专题01 阅读理解记叙文&说明文
(1)
（2023下·江苏徐州·高一统考期中）Reading with a child is a hugely important developmental activity as it helps youngsters learn new words, broadens their knowledge and provides time to bond with loved ones. So scientists wanted to see if parents and children acted differently when they read books together using traditional media compared with electronic device (电子设备).
To find out, the researchers carried out a study on 37 pairs of parents and healthy children between two and three years old. They asked them to read from three different types of media: electronic books with sound effects or animation; a basic electronic book; and a print book.
Researchers found parents and children spoke more when interacting with a paper book rather than a story on an electronic tablet (平板电脑). What’s more, parents used richer language when using print books compared with tablets. But parents were less responsive and children were less engaged with their parents when reading e-books, Munzer said. Dr Tiffany Munzer, coauthor of the study, told Newsweek: “One of the must surprising aspects is that these findings held true even when parents and children read tablet books with few distracting factors, suggesting it might be the actual tablet device that’s contributing to less conversation between parents and children.”
So should parents give up tablets when reading with their children, or is some reading better than none, regardless of the device
“That isn’t to say there is no benefit to electronic book reading compared with doing nothing, just less compared with print books. Print books are just better for improving rich language from parents and more conversation between parents and children.” Munzer said that parents always know their children best. “So they should feel free to adjust the reading experience to what they know their children are interested in, even comics and magazines count as reading.”
1. Why did the scientists carry out the research among parents and children
A. To find out what effects parents have on children.
B. To compare traditional media with electronic device.
C. To find out if they behave differently with various media.
D. To learn if reading with children can be helpful to their growth.
2. Which can best explain the underlined words “distracting factors” in paragraph 3
A. Tools that attract kids. B. Contents that fit kids.
C. People who help reading. D. Things that affect reading
3. What does Munzer think of kids’ electronic book reading
A. Kids can do it at times. B. There is no benefit at all.
C. It will replace the print book reading. D. It should be with more conversations.
4. What should parents do to keep their children’s interest in reading
A. Sign up for reading clubs. B. Buy a wide variety of e-books.
C. Make reading experience interesting. D. Talk less with their children when reading.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家对父母和孩子在使用传统媒体和电子设备一起读书时，是否有不同的表现的研究。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“So scientists wanted to see if parents and children acted differently when they read books together using traditional media compared with electronic device (电子设备).(因此，科学家们想看看父母和孩子在使用传统媒体和电子设备一起读书时，他们的行为是否有所不同)”可知，科学家在父母和孩子中进行这项研究是为了了解他们在不同媒体上的表现是否不同。故选C。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“One of the must surprising aspects is that these findings held true even when parents and children read tablet books with few”以及后文“suggesting it might be the actual tablet device that’s contributing to less conversation between parents and children(这表明可能是实际的平板设备减少了父母和孩子之间的对话)”可知，event though表示转折，表明即使父母和孩子阅读的平板电脑书籍几乎没有干扰因素，这些发现仍然适用，因此划线部分“distracting factors(分散注意力的因素)”是指影响阅读的因素，故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“That isn’t to say there is no benefit to electronic book reading compared with doing nothing, just less compared with print books. (这并不是说阅读电子书与什么都不做相比没有好处，只是与纸质书相比更少)”可知，Munzer认为孩子们可以有时读一读电子书，故选A。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So they should feel free to adjust the reading experience to what they know their children are interested in, even comics and magazines count as reading. (因此，他们应该自由地调整阅读体验，以适应他们知道孩子感兴趣的东西，甚至漫画和杂志也算作阅读)”可知，父母应该让阅读体验变得有趣来保持孩子的阅读兴趣，故选C。
(2)
（2023下·广东广州·高一校考期中）Folklore is the branch of the study of man which deals with local customs, tales and traditions. Everybody is a storehouse of folklore, though not everybody realizes it. Often, indeed, those who have never heard the word folklore have the greatest store of it, for the people with least book education commonly cherish most firmly old ideas and superstitions which have been passed on by word of mouth for generations. Everyone has heard stories of ghosts, witches, fairies, and giants. We all know some proverbs and have come across such ideas as, for example, that it is lucky to see black cat and unlucky to see a single magpie. We keep certain seasons of the year as festivals, such as Christmas, and we are familiar with the special customs connected with weddings and funerals. All such things are of interest to those who study folklore.
People who study folklore won’t criticize the old beliefs and practices they come across as silly, childish, or old-fashioned. Instead, they will try to collect accurate records of them and then see how these are connected with other ideas and customs of other places or times. By comparing with what is known of olden times or the folklore of other countries, they try to discover how certain beliefs and practices came into being, and what purpose they serve now or used to serve in the past.
Often we find that the beliefs which seem most peculiar and unreasonable, and the customs which appear least practical, are of the greatest interest and importance because they are commonly the oldest. Sometimes they were part of an ancient ritual or served a useful purpose when people’s way of life was different from what it is now. So we not only learn about what people thought and did in the past but are better able to understand present customs. People often keep up customs when they have forgotten the original reason for them, and in the course of time a fresh reason gets attached to the custom. Thus, when some joker ties an old shoe to the back of the taxi taking the bride and bridegroom to the station for their honeymoon, he would say it was “for luck”, but actually a shoe is an old fertility (繁殖力) symbol and has a place in the wedding customs of China and Palestine.
1. The underlined word “they” (in Para. 2) most probably refers to ________.
A. practices and beliefs B. customs and traditions
C. records and tales D. places or times
2. It is most unlikely for people who study folklore to ________.
A. collect as many records of old beliefs and practices as possible
B. compare the present customs with those of the olden times
C. criticize the old beliefs and superstitions as silly or childish
D. find out the purpose the certain beliefs and practices serve or used to serve
3. Which of the following statements is true about customs
A. The customs which do not appear practical mean nothing to most people.
B. The reasons for certain customs may change in the course of history.
C. People who practice customs are quite familiar with their origins.
D. The wedding customs in China and Palestine are of great similarity.
4. What would be the best title for the passage
A. What Does Folklore Really Mean B. How Do People Keep Up Customs
C. Who Studies Tales And Traditions D. When Did Some Old Beliefs Begin
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关民俗学的一些内容。民俗学是传承和研究整个民间生活和文化的学科。而民俗则是日常人民生活形态的真实反映，这种约定俗成的习惯与风俗，不仅是对人们生活的提升与满足，更是民族生存不可或缺的精神支柱。
1. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“they try to discover how certain beliefs and practices came into being,(他们试图发现某些信仰和习俗是如何形成的，)”可知，他们试图发现它们现在或过去服务于什么目的。此处的they指代前文中的beliefs and practices。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“People who study folklore won’t criticize the old beliefs and practices they come across as silly, childish, or old-fashioned.(研究民间传说的人不会批评他们遇到的旧信仰和习俗是愚蠢的、幼稚的或过时的。)”可知，研究民俗的人们不会去批评他们所见到的古老的信仰或者惯例。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“People often keep up customs when they have forgotten the original reason for them, and in the course of time a fresh reason gets attached to the custom. (人们往往会在忘记了最初的原因后保留习俗，随着时间的推移，新的原因会附着在习俗上。)”以及下文的例子可知，作者认为有的习俗的由来可能会被遗忘，而随之被赋予其他的意义。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。文章首段提出民俗学的定义，介绍了一些民间的习俗，然后在下文中又进行了细致的讲解和介绍，由此判断本文主要介绍民俗学。所以“What Does Folklore Really Mean (民间传说的真正含义是什么 )”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
(3)
（2023下·江苏无锡·高一校考期中）Wild elephants wander across the crowded flatland of India; the forest river banks through fields in Brazil; a ribbon (缎带) of green spreads across. Europe where the Iron Curtain used to be. Using such wildlife corridors (走廊) to link up larger but isolated (孤立的) protected areas is the most widely used method for stopping biodiversity decline (生物多样性衰退), with millions of dollars spent creating and protecting them every year. But has enthusiasm for a neat idea got ahead of the science
As wild habitat is broken into isolated parts by farms, roads and settlements, we need to link them up with corridors of green. Then even if the entire habitat can’t be recreated, old migration (迁徙) patterns can be brought back, escape routes created ahead of climate change and —perhaps most importantly — isolated populations can interbreed (杂交), improving their genetic (基因的) diversity and their ability to-survive.
Recently, Paul Beier, a biologist from Northern Arizona University, and his colleague Andrew Gregory, warned that “in spite of much research, there is little evidence that protection corridors work as expected.” There is, they say, plenty of evidence that wild animals will move through corridors. But supporters of corridors want, and claim, much more than this. They say that animals don’t just go for a walk in their protection woods, but that they move in forever and interbreed with neighbouring populations. In this way corridors supposedly linked isolated and endangered populations into an interbreeding — and much more powerful — whole.
Such claims sometimes hold up. In the United Kingdom, the expansion (扩张) of Kielder Forest in the 1960s provided a link between isolated populations of endangered red squirrels. Genes from isolated populations have now “spread through hundreds of forest parts” across 100 kilometers and more. But the Kielder Forest is much wider than an ordinary corridor. Few studies have looked for gene exchange in corridors; even fewer have found it, One study researched the genetic diversity of small marsupials (有袋类动物) in a narrow forest corridor crossing 4.5 kilometers of grassland in Queensland, Australia. It found that genetically distinct populations had kept on staying at either end. Mixing was impossible.
Other studies have shown that protection corridors work. But most have looked at short corridors of 100 meters through largely natural landscape. “That species can travel along short corridors in a natural setting doesn’t mean that they will be successful travelling along much longer corridors which are in a landscape greatly affected by human beings,” says Gregory, “still less that such movements occur frequently enough to allow enough gene exchange to occur so that the connected habitat blocks function as one population.”
Perhaps we shouldn’t make the. perfect the enemy of the good. Is any corridor surely better than none But consider this. The edges of wild areas are known danger zones for wildlife, where enemies and diseases may invade (侵略). Linking two existing protected areas with a long narrow corridor may uncover it to greater danger along these edges. Unless the benefit exceeds (超过) the threat, then there is serious possibility to do harm.
1. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that people might ________.
A. pay too much attention to biodiversity B. be using wrong ways to protect wildlife
C. be too idealistic about protection corridors D. have given too much protection to wildlife
2. According to Paragraph 2, wildlife corridors were put forward because of ________.
A. their isolation B. human activities C. climate change D. alien animals
3. Which of the following would Beier most likely agree with
A. We should give up wildlife corridors.
B. Animals don’t like to walk in corridors.
C. We need more evidence to support how corridors can work.
D. Corridors can link isolated animals into an interbreeding whole.
4. Kielder Forest is mentioned in Paragraph 4 as an example of the __________.
A. primary corridor B. unsuccessful corridor
C. ordinary corridor D. non-typical corridor
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物们也许不需要野生动物保护走廊，野生动物的生命通道——“生物走廊带”的建立也许是一种浪费。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Using such wildlife corridors (走廊) to link up larger but isolated (孤立的) protected areas is the most widely used method for stopping biodiversity decline(生物多样性衰退),with millions of dollars spent creating and protecting them every year. But has enthusiasm for a neat idea got ahead of the science (利用这些野生动物走廊连接更大但孤立的保护区是阻止生物多样性下降的最广泛使用的方法，每年花费数百万美元创建和保护它们。但是，对一个绝妙想法的热情是否已经超越了科学呢 )”可推断，人们可能对保护走廊太理想化。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Then even if the entire habitat can’t be recreated, old migration(迁徙)patterns can be brought back, escape routes created ahead of climate change and — perhaps most importantly — isolated populations can interbreed (杂交), improving their genetic (基因的)diversity and their ability to-survive.(这样，即使整个栖息地无法重建，古老的迁徙模式也可以恢复，在气候变化之前建立逃生路线，或许最重要的是，孤立的种群可以进行杂交，提高它们的基因多样性和生存能力)”可知，野生动物保护走廊的建立是为了解决野生动物栖息地的孤岛化和破碎化的状况。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Recently, Paul Beier, a biologist from Northern Arizona University, and his colleague Andrew Gregory, warned that “in spite of much research, there is little evidence that protection corridors work as expected.”(最近，来自北亚利桑那大学的生物学家保罗·贝尔和他的同事安德鲁·格雷戈里警告说：“尽管进行了大量的研究，但几乎没有证据表明保护走廊能像预期的那样发挥作用。”)”可知，贝尔认为现在动物保护走廊的效果不如预期，还需要更多的证据。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Such claims sometimes hold up. But the Kielder Forest is much wider than an ordinary corridor. Few studies have looked for gene exchange in corridors; even fewer have found it. One study researched the genetic diversity of small marsupials (有袋类动物) in a narrow forest corridor crossing 4.5 kilometers of grassland in Queensland, Australia. It found that genetically distinct populations had kept on staying at either end. Mixing was impossible.(这种说法有时是站得住脚的。在英国，20世纪60年代基尔德森林的扩张提供了濒危红松鼠孤立种群之间的联系。来自孤立种群的基因现在已经“传播到数百个森林地区”，跨越了100多公里。但是克尔德森林比普通的走廊要宽得多。很少有研究在走廊中寻找基因交换；一项研究研究了澳大利亚昆士兰州一条横跨4.5公里草原的狭窄森林走廊里小型有袋类动物的遗传多样性。研究发现，基因不同的种群一直呆在两端。混合是不可能的)”可知，动物保护走廊为动物繁殖提供场所这种说法是站得住脚的，但是Kielder Forest比普通的动物走廊要宽阔，几乎没有研究在走廊中寻找到基因交换，有基因差异的动物群体一直保持着两地生活，在这里混合是不可能的。由此推知，它是一个非典型的动物保护走廊。故选D。
(4)
（2023下·江苏·高一江苏省太湖高级中学校考期中）My granddad often helped me make a tool to catch fish when I was young and we would spend hours along a river. It was lovely for both of us then. Many more of today’s grandparents have a growing sense of adventure. And a trend is catching on: skip-gen travel — grandparents taking fun-filled vacations with grand kids without their parents along.
A survey found that 83% of grandparents put travel with their grand kids as the number one thing when they retire. Skip-gen travel gets popular for good reason. Kids have their lives enriched and learn outside classrooms. This is also a time of talking and sharing ideas.
“How grandparents talk to children is different from how parents talk to them. Actually, I feel on a more equal footing with my grandchildren than I do with my own children,” Annie Collins, a travel architect and also part of the trend, says. “Kids away from their parents are more open to ideas and willing to express themselves. It’s not just kids gaining from traveling. Who gets the most out of this You might think it’s them but it’s us.” According to a study by the Cleveland Clinic, grandparents who help watch and spend time with grand kids may actually live longer than their peers（同龄人）.
It’s also important to recognize that grandparents often have more time to travel. Unlike their children, who may still be in the pursuit of a personal career that offers limited time off, grandparents are often retired and likely have a different viewpoint on life, prioritizing experiences and family. So knowing the kids are in great hands, moms and dads will have a bit of time to themselves — some much-needed leisure time alone to rest and recharge their batteries.
However, skip-gen travel is not for every grandparent. After all, grandparents are worn out with years and not so energetic. They surely treasure the chance to form close ties with their grandchildren, but it’s wiser to say no when only the youth could enjoy themselves, for the travel should be a win for everyone involved.
1. Why does the author mention fishing experiences with his granddad
A. To lead in the trend of skip-gen travel. B. To share the pleasure in going fishing.
C. To stress the importance of family ties. D. To show the growing interest in adventure.
2. Which of the following may Annie Collins agree
A. Many parents are too strict with children.
B. Grandparents benefit more from skip-gen travel.
C. Spending time with grandparents is better for kids.
D. Children become mature when away from parents.
3. What do we know about the parents whose kids are on skip-gen travel
A. They enjoy the moment to relax. B. They feel less anxious and stressed.
C. They miss their kids very much. D. They look forward to their own trip.
4. What does the author suggest grandparents do
A. Get kids involved in travel planning. B. Strengthen the bond with grandchildren.
C. Reduce skip-gen travel appropriately. D. Make decisions in both sides’ interests.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着越来越多祖父母冒险意识的增强，跨代旅游开始流行起来。研究发现，跨代旅游对祖父母、父母以及孩子均大有裨益。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“My granddad often helped me make a tool to catch fish when I was young and we would spend hours along a river. It was lovely for both of us then. Many more of today’s grandparents have a growing sense of adventure. And a trend is catching on: skip-gen travel（我小的时候，爷爷经常帮我做一个捕鱼的工具，我们会在河边呆上几个小时。那时候对我们俩来说都很美好。如今，越来越多的祖父母有了一种越来越强烈的冒险意识。一种趋势正在兴起：跨代旅行）”可知，作者提到自己小时候与爷爷一起抓鱼的经历是为了引出如今祖父母辈与孙辈之间新的相处模式，即跨代旅游。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Actually, I feel on a more equal footing with my grandchildren than I do with my own children（事实上，我觉得我和我的孙辈比我和我自己的孩子更平等）”以及“It’s not just kids gaining from traveling.Who gets the most out of this You might think it’s them but it’s us（这不仅仅是孩子们从旅行中获得的。谁能从中获益最多？你可能认为是他们，但其实是我们）”可以推断出，身为祖母和跨代旅游的实践者，Annie Collins认为祖父母辈从跨代旅游中受益更多。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“So knowing the kids are in great hands, moms and dads will have a bit of time to themselves- some much-needed leisure time alone to rest and recharge their batteries（所以知道孩子们被照顾得很好，父母们就会有一些属于他们自己的时间——一些他们急需的闲暇时间来休息和充电）”可知，当孩子与祖父母外出旅游时，父母也能拥有自己的休闲时间，用来放松和休整。故选A。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“They surely treasure the chance to form close ties with their grandchildren, but it’s wiser to say no when only the youth could enjoy themselves, for the travel should be a win for everyone involved（他们肯定会珍惜这个与孙辈建立亲密关系的机会，但当只有年轻人可以享受时，明智的做法是说不，因为这趟旅行对参与其中的每个人都应该是一个胜利）”可知，作者认为跨代旅游应该是一件双赢的事，只有对祖父母和孩子都有利时才应进行，由此可知，作者建议祖父母做有利于双方利益的决定。故选D。
(5)
（2023下·浙江台州·高一校联考期中）Cows produce much methane (甲烷) the world’s second worst greenhouse gas, as they break down the grass. They are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Now scientists have shown the pollution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed (海藻) to their food.
Recently, the researchers from the University of California studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to know the amount of the methane the cows were giving off. They used a small amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows’ food.
The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows.
But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there’s not enough seaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed. A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day.
Still, as the study shows, something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.
1. Why did the researchers carry out the study
A. To improve the cows’ living conditions.
B. To test the effects of the seaweed.
C. To measure the amount of methane produced by cows.
D. To discover healthier grass to reduce the pollution from cows. .
2. What’s the third paragraph mainly about
A. The background of the subjects. B. The process of the research.
C. The content of the experiment. D. The results of the study.
3. What is the biggest challenge in the researchers’ opinion
A. Seaweed is pretty rare in the world. B. It’s hard to mix seaweed with grass.
C. Cows can hardly have daily access to seaweed. D. Cows fed with seaweed gained weight easily.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the findings
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Negative.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们已经证明，通过在牛的食物中添加一点海藻，可以减少来自牛的污染。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They used a small amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows’ food. (他们用了少量的海藻，把海藻和牛的食物混合在一起)”及第三段中的“The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.(结果出人意料地好。在某些情况下，奶牛产生的甲烷减少了82%。这种改善取决于喂给奶牛的食物种类。即使是污染最严重的奶牛也少产生33%的甲烷)”可知，研究人员进行这项研究是为了测试海藻的影响。故选B。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows.(结果出人意料地好。在某些情况下，奶牛产生的甲烷减少了82%。这种改善取决于喂给奶牛的食物种类。即使是污染最严重的奶牛产生的甲烷也减少了33%。在五个月的时间里，科学家们没有看到任何迹象表明奶牛的胃已经习惯了海藻，并开始再次产生更多的甲烷。更重要的是，喂食海藻的奶牛和其他奶牛增重一样多)”可知，第三段主要讲的是这项研究的结果。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day.(一个更大的问题是，奶牛一生中大部分时间都生活在田野里，在那里它们吃草。这意味着没有机会每天喂它们海藻)”可知，研究人员认为最大的挑战是奶牛很难每天吃到海藻。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, as the study shows, something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.(尽管如此，正如研究表明的那样，像给奶牛喂海藻这样简单的事情可以帮助减少导致气候危机的一些污染)”可知，作者认为给牛喂海藻可以减少污染。由此推知，作者对这些发现的态度是积极的。故选B。
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（2023下·浙江嘉兴·高一校联考期中）You have probably heard of the Mozart effect. It’s the idea that if children or even babies listen to music composed of Mozart, they will become more intelligent. A quick Internet search shows plenty of products to assist you in the task. Whatever your age, there are CDs and books to help you taste the power of Mozart’s music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it can make you more clever, the picture is more mixed.
The phrase “the Mozart effect” was made up in 1991, but it was a study described two years later in the journal Nature that aroused real media and public interest about the idea that listening to classical music somehow improves the brain. It is one of those ideas that sound reasonable. Mozart was no doubt a genius himself; his music is complex and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, we’ll become more intelligent.
The idea took off, with thousands of parents playing Mozart to their children, and in 1998 Zell Miller, the Governor of the state of Georgia in the USA, even asked for money to be set aside in the state budget so that every newborn baby could be sent a CD of classical music. It was not just babies and children who were exposed to (接触) Mozart’s music on purpose, even an Italian farmer proudly explained that the cows were played Mozart three times a day to help them to produce better milk.
I’ll leave the debate on the effect on milk production to farmers, but what about the evidence that listening to Mozart makes people more intelligent More research was carried out but an analysis of 16 different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary (临时的) improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn’t make us more intelligent.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A. Mozart composed many musical pieces for children.
B. Children listening to Mozart will be more intelligent.
C. There are few products on the Internet about Mozart’s music.
D. There is little scientific evidence to support the Mozart effect.
2. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 suggests that ________.
A. people were strongly against the idea B. the idea was accepted by many people
C. Mozart played an important part in people’s life D. the US government helped promote the idea
3. What’s the author’s attitude towards the Mozart effect
A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
4. What is the best title for the passage
A. Listening to Mozart, necessary B. What music is beneficial
C. What is the Mozart effect D. To be or not to be
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。听莫扎特的音乐可以让我们更聪明吗？本文主要探讨了这个问题。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“Whatever your age, there are CDs and books to help you taste the power of Mozart’s music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it can make you more clever, the picture is more mixed.（无论你的年龄多大，都有CD和书籍帮助你感受莫扎特音乐的力量，但当涉及到它能让你更聪明的科学证据时，情况就复杂多了）”推知，几乎没有科学证据支持莫扎特效应。故选D项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线短语后面的部分“with thousands of parents playing Mozart to their children, and in 1998 Zell Miller, the Governor of the state of Georgia in the USA, even asked for money to be set aside in the state budget so that every newborn baby could be sent a CD of classical music.（成千上万的父母为他们的孩子播放莫扎特音乐，1998年，美国佐治亚州州长泽尔·米勒甚至要求在州预算中拨出一笔钱，这样每个新生儿都能收到一张古典音乐的CD ）”可知，这种想法一定很流行，才会有成千上万的父母为他们的孩子播放莫扎特音乐的现象，所以划线短语took off的意义为“突然成功或流行起来”。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’ll leave the debate on the effect on milk production to farmers, but what about the evidence that listening to Mozart makes people more intelligent More research was carried out but an analysis of 16 different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary (临时的) improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn’t make us more intelligent.（我将把关于牛奶生产影响的辩论留给农民，但证明听莫扎特的音乐会让人更聪明的证据呢？虽然进行了更多的研究，但对16项不同研究的分析证实，听音乐确实会暂时提高我们在心理上处理形状的能力，但这种好处是短暂的，不会让我们变得更聪明）”推知，作者对莫扎特效应持持怀疑的态度。故选C项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段的“You have probably heard of the Mozart effect. It’s the idea that if children or even babies listen to music composed of Mozart, they will become more intelligent.(你可能听说过莫扎特效应。这是一种想法——如果孩子甚至婴儿听莫扎特的音乐，他们会变得更聪明。)”和最后一段“More research was carried out but an analysis of 16 different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary (临时的) improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn’t make us more intelligent.（虽然进行了更多的研究，但对16项不同研究的分析证实，听音乐确实会暂时提高我们在心理上处理形状的能力，但这种好处是短暂的，不会让我们变得更聪明）”可知，文章主要讨论了听莫扎特的音乐究竟会不会让人变得更聪明。所以A项“Listening to Mozart, necessary ”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选A项。
(7)
（2023下·浙江杭州·高一校考期中）The bus was full of the sounds of laughing and yelling fifth graders. They were on their way to the zoo for a class trip. Mario was excited to see the zoo, but there was one problem. It was ten o’clock in the morning, but his stomach was already grumbling (咕咕叫). He reached down and grabbed his lunch bag. Opening it, he saw that it contained a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, an orange, and two cookies. Mario sighed. He always had peanut butter and jelly.
“Trade you lunches,” he said to the boy seated next to him on the bus.
“Okay,” said Mark as he handed his brown bag to Mario.
Mario opened it and was hit with the smell of tuna. Mario wrinkled his nose and quickly closed the bag. He leaned forward and tapped the shoulder of the girl in front of him. “Swap lunches, Toni ” he asked.
“Hmm, okay,” said Toni.
Mario smiled. This was fun. But when he looked into the bag, he frowned. What a disappointment! A ham sandwich, but no cookies! He had to have cookies.
Mario turned in his seat. “Want to trade lunches ” he asked Juana.
“Definitely!” said Juana. She grabbed his lunch and tossed hers onto his lap.
He opened the lunch bag. Pizza! He reached into the bag to grab it. Oh, no! The pizza was hard. He could hit a home run with pizza that hard.
Mario twisted in his seat. One last try, he told himself. “Hey, Mona! Trade lunches ”
Three rows behind him, Mona seemed hesitant: Finally, she nodded. She passed her lunch forward, and he passed his back.
Mario took a deep breath and opened the bag. It was a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, an orange, and two cookies. The sandwich was a little squashed (挤压), and one of the cookies was broken.
Mario ate it anyway. And it was delicious.
1. Why did Mario trade lunches so many times
A. Each lunch he received was dissatisfying. B. His curiosity was aroused with each trade.
C. He needed something interesting to kill time. D. He preferred more food to settle his stomach.
2. In the underlined sentence (Paragraph 9), the author is comparing the pizza to ________.
A. left-over food B. a baseball bat C. home-made bread D. a difficult game
3. What does the author intend to tell us
A. Friends are there when you need them.
B. You should be content with what you have.
C. If you want something done right, do it yourself.
D. There is always something better around the comer.
4. What might be the best title for the text
A. A Class Trip B. Mario’s Funny Trick C. A Lunch Trade D. Mario’s Favorite Food
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了马里奥对自己的午餐不满意，于是和同学进行交换后依然感到不满，最后还是吃了自己的午餐的故事，这个故事告诉我们应该对于自己所拥有的事物感到满足。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Mario sighed. He always had peanut butter and jelly.”（马里奥叹了口气。他总是吃花生酱和果冻。）、第四段“Mario wrinkled his nose and quickly closed the bag.”（马里奥皱了皱鼻子，迅速合上袋子。）、第六段“What a disappointment! A ham sandwich, but no cookies!”（真令人失望！火腿三明治，但没有饼干！）及第九段“ Oh, no! The pizza was hard.”(哦，不！披萨很硬。)可知，起初马里奥因为不喜欢自己的食物，所以和同学进行了交换，但是交换后，因为马里奥对换回来的食物感到不满，所以他会多次和别人再次进行午餐交换。故选A项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第九段划线句子前“Oh, no! The pizza was hard. He could hit a home run with pizza that hard.”（哦，不！披萨很硬。），可知，马里奥认为用那么硬的披萨可以打出一个本垒打，根据常识可知，打棒球需要用到棒球棒，推断出作者把很硬的披萨比喻成棒球棒。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mario ate it anyway. And it was delicious.”（马里奥还是吃了。而且非常美味。）可知，最后马里奥换回了自己的午餐而且感觉它们很美味，通过这件事作者想要告诉我们应该满足于我们所拥有的。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段““Trade you lunches,” he said to the boy seated next to him on the bus.”（“用午餐换你的，”他对坐在他旁边的男孩说。）、第四段““Swap lunches, Toni ” he asked.”（“交换午餐，托尼？”他问道。）、第七段““Want to trade lunches ” he asked Juana.”（“想交换午餐吗？”他问胡安娜。）及第十段““Hey, Mona! Trade lunches ””（“嘿，莫娜！交换午餐？”）可知，本文讲述了马里奥多次交换午餐后最终还是觉得自己的午餐最好的故事，所以C项“午餐交易”是对本文内容的概括总结，符合题意。故选C项。
(8)
（2023下·湖北武汉·高一武汉市第四十九中学校联考期中）Well, to pick up where we left off last time. I’m certain that you know all too well the dangers hiding on the World Wide Web. And whether it’s for schoolwork, entertainment, or just socializing with friends, the Internet will surely be a major part of your child’s life. So, it’s important to secure their online stays.
It’s not the easiest thing, but keeping open lines of communication is primary. Let them know they can share their online activities with you. Talk to them about their online presence as early as possible, ideally before they begin to use email, social media, or a smartphone. Discuss what they find interesting online and learning from them about popular websites and apps; this will create understanding and allow you to identify potential risks.
Next, monitor without spying. Most kids learn to understand boundaries, like respecting others’ personal space, or not opening the cookie jar without asking. Internet use is no different. It’s helpful for kids to have ground rules as to which websites they can visit,which apps they can use, and what they can share online. Remind them that if they feel uneasy with anything that occurs online, they need to alert an adult immediately.
How you handle your kids’ internet usage will depend in large part on their age. There are sites and browsing tools meant for younger kids, such as YouTube Kids,which aims to provide a safe online experience for children.Older kids may be allowed more freedom since they want to network and need to use the internet for information-gathering. But you can set boundaries that feel right for you. Just limit access appropriately.
Allowing your children to make good decisions online teaches them responsibility, shows that you trust them, and reminds them that rules may be tightened if they disobey them. Stay tuned.
1. What might be talked about last time
A. The history of the World Wide Web. B. How the Internet influences people.
C. The potential dangers of the Internet. D. What information the Internet offers.
2. What does Paragraph 2 suggest people do
A. Never be narrow-minded. B. Communicate effectively.
C. Share personal information. D. Identify with your children.
3. What does “alert” underlined in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Inform. B. Reveal. C. Look after. D. Tell off.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. What Is Hidden on the Net B. How to Make Online Stays
C. Be a Smarter Internet User D. Keep Your Kids Safe Online
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要提供了“如何保障孩子网上活动安全”的几条建议。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Well, to pick up where we left off last time. I’m certain that you know all too well the dangers hiding on the World Wide Web.(好吧，继续上节课的内容。我敢肯定，你太了解万维网上隐藏的危险了)”可推断，上节课可能讨论了网络的潜在危险。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s not the easiest thing, but keeping open lines of communication is primary. (这不是最简单的事情，但保持沟通渠道畅通是最重要的)”及本段内容可知，本段主要建议人们和孩子进行有效的沟通。故选B。
3. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Remind them that if they feel uneasy with anything that occurs online,( 提醒他们，如果他们对网上发生的任何事情感到不安)”可知，提醒孩子，网上任何异样的事情，都要立即告知大人。由此推知，划线词alert为“告知、通知”之意。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“ So, it’s important to secure their online stays.( 因此，确保他们在网上的安全是很重要的)”及全文，文章主要提供了“如何保障孩子网上活动安全”的几条建议。由此可知，“Keep Your Kids Safe Online(保证你的孩子安全上网)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
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（2023下·浙江温州·高一乐清市知临中学校考期中）Nowadays, bamboo growth cycles and the dietary needs of lemurs (狐猴) are out of sync. Findings show rainfalls are changing annually. “Over the past two years, there has been a three-month delay in the rainy season and new tender shoots that lemurs consume for nutrition are appearing in January and February - 14 days after the first rain” says Patricia Chapple Wright, a primatologist, anthropologist, and conservationist at Stony Brook University. “Lemurs eat a food source that is very adaptive,” Patricia Wright told PBS News Hour. “It’s able to stand climate change, but the lemurs, unfortunately, can’t adapt quickly to this changed cycle.”
Since baby lemurs are born in November, the delayed rainy season is dangerously affecting the survival of them for lack of nutrition available for both the mothers and offspring. “This is why, for extreme feeding specialists like the greater bamboo lemur, climate change can be an unknowing killer,” J Wright says. “Making the lemurs rely on bamboo stems (茎) for just a bit longer may be enough to tip the balance from existence to extinction.” The lemurs’ highly specialized teeth are also similar to the pandas5 teeth. Both are the mammals able to chew up stems. But this diet can’t last for more than a season or two because the stems can wear away their teeth.
The researchers believe that climate change is affecting the lemurs. The fossil record shows that the lemurs once lived throughout the island. Today, the mammals are cornered on the eastern side, where the dry season at present is the shortest. And if people continue the deforestation practice in the area, the lemurs will have nowhere to go.
The situation is serious, so Wright and her colleagues plan to create bamboo corridors within the rainforests, which will provide available bamboo to eat. They want to work with local villagers to plant more bamboo and manage automatic watering systems when dry seasons last long. They also want to build the local economy by allowing people to harvest a part of bamboo while the rest remains with the lemurs, so people will be interested. Wright’s conservation plans include moving lemurs back to other places on the island as well.
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 most probably mean
A. Go with each other. B. Occur at different times.
C. Lead to a heated discussion. D. Call for effective protection.
2. Why will lemurs get hungry if the dry season continues
A. They may run out of bamboo. B. They can’t adapt to the hot season.
C. They dislike the less delicious stems. D. They can’t chew the stems for a long period.
3. What may be the root cause of the narrowing of lemurs’ living areas
A. The climate change. B. Their teeth protection.
C. The decreasing forest. D. Their special dietary habits.
4. Which of the following may Wright approve of to protect lemurs
A. Shortening the dry season. B. Forbidding the cutting of bamboo.
C. Increasing people’s motivation. D. Finding other islands for lemurs to live on.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是因为雨季的推迟导致了竹子的生长周期和狐猴的饮食需求不同步，所以研究人员主张通过与当地人的合作进而增强人们积极性的方式来给狐猴提供可供食用的竹子，从而更好地保护狐猴。
1. 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Over the past two years, there has been a three-month delay in the rainy season and new tender shoots that lemurs consume for nutrition are appearing in January and February - 14 days after the first rainfall, says Patricia Chapple Wright, a primatologist, anthropologist, and conservationist at Stony Brook University. “Lemurs eat a food source that is very adaptive,” Patricia Wright told PBS NewsHour. “It’s able to stand climate change, but the lemurs, unfortunately, can’t adapt quickly to this changed cycle.” (Stony Brook University的灵长类动物学家、人类学家和自然资源保护主义者Patricia Chapple Wright说，在过去的两年里，雨季推迟了三个月，狐猴用来补充营养的嫩芽出现在1月和2月，也就是第一场降雨后的14天。Patricia Chapple Wright在接受PBS新闻一小时节目采访时表示：“狐猴的食物来源非常适应。” “它能够忍受气候变化，但不幸的是，狐猴不能迅速适应这种变化的周期。”)”可推断，在过去的两年里，雨季推迟了三个月，所以狐猴用来补充营养的嫩芽出现的时间就比以往晚了，这就导致嫩芽的出现和狐猴需要食物的时间对不上了，所划线部分的意思是竹子的生长周期和狐猴的饮食需求是不同步的。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The lemurs’ highly specialized teeth are also similar to the pandas5 teeth. Both are the mammals able to chew up stems. But this diet can’t last for more than a season or two because the stems can wear away their teeth. (狐猴高度特殊化的牙齿也与熊猫的牙齿相似。这两种哺乳动物都能咀嚼树干。但这种饮食方式不能持续超过一两个季节，因为茎会磨损它们的牙齿。)”可知，因为狐猴的牙齿无法长时间咀嚼茎秆，而干旱持久意味着这种供应时间会变长，所以如果旱季持续的话狐猴会因为牙齿无法长时间咀嚼茎秆而挨饿。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The researchers believe that climate change is affecting the lemurs. The fossil record shows that the lemurs once lived throughout the island. Today, the mammals are cornered on the eastern side, where the dry season at present is the shortest. And if people continue the deforestation practice in the area, the lemurs will have nowhere to go. (研究人员认为气候变化正在影响狐猴。化石记录显示狐猴曾经生活在整个岛屿。如今，这些哺乳动物被逼到了东部，那里目前的旱季最短。如果人们继续在该地区砍伐森林，狐猴将无处可去。)”可知，因为气候变化所以狐猴被迫到了岛屿的东部地区，所以影响狐猴生长区域变窄的主要原因是气候的变化。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“They want to work with local villagers to plant more bamboo and manage automatic watering systems when dry seasons last long. They also want to build the local economy by allowing people to harvest a part of bamboo while the rest remains with the lemurs, so people will be interested. (他们想和当地村民一起种植更多的竹子，并在旱季持续很久时管理自动浇水系统。他们还想通过允许人们收割一部分竹子，而剩下的留给狐猴，来发展当地的经济，这样人们就会感兴趣。)”可推断，Wright希望通过与当地人的合作即允许当地人种植竹林，提供自动供水系统，发展经济让竹子变成经济作物以调动当地人积极性等来给狐猴提供可供食用的竹子，所以Wright赞成通过增强人们的积极性来保护狐猴。故选C。
(10)
（2023下·浙江温州·高一乐清市知临中学校考期中）There’s been a lot of talk about weird and annoying responses from the Bing chat bot in the last couple of weeks. By contrast, it’s difficult to get a rise out of ChatGPT even if you push it with contrary questions and statements.
ChatGPT refers to itself as an artificial intelligence language model, but there are so many reasons not to describe these statistically based, text autocomplete tools as AI.
Despite the hype (大肆宣传), we must all admit that text and image tools, however amazing they seem in what they generate, do not have any understanding or actual knowledge or awareness of what they are doing. Rather, it uses statistical patterns and correlations to predict the next word in a sentence or generate a response to a given prompt or clue. This is a limitation of current language models and the field of natural language processing in general.
However, it is important to note that language models like ChatGPT are not designed to replicate human-like understanding of language. They are designed to perform specific tasks related to language processing and generation, such as generating coherent and fluent text or answering questions based on a given context. In this sense, they represent a powerful tool for automating language-related tasks and improving our ability to interact with large amounts of textual data.
While there is still much to be learned about the true nature of language understanding and intelligence, language models like ChatGPT represent an important step forward in our ability to process and generate language at scale.
1. How will ChatGPT probably respond if it is asked contradictory questions
A. It gets angry and defensive. B. It feels difficult to give a proper answer.
C. It generates random responses. D. It remains flexible and calm.
2. The main reason why the author doesn’t consider ChatGPT as Al is that ______.
A. it is amazing in what it generates.
B. it uses statistical patterns and correlations.
C. it is unaware of what it is doing.
D. it is not designed to replicate human-like understanding of language.
3. How can a language learner benefit from ChatGPT
A. It can deal with language-related tasks automatically.
B. It can generate responses to given prompts or clues.
C. It can provide the answers you want.
D. It can improve the ability to interact with large amounts of visual data.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. Importance of applying ChatGPT to language learning.
B. Limitations and advantages of AI language models.
C. Whether ChatGPT is real AI as a language model.
D. A new approach to language learning.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是ChatGPT自称是一种人工智能语言模型，但有很多理由不能将这些基于统计的文本自动补全工具描述为人工智能。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There’s been a lot of talk about weird and annoying responses from the Bing chat bot in the last couple of weeks. By contrast, it’s difficult to get a rise out of ChatGPT even if you push it with contrary questions and statements. (在过去的几周里，有很多关于Bing聊天机器人奇怪而恼人的回复的讨论。相比之下，即使使用相反的问题和陈述，也很难从ChatGPT中获得提升。)”可推断，如果ChatGPT被问到相反的问题，它很难给出一个令人满意的、恰当的答案。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Despite the hype (大肆宣传),we must all admit that text and image tools, however amazing they seem in what they generate, do not have any understanding or actual knowledge or awareness of what they are doing. (尽管大肆宣传，但我们都必须承认，文本和图像工具，无论它们产生的东西看起来多么惊人，都没有任何理解或实际知识或意识到它们在做什么。)”可推断，作者之所以不认为ChatGPT是人工智能的主要原因是作者认为虽然ChatGPT产生的东西看起来多么惊人，但其实ChatGPT并不知道自己在做什么。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“They are designed to perform specific tasks related to language processing and generation, such as generating coherent and fluent text or answering questions based on a given context. In this sense, they represent a powerful tool for automating language-related tasks and improving our ability to interact with large amounts of textual data. (它们被设计用于执行与语言处理和生成相关的特定任务，例如生成连贯流畅的文本或根据给定上下文回答问题。从这个意义上说，它们代表了一种强大的工具，可以自动化与语言相关的任务，并提高我们与大量文本数据交互的能力。)”可推断，ChatGPT可以对给定的提示或线索做出反应，从而提高我们与大量文本数据交互的能力。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There’s been a lot of talk about weird and annoying responses from the Bing chat bot in the last couple of weeks. By contrast, it’s difficult to get a rise out of ChatGPT even if you push it with contrary questions and statements. (在过去的几周里，有很多关于Bing聊天机器人奇怪而恼人的回复的讨论。相比之下，即使使用相反的问题和陈述，也很难从ChatGPT中获得提升。)”以及第二段“ChatGPT refers to itself as an artificial intelligence language model, but there are so many reasons not to describe these statistically based, text autocomplete tools as AI. (ChatGPT自称是一种人工智能语言模型，但有很多理由不能将这些基于统计的文本自动补全工具描述为人工智能。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是ChatGPT自称是一种人工智能语言模型，但是其实并不能称之为真正的AI。故选C。
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（2023下·湖北武汉·高一武汉市洪山高级中学校联考期中）Mosquitoes can spread a range of potentially life-threatening diseases. Existing methods of controlling the insect can be inefficient. For example, mosquitoes can develop a resistance to insecticides(杀虫剂).
Now, Kevin Gorman at the biotechnology firm Oxitec in Abingdon, UK, and his colleagues have genetically modified (基因改造) males of the mosquito species Aedes aegypti in a way that will greatly cut the insect’s population. Among all mosquito species, only females bite. So the team modified males to create so-called OX5034 mosquitoes. They have a gene that allows young male mosquitoes to live, but prevents the females from surviving into adulthood.
In the peak season for reproducing, OX5034 males were released into four heavily populated places in the city of Indaiatuba in Brazil. Within two of these neighborhoods, 100 modified mosquitoes were released at a time, while the remaining test areas were exposed to up to 500 of the insects at a pared with a nearby community that wasn’t exposed to any of these mosquitoes, the places where the modified insects were released saw an 88 percent to 96 percent decline in their mosquito population.
The researchers particularly focus on controlling dengue-a disease caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes. Globally, the number of dengue cases has grown significantly in the past three decades, with 100 million to 400 million cases now occurring annually. While the study didn’t look at whether suppressing (抑制) the mosquitoes led to a lower rate of dengue, there was evidence of this elsewhere. Similar efforts in Australia saw fewer cases of locally spread dengue compared with previous years. A study also found a 77 percent reduction of dengue in Indonesia after modified mosquitoes were introduced there.
According to Dawn Wesson at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Louisiana, Oxitec’s effort is a step up from previous insect control strategies in which mosquito sexual selection wasn’t done by genetic means. That’s the beauty of this method. As well as dengue, Oxitec is making plans for developing modified mosquitoes to reduce other diseases like malaria, says Nathan Rose at Oxitec.
1. How does Kevin Gorman’s team try to control mosquitoes
A. By decreasing the males’ population. B. By transforming all mosquitoes’ genes.
C. By shortening the females’ life. D. By improving the insecticides’ effect.
2. Which aspect of the research is mainly discussed in paragraph 3
A. The target and site. B. The process and findings.
C. The data and report. D. The preparations and methods.
3. Why are Australia and Indonesia mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To state the potential use of the method. B. To explain the background of the study.
C. To draw attention to the severity of dengue. D. To show the method’s effect on reducing dengue.
4. What may Oxitec work on next
A. Widening the applications of the method. B. Engineering other species of mosquitoes.
C. Exploring better mosquito control strategies. D. Finding cures for mosquito-related diseases.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的研究结果，英国阿宾顿的Oxitec生物技术公司的Kevin Gorman和他的同事们已经对埃及伊蚊的雄性进行了基因改造，这种方法将大大减少这种昆虫的数量。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“So the team modified males to create so-called OX5034 mosquitoes. They have a gene that allows young male mosquitoes to live, but prevents the females from surviving into adulthood.(因此，该团队修改了雄性蚊子，创造出所谓的OX5034蚊子。它们有一种基因，可以让年轻的雄性蚊子存活，但阻止雌性蚊子存活到成年。)”可知，Kevin Gorman团队通过减少雌性蚊子来控制蚊子的数量。故选C。
2. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In the peak season for reproducing, OX5034 males were released into four heavily populated places in the city of Indaiatuba in Brazil. Within two of these neighborhoods, 100 modified mosquitoes were released at a time, while the remaining test areas were exposed to up to 500 of the insects at a pared with a nearby community that wasn’t exposed to any of these mosquitoes, the places where the modified insects were released saw an 88 percent to 96 percent decline in their mosquito population.(在繁殖的高峰期，OX5034雄性被释放到巴西因代亚图巴市的四个人口稠密的地方。在其中两个社区，一次释放100只转基因蚊子，而其余的测试区域一次暴露在多达500只昆虫中。与附近没有接触过这些蚊子的社区相比，释放转基因昆虫的地方蚊子数量下降了88%到96%。)”可知，文章第三段主要讲述了该研究的研究过程和研究结果。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While the study didn’t look at whether suppressing (抑制) the mosquitoes led to a lower rate of dengue, there was evidence of this elsewhere. Similar efforts in Australia saw fewer cases of locally spread dengue compared with previous years. A study also found a 77 percent reduction of dengue in Indonesia after modified mosquitoes were introduced there.(虽然这项研究没有研究抑制蚊子是否会降低登革热的发病率，但在其他地方也有证据表明这一点。与前几年相比，澳大利亚的类似努力减少了当地传播的登革热病例。一项研究还发现，在引进转基因蚊子后，印度尼西亚的登革热发病率降低了77%。)”可知，第四段中提到澳大利亚和印度尼西亚是为了表明这种控制蚊子数量的方法可以减少登革热发病率。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As well as dengue, Oxitec is making plans for developing modified mosquitoes to reduce other diseases like malaria, says Nathan Rose at Oxitec.(Oxitec的Nathan Rose说，除了登革热，Oxitec还计划开发改良蚊子，以减少疟疾等其他疾病。)”可知，该公司计划扩大这种减少蚊子数量的应用范围。故选A。
(12)
（2023下·湖北·高一校联考期中）Engineers from the University at Buffalo, Fudan University in China, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison have come together with funding from the National Science Foundation to produce an efficient and cost-effective device that purifies drinking water using the world’s most abundant power source-the sun.
More than 2, 300 years ago, the philosopher Aristotle described the water cycle. He has explained that water is heated by the sun, evaporates (蒸发) up into the air, condenses (凝结) into drops, and then falls back to the ground, pure and free of pollutants.
Professor Qiaoqiang Gan and the other engineers created a method of purifying water that builds upon Aristotle’s ancient observations. Gan’s team invented a solar water purifier that is a modern version of an evaporative solar still. This device looks like the roof of a tent, with strips of carbon-coated paper covering the top so that the paper strip hangs down on the sides. The ends of the paper strip dip into a water container at the bottom. Gradually, the water in the container is absorbed by the paper. When the black carbon coating on the paper is heated by the sun, the wet paper begins to dry. During evaporation, salt, dirt, bacteria, and other pollutants are trapped in the paper. As the temperature cools, water droplets begin to condense on the surface of the paper. The purified water is collected in a clean container and is ready to drink.
There are a few key advantages of the solar water purifier. First, the device is quick and efficient. The solar still can generate up to 5 gallons of clean water daily, which is enough to provide sufficient drinking water for a family. Furthermore, this solar water purifier is cheaper than other water-purification devices because it is made with inexpensive and widely available materials.
There are also disadvantages in terms of the adaptation to diverse environments on Earth and the building up of salt in the process. Currently, the engineers are working to make their purifier available worldwide. Soon, drinkable water will be purified and accessible where it is needed.
1. Why does the author mention Aristotle and the water cycle in the text
A. To catch readers’ attention and interest.
B. To add more authority to the new invention.
C. To show the history of the solar water purifier.
D. To help illustrate the basic working principles of the invention.
2. What is the main function of the carbon-coated paper
A. To cover the top. B. To collect clean water.
C. To hang down on the sides. D. To absorb water and heat from the sun.
3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. What the researchers have done. B. How the solar water purifier works.
C. What the solar water purifier can do. D. How similar Aristotle’s observation is to the purifier.
4. What might the author think of the future of the solar water purifier
A. Dark. B. Uncertain. C. Promising. D. Unpredictable.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇科技说明文。介绍了来自布法罗大学、中国复旦大学和威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的工程师们，在国家科学基金会的资助下，共同研发出一种经济高效的太阳净化饮用水设备及设备的工作原理和优缺点。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“More than 2, 300 years ago, the philosopher Aristotle described the water cycle. He has explained that water is heated by the sun, evaporates (蒸发) up into the air, condenses (凝结) into drops, and then falls back to the ground, pure and free of pollutants. (2,300多年前，哲学家亚里士多德描述了水循环。他解释说，水被太阳加热，蒸发到空气中，凝结成水滴，然后落回地面，纯净无污染物。)”可知，提到亚里士多德是为介绍太阳能净水设备的基本工作原理。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Gradually, the water in the container is absorbed by the paper. When the black carbon coating on the paper is heated by the sun, the wet paper begins to dry. (逐渐地，容器中的水被纸张吸收。当纸张上的黑碳涂层被太阳加热时，湿纸开始干燥。)”可知碳涂层纸的主要功能是吸水和吸收太阳的热量。故选D项。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The ends of the paper strip dip into a water container at the bottom. Gradually, the water in the container is absorbed by the paper. When the black carbon coating on the paper is heated by the sun, the wet paper begins to dry. During evaporation, salt, dirt, bacteria, and other pollutants are trapped in the paper. As the temperature cools, water droplets begin to condense on the surface of the paper. (纸条的末端浸入底部的水容器中。逐渐地，容器中的水被纸张吸收。当纸张上的黑碳涂层被太阳加热时，湿纸开始干燥。在蒸发过程中，盐、污垢、细菌和其他污染物被困在纸张中。随着温度的降低，水滴开始凝结在纸张表面。)”可知，本段重要讲述了新发明的净水器是怎么工作的，故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Currently, the engineers are working to make their purifier available worldwide. Soon, drinkable water will be purified and accessible where it is needed.”可知，作者对净水器即将全世界推广充满希望和信心。故选C项。
(1)
（2023下·湖北武汉·高一武汉外国语学校（武汉实验外国语学校）校考期中）An Ellenton man just turned 93 years old, and decided it was time for him to go to the beach—for the first time.
Howard Fisher has been living in Florida for 20 years, but never went into the Gulf waters. For his birthday, he finally decided to see what the hype was all about it. On Sunday, he took a trip to Anna Maria Island with the help of his daughter, Sandra.
“I guess he never went to the beach because he wasn’t motivated at the time!” she told FOX 13. “By the time he decided to go, he was 93—and needed my help.”
He told her, “Sandra, isn’t it amusing I have lived here for 20 years and never once went to the ocean. Now, I think I might like to, but I can’t.”
Sandra responded, “Yes, you can, Dad. I will make sure of it.”
Sandra, who lives in Alabama, visited her father for his birthday, and decided to help his beach wish come true. They got a beach wheelchair, which is loaned out to visitors from noon to 4 p.m. every day, she explained, at Anna Maria Island Beach Café. Those wheelchairs are provided by Manatee County.
Sandra had to document the big day. In her photos, Howard is seen with a big smile, as he relaxed and swam in the calm, green waters.
She said he was mesmerized, as he floated on his back, gazed up above him, and took in his surroundings.
“Look, I float just like a cork,” he said. “Isn’t this great Look at that sky and those clouds.”
1. Why did Sandra’s father never go into the Gulf waters
A. Because he was afraid of water. B. Because he was too occupied to go there.
C. Because he couldn’t find anyone to help him. D. Because he had no interest.
2. What did Howard Fisher think of himself never going to the ocean for 20 years
A. Funny. B. Sorrowful. C. Joyful. D. Unimaginable.
3. How did they get the beach wheelchair
A. They bought one. B. They borrowed one.
C. Visitors lent one to them. D. Manatee County made one for them.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A Daughter Took Her 93-year-old Father to Swim in the Sea
B. A Daughter Gave Her Father a Big Surprise for His 93rd Birthday
C. A 93-year-old Man from Florida Went to Beach for the First Time
D. A 93-year-old Man from Florida Regretted Not Having Swum in the Sea
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述生活在佛罗里达州的93岁的霍华德·费舍尔决定第一次去海滩的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“I guess he never went to the beach because he wasn’t motivated at the time! (我想他从来没有去过海滩，因为当时他没有动力！)”可知，桑德拉认为，她的父亲从来没有去过海湾水域是因为他不感兴趣。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“He told her, “Sandra, isn’t it amusing I have lived here for 20 years and never once went to the ocean. Now, I think I might like to, but I can’t.”(他告诉她：“桑德拉，这不是很有趣吗？我在这里住了20年，从来没有去过海滩。现在，我想我可能想去，但我却不能去了。”)”可知，霍华德认为，他20年都没有去过海是很有趣的事情。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据第六段“They got a beach wheelchair, which is loaned out to visitors from noon to 4 p.m. every day (他们得到了一个海滩轮椅，这些轮椅每天中午到下午4点可以借给游客)”可知，海滩轮椅是他们借来的。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“An Ellenton man just turned 93 years old, and decided it was time for him to go to the beach—for the first time. (An Ellenton man just turned 93 years old, and decided it was time for him to go to the beach—for the first time.)”和第二段“Howard Fisher has been living in Florida for 20 years, but never went into the Gulf waters. For his birthday, he finally decided to see what the hype was all about it. (霍华德·费舍尔在佛罗里达州生活了20年，但从未进入过海湾水域。在他的生日那天，他终于决定看看这是怎么一回事。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述生活在佛罗里达州的93岁的霍华德·费舍尔决定第一专题01 阅读理解记叙文&说明文
(1)
（2023下·江苏徐州·高一统考期中）Reading with a child is a hugely important developmental activity as it helps youngsters learn new words, broadens their knowledge and provides time to bond with loved ones. So scientists wanted to see if parents and children acted differently when they read books together using traditional media compared with electronic device (电子设备).
To find out, the researchers carried out a study on 37 pairs of parents and healthy children between two and three years old. They asked them to read from three different types of media: electronic books with sound effects or animation; a basic electronic book; and a print book.
Researchers found parents and children spoke more when interacting with a paper book rather than a story on an electronic tablet (平板电脑). What’s more, parents used richer language when using print books compared with tablets. But parents were less responsive and children were less engaged with their parents when reading e-books, Munzer said. Dr Tiffany Munzer, coauthor of the study, told Newsweek: “One of the must surprising aspects is that these findings held true even when parents and children read tablet books with few distracting factors, suggesting it might be the actual tablet device that’s contributing to less conversation between parents and children.”
So should parents give up tablets when reading with their children, or is some reading better than none, regardless of the device
“That isn’t to say there is no benefit to electronic book reading compared with doing nothing, just less compared with print books. Print books are just better for improving rich language from parents and more conversation between parents and children.” Munzer said that parents always know their children best. “So they should feel free to adjust the reading experience to what they know their children are interested in, even comics and magazines count as reading.”
1. Why did the scientists carry out the research among parents and children
A. To find out what effects parents have on children.
B. To compare traditional media with electronic device.
C. To find out if they behave differently with various media.
D. To learn if reading with children can be helpful to their growth.
2. Which can best explain the underlined words “distracting factors” in paragraph 3
A. Tools that attract kids. B. Contents that fit kids.
C. People who help reading. D. Things that affect reading
3. What does Munzer think of kids’ electronic book reading
A. Kids can do it at times. B. There is no benefit at all.
C. It will replace the print book reading. D. It should be with more conversations.
4. What should parents do to keep their children’s interest in reading
A. Sign up for reading clubs. B. Buy a wide variety of e-books.
C. Make reading experience interesting. D. Talk less with their children when reading.
(2)
（2023下·广东广州·高一校考期中）Folklore is the branch of the study of man which deals with local customs, tales and traditions. Everybody is a storehouse of folklore, though not everybody realizes it. Often, indeed, those who have never heard the word folklore have the greatest store of it, for the people with least book education commonly cherish most firmly old ideas and superstitions which have been passed on by word of mouth for generations. Everyone has heard stories of ghosts, witches, fairies, and giants. We all know some proverbs and have come across such ideas as, for example, that it is lucky to see black cat and unlucky to see a single magpie. We keep certain seasons of the year as festivals, such as Christmas, and we are familiar with the special customs connected with weddings and funerals. All such things are of interest to those who study folklore.
People who study folklore won’t criticize the old beliefs and practices they come across as silly, childish, or old-fashioned. Instead, they will try to collect accurate records of them and then see how these are connected with other ideas and customs of other places or times. By comparing with what is known of olden times or the folklore of other countries, they try to discover how certain beliefs and practices came into being, and what purpose they serve now or used to serve in the past.
Often we find that the beliefs which seem most peculiar and unreasonable, and the customs which appear least practical, are of the greatest interest and importance because they are commonly the oldest. Sometimes they were part of an ancient ritual or served a useful purpose when people’s way of life was different from what it is now. So we not only learn about what people thought and did in the past but are better able to understand present customs. People often keep up customs when they have forgotten the original reason for them, and in the course of time a fresh reason gets attached to the custom. Thus, when some joker ties an old shoe to the back of the taxi taking the bride and bridegroom to the station for their honeymoon, he would say it was “for luck”, but actually a shoe is an old fertility (繁殖力) symbol and has a place in the wedding customs of China and Palestine.
1. The underlined word “they” (in Para. 2) most probably refers to ________.
A. practices and beliefs B. customs and traditions
C. records and tales D. places or times
2. It is most unlikely for people who study folklore to ________.
A. collect as many records of old beliefs and practices as possible
B. compare the present customs with those of the olden times
C. criticize the old beliefs and superstitions as silly or childish
D. find out the purpose the certain beliefs and practices serve or used to serve
3. Which of the following statements is true about customs
A. The customs which do not appear practical mean nothing to most people.
B. The reasons for certain customs may change in the course of history.
C. People who practice customs are quite familiar with their origins.
D. The wedding customs in China and Palestine are of great similarity.
4. What would be the best title for the passage
A. What Does Folklore Really Mean B. How Do People Keep Up Customs
C. Who Studies Tales And Traditions D. When Did Some Old Beliefs Begin
(3)
（2023下·江苏无锡·高一校考期中）Wild elephants wander across the crowded flatland of India; the forest river banks through fields in Brazil; a ribbon (缎带) of green spreads across. Europe where the Iron Curtain used to be. Using such wildlife corridors (走廊) to link up larger but isolated (孤立的) protected areas is the most widely used method for stopping biodiversity decline (生物多样性衰退), with millions of dollars spent creating and protecting them every year. But has enthusiasm for a neat idea got ahead of the science
As wild habitat is broken into isolated parts by farms, roads and settlements, we need to link them up with corridors of green. Then even if the entire habitat can’t be recreated, old migration (迁徙) patterns can be brought back, escape routes created ahead of climate change and —perhaps most importantly — isolated populations can interbreed (杂交), improving their genetic (基因的) diversity and their ability to-survive.
Recently, Paul Beier, a biologist from Northern Arizona University, and his colleague Andrew Gregory, warned that “in spite of much research, there is little evidence that protection corridors work as expected.” There is, they say, plenty of evidence that wild animals will move through corridors. But supporters of corridors want, and claim, much more than this. They say that animals don’t just go for a walk in their protection woods, but that they move in forever and interbreed with neighbouring populations. In this way corridors supposedly linked isolated and endangered populations into an interbreeding — and much more powerful — whole.
Such claims sometimes hold up. In the United Kingdom, the expansion (扩张) of Kielder Forest in the 1960s provided a link between isolated populations of endangered red squirrels. Genes from isolated populations have now “spread through hundreds of forest parts” across 100 kilometers and more. But the Kielder Forest is much wider than an ordinary corridor. Few studies have looked for gene exchange in corridors; even fewer have found it, One study researched the genetic diversity of small marsupials (有袋类动物) in a narrow forest corridor crossing 4.5 kilometers of grassland in Queensland, Australia. It found that genetically distinct populations had kept on staying at either end. Mixing was impossible.
Other studies have shown that protection corridors work. But most have looked at short corridors of 100 meters through largely natural landscape. “That species can travel along short corridors in a natural setting doesn’t mean that they will be successful travelling along much longer corridors which are in a landscape greatly affected by human beings,” says Gregory, “still less that such movements occur frequently enough to allow enough gene exchange to occur so that the connected habitat blocks function as one population.”
Perhaps we shouldn’t make the. perfect the enemy of the good. Is any corridor surely better than none But consider this. The edges of wild areas are known danger zones for wildlife, where enemies and diseases may invade (侵略). Linking two existing protected areas with a long narrow corridor may uncover it to greater danger along these edges. Unless the benefit exceeds (超过) the threat, then there is serious possibility to do harm.
1. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that people might ________.
A. pay too much attention to biodiversity B. be using wrong ways to protect wildlife
C. be too idealistic about protection corridors D. have given too much protection to wildlife
2. According to Paragraph 2, wildlife corridors were put forward because of ________.
A. their isolation B. human activities C. climate change D. alien animals
3. Which of the following would Beier most likely agree with
A. We should give up wildlife corridors.
B. Animals don’t like to walk in corridors.
C. We need more evidence to support how corridors can work.
D. Corridors can link isolated animals into an interbreeding whole.
4. Kielder Forest is mentioned in Paragraph 4 as an example of the __________.
A. primary corridor B. unsuccessful corridor
C. ordinary corridor D. non-typical corridor
(4)
（2023下·江苏·高一江苏省太湖高级中学校考期中）My granddad often helped me make a tool to catch fish when I was young and we would spend hours along a river. It was lovely for both of us then. Many more of today’s grandparents have a growing sense of adventure. And a trend is catching on: skip-gen travel — grandparents taking fun-filled vacations with grand kids without their parents along.
A survey found that 83% of grandparents put travel with their grand kids as the number one thing when they retire. Skip-gen travel gets popular for good reason. Kids have their lives enriched and learn outside classrooms. This is also a time of talking and sharing ideas.
“How grandparents talk to children is different from how parents talk to them. Actually, I feel on a more equal footing with my grandchildren than I do with my own children,” Annie Collins, a travel architect and also part of the trend, says. “Kids away from their parents are more open to ideas and willing to express themselves. It’s not just kids gaining from traveling. Who gets the most out of this You might think it’s them but it’s us.” According to a study by the Cleveland Clinic, grandparents who help watch and spend time with grand kids may actually live longer than their peers（同龄人）.
It’s also important to recognize that grandparents often have more time to travel. Unlike their children, who may still be in the pursuit of a personal career that offers limited time off, grandparents are often retired and likely have a different viewpoint on life, prioritizing experiences and family. So knowing the kids are in great hands, moms and dads will have a bit of time to themselves — some much-needed leisure time alone to rest and recharge their batteries.
However, skip-gen travel is not for every grandparent. After all, grandparents are worn out with years and not so energetic. They surely treasure the chance to form close ties with their grandchildren, but it’s wiser to say no when only the youth could enjoy themselves, for the travel should be a win for everyone involved.
1. Why does the author mention fishing experiences with his granddad
A. To lead in the trend of skip-gen travel. B. To share the pleasure in going fishing.
C. To stress the importance of family ties. D. To show the growing interest in adventure.
2. Which of the following may Annie Collins agree
A. Many parents are too strict with children.
B. Grandparents benefit more from skip-gen travel.
C. Spending time with grandparents is better for kids.
D. Children become mature when away from parents.
3. What do we know about the parents whose kids are on skip-gen travel
A. They enjoy the moment to relax. B. They feel less anxious and stressed.
C. They miss their kids very much. D. They look forward to their own trip.
4. What does the author suggest grandparents do
A. Get kids involved in travel planning. B. Strengthen the bond with grandchildren.
C. Reduce skip-gen travel appropriately. D. Make decisions in both sides’ interests.
(5)
（2023下·浙江台州·高一校联考期中）Cows produce much methane (甲烷) the world’s second worst greenhouse gas, as they break down the grass. They are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Now scientists have shown the pollution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed (海藻) to their food.
Recently, the researchers from the University of California studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to know the amount of the methane the cows were giving off. They used a small amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows’ food.
The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows.
But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there’s not enough seaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed. A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day.
Still, as the study shows, something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.
1. Why did the researchers carry out the study
A. To improve the cows’ living conditions.
B. To test the effects of the seaweed.
C. To measure the amount of methane produced by cows.
D. To discover healthier grass to reduce the pollution from cows. .
2. What’s the third paragraph mainly about
A. The background of the subjects. B. The process of the research.
C. The content of the experiment. D. The results of the study.
3. What is the biggest challenge in the researchers’ opinion
A. Seaweed is pretty rare in the world. B. It’s hard to mix seaweed with grass.
C. Cows can hardly have daily access to seaweed. D. Cows fed with seaweed gained weight easily.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the findings
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Negative.
(6)
（2023下·浙江嘉兴·高一校联考期中）You have probably heard of the Mozart effect. It’s the idea that if children or even babies listen to music composed of Mozart, they will become more intelligent. A quick Internet search shows plenty of products to assist you in the task. Whatever your age, there are CDs and books to help you taste the power of Mozart’s music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it can make you more clever, the picture is more mixed.
The phrase “the Mozart effect” was made up in 1991, but it was a study described two years later in the journal Nature that aroused real media and public interest about the idea that listening to classical music somehow improves the brain. It is one of those ideas that sound reasonable. Mozart was no doubt a genius himself; his music is complex and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, we’ll become more intelligent.
The idea took off, with thousands of parents playing Mozart to their children, and in 1998 Zell Miller, the Governor of the state of Georgia in the USA, even asked for money to be set aside in the state budget so that every newborn baby could be sent a CD of classical music. It was not just babies and children who were exposed to (接触) Mozart’s music on purpose, even an Italian farmer proudly explained that the cows were played Mozart three times a day to help them to produce better milk.
I’ll leave the debate on the effect on milk production to farmers, but what about the evidence that listening to Mozart makes people more intelligent More research was carried out but an analysis of 16 different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary (临时的) improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn’t make us more intelligent.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A. Mozart composed many musical pieces for children.
B. Children listening to Mozart will be more intelligent.
C. There are few products on the Internet about Mozart’s music.
D. There is little scientific evidence to support the Mozart effect.
2. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 suggests that ________.
A. people were strongly against the idea B. the idea was accepted by many people
C. Mozart played an important part in people’s life D. the US government helped promote the idea
3. What’s the author’s attitude towards the Mozart effect
A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
4. What is the best title for the passage
A. Listening to Mozart, necessary B. What music is beneficial
C. What is the Mozart effect D. To be or not to be
(7)
（2023下·浙江杭州·高一校考期中）The bus was full of the sounds of laughing and yelling fifth graders. They were on their way to the zoo for a class trip. Mario was excited to see the zoo, but there was one problem. It was ten o’clock in the morning, but his stomach was already grumbling (咕咕叫). He reached down and grabbed his lunch bag. Opening it, he saw that it contained a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, an orange, and two cookies. Mario sighed. He always had peanut butter and jelly.
“Trade you lunches,” he said to the boy seated next to him on the bus.
“Okay,” said Mark as he handed his brown bag to Mario.
Mario opened it and was hit with the smell of tuna. Mario wrinkled his nose and quickly closed the bag. He leaned forward and tapped the shoulder of the girl in front of him. “Swap lunches, Toni ” he asked.
“Hmm, okay,” said Toni.
Mario smiled. This was fun. But when he looked into the bag, he frowned. What a disappointment! A ham sandwich, but no cookies! He had to have cookies.
Mario turned in his seat. “Want to trade lunches ” he asked Juana.
“Definitely!” said Juana. She grabbed his lunch and tossed hers onto his lap.
He opened the lunch bag. Pizza! He reached into the bag to grab it. Oh, no! The pizza was hard. He could hit a home run with pizza that hard.
Mario twisted in his seat. One last try, he told himself. “Hey, Mona! Trade lunches ”
Three rows behind him, Mona seemed hesitant: Finally, she nodded. She passed her lunch forward, and he passed his back.
Mario took a deep breath and opened the bag. It was a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, an orange, and two cookies. The sandwich was a little squashed (挤压), and one of the cookies was broken.
Mario ate it anyway. And it was delicious.
1. Why did Mario trade lunches so many times
A. Each lunch he received was dissatisfying. B. His curiosity was aroused with each trade.
C. He needed something interesting to kill time. D. He preferred more food to settle his stomach.
2. In the underlined sentence (Paragraph 9), the author is comparing the pizza to ________.
A. left-over food B. a baseball bat C. home-made bread D. a difficult game
3. What does the author intend to tell us
A. Friends are there when you need them.
B. You should be content with what you have.
C. If you want something done right, do it yourself.
D. There is always something better around the comer.
4. What might be the best title for the text
A. A Class Trip B. Mario’s Funny Trick C. A Lunch Trade D. Mario’s Favorite Food
(8)
（2023下·湖北武汉·高一武汉市第四十九中学校联考期中）Well, to pick up where we left off last time. I’m certain that you know all too well the dangers hiding on the World Wide Web. And whether it’s for schoolwork, entertainment, or just socializing with friends, the Internet will surely be a major part of your child’s life. So, it’s important to secure their online stays.
It’s not the easiest thing, but keeping open lines of communication is primary. Let them know they can share their online activities with you. Talk to them about their online presence as early as possible, ideally before they begin to use email, social media, or a smartphone. Discuss what they find interesting online and learning from them about popular websites and apps; this will create understanding and allow you to identify potential risks.
Next, monitor without spying. Most kids learn to understand boundaries, like respecting others’ personal space, or not opening the cookie jar without asking. Internet use is no different. It’s helpful for kids to have ground rules as to which websites they can visit,which apps they can use, and what they can share online. Remind them that if they feel uneasy with anything that occurs online, they need to alert an adult immediately.
How you handle your kids’ internet usage will depend in large part on their age. There are sites and browsing tools meant for younger kids, such as YouTube Kids,which aims to provide a safe online experience for children.Older kids may be allowed more freedom since they want to network and need to use the internet for information-gathering. But you can set boundaries that feel right for you. Just limit access appropriately.
Allowing your children to make good decisions online teaches them responsibility, shows that you trust them, and reminds them that rules may be tightened if they disobey them. Stay tuned.
1. What might be talked about last time
A. The history of the World Wide Web. B. How the Internet influences people.
C. The potential dangers of the Internet. D. What information the Internet offers.
2. What does Paragraph 2 suggest people do
A. Never be narrow-minded. B. Communicate effectively.
C. Share personal information. D. Identify with your children.
3. What does “alert” underlined in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Inform. B. Reveal. C. Look after. D. Tell off.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. What Is Hidden on the Net B. How to Make Online Stays
C. Be a Smarter Internet User D. Keep Your Kids Safe Online
(9)
（2023下·浙江温州·高一乐清市知临中学校考期中）Nowadays, bamboo growth cycles and the dietary needs of lemurs (狐猴) are out of sync. Findings show rainfalls are changing annually. “Over the past two years, there has been a three-month delay in the rainy season and new tender shoots that lemurs consume for nutrition are appearing in January and February - 14 days after the first rain” says Patricia Chapple Wright, a primatologist, anthropologist, and conservationist at Stony Brook University. “Lemurs eat a food source that is very adaptive,” Patricia Wright told PBS News Hour. “It’s able to stand climate change, but the lemurs, unfortunately, can’t adapt quickly to this changed cycle.”
Since baby lemurs are born in November, the delayed rainy season is dangerously affecting the survival of them for lack of nutrition available for both the mothers and offspring. “This is why, for extreme feeding specialists like the greater bamboo lemur, climate change can be an unknowing killer,” J Wright says. “Making the lemurs rely on bamboo stems (茎) for just a bit longer may be enough to tip the balance from existence to extinction.” The lemurs’ highly specialized teeth are also similar to the pandas5 teeth. Both are the mammals able to chew up stems. But this diet can’t last for more than a season or two because the stems can wear away their teeth.
The researchers believe that climate change is affecting the lemurs. The fossil record shows that the lemurs once lived throughout the island. Today, the mammals are cornered on the eastern side, where the dry season at present is the shortest. And if people continue the deforestation practice in the area, the lemurs will have nowhere to go.
The situation is serious, so Wright and her colleagues plan to create bamboo corridors within the rainforests, which will provide available bamboo to eat. They want to work with local villagers to plant more bamboo and manage automatic watering systems when dry seasons last long. They also want to build the local economy by allowing people to harvest a part of bamboo while the rest remains with the lemurs, so people will be interested. Wright’s conservation plans include moving lemurs back to other places on the island as well.
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 most probably mean
A. Go with each other. B. Occur at different times.
C. Lead to a heated discussion. D. Call for effective protection.
2. Why will lemurs get hungry if the dry season continues
A. They may run out of bamboo. B. They can’t adapt to the hot season.
C. They dislike the less delicious stems. D. They can’t chew the stems for a long period.
3. What may be the root cause of the narrowing of lemurs’ living areas
A. The climate change. B. Their teeth protection.
C. The decreasing forest. D. Their special dietary habits.
4. Which of the following may Wright approve of to protect lemurs
A. Shortening the dry season. B. Forbidding the cutting of bamboo.
C. Increasing people’s motivation. D. Finding other islands for lemurs to live on.
(10)
（2023下·浙江温州·高一乐清市知临中学校考期中）There’s been a lot of talk about weird and annoying responses from the Bing chat bot in the last couple of weeks. By contrast, it’s difficult to get a rise out of ChatGPT even if you push it with contrary questions and statements.
ChatGPT refers to itself as an artificial intelligence language model, but there are so many reasons not to describe these statistically based, text autocomplete tools as AI.
Despite the hype (大肆宣传), we must all admit that text and image tools, however amazing they seem in what they generate, do not have any understanding or actual knowledge or awareness of what they are doing. Rather, it uses statistical patterns and correlations to predict the next word in a sentence or generate a response to a given prompt or clue. This is a limitation of current language models and the field of natural language processing in general.
However, it is important to note that language models like ChatGPT are not designed to replicate human-like understanding of language. They are designed to perform specific tasks related to language processing and generation, such as generating coherent and fluent text or answering questions based on a given context. In this sense, they represent a powerful tool for automating language-related tasks and improving our ability to interact with large amounts of textual data.
While there is still much to be learned about the true nature of language understanding and intelligence, language models like ChatGPT represent an important step forward in our ability to process and generate language at scale.
1. How will ChatGPT probably respond if it is asked contradictory questions
A. It gets angry and defensive. B. It feels difficult to give a proper answer.
C. It generates random responses. D. It remains flexible and calm.
2. The main reason why the author doesn’t consider ChatGPT as Al is that ______.
A. it is amazing in what it generates.
B. it uses statistical patterns and correlations.
C. it is unaware of what it is doing.
D. it is not designed to replicate human-like understanding of language.
3. How can a language learner benefit from ChatGPT
A. It can deal with language-related tasks automatically.
B. It can generate responses to given prompts or clues.
C. It can provide the answers you want.
D. It can improve the ability to interact with large amounts of visual data.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. Importance of applying ChatGPT to language learning.
B. Limitations and advantages of AI language models.
C. Whether ChatGPT is real AI as a language model.
D. A new approach to language learning.
(11)
（2023下·湖北武汉·高一武汉市洪山高级中学校联考期中）Mosquitoes can spread a range of potentially life-threatening diseases. Existing methods of controlling the insect can be inefficient. For example, mosquitoes can develop a resistance to insecticides(杀虫剂).
Now, Kevin Gorman at the biotechnology firm Oxitec in Abingdon, UK, and his colleagues have genetically modified (基因改造) males of the mosquito species Aedes aegypti in a way that will greatly cut the insect’s population. Among all mosquito species, only females bite. So the team modified males to create so-called OX5034 mosquitoes. They have a gene that allows young male mosquitoes to live, but prevents the females from surviving into adulthood.
In the peak season for reproducing, OX5034 males were released into four heavily populated places in the city of Indaiatuba in Brazil. Within two of these neighborhoods, 100 modified mosquitoes were released at a time, while the remaining test areas were exposed to up to 500 of the insects at a pared with a nearby community that wasn’t exposed to any of these mosquitoes, the places where the modified insects were released saw an 88 percent to 96 percent decline in their mosquito population.
The researchers particularly focus on controlling dengue-a disease caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes. Globally, the number of dengue cases has grown significantly in the past three decades, with 100 million to 400 million cases now occurring annually. While the study didn’t look at whether suppressing (抑制) the mosquitoes led to a lower rate of dengue, there was evidence of this elsewhere. Similar efforts in Australia saw fewer cases of locally spread dengue compared with previous years. A study also found a 77 percent reduction of dengue in Indonesia after modified mosquitoes were introduced there.
According to Dawn Wesson at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Louisiana, Oxitec’s effort is a step up from previous insect control strategies in which mosquito sexual selection wasn’t done by genetic means. That’s the beauty of this method. As well as dengue, Oxitec is making plans for developing modified mosquitoes to reduce other diseases like malaria, says Nathan Rose at Oxitec.
1. How does Kevin Gorman’s team try to control mosquitoes
A. By decreasing the males’ population. B. By transforming all mosquitoes’ genes.
C. By shortening the females’ life. D. By improving the insecticides’ effect.
2. Which aspect of the research is mainly discussed in paragraph 3
A. The target and site. B. The process and findings.
C. The data and report. D. The preparations and methods.
3. Why are Australia and Indonesia mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To state the potential use of the method. B. To explain the background of the study.
C. To draw attention to the severity of dengue. D. To show the method’s effect on reducing dengue.
4. What may Oxitec work on next
A. Widening the applications of the method. B. Engineering other species of mosquitoes.
C. Exploring better mosquito control strategies. D. Finding cures for mosquito-related diseases.
(12)
（2023下·湖北·高一校联考期中）Engineers from the University at Buffalo, Fudan University in China, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison have come together with funding from the National Science Foundation to produce an efficient and cost-effective device that purifies drinking water using the world’s most abundant power source-the sun.
More than 2, 300 years ago, the philosopher Aristotle described the water cycle. He has explained that water is heated by the sun, evaporates (蒸发) up into the air, condenses (凝结) into drops, and then falls back to the ground, pure and free of pollutants.
Professor Qiaoqiang Gan and the other engineers created a method of purifying water that builds upon Aristotle’s ancient observations. Gan’s team invented a solar water purifier that is a modern version of an evaporative solar still. This device looks like the roof of a tent, with strips of carbon-coated paper covering the top so that the paper strip hangs down on the sides. The ends of the paper strip dip into a water container at the bottom. Gradually, the water in the container is absorbed by the paper. When the black carbon coating on the paper is heated by the sun, the wet paper begins to dry. During evaporation, salt, dirt, bacteria, and other pollutants are trapped in the paper. As the temperature cools, water droplets begin to condense on the surface of the paper. The purified water is collected in a clean container and is ready to drink.
There are a few key advantages of the solar water purifier. First, the device is quick and efficient. The solar still can generate up to 5 gallons of clean water daily, which is enough to provide sufficient drinking water for a family. Furthermore, this solar water purifier is cheaper than other water-purification devices because it is made with inexpensive and widely available materials.
There are also disadvantages in terms of the adaptation to diverse environments on Earth and the building up of salt in the process. Currently, the engineers are working to make their purifier available worldwide. Soon, drinkable water will be purified and accessible where it is needed.
1. Why does the author mention Aristotle and the water cycle in the text
A. To catch readers’ attention and interest.
B. To add more authority to the new invention.
C. To show the history of the solar water purifier.
D. To help illustrate the basic working principles of the invention.
2. What is the main function of the carbon-coated paper
A. To cover the top. B. To collect clean water.
C. To hang down on the sides. D. To absorb water and heat from the sun.
3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. What the researchers have done. B. How the solar water purifier works.
C. What the solar water purifier can do. D. How similar Aristotle’s observation is to the purifier.
4. What might the author think of the future of the solar water purifier
A. Dark. B. Uncertain. C. Promising. D. Unpredictable.
(1)
（2023下·湖北武汉·高一武汉外国语学校（武汉实验外国语学校）校考期中）An Ellenton man just turned 93 years old, and decided it was time for him to go to the beach—for the first time.
Howard Fisher has been living in Florida for 20 years, but never went into the Gulf waters. For his birthday, he finally decided to see what the hype was all about it. On Sunday, he took a trip to Anna Maria Island with the help of his daughter, Sandra.
“I guess he never went to the beach because he wasn’t motivated at the time!” she told FOX 13. “By the time he decided to go, he was 93—and needed my help.”
He told her, “Sandra, isn’t it amusing I have lived here for 20 years and never once went to the ocean. Now, I think I might like to, but I can’t.”
Sandra responded, “Yes, you can, Dad. I will make sure of it.”
Sandra, who lives in Alabama, visited her father for his birthday, and decided to help his beach wish come true. They got a beach wheelchair, which is loaned out to visitors from noon to 4 p.m. every day, she explained, at Anna Maria Island Beach Café. Those wheelchairs are provided by Manatee County.
Sandra had to document the big day. In her photos, Howard is seen with a big smile, as he relaxed and swam in the calm, green waters.
She said he was mesmerized, as he floated on his back, gazed up above him, and took in his surroundings.
“Look, I float just like a cork,” he said. “Isn’t this great Look at that sky and those clouds.”
1. Why did Sandra’s father never go into the Gulf waters
A. Because he was afraid of water. B. Because he was too occupied to go there.
C. Because he couldn’t find anyone to help him. D. Because he had no interest.
2. What did Howard Fisher think of himself never going to the ocean for 20 years
A. Funny. B. Sorrowful. C. Joyful. D. Unimaginable.
3. How did they get the beach wheelchair
A. They bought one. B. They borrowed one.
C. Visitors lent one to them. D. Manatee County made one for them.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A Daughter Took Her 93-year-old Father to Swim in the Sea
B. A Daughter Gave Her Father a Big Surprise for His 93rd Birthday
C. A 93-year-old Man from Florida Went to Beach for the First Time
D. A 93-year-old Man from Florida Regretted Not Having Swum in the Sea
(2)
（2023下·湖北·高一华中师大一附中校考期中）I am standing next to a five-year old girl in Pormpuraaw, a small Aboriginal (土著的) community in northern Australia. When I ask her to point north, she points precisely and without hesitation. My compass says she is right. Later, back in a lecture hall at Stanford University, I make the same request of an audience of excellent professors. Many refuse; they do not know the answer.
A five-year-old in one culture can do something with ease that great scientists in other cultures struggle with. This is a big difference in cognitive (认知的) ability. What could explain it The surprising answer, it turns out, may be language.
Around the world people communicate with one another using a variety of languages— 7,000 or so all told— and each language requires very different things from its speakers. For example, suppose I want to tell you that I saw Uncle Vanya on 42nd Street. In Mian, a language spoken in Papua New Guinea, the verb I used would reveal whether the event happened just now, yesterday or in the distant past, whereas in Indonesia, the verb wouldn’t even give away whether it had already happened or was still coming up. In Russian, the verb would reveal my gender.
Research in my lab and in many others has been uncovering how language shapes even the most basic concept of human experience: space, time, and relationships to others. Unlike English, the language spoken in Pormpuraaw does not use relative spatial terms such as left and right. Rather speakers talk in terms of absolute directions. Of course, in English we also use direction terms but only for large spatial scales (标度). We would not say, for example, “They set the salad forks southeast of the dinner forks!” But in Pormpuraaw, absolute directions are used at all scales. This means one ends up saying things like “the cup is southeast of the plate” or “the boy standing to the south of Mary is my brother.”
1. How does the author mainly explain the role language plays in the different cognition
A. By giving numbers. B. By making comparisons.
C. By describing personal experiences. D. By presenting different viewpoints.
2. What contributes to the girl’s success in pointing the direction
A. Her training in Stanford University. B. The challenge from professors.
C. The language she speaks. D. The English culture she absorbs.
3. What can be shown from the verb used in the language Mian
A. The time. B. The gender. C. The space. D. The event.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the language spoken in Pormpuraaw
A. Favorable. B. Cautious. C. Negative. D. Objective.
(3)
（2023下·湖北·高一荆州中学校联考期中）Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes (路线) from west to east. However, businessmen and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
In ancient times, silk from China found its way over land to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. But another trading route across the sea was also formed along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centered around Ceylon. Here, businessmen from China and many other places met to exchange goods.
Later, the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets (舰队) sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. Under the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for silk, and spices. Although China stopped further expeditions (远征) after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active for centuries.
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议). The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the relations between China and the rest of the world. China has poured billions of money in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects. In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
1. What do we know about the ancient sea routes
A. The Silk Road existed longer than the sea routes.
B. It was Columbus who first explored the sea routes.
C. Businessmen travelled along the sea route for their king.
D. The sea route was extended along the Indian Ocean coasts.
2. What can be inferred about China’s expeditions in the Ming Dynasty
A. They were stopped for economic reasons. B. They were considered to be a waste of money.
C. They also had an influence on the world trade. D. Seven large fleets set sail from the East China Sea.
3. What’s the goal of China’s Belt and Road Initiative
A. To satisfy people’s strong desire and need.
B. To promote trade and develop friendships.
C. To understand the climate change and its effects.
D. To improve the system and service along the routes.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The Belt and Road Initiative. B. The history of Silk Road.
C. Brave businessmen and explorers. D. China’s exploration across the sea.
(4)
（2023下·浙江宁波·高一慈溪市浒山中学校联考期中）Experts believe the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Actually the task is easily done with parents reading or talking to their babies. However, that is impossible when kids are born deaf.
In that case, parents either have to quickly become adept at sign language or risk the child facing learning delays in the future. Now, a lovely blue-eyed robot, a human avatar (用户头像), and some high-tech neuroscience (神经科学) may help parents with this important developmental task.
The Robot Avatar Thermal-Enhanced system, or RAVE, is the creation of a team led by Petitto, a scientist at Gallaudet University. The learning begins when the robot’s thermal (热力的) camera, which is focused on the baby’s face, senses small changes in his body temperature, which is associated with awareness. This, combined with the baby’s facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby’s attention to a computer screen.
Here, a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby much like a parent would. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar might respond, “Are you pointing to me ” and follow that up with a fairy tale, or some necessary social communication, all in sign language. The “conversation” continues until the kid loses interest.
The team, who have been testing the system for three years, found that babies began to move their hands in a way similar to sign language after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, starts the same parts of the brain and believes the movement proves the babies are learning the key parts of communication.
1. What does the underlined word “adept” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Nervous. B. Skillful. C. Sensitive. D. Astonished.
2. Who might benefit most from the blue-eyed robot mentioned in the text
A. A kid born with hearing problems. B. A kid who enjoys robot toys.
C. A kid fond of medical science. D. A kid with a gift for language skills.
3. What is the purpose of the example in paragraph 4
A. To show how a human avatar works. B. To stress the importance of sign language.
C. To explain a human avatar’s weakness. D. To encourage parents to talk to their babies more.
4. What does Petitto think of the RAVE
A. It is easily designed. B. It falls short of her expectations.
C. It is effective in a way. D. It helps deaf babies hear the world.
(5)
（2023下·浙江杭州·高一学军中学校考期中）“I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up at us, cats look down on us, but pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear. But he, too, surely saw something in them that was lacking in other domestic beasts, for it was they who ended up running the show in novel Animal Farm. Pigs, then, are intelligent social creatures.
And, like all animals, they sometimes fight. A study just published in Animal Cognition by Ivan Norscia, a biological anthropologist at the University of Turin, in Italy, and his colleagues, looked at how a group of 104 domestic pigs went about resolving such incidents. In total, Dr. Norscia and his team studied the details of 216 pig conflicts over the course of six months.
Some pigs tend to be attackers; others tend to be victims. Who is what depends largely on weight, for, among pigs pounds mean power. The attacker might bite, kick, bump or lift the victim (or string together a sequence of those actions). Most conflicts ended in seconds, but some lasted a minute or two.
In most animal species that would be that. However, many of the pig conflicts Dr. Norscia observed had interested parties beyond the protagonists (主角). He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in resolving fights —and what this says about pigs’ cognitive (认知) abilities.
Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to intervene during the heat of a conflict (though this did occur), he and his colleagues looked at what happened in the three minutes directly following an aggressive interaction. Sometimes, they found, the protagonists made up on their own —for instance, by touching noses.
On other occasions, though, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this bystander acted as a peacemaker, engaging with the attacker and reducing the number of subsequent attacks compared with what might otherwise have been expected. Sometimes, by contrast, the bystander engaged with the victim. This appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior such as shaking and scratching.
1. Why does the author mention Winston Churchill in the first paragraph
A. To prove pigs are clever. B. To show pigs are inspirational.
C. To state Churchill loves pigs. D. To introduce the topic of the text.
2. What probably decides on the pigs’ roles in pig conflict
A. Their ages. B. Their weight. C. Their safety needs. D. Their cognitive abilities.
3. Why did Ivan Norscia and his colleagues conduct the study
A. To comprehend the role of bystanders in conflict resolution.
B. To figure out the relationship between pigs.
C. To record the details of 216 pig conflicts.
D. To find out the reason for pigs’ conflicts.
4. How will the bystander interact with the victim after a fight
A. By shaking it. B. By touching its nose.
C. By scratching its back. D. By offering comfort to it.
(6)
（2023下·广东惠州·高一惠州一中校考期中）The Piraha are a primitive Amazonian tribe (部落) of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture well-preserved, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Piraha, who communicate mainly through sounds and whistles, have fascinated scientists for years, mainly because they have almost no words for numbers. They use only three words to count one, two, and many.
We know about the Piraha thanks to Professor Dan Everelt, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everelt discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colors, without clauses and without a past tense. Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just 11 speech sounds; for the women, it has only 10, the smallest number of speech sounds in the world. The language sounds more like humming than speech. The Piraha can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.
Their culture is similarly constrained. The Piraha can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980 Everelt tried to teach them to count, he explained basic counting skills to an enthusiastic group fond of learning them to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one was beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everelt’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t understand the concept of number.
The Piraha’s inability to count is important because it seems to disprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural ability for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract (抽象的) concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s workmates has recently gone on an expedition (远征) to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Piraha have persuaded him to change his theory.
1. What’s the Piraha’s major attraction to researchers
A. A well-preserved lifestyle. B. A small existing population.
C. A unique communicative way. D. An extremely simple counting system.
2. What can we learn about the Piraha according to Everelt’ s findings
A. They use few speech sounds. B. Women speak less than men.
C. Their grammar is complicated. D. They communicate only by whistling.
3. What does the underlined word “constrained” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Strange. B. Attractive. C. Limited. D. Respectable.
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Findings about the Piraha help us know more about human mind.
B. The Piraha’s inability to count challenges an existing theory of grammar.
C. A researcher is making an exploration to study the Piraha’s counting ability.
D. Languages have a similar structure so we can understand abstract concepts.
(7)
（2023下·广东深圳·高一明德学校校考期中）A growing number of experts believe language can influence how we think just as our thoughts and culture can shape how language develops. One instance is that language appears to have a fascinating effect on the way we think about time.
Scientists who believe in this have shown that English speakers typically view time as travelling from left to right, most likely in line with the way the English language is written. However, Hebrew speakers, who read and write from right to left picture time as following the same path as their text.
Languages also encode(编码) time in grammar. In English for example, the future is one of three simple tenses, along with the past and the present-we say “it rained”, “it rains and “it will rain”. But in German, you can say Morgen regnet, meaning “it rains tomorrow” The same is true for many other languages including Chinese.
But does this affect how we think Keith Chen set out to test whether people who speak “futureless” languages might feel closer to the future than those speaking other languages. He discovered that speakers of futureless languages were more likely to engage in future focused activities. They were 31% more likely to have put money into savings and collected 39% more wealth by retirement. They were also 24% less likely to smoke, 29% more likely to be physically active, and 13% less likely to be medically obese(肥胖的). This result held even when controlling for factors such as socioeconomic status and religion. In fact, countries with futureless languages on average 5% more of their GDP per year.
It is becoming increasingly clear that language is influencing how we think about the world and our passage through it. This is not to say that any one language is “better” than another, but being aware of how languages differ helps you think and communicate better. And while learning a new language won’t necessarily make you a genius we can all gain a fresh viewpoint and more flexible understanding of the world through it.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. A comparison of different writing styles. B. A significant study on the direction of time.
C. The special reading habit of Hebrew speakers. D. The effect of writing systems on views of time.
2. What can we learn from Keith Chen’s experiment
A. German people mostly live at present. B. Chinese people tend to plan for the future.
C. Futureless languages bring increased profits. D. Languages with future tenses call for change.
3. What might the author suggest people do
A. Use foreign languages frequently. B. Choose among languages flexibly.
C. Be careful with futureless languages. D. Pay attention to language differences.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Language Reflects the Local Culture B. Language Affects Our Sense of Time
C. The Benefits of Learning a New Language D. The Relation between language and thought
(8)
（2023下·广东揭阳·高一普宁市华侨中学校考期中）After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started eyeing the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing.
Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, stand-alone rooms for a person to use, often set up near living communities.
Every four-square-meter room is equipped with a treadmill (跑步机), an air cleaner, a mirror, a television and an air conditioner, and users can let down the curtains for privacy. When exercising, users can listen to music, watch movies and check emails by connecting to the Internet by the screen fixed on the treadmill. There’s no shower or washbasin.
Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by smartphone application, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code for use. A refundable deposit (保证金) of 99 yuan is required, and users are charged 1 yuan every 5 minutes.
The shared gym rooms are created by Misspao, a Beijing-based technology company founded in July. Within several months since it was founded, the company has already raised over 100 million yuan, Yicai Global reports. The idea of the shared fitness experience is not entirely nascent. Last December, the Shanghai-based technology company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings.
The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China. According to Yicai Global, confident investors are pouring millions into sharing start-ups. In March, the State Information Center published a report which predicts that the total value of China’s sharing economy will see a yearly growth of 40% in the coming years, and it is expected to make a great contribution to the country’s GDP.
1. What makes the shared gym room different from the common one
A. Holding one person at a time. B. Standing in the living zone.
C. Offering open spaces. D. Having some advanced equipment.
2. What do people need to do to use the shared gym room
A. Let down curtains for privacy. B. Pay 100 yuan first.
C. Use a smartphone. D. Have a shower before exercise.
3. What does the underlined word “nascent” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Simple. B. Popular. C. Satisfying. D. New.
4. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To advertise a technology company. B. To introduce shared gym rooms.
C. To support the shared gym rooms. D. To predict the future of shared gym rooms.
(9)
（2023下·广东深圳·高一深圳中学校考期中）Artificial cloud technology could soon be used in the fight against environmental damage. Researchers in Australia have used machines to spray salt water into the air, and noted that the reflective qualities of these artificial clouds helped protect the Great Barrier Reef from sun bleaching (漂白).
The so-called cloud brightening project works by thickening existing clouds and reducing sunlight exposure to protect the reef. No artificial chemicals make it into the clouds in the sky. When water droplets steam, they leave only small salt crystals that float up into the atmosphere. This provides a larger surface area for water vapor to be liquids around them, forming thicker clouds.
The past two years have seen uncommon forest fires and droughts triggered by the climate change emergency, meaning that widespread use of this technique may become more commonplace if carbon emissions are not checked.
Drones, unmanned flying vehicles, have also entered the cloud controlling picture, used in the United Arab Emirates, a country desperately in need of more rainfall, to deliver electrical shocks to clouds in order to facilitate rainfall. Zapping (击打) clouds to produce a positive or negative charge within clouds can cause water droplets to form together. The greater the charge, the larger the droplets, which is vital for ensuring that as much rain as possible reaches the surface before steam gives off all the hard-won moisture (水分).
Even if one waves aside climate change, global waterfall shortages are still an increasing concern, given the planet’s booming population. More people means more mouths to feed, and the demand for water in agriculture for animals and crops further increases urgency for cloud controlling technology. An increase in rain also leads to positive economic growth in many countries, as large harvests stabilize financial systems and living standards in all climates.
Increasingly, scientists are looking to our skies in providing solutions to protect our environment. Cloud controlling technologies have promise. However, for this field of science to become practical economically, more research needs to be done in making this process a practicable option in protecting our environment.
1. How does the cloud brightening project work
A. By creating more water vapor which later becomes liquids.
B. By spraying chemicals and small salt crystals into the atmosphere.
C. By expanding the water vapor arca and blocking more sunlight.
D. By steaming water droplets to provide a larger surface area.
2. What do we know about drones from paragraph 4
A. They spread larger water droplets. B. They charge clouds to promote rain.
C. They will be popularized in dry years. D. They control the movements of clouds.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Problems of overpopulation. B. Solutions to waterfall shortage.
C. Urgency of economic development. D. Additional benefit of cloud technology.
4. Which aspect does the author think should be improved
A. High cost. B. Research method. C. Environmental impact. D. Complicated process.
(10)
（2023下·湖北武汉·高一武汉市第四十九中学校联考期中）Staff at the Thai Dynasty restaurant in Singapore never thought they’d receive such a huge tip during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), when economic condition seemed hard, let alone one as big as $600. But believe it or not, they did.
What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. No, it was Jesse, a food delivery rider who came by to pick up an online order.
Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up. Along with the tip, he also left a heartfelt written note.
“Hello! I am writing to you all because I am very happy with your food and friendly customer service,” the note starts. “I want to say that your food is really delicious. You know, every day when I’m working, I see you all working so hard, which makes me feel proud of you all. Working is not easy, and I understand that because I am also working. Therefore, I want to thank you all for the good food and I want to help you all. Here inside is $600, for all of you. Share it among yourselves. Thank you once again!”
Speaking to Shin Min Daily, Thai Dynasty director Jason Pay said he never expected such a thing from a delivery rider, despite Jesse being a familiar face. “Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by,” Pay said.
Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order. But seeing the hard work that the delivery rider highlighted in his staff, Pay decided to reward them the next day with pizza and other dishes for lunch.
1. What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to
A. An order. B. A note. C. The delivery. D. The tip.
2. What did the staff do to show their appreciation
A. They treated the rider with delicious pizza and other dishes.
B. They helped the delivery rider get more orders.
C. They gave back the tip to the delivery rider.
D. They told the story to the newspaper.
3. What impressed Jesse most about the restaurant
A. The familiar faces. B. The positive working attitude.
C. The generous customers. D. The delicious food.
4. Which saying can best describe the text
A. Experience must be bought. B. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
C. A hero is known in the time of misfortune. D. Everyone’s love will make the world a better place.
(11)
（2023下·广东深圳·高一深圳市高级中学校考期中）A new study has found that a child’s reading speed can be improved by simply increasing the space between letters within a piece of text. The research, led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), examined the benefits of letter spacing and coloured overlays (颜色标注) among children.
Two groups of children, dyslexic (有阅读障碍的) and non-dyslexic children, were asked to read four texts with either standard or extra-large letter spacing, both with and without a coloured overlay. They were instructed to read the text out loud while being recorded. The recording was used to measure the number of errors they made — specifically missed words, added words, wrong words, and pronunciation — as well as the participants’ reading time.
The study discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups. On average, the dyslexia group showed a 13% increase in reading speed, while the group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5% increase. In addition to improving reading speed, it also resulted in a significant decline in the number of words missed by the children with dyslexia. However, the study found that coloured overlays had no significant impact on reading speed or the reduction of errors for either group.
Dr Stagg, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at ARU, said, “We believe extra-large letter spacing works by reducing what is known as the ‘crowding effect’, which can hamper the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.”
“Our findings strongly suggest that teachers can be confident that all children would be helped by increased letter spacing in reading materials.” Dr Stagg added. While we found that coloured overlays provided little benefit, we suggest children should be encouraged to use overlays if they find these help their reading. Coloured overlays may not increase reading speeds, but they may extend reading stamina (持久力). Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10 minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put coloured overlays at a disadvantage.
1. Which of the following bes
