高中英语高考题型天天练（13）（35分钟，含解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语高考题型天天练（十三）
（时间：35分钟）
一、阅读理解
A
I’ve been wondering how kids themselves, especially young ones, define(定义) play. It turns out that there have been quite a few research studies in which young children are asked in various ways to distinguish between play and not play. In a review of 12 such studies, Natasha Goodhall and Cathy Atkinson (2019) concluded that even very young children have a rather clear idea of the difference between play and non-play. Most important for the present discussion, a key characteristic of play for children is that it is chosen and directed by the children themselves.
As one example of such a study, Justine Howard and her colleagues (2006) showed children pictures of other kids involved in various activities and asked them to judge each as “play” or “not play.” It turned out that the most reliable indicator for the children was the presence or absence of an adult. If an adult (generally seen to be a teacher) was present, the activity was most often judged as “not play,” even if the children looked happy and involved. Children were also more likely to judge an activity as play if there was more than one child involved than if a single child was doing something alone.
Howard and her colleagues (2006) also reviewed previous research on children’s understanding of play and concluded that, all in all, children consider an activity to be play if it (a) is controlled by the children, (b) is enjoyable, (c) has no preset goal, and (d) involves pretense. Yay! This list matches reasonably well with the list I generated based on the work of other play researchers and my own observations. I’m apparently not too far off the mark.
Unfortunately, many education specialists who have heard that play is good for children’s learning don’t understand what play is. They develop “play-based learning” programs that go against the first characteristic of play because they are chosen and set up by the teacher and are more-or-less forced upon the children rather than freely chosen by them. Once the first characteristic is destroyed, the others are also generally destroyed.
I think it is hard for teachers to provide much real play for children, because that means giving up control. Moreover, stepping back and letting the children do their own thing may look like laziness or negligence(疏忽) to adult observers.
1. Which of the following is more likely to be regarded as play by children
A. Activities filled with joys and sorrows. B. Activities directed by children themselves.
C. Activities with the company of their parents. D. Activities set up and monitored by a teacher.
2. What does the underlined sentence “I’m apparently not too far off the mark” in Para 3 mean
A. I am opposed to the mark. B. I am in the wrong direction.
C. My finding is close to the truth. D. My mark is beyond imagination.
3. What is the problem with “play-based learning” programs
A. Children can not choose them freely. B. The benefits of the programs are ignored.
C. Not all the children are involved in the activities.
D. What children do goes against the rules of the games.
4. What does the text mainly talk about
A. How children define play. B. How specialists design play-based learning.
C. Why play matters for children. D. Why play-based learning is important to children.
B
On Tuesday, organizers of the Pritzker Prize, often known as the “Nobel of architecture,” revealed Kéré as its 2022 winner.
The first African architect to claim the award in its 43-year history, Kéré made the achievement largely involving schools, health centers and community facilities—projects that might once have been considered too modest for a prize that has historically honored the designers of iconic buildings. Speaking to CNN shortly after hearing the news, he credited his success to his community in Gando.
“This is not just a prize for myself,” he said on the phone from Berlin. “Without having the courage to go back home Gando, and to get my people to join me on the journey to build the school that began my career, this would never have been possible.”
Casting mud like concrete (混凝土) and preferring local materials to imported ones, Kéré proposes a vision of architecture that both strengthens communities and responds to the climate crisis. As such, the Pritzker Prize announcement is not only a nod of acceptance for him, but for “vernacular” architecture—a term used to describe designs that directly respond to local climates, materials and building traditions.
Though Kéré has since designed bigger projects, his approach remains grounded in his belief established in Gando. Knowing the village had no access to electricity or air conditioning, he proposed strategically placing windows that allow indirect sunlight to enter while generating airflow that serves as natural ventilation (通风).
But despite working closely with local craftspeople (工匠), Kéré said he faced disagreement with his choice of materials. The use of traditional clay bricks, which offer natural cooling, was not entirely welcomed by villagers, who thought the structure would not resist the rainy season as well as glass and steel.
“There is still a feeling that everything that’s local is primitive (原始的),” he said. “Let’s say 90% of people in Gando use clay, but they see it as a ‘poor person’s material.’ So, when they have more money to spend, they try to look for other materials.”
“The more local materials you use, the better you can promote the local economy and build local knowledge, which also makes people proud,” Kéré added.
5. What can we learn about the Pritzker Prize
A. It was founded in 1943. B. Its first winner is an African.
C. Its aim is to encourage modest works. D. It usually favors iconic buildings.
6. What is special about Kéré’s design
A. Breaking with traditions. B. Applying imported material.
C. Making full use of local materials. D. Generating electricity from the sun.
7. What challenge did Kéré meet
A. The villagers preferred modern materials. B.The villagers were short of steel and glass.
C. The local materials couldn’t resist the heat.
D. The local materials were not environmentally friendly.
8. What’s the main idea of the text
A. Local materials promoted local economy.
B. An African architect won the 2022 Pritzker Prize.
C. Kéré’s design became the fashion trend of architecture.
D. Kéré and his community worked together to cope with climate crisis.
二、七选五
As digital devices have taken over society“keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute(替代物) for early handwriting, a new study notes. ____9____.
“Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study’s leader, who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. ____10____. The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes. She believes that young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time learn to manage a keyboard.
____11____. Her new findings prove this. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity, “gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on,” she explains.
Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter. ____12____. And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of these use and connect more areas of the brain.
Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning”, says Vander Meer. ____13____. She expresses her worries.
Vander Meer also points out that taking notes by hand stimulates “visual note-taking”. Rather than typing blindly, the visual note-taker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be “interlinked (互连的) by boxes, and arrows, and supplemented by small drawings”.
A. Young kids should learn several basic drawing skills.
B. It is believed that typing may be easier for young children.
C. Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard.
D. It has to be done by hand, not necessarily typing on a keyboard.
E. So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful.
F. She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors
G. It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing.
三、完形填空
At thirteen years old, I was like any other kid. However, inside I had a secret that made me feel ____14____. I was diagnosed with ADD(注意力缺陷症), which means I’m pretty bright, ____15____ . I’m also learning disabled.
In middle school, I ____16____ Language Arts with Mrs. Smith, who was ____17____ with us. When I told her that I have ADD and asked her if I might be able to use my word processor(处理器)at home to do written ____18____, she gave me a questioning look and said, “You are ____19____ different from anyone else, young man.” She ____20____, “I will not give you an unfair advantage over your peers!” The ____21____ was that my each paper came back decorated by Mrs. Smith’s red X’s(红叉).
One day, after she had handed me back my fifth X’s paper of the term, I ____22____ her desk for the second time. However, she responded immediately, “It’s against school policy, young man. No unfair advantages.” So I had no choice but to prove to her or rather prove to myself, that I could do the work under the right ____23____. I secretly unfolded the assignment on my bed that night. The story, which had seemed so ____24____ in class, became quite clear to me. With my word processor, my thoughts ____25____ so fast that my fingers danced across the keyboard, explaining myself in hopes that Mrs. Smith would finally ____26____ me. The next day, as my eyes focused on the white page, I found an A ____27____ the paper instead of X. Underneath were her neatly red-penned words. “See what you can do when you ____28____ the boundaries of your limit ”
14. A. happy B. proud C. different D. dynamic
15. A. and B. so C. as D. yet
16. A. quit B. gave C. made D. took
17. A. strict B. bored C. satisfied D. angry
18. A. assignments B. assessments C. translations D. examinations
19. A. rarely B. literally C. really D. completely
20. A. argued B. added C. reported D. replied
21. A. promise B. dream C. result D. cause
22. A. found B. left C. passed D. approached
23. A. leadership B. conditions C. guidance D. directions
24. A. appealing B. confusing C. promising D. boring
25. A. let out B. left out C. poured out D. found out
26. A. forget B. understand C. thank D. forgive
27. A. decorating B. deciding C. describing D. distributing
28. A. decrease B. draw C. pull D. push
四、语法填空
With about half of the vast country covered in wilderness, China is the world’s third most species-rich country. Therefore, China’s ______29______(achieve) in biodiversity conservation and wilderness protection are important to the future of global biodiversity conservation.
The vital biodiversity, ______30_____(combine) with a large population, has led the government to reconsider its protected area system and transform some wilderness areas such as the rainforest in Hainan ____31______formal national parks. The new national park system will make it more practical _____32_______(preserve) habitats and species. The aim is to preserve biodiversity and ensure a ______33______(harmony) relation between humans and nature.
The national parks cross China’s vast ecosystems from the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south _____34______the Hainan gibbon—a critically endangered species lives, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Wuyi Mountain National Park to the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Platau —_______35_____source of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River. The diversity of species and habitats under protection ____36______(reflect) in these parks’ names.
The national parks are open to all. Visitors can make reservations online in advance _____37_____book on the spot. They should acquire a little local knowledge to get 1____38______ (they) ready for the amazing trip and maximize their enjoyment.
【附：解析】
一、阅读理解
【A篇】
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自我。文章主要介绍孩子如何定义玩耍。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most important for the present discussion, a key characteristic of play for children is that it is chosen and directed by the children themselves.(对于目前的讨论来说，最重要的是，儿童玩耍的一个关键特征是，它是由儿童自己选择和指导的)”可知，孩子认为玩耍是由自己选择和指导的。
2. C 词句猜测题。根据第三段中画线句上文“This list matches reasonably well with the list I generated based on the work of other play researchers and my own observations.(这个列表与我根据其他游戏研究人员的工作和我自己的观察得出的列表相当吻合)”可知，作者得出的结论和列表相当吻合，由此可推知，画线句“很明显我说的并不是太离谱”意为“我的发现接近于事实”。
3. A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“They develop ‘play-based learning’ programs that go against the first characteristic of play because they are chosen and set up by the teacher and are more-or-less forced upon the children rather than freely chosen by them.(他们开发了‘以玩耍为基础的学习’项目，这与游戏的第一个特征背道而驰，因为这些项目是由老师选择和设置的，或多或少是强迫孩子们的，而不是由他们自由选择的)”可知，“以玩耍为基础的学习”的问题在于这些项目是由老师选择和设置的，孩子不能自由选择。
4. A 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合文章首句“I’ve been wondering how kids themselves, especially young ones, define(定义) play.(我一直在想孩子们，尤其是小孩子，是如何定义玩耍的)”可知，文章主要介绍孩子如何定义玩耍。
【B篇】
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是新闻报道，主题语境为人与社会。文章主要介绍了一位非洲建筑师Kéré获得了2022年普利兹克奖，并介绍了Kéré的建筑风格。
5. D 推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“The first African architect to claim the award in its 43-year history, Kéré made the achievement largely involving schools, health centers and community facilities—projects that might once have been considered too modest for a prize that has historically honored the designers of iconic buildings.”（作为43年历史上第一位获得该奖项的非洲建筑师，Kéré取得了这一成就，主要涉及学校、医疗中心和社区设施项目，这些项目可能一度被认为过于朴素，无法获得历史上授予标志性建筑设计师的奖项。）可知，普利兹克奖通常授予标志性建筑的设计师，由此可知，普利兹克奖通常青睐标志性建筑。
6. C 细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Casting mud like concrete (混凝土) and preferring local materials to imported ones, Kéré proposes a vision of architecture that both strengthens communities and responds to the climate crisis.”（浇筑泥状混凝土，首选当地材料而非进口材料，Kéré提出了一种既能加强社区又能应对气候危机的建筑愿景。）可知，Kéré设计的建筑首选当地材料而非进口材料，由此可知，Kéré的设计的特别之处在于充分利用当地材料。
7. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容“But despite working closely with local craftspeople (工匠), Kéré said he faced disagreement with his choice of materials. The use of traditional clay bricks, which offer natural cooling, was not entirely welcomed by villagers, who thought the structure would not resist the rainy season as well as glass and steel.”（但尽管与当地工匠密切合作，Kéré表示，当地人和他对材料的选择仍存在分歧。村民们并不完全欢迎使用传统的粘土砖来提供自然冷却，他们认为这种建筑不能像玻璃和钢铁一样抵御雨季。）可知，Kéré和当地人对材料的选择存在分歧，村民们更喜欢像玻璃和钢铁一样的现代材料，不完全欢迎使用传统的粘土砖，由此可知，Kéré遇到的挑战是村民们更喜欢现代材料。故选A项。
8. B 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“On Tuesday, organizers of the Pritzker Prize, often known as the “Nobel of architecture,” revealed Kéré as its 2022 winner.”（周二，通常被称为“建筑诺贝尔奖”的普利兹克奖的组织者宣布Kéré为其2022年的获奖者。）可知，文章主要介绍了一位非洲建筑师Kéré获得了2022年普利兹克奖，并介绍了Kéré的建筑风格，“An African architect won the 2022 Pritzker Prize.”意为“一位非洲建筑师获得2022年普利兹克奖。”选项能够表达文章主要内容。
二、七选五
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。本篇介绍了关于无纸化学习的危害，相比于传统纸质手写的学习，其对儿童具有一定危害，研究人员呼吁要将两种学习模式结合。
9. B 根据上文“As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute(替代物) for early handwriting, a new study notes. (一项新的研究指出，随着数字设备接管社会，“键盘活动”现在经常被推荐作为早期手写的替代品)”并结合第二段首句“Some schools in Norway have become completely digital(挪威的一些学校已经完全数字化)”推知，空处指出很多人认为打字比手写更容易，才能引出下文内容。B项“It is believed that typing may be easier for young children.(人们认为打字对小孩更容易)”符合题意，承上启下。
10. F 根据上文““Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study’s leader, who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.(“挪威的一些学校已经完全数字化，”这项新研究的负责人奥德丽·范德米尔指出，她在特隆赫姆的挪威科技大学工作)”和下文“The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes.(她指出，人类的大脑已经发展成以尽可能多的方式与世界互动)”可知，上文提到了一位科学家和她的观点，后文开始说一些研究结论，比如人脑的机制等。由此推知，空处应该涉及到一些研究过程。F项“She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors(她测量大脑活动以更好地理解学习和行为)”符合题意，提到了这位科学家对人脑活动进行了估算。
11. C 下文“Her new findings prove this. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain.(她的新发现证明了这一点。这是因为书写和印刷涉及复杂的运动，这些运动会激活大脑的更多区域)”指出手写和打字都涉及到多方面大脑活动，意在强调前者的重要性不亚于后者。C项“Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard.(使用钢笔比使用键盘需要更多的大脑)”符合题意。
12. G 根据上文“By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter. (相比之下，当我们写作时，我们大脑需要思考和恢复每个字母的记忆)”和下文“And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of these use and connect more areas of the brain.(我们需要控制我们的手来按压笔或铅笔来塑造不同的字母。所有这些都使用并连接了大脑的更多区域)”可知，上文提到人们在手写时大脑的活动，下文提到了需要手来控制写字的大小形状等。由此推知，空处话题应与上下文一致。G项“It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing.(我们也有必要用眼睛观察我们正在书写的形状)”符合题意，also表明与上文的并列关系。
13. E 根据下文“She expresses her worries.(她表达了她的担忧)”推知，空处内容是关于数字化的危害。E项“So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful.(因此，只通过一种形式的数字学习可能是有害的)”符合题意。
三、完形填空
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与自我。这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有多动症，但是史密斯太太不接受作者认为自己和他人不同的说法，总是给作业打上红叉。最终作者通过自己的方式证明了自己。
14. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我内心有一个秘密，让我感觉不一样。A. happy快乐的；B. proud自豪的；C. different不同的；D. dynamic动态的。呼应后文“different from anyone else”指感觉不一样。
15. D 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我被诊断为多动症，这意味着我很聪明，但我也有学习障碍。A. and并且；B. so所以；C. as因为；D. yet但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用yet。
16. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中学，我和史密斯夫人一起上语言艺术课，她对我们很严格。A. quit停止；B. gave给予；C. made制作；D. took带走；学习，选修（课程）。根据后文“Language Arts with Mrs. Smith”指上课应用动词take。
17. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中学，我和史密斯夫人一起上语言艺术课，她对我们很严格。A. strict严格的；B. bored厌倦的；C. satisfied满足的；D. angry生气的。根据后文“she gave me a questioning look and said”可知，史密斯夫人很严格。
18. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉她我有注意力缺陷多动症，并问她我是否可以在家用我的文字处理机做书面作业时，她疑惑地看了我一眼，说：“年轻人，你和其他人没什么不同。”A. assignments作业；B. assessments评价；C. translations翻译；D. examinations检查。根据后文“unfolded the assignment”可知，这里指用文字处理机做书面作业。
19. A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉她我有注意力缺陷多动症，并问她我是否可以在家用我的文字处理机做书面作业时，她疑惑地看了我一眼，说：“年轻人，你和其他人没什么不同。”A. rarely很少；几乎不；B. literally字面上；C. really真正地；D. completely完全地。根据后文“I will not give you an unfair advantage over your peers!(我不会让你比你的同龄人拥有不公平的优势！)”可知，老师说作者和其他人几乎没有什么不同。
20. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，“我不会让你比同龄人拥有不公平的优势!”A. argued 争论；B. added增加，补充；C. reported报告；D. replied回答。后文“I will not give you an unfair advantage over your peers!(我不会让你比你的同龄人拥有不公平的优势！)”是老师补充说的话。
21. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果，我的每一篇文章都被史密斯夫人用红叉标记了回来。A. promised承诺；B. dream梦想；C. result结果；D. cause原因。根据后文“was that my each paper came back decorated by Mrs. Smith’s red X’s”可知，作者交作业的结果是每一篇文章都被史密斯夫人用红叉标记了回来。
22. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她把我本学期的第五次红叉试卷还给我后，我第二次走到她的桌前。A. found找到；B. left离开；C. passed通过；D. approached靠近。根据后文“her desk”指走近桌前。
23. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我别无选择，只能向她证明，或者更确切地说，向我自己证明，在合适的条件下，我可以做这项工作。A. leadership领导；B. conditions条件；C. guidance指导；D. directions方向。根据上文“I could do the work under the right”可知，作者在合适的条件下，可以做这项工作。
24. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个故事在课堂上似乎很混乱，但现在我理解这个故事了。A. appealing吸引人的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. promising有前途的；D. boring无聊的。根据后文“became quite clear to me”可知，这个故事在课堂上似乎很混乱，但是作者现在理解这个故事了。
25. C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：用我的文字处理机，我的思绪倾泻而出，我的手指在键盘上跳来跳去，我在解释我自己，希望史密斯太太最终能理解我。A. let out放出；B. left out忽视；C. poured out倒出；D. found out找出。根据后文“so fast that my fingers danced across the keyboard”可知，作者的思绪倾泻而出。
26. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我的文字处理机，我的思绪倾泻而出，我的手指在键盘上跳来跳去，我在解释我自己，希望史密斯太太最终能理解我。A. forget忘记；B. understand理解；C. thank感谢；D. forgive原谅。根据上文“explaining myself in hopes that Mrs. Smith would finally”可知，作者解释自己，希望史密斯太太最后能理解自己。
27. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，当我的眼睛盯着白色的纸时，我发现纸上装饰的不是X，而是A。A. decorating装饰；B. deciding决定；C. describing描述；D. distributing分配。根据后文“the paper instead of X”指作者的作业得了A，即有A“装饰”。
28. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“看看当你挑战自己的极限时，你能做什么？”A. decrease减少；B. draw画画；C. pull拉；D. push推。根据后文“the boundaries of your limit”指挑战极限，应用push the boundaries。
四、语法填空
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自然。主要介绍了中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具有重要意义。政府重新考虑其保护区体系，并将一些荒野地区，如海南的热带雨林，转变为正式的国家公园，新的国家公园系统将使保护栖息地和物种更加实际。
29. achievements 考查名词。句意：因此，中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具有重要意义。设空处在句中作主语，根据谓语动词are，可知句子的主语应为复数的形式。
bined 考查非谓语动词。句意：至关重要的生物多样性，加上庞大的人口，促使政府重新考虑其保护区体系，并将一些荒野地区，如海南的热带雨林，转变为正式的国家公园。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语之间The vital biodiversity是逻辑的被动关系，设空处应用动词的过去分词的形式。
31. into 考查介词。句意见上题解析。固定搭配transform…into…把……转变成，故填into。
32. to preserve 考查非谓语动词。句意：新的国家公园系统将使保护栖息地和物种更加实际。设空处在句中作非谓语，表示目的应用动词不定式的形式。
33. harmonious 考查形容词。句意：目的是保护生物多样性，确保人与自然之间的和谐关系。设空处后为名词， 设空处应用形容词的形式修饰名词。
34. where 考查定语从句。这些国家公园横跨中国广阔的生态系统，从生活着极度濒危物种海南长臂猿的南方海南热带雨林国家公园，到大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园、武夷山国家公园，再到位于黄河、长江和澜沧江源头的青藏高原上的三江源国家公园。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park在句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where。
35. the 考查冠词。句意见上题解析。根据空后的“of the Yellow River (黄河之滨)”可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词。
36. is reflected 考查谓语动词。句意：这些公园的名字反映了受保护的物种和栖息地的多样性。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为the diversity of species and habitats，结合主谓一致。
37. or 考查连词。句意：游客可以提前在网上预订或现场预订。设空处表示选择，意为“或”、“还是”。
38. themselves 考查反身代词。句意：他们应该掌握一些当地的知识，为这次奇妙的旅行做好准备，最大限度地享受旅行的乐趣。当主语they和宾语是同一群人时，应用反身代词作get的宾语。