To reflect that women have been ignored in awards.
D. To reveal the significant impact from gender awareness.
2. What efforts have been made to promote the fairness among the prizewinners
A. Publicizing the nomination data. B. Widening the application pools by nominees.
C. Introducing guidelines on increasing diversity. D. Casting the nets wider when seeking nominations.
3. What does the author hold in the last paragraph
A. Existing nomination pools are not transparent.
B. Professional societies must make a difference.
C. The barriers to entering science will not be higher.
D. Science has kept up with the global trend of diversity.
4. Which of the following might be the best title for this text
A. European Geosciences Union: An Nontraditional Model
B. Diversity in Science Prizes: Why is Progress So Slow
C. Progress in Science: Nomination Shows Justice for All
D. The Way to Gender Diversity: Difficult, Delicate but Destined
(3)
（22-23高二下·江苏盐城·期中）Here are four organizations that rescue and train shelter dogs to be service animals.
Merlin’s Kids
Merlin’s Kids is an organization that rescues and trains shelter dogs to become service animals for children with special needs for emotional support. Dogs can expand kids ‘social comfort zone and dramatically improve their mental health. In the public’s eyes, these working dogs have proved that shelter animals are amazing.
Pets for Vets (老兵)
Animal trainer Clarissa Black created Pets for Vets in 2009 as a way to say “thank you” to our nation’s heroes. This organization recognizes that many vets return home with scars (伤疤), which make it difficult for them to live a normal life. Pets for Vets was founded to rescue and train shelter animals to provide therapy dogs for vets. The organization says that when the vet is matched with the right dog, both of their lives change for the better.
Paws With a Cause
This organization has been around since 1979 and it improves the independence and quality of life for people with disabilities. Paws With a Cause specializes in helping people with disabilities complete daily tasks and the dogs can open doors and pull a wheelchair. The organization’s founders Mike and Candye are very pleased with its development.
Can Do Canines
A dog from a local shelter helped start Can Do Canines in 1989. Named Annie, she assisted her owner for eight years. Annie was the first of over 500 rescued dogs specially trained as service dogs to assist people with hearing problems, diabetes (糖尿病) and autism. But if a dog in the organization is not suited due to behavior or illness, the dog is never trained again and placed into a forever home with a family.
1. Merlin’s Kids helps the children with ________.
A. hearing problems B. scars C. diabetes D. emotional problems
2. When was Paws With a Cause set up
A. In 1960. B. In 1979. C. In 1989. D. In 2009.
3. Who gave Can Do Canines a good start
A. Annie. B. Merlin. C. Clarissa Black. D. Mike and Candye.
(4)
（广东省深圳市龙华中学2022-2023学年高二下学期5月期中）One morning, my four-year-old daughter and I were getting ready to leave the house when she suddenly yelled “Idiot!” right at me. As I processed the word, I noticed she was upset. Tears streamed down her face as she half whispered and half yelled “you are an IDIOT Mama.” Total silence followed as we looked at each other. We were staring at each other for so long, and I nearly forgot to breathe out, and in again. Idiot. How could my daughter call me an idiot
There are many behaviors that really push parents’ buttons. Disrespectful, rude words tend to top the list. The wrong response to such rude remarks is often a serious warning. But I didn’t offer any serious remarks.
I realized that my daughter’s intention wasn’t to disrespect me. She was expressing the disconnection. And punishment doesn’t solve disconnection. It creates more of it. Her choice of word said it all. She was annoyed. She sensed the stress. I needed to hear her. I was being careless. I was the one being rude to her.
So, why punish our children when they need guidance We must know the words we use matter, and become our children’s words too. The words include those we use to handle emotional overload. Idiot is a word I regretfully must admit to using when I’m extremely annoyed. Not at my children, but yes, they have heard me say it. So, instead of punishing my daughter for misbehavior, I chose to focus on her real message: Idiot means that “Mom, you are stressing me out!”.
No blame. No punishment for honest feelings. No criticizing her choice of words. Just focus on our relationship. I admitted my ignoring her, and we hugged and kissed each other. I walked into her play school with interest and was ready to see all her current projects.
Don’t be afraid to focus on your relationship, to show kindness, and to model forgiveness. Don’t be afraid to look beyond misbehavior, find the true message and trust the power of connection.
1. After hearing her daughter’s words, the author ________.
A. lost her temper B. gave her a warning C. couldn’t believe it D. had a talk with her
2. What does the underlined phrase push parents’ buttons in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Cheer parents up. B. Make parents annoyed.
C. Follow parents’ advice. D. Distract parents’ attention.
3. From the text we can conclude that the mother is ________.
A. calm and considerate B. brave and tolerant
C. sensitive but overprotective D. intelligent but bad-tempered
4. What’s the purpose of this text
A. To settle conflicts between parents and children.
B. To explain why children disrespect their parents.
C. To encourage readers to express their true feelings.
D. To suggest a positive response to children’s misbehavior.
(5)
（21-22高二下·广东珠海·期中）AI makes our lives easier and better. Let’s see the amazing AI.
Cool driverless bus
A bus door opens and you get on. Wait! Where is the driver Here is a new kind of driverless bus called Apolong. It has 14 seats and doesn’t need a driver. The bus follows traffic rules. It stops as soon as it sees a stop light.
Your close friend
Hi, everyone. I’m Xiaobing, a chatbot (聊天机器人). I speak like a 17-year-old girl. If you feel lonely, you can talk with me. I’m talented at singing, writing poems and telling stories. I want to be your friend!
World’s first anchor(主播)
Hey, look! The famous Chinese anchor Qiu Hao is reporting the news for us. But is “he” really Qiu Hao The answer is “no”. This is the world’s first AI anchor. It looks and speaks just like a real person. It can work 24 hours and doesn’t make any mistakes. You might see it on TV soon.
Popular AI artist
This beautiful painting was at an auction(拍卖) in 2020. The painting is worth about 3,000,000 yuan! But it is not a work by a famous painter, such as Vincent van Gogh. It was painted by an AI artist. Three Frenchmen created the AI artist. It studied over 15,000 paintings. In this way, it learned to paint.
1. What do we know about Apolong
A. The bus door can’t open itself. B. It stops as soon as it sees a stop light.
C. There are 24 seats in it. D. It doesn’t follow the traffic rules.
2. What can Xiaobing NOT do
A. Sing. B. Talk with you if you feel lonely.
C. Be your friend . D. Go out to play with you.
3. What can you learn from the passage
A. AI makes our lives harder and worse.
B. Xiaobing is a 17-year-old girl.
C. The painting is worth about 3,000,000 yuan at an auction.
D. This new kind of driverless bus also needs a driver to control it.
(6)
（广东省广东实验中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中）“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea.
One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10,000 hours, they will reach “perfection”, or become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He mentioned the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful.
Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10,000 hours was an average figure. Some people needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole.
A more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive, too. But becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success, which also relies on social and environmental factors.
In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson’s research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; and get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key－enjoy what you do and follow your passions.
1. How did Gladwell support his idea
A. By listing numbers. B. By using examples.
C. By interviewing famous people. D. By mentioning other researchers.
2. Which of the following may Ericsson disagree with
A. Practice alone is far from enough. B. 10,000 hours of practice leads to success.
C. Practice hours vary from person to person. D. Deliberate practice is much more effective.
3. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. The role of practice. B. Factors in creating experts.
C. The importance of natural talent. D. Warnings for experts.
4. What is the author’s attitude to the idea “Practice makes perfect”
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Objective.
(7)
（浙江省杭州市第四中学下沙校区2022-2023学年下学期高二英语期中）
People with fixed mindsets believe that:●Skill, intelligence and talents are natural. ●Failure is shameful and should be avoided. ●Some people are naturally good at things while others not. ●You are not in control of your abilities. People with growth mindsets believe that:●You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills. ●Failure is a valuable lesson. ●People who are good at something are good because they build that ability. ●You are in control of your abilities.
have a desire to look smart, so tend to:—Avoid challenges. —Give up easily. —See effort as fruitless or worse. —Ignore useful negative feedback. —Feel threatened by the success of others. have a desire to learn, so tend to:—Embrace challenges. —Persist in the face of setbacks. —See effort as the path to mastery. —Learn from criticism. —Find lessons and inspiration in the success of others.
As a result, they may stay at the same level early and achieve less than their full potential. As a result, they reach ever-higher levels of achievement.
Change can be tough, but I’ve never heard anyone say it wasn’t worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems No. But I know that I have a different life because of it—a richer one.
1. The book “mindset” is intended to ________.
A. tell readers that two different mindsets lead to different results
B. illustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefs
C. help readers believe people act differently when facing challenges
D. persuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life
2. Generally speaking, people with fixed mindsets are mostly ________.
A. successful B. straightforward C. intelligent D. narrow-minded
3. A person with a growth mindset is likely to say ________.
A. “If I win, I’ll be somebody; if I lose, I’ll be nobody.”
B. “To be good at sports, you need to be naturally gifted.”
C. “Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.”
D. “You have a certain level of ability in sports and you cannot really do much to change it.”
(8)
（22-23高二下·广东深圳·期中）When you hear the word “artificial intelligence”, the first thing that comes to mind is robotics, but what truly is artificial intelligence and what does the future hold for it Artificial intelligence is any device or machine that mimics cognitive (认知的) functions humans associate with the human mind, such as learning and problem solving. Examples of artificial intelligence in our day to day lives include: Siri, Google, advertising and so much more. Every industry is incorporating (吸收/包含) artificial intelligence into its back bone.
Currently, the effects of artificial intelligence seem all positive. Artificial intelligence will lead to more new and important discoveries in the future, through its predictive modelling. In 2017, NASA reported the discovery of an eight-planet solar system with the help of AI. It can also predict the emergence of any new virus, disease or epidemic and discover a corresponding drug to treat it by accessing and analyzing multiple sets of data. This in turn will help the healthcare industry develop Al programs that will improve longevity and predict the time of the first sign of diseases, improve drug research processes and assist doctors in diagnosis.
However, there are still a lot of public concerns. An article titled “The Future of Work” gives a practical view on the influence of artificial intelligence and automation in our job industry. It predicts that by 2030, job losses will reach a rate of twenty nine percent, with an even lesser job creation percentage of thirteen percent. In 2014, a chat bot known as Eugene Goostman passed the Turing test, making judges think it was a human and leading to a lot of raised concerns. Does this mean that with future research, robots can insert themselves smoothly into our environment It gives people a lot of food for thought.
The future of artificial intelligence is both fascinating and alarming. Privacy laws and security guidelines should be reviewed to protect everyone from vulnerability(脆弱性). Still if researches continue to be done with exposure and responsibility, the balance would not tip in favor of the negative.
1. According to the passage, AI can be used ________.
A. to reduce job creation
B. to insert themselves smoothly into our lives
C. to make scientific breakthrough
D. to prevent the emergence of new virus, disease or epidemic
2. By mentioning the medical use in paragraph 2, the author wanted ________.
A. to introduce a new way to cure any disease
B. to explain the value of artificial intelligence
C. to show the effectiveness of artificial intelligence treatment
D. to discuss the possibility of artificial intelligence replacing doctors
3. What can we infer from the last sentence in paragraph 4
A. Currently, there are more negative effects caused by AI.
B. More researches are needed in order to further develop AI.
C. It’s very difficult to balance the exposure and responsibility in researches.
D. It’s possible to reduce the negative effects of AI in the future.
4. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Artificial Intelligence will change the future.
B. The future needs regulation of Artificial Intelligence.
C. Artificial Intelligence has made scientific breakthroughs.
D. Artificial Intelligence does more harm than good to humans.
(9)
（21-22高二下·湖北·期中）Some people believe that a career change at 50 is almost impossible because no one wants to invest in someone with such limited working life left. However, fortunately I’ve achieved a career change unexpectedly. The key is that you should try your best to grasp the opportunity.
What is the secret to achieving my later-life career change It is the right attitude that works. For 15years, I had the same job under various managers. I enjoyed the work itself, but grew tired of the constant monitoring and management of the company. The inflexibility of the work affected my work-life balance and my opportunity to be promoted seemed out of reach. With my 52nd birthday around the corner, I came to realize that I would have to make a career change, or I would never escape the harmful work.
Two months later, my wife spotted an occupation advertised online and encouraged me to have a try. So, I applied. Lacking experience in that particular role, I was pessimistic. However, I was surprised to be offered an online interview. Luckily the interview went well overall, and they told me I’d hear from them next week if I passed the interview. So when three weeks passed with no word, you can imagine how frustrated I felt. I carried on looking for other chances, but my search was interrupted one afternoon when the company’s HR team phoned and invited me to come in for a second interview! I was shocked, and at this point I began to feel anxious. Then my wife suggested that I should try to show my true self in the interview as I had nothing to lose. I got her point and tried to calm myself. I answered their questions as best I could, and eventually the boss offered me the job!
It’s proved that companies do invest in people over 50. I’ve realized midlife career changes are more common than I first thought. I hope that anyone attempting a midlife career change can take the plunge! With the right attitude, you can achieve almost anything and get what you want if you have a try.
1. Why did the author want to leave his original company
A. Because of the low salary.
B. Because of the boredom of doing the same work.
C. Because of its lack of challenging assignments.
D. Because of its frequent monitoring and annoying management.
2. What was the author’s wife’s attitude towards his career change
A. Opposed. B. Supportive. C. Concerned. D. Indifferent.
3. What does the underlined phrase “take the plunge” in the last paragraph mean ________.
A. Try something bravely. B. Give a helping hand.
C. Think twice. D. Take the lead in doing something.
4. What does the author try to tell us through the text
A. It’s necessary to plan your career. B. One should never be limited by his or her age.
C. It’s important to have a work-life balance. D. One should learn to accept unexpected changes in life.
(10)
（陕西省西安市第四中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期中）
The Cool 2022 Travel Destinations
National Geographic’s new list of the most amazing places to visit in 2022, “Best of World 2022” is an inviting mixture of global destinations that will inspire your appetite for travel in the New Year.
Nature
Our global editors picked the planet's 25 most exciting destinations for 2022! There is really something to appeal to everyone.
The best places to enjoy nature include Northern Minnesota, which offers skies filled with thousands of shining stars as it has little or no light pollution.
Adventure
One of the inspiring adventure ideas is an invitation to cycle a new bike trail. The route of the Paris to the sea La Seine à Vélo trail passes the house and famous water lilies (水仙) of Impressionist painter Claude Monet in Giverny.
Culture and History
This brand new 2022 list also celebrates several destinations recommended by UNESCO in honor of how UNESCO has been helping protect cultural and national treasures for 50 years.
This selection of cultural centers takes in Procida, an island city located 40 minutes southwest of Naples by boat. This city, famous for its colorful buildings, plans to use its year to bring people a sense of community. Its year-long festival aims to encourage responsible travel throughout the year, and to avoid a crowd of visitors during the summer as happened in the past.
Family
The best places for families include astonishing settings in the US and further away. One of these is Granada in Spain.
At this palace, kids of all ages and their parents can appreciate the unique patterns and designs that promise “A colorful classroom for age-appropriate exploration of math concepts such as shapes, proportion (比例), and measurement”.
1. Why does National Geographic offer the “Best of World 2022”
A. To attract people to enjoy delicious food. B. To invite people to find amazing places.
C. To explore the most exciting destinations. D. To increase people’s interest in traveling.
2. What is the disadvantage of visiting the cultural centers in the past
A. It’s inconveniently located. B. There were too many people.
C. Travelers were not responsible. D. Its colorful buildings faded away.
3. What kind of destination best suits children who are interested in maths
A. Nature. B. Adventure. C. Culture and History. D. Family.
(11)
（四川省遂宁市2021-2022学年高二下学期期中）While some feel that bookstores are fading away, one Chinese bookstore has found new life by marching into rural areas in China to bring colorful cultural life and higher incomes lo local residents.
By absorbing local rural characteristics, the village branches of the Librairie Avantgarde Bookstore (LAB) chain have transformed into important platforms to display local history, culture and folk traditions. Not just bookstores, they are foundations helping to relieve spiritual poverty and centers for gathering and displaying rural culture.
To better fit in the lives of local residents, earth village branch has its own characteristics, like the branch in Shaxi, southwest China’s Yunnan province. Many of nearly 20,000 books in the store are associated with the history, geography and folk customs of Yunnan and the Bai people.
“Turning in profits is not our only aim. Our bookstore has become a public gathering space for villagers. Not only young people, but many elderly residents come here. They do not buy books, but pass the time by reading or chatting with each other in our store.” Liu Xia, the bookstore owner explained.
She added that this is a cultural atmosphere that bookstores offer the area. Some residents have grown accustomed to turning to the books of the store to find answers to the troubles they face, such as operating a business or controlling tourists from urban areas. The biggest benefit of opening bookstores in villages is that it helps provide a healthy environment for children’s growth. “My kids often come to the store. They love reading books here. They gain knowledge and curiosity about outside world.” one villager said.
The arrival of the bookstore menus a lot to the village when young residents have been leaving for urban areas in recent years. During the 2020 May Day and National Day holidays, the daily number of tourists traveling to the village reached 5,000, a record high. Visitors were attracted by the bookstore. Surrounding it, several restaurants and holds have opened.
1. Which of the following best describes village branches of the LAB
A. They are disappearing gradually. B. They feature local rural cultures.
C. They could make much higher profits. D. They have set up poverty-relief foundations.
2. What do we know about the branch in Shaxi
A. It specializes in history-related books. B. It creates a public gathering space for business.
C. It shares the same features with oilier branches. D. It helps villagers know more about the Bai people.
3. What’s the greatest influence of village bookshops on the local areas
A. Attracting more people lo pay a visit. B. Offering kids a healthy atmosphere.
C. Helping residents lo acquire knowledge. D. Encouraging the young to go to big cities.
4. Which of the following can be the best title of the text
A. LAB: A Bookstore on the Rise B. Local Culture Welcomed by Tourists
C. Village Bookshops Promote Rural Life D. Great Ambitions of Village Bookstores
(12)
（广东省汕头市金山中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期中）Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs. author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
Me I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.
1. Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph
A. To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B. To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C. To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D. To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
2. Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with
A. The fight against climate change will not succeed.
B. Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C. It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D. Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
3. What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate
A. Favorable. B. Tolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. But should we fix the climate B. Is climate change a real problem
C. How can we take care of the earth D. What if all the glaciers disappeared
