北师大新版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 9 Human Biology 单元达标检测（含解析）
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| 名称 | 北师大新版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 9 Human Biology 单元达标检测（含解析） |  | |
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UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Gold Fame Citrus
by Claire Vaye Watkins($27.95)
With the flight of its characters through a landscape destroyed by climate crisis, this novel does not indicate much hopefulness for the future. Within it is a series of situations and consequences made more severe in a future California short of water. Across the desert, we follow Watkins’ characters through a place which is so transformed that it needs its own field guide of animals newly adapted for strange survival.
The Ministry for the Future
by Kim Stanley Robinson($28)
The Ministry for the Future is a masterpiece of the imagination, using fictional eyewitness accounts to tell the story of how climate change will affect us all. Its setting is not a deserted world, but a future that is almost upon us. This extraordinary novel from the visionary science fiction writer will change the way you think about the climate crisis.
Breathing Fire
by Jaime Lowe($27)
The front line of the fight against climate change is peopled with those society has forgotten. Up to 30 percent of the firefighters battling the wildfire in California each year are prisoners performing backbreaking labor while earning 40% of what a civilian makes. This book follows six female prisoner firefighters and their worried families, looking into the human cost of the environmental crisis.
Something New Under the Sun
by Alexandra Kleeman($28)
In Alexandra Kleeman’s new novel, a novelist new to Los Angeles teams up with a former child actor to investigate a conspiracy(阴谋). But this is L.A., where wildfires burn all year long and the rich store water while the poor suffer from the consequences of the climate crisis. Human weakness is pushing the city toward a disaster.
1.Which category does Breathing Fire belong to
A.Science fiction. B.Plays.
C.Non fiction. D.Biography.
2.What is Alexandra Kleeman
A.A novelist. B.An actor.
C.A firefighter. D.A minister.
3.What do the listed books have in common
A.They are on sale.
B.They show concern over the climate.
C.They are intended for teenagers.
D.They are set in California.
B
Yu Chenrui, 31, is a fantastic maker of automata. On social media, Spooner, a famous British automata artist, applauded Yu as “a great practitioner”.
Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China in Beijing. “It is like meeting a like minded friend,” Yu says, recalling the moment.
When he graduated in 2016,Yu landed a job at an advertising agency near Shichahai, where he stayed for three years, because, at that time, he was not sure whether he could make a living out of his hobby.
While working as a designer, Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in woodcarving and mechanics. Every day, when he walked along the Shichahai Lake, he watched ducks swimming and diving. He envied, in a way, their freedom to do as they pleased.
Finally, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to compensate for not following his true passion. In 2018, Yu quitted his job and returned to Chengdu to open his automata workshop.
The studio he rents exceeds 200 square meters, and Yu has spent more than 300,000 yuan refurbishing it. Just after finishing the restoration, Yu didn’t know what to do and worried about cash flow. To keep himself occupied, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer every day.
Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished. With prices ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands of yuan, his fantastic pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.
Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Woodcutter and Worm originated from his own experience of finding a wormhole while cutting wood.
In an age of technology, being a maker of automata is undoubtedly a marginal sector. Yu estimates that it has attracted no more than 10 full time makers and practitioners across the country. “I hope it can be enjoyed by people of all ages, and make them feel more connected and happier,” he says.
4.What is the correct development order according to the passage
a.Yu gardened to kill time.
b.Yu was into automata.
c.Yu resigned for his passion.
d.Yu’s business took off.
e.Yu redecorated his studio.
f.Yu worked for an advertising agency.
A.f-c-b-e-d-a B.f-c-b-e-a-d
C.b-f-c-e-a-d D.b-f-c-e-d-a
5.What does the underlined word “marginal” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Non mainstream. B.Commercial.
C.Man made. D.Superior.
6.What can we learn from the passage
A.Yu showed an interest in automata when he was a kid.
B.Yu’s works of art stem from his findings in real life.
C.Ducks comforted Yu and became his like minded friends.
D.Automata have gained popularity among those from all walks of life.
7.What is the best title for this passage
A.Knowledge starts with practice
B.Good mind leads to good careers
C.Popularity of art comes from life
D.The pursuit of one’s interest counts
C
Researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center mapped brain changes after a year of aerobic workouts and uncovered a potentially significant process: Aerobic exercise increases blood flow into two key areas of the brain associated with memory.
The study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, showed this blood flow can help even older people with memory problems improve cognition, a finding that could guide future Alzheimer’s disease research, according to UT Southwestern Medical Center.
In the study, researchers followed 30 participants who were 60 or older and had memory problems. Half experienced a year of aerobic exercise while the other half did stretches. “We’ve shown that even when your memory starts to fade, you can still do something about it by adding aerobic exercise to your lifestyle,” said Binu Thomas, a senior research scientist of UT Southwestern Medical Center who led the study. “The aerobic exercise group showed a 47% improvement in some memory scores after a year; the other group showed slight change. Brain imaging of the aerobic exercise group, taken while at rest at the beginning and end of the study, showed increased blood flows into the specific brain areas that play important roles in memory function.”
Many teams across the world are trying to determine if aerobic exercise might fight memory loss. Evidence is growing that it could at least play a small role in delaying or reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. For example, a 2018 study showed that people with lower fitness levels experience faster retrogression of vital nerve fibers in the brain called white matter related to memory.
“Blood flow in the brain connected with memory improvement is still a part of the puzzle, and we need to continue piecing it together,” Thomas says. “But we’ve seen enough data to know that starting a fitness program can have lifelong benefits for our brains as well as our hearts.”
8.What is the study mainly about
A.Old people have memory problems.
B.Aerobic exercise improves memory.
C.Aerobic workouts benefit physical health.
D.Alzheimer’s disease can be cured.
9.What happened to participants after one year aerobic exercise
A.Earlier memories were refreshed.
B.Memory scores showed very small changes.
C.Brain imaging remained the same.
D.More blood flew into memory related areas.
10.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A.The memory problem. B.One’s lifestyle.
C.Aerobic exercise. D.Something useful.
11.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Further research work requires doing.
B.More people experience memory loss.
C.The mystery of brain blood flow has been solved.
D.Signs of memory loss can be discovered earlier.
D
If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR.
CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly.
The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly.
In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes(基因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics(伦理标准). For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities.
There are also moral questions. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening—for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going.
A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong.
Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”
In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.”
12.According to the passage, what can we know about the technology of CRISPR
A.It is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for.
B.It is banned in most countries and restricted in many others.
C.It could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children.
D.It could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people.
13.What can be inferred from the passage
A.All diseases could probably be cured through the use of CRISPR.
B.Scientists had never edited genomes before CRISPR was invented.
C.CRISPR is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA.
D.CRISPR has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases.
14.What is the author’s attitude towards CRISPR
A.Supportive. B.Worried. C.Negative. D.Objective.
15.What is the passage mainly about
A.What we can and can’t do with CRISPR.
B.How CRISPR was developed by scientists.
C.The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics.
D.Scientists’ experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Activate Brain Cells
Scientists used to think that your brain stopped the growth of new cells once you reached adulthood. Happily, current research shows that it isn’t true! As you get older, you can continue to generate new brain cells.
Get regular aerobic(有氧的) exercise.
Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better improve brain cells’ growth than other forms of exercise. Add aerobic activities such as swimming, power walking, or jogging, to your regular routine. 16
Do stress relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of well being can encourage the growth of new brain cells. 17 You can do some yoga, read your favorite book, or listen to relaxing music.
18
Antioxidant rich(富含抗氧化物的) food can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of healthy new cells. Omega 3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain’s health. Add plenty of brain boosting food to your diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active social life.
19 It’s also good for your brain. Socializing helps keep your brain cells active, preventing some of the loss of brain function. If you can’t socialize in person, reach your friends over the phone or on social media.
Get plenty of good quality sleep.
If you’re an adult, try to get 7-9 hours of sleep each night. If you’re a teen, aim for 8-10 hours. Your brain heals itself of the day’s stresses while you sleep. 20 You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A.Spending time with friends isn’t just enjoyable.
B.Eat food rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.
C.Any kind of head injury may put you at risk of brain damage.
D.Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.
E.For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.
F.Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you restore your brain’s health.
G.It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Trent Johnson just celebrated his graduation from medical school in Ohio with a ceremony at his parents’ home in Florida.
He 21 a couple weeks before his actual ceremony that the college was canceling it on account of the deadly coronavirus. He was absolutely 22 . His friends 23 him to create a website so that all of his family flying to Columbus originally still could celebrate 24 . They made the living room look as special as possible, giving the 25 of the ceremony. There’s nothing that could have substituted that special 26 .
His Twitter where the video immediately went 27 has almost half a million views. He was on the news and 28 in The New York Times.
“I remember seeing my face in the newspaper and thinking I not only became a doctor, but motivated people all over the world to 29 their dreams. That was truly a(n) 30 moment.”
Johnson was brought up in an underdeveloped area where people would have 31 socioeconomic classes and it was the type of community that he wanted to 32 . Now as a 33 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, he 34 has an opportunity to do that.
As Johnson settles into his new surroundings, he will continue to spread his message of hope and 35 .
21.A.recognised B.learned C.anticipated D.recalled
22.A.sorrowful B.pitiful C.awkward D.guilty
23.A.permitted B.begged C.appointed D.helped
24.A.consistently B.virtually C.casually D.formally
25.A.standard B.origin
C.popularity D.atmosphere
26.A.memory B.option C.moment D.design
27.A.viral B.mad C.wild D.blank
28.A.evaluated B.featured C.engaged D.promoted
29.A.change B.start C.sacrifice D.follow
30.A.scary B.awful C.incredible D.specific
31.A.low B.powerful C.rare D.noble
32.A.heal B.escape C.reform D.serve
33.A.pioneer B.chemist C.physician D.professor
34.A.seldom B.just C.still D.yet
35.A.inspiration B.innovation C.cooperation D.admiration
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Human activity is changing the surface and temperature of the planet. New research shows it is also changing the sound of the Earth’s seas. According to a study 36 (publish)in the magazine Science, the changes in the sounds of our seas and other waterways affect many sea animals.
For fish, sound is probably a 37 (good)way to sense their environment than light. Sounds help fish and other sea animals survive. They depend on sounds to communicate. Sounds also help some sea animals find food and avoid their hunters. 38 addition, many sea animals use sounds to find good places to mate(交配). However, increasing noise from humans now 39 (make)it harder for these sea animals to hear each other. The noise comes from shipping traffic, motorized fishing ships, underwater oil and gas exploration, offshore 40 (construct), and other noisy human activities.
For many sea species, their attempts 41 (communicate) are being masked by sounds 42 have been introduced by humans. Also, the general number of sea animals 43 (decrease)by about half since 1970.
Effects of noise on animals 44 (live)in the sea aren’t well understood. However, some studies suggest that noise may bring about hearing loss. The stress from human noise might also affect the immune system—an animal’s 45 (nature)defence system.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,得知外教Jack最近经常头痛,吃药后效果不佳。请你给他写一封电子邮件,推荐他尝试中医治疗。内容包括:
1.中医的优点;
2.期待他早日康复。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to know you are being troubled by headaches and cannot recover after taking the medicine.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Effective communication can make you an effective leader and success can come much more easily. It is very important to be a confident and efficient communicator so that others can understand you. However, in order to become an effective communicator, you need to be an effective listener first.
To be a good listener, you need effective listening skills, which will help you.
Understand other people’s point of view. However, most people generally overlook the skill of listening. Actually, communication is never a complete process if you are only a good speaker without being a good listener. You may be very good at expressing your thoughts effectively. But if you are not good at understanding other people’s point of view, it will never be considered effective communication.
Usually, speaking is considered an active process and listening is claimed to be a passive process. Listening, however, is undoubtedly an active process, too. It doesn’t just mean sitting in front of someone and staring at their eyes. In order to understand someone better, you need to analyze their thoughts and words. Additionally, you need to show that you are listening. For instance, you can say “I see” or “Go on” or just nod your head. Of course, in the case of disagreement, you do not necessarily have to do that. You can also ask questions if you have problems understanding that person’s perspective. Asking questions will not only improve your listening habits but also make the other person realize that they are being heard.
Too often, we attach great importance to the skill of speaking; however, most of us do not value the skill of listening very highly. Now is the time for you to break the old stereotype(刻板印象)and follow the new trend, which is a contributing factor in effective communication.
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D
8.B 9.D 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.D
15.C 16.E 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.G 21.B
22.A 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.A 28.B
29.D 30.C 31.A 32.D 33.C 34.B 35.A
36.published 37.better 38.In 39.is making 40.construction 41.to communicate 42.that/which 43.has decreased 44.living 45.natural
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本与气候危机有关的小说。
1.C 推理判断题。根据对Breathing Fire 的介绍中的最后一句可知,该书讲述了六个女囚犯消防员和她们的家庭的故事,由此推断Breathing Fire是纪实文学。
2.A 推理判断题。根据对Something New Under the Sun的介绍中的“In Alexandra Kleeman’s new novel”可推知,Alexandra Kleeman是一位小说家。
3.B 细节理解题。在介绍四本小说时,文中先后出现了“by climate crisis” “the climate crisis” “the environmental crisis”和“the consequences of the climate crisis”,由此可知每一本小说都将气候危机作为写作背景,即这四本小说都体现了对气候的担忧。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了机巧装置制造者俞宸睿为自己的爱好奋斗的故事。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,俞在2015年喜欢上机巧装置;根据第三段第一句可知,2016年俞毕业后在一家广告公司工作;根据第五段最后一句可知,在2018年因为对机巧装置的热爱,俞辞掉了广告公司的工作;根据第六段内容可知,辞职后,他重新装修了工作室,并从事园艺种植以打发时间;根据第七段内容可知,因为名声越来越大,他的生意越来越兴隆。
5.A 词义猜测题。根据画线单词后一句可知,俞估计机巧装置在全国只吸引了不超过10个全职制作者和从业者,所以机巧装置制作是一个边缘职业,画线单词marginal的意思是“边缘的,非主流的”。故选A。non mainstream非主流的;commercial商业的;man made人造的;superior更好的,更胜一筹的。
6.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知,俞的许多作品都带着些许智慧和幽默,它们的灵感来源于对现实生活的观察,所以俞的艺术作品来自他在现实生活中的发现。故选B。
7.D 主旨大意题。阅读文章内容可知,文章讲述从小对手工艺术感兴趣的俞宸睿在第一次见到机巧装置时就喜欢上了它。毕业后,俞宸睿在一家广告公司工作,业余时间他不断钻研他的兴趣爱好。2018年,他辞职回到成都,做起了“木匠”,最终经过不断努力,他在机巧装置界获得成功。他的故事告诉我们,对自己兴趣的追求很重要。故选D。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,研究人员通过实验发现有氧锻炼增加了大脑中与记忆相关的两个关键区域的血液流量,研究表明,这种血液流动甚至可以帮助有记忆问题的老年人改善认知能力,这一发现可以指导未来的阿尔茨海默病研究。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究的重要意义。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“得克萨斯大学西南医学中心的研究人员了解了一年有氧锻炼后大脑的变化,并发现了一个潜在的重要过程:有氧锻炼增加了大脑中与记忆相关的两个关键区域的血液流量”以及第二段“得克萨斯大学西南医学中心称,这项发表在《阿尔茨海默病杂志》上的研究表明,这种血液流动甚至可以帮助有记忆问题的老年人改善认知能力,这一发现可以指导未来的阿尔茨海默病研究”可知,这项研究的主要内容是“有氧锻炼可以提高记忆力”。故选B。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“有氧锻炼组在研究开始和结束的休息时进行的大脑成像显示,增加的血液流入了对记忆功能起重要作用的大脑特定区域”可知,经过一年的有氧锻炼后,更多的血液流入与记忆相关的区域。故选D。
10.A 词义猜测题。我们已经证明,即使你的记忆力开始减退,你仍然可以通过在你的生活方式中增加有氧锻炼来做一些防止记忆力减退的事情。A.The memory problem.记忆问题。B.One’s lifestyle.某人的生活方式。C.Aerobic exercise.有氧锻炼。D.Something useful.有用的事情。所以这里的it指的是前文的“your memory starts to fade(你的记忆力开始减退)”。故选A。
11.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“托马斯说:‘大脑中的血液流动与记忆改善有关,这仍然是谜题的一部分,我们需要继续把它拼凑起来’”可推知,需要做进一步的研究工作。故选A。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了可以通过改变基因组来治疗疾病的CRISPR技术。
12.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,基因编辑可能会导致父母不能做出对孩子最有利的选择,故选C项。
13.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,CRISPR技术使得所有疾病的治愈成为可能,故选A项。
14.D 推理判断题。作者详细介绍了CRISPR技术在治疗疾病方面的帮助作用以及人们对它的各种顾虑。作者是客观如实介绍的,所以对此技术的观点是客观的。故选D。supportive支持的;worried担忧的;negative消极的;objective客观的。
15.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者在第一段以提问的形式引出了话题:CRISPR技术可以通过改变基因来治疗疾病,第二段解释了什么是CRISPR,第三段说明了它的优势,第四段到第七段介绍了CRISPR的弊端和在伦理方面引发的各种争论,故选C项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了激活脑细胞的几种方法。
16.E 本段建议进行有规律的有氧运动。上句提到在日常生活中增加一些有氧运动,如游泳、快走或慢跑,E项“For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.”是针对上句提出的有氧运动的具体实施建议,符合语境。jogging是原词复现。
17.D 本段建议做减压的活动。上句提到减轻压力的、给你带来幸福感的活动可以促进新的脑细胞生长。D项“Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.”表示要尝试每天做一些能带来快乐和使你放松的事情,承接上文。D项中的“bring you pleasure”和上句中的“give you a sense of well being”语义一致,D项中的“help you relax”和上句中的“reduce stress”语义一致。
18.B 下文提到富含抗氧化物的食物可以防止损害现有的脑细胞,促进新的健康细胞的生长。Ω 3脂肪酸也有助于改善你的大脑健康。由此可知本段与食物有关,B项“Eat foods rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.”表达了此意,概括了本段的大意。
19.A 本段建议我们要保持积极的社交生活。空后提到这对大脑也有好处,根据“also”可知空处应该说明保持积极的社交生活的好处。A项“Spending time with friends isn’t just enjoyable.”表达了此意,与下句并列,符合语境。
20.G 本段建议我们要拥有充足的高质量的睡眠。空前提到睡眠时人的大脑会从白天的压力中恢复过来,说明了睡眠对大脑的好处。G项“It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.”与上句并列,说明睡眠对大脑的另一个好处是可以处理白天获取的信息,帮助你学习和保存新的记忆。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了特伦特·约翰逊在朋友的帮助下和家人在网上庆祝了自己的毕业典礼,传播了希望和鼓舞人心的信息。
21.B 根据下文“the college was canceling it on account of the deadly coronavirus”可知,此处指得知(learned)典礼取消的消息。recognise识别;anticipate预期;recall回想起。
22.A 由下文他们在网上庆祝毕业典礼可知,毕业典礼对Trent Johnson来说很重要,典礼被取消,他肯定觉得伤心(sorrowful)。pitiful可怜的;awkward尴尬的;guilty内疚的。
23.D 根据下文“him to create a website”可知,此处指帮助Trent Johnson创建了一个网站。help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事。
24.B 根据上文朋友们帮助他创建了一个网站可知,毕业典礼是在网上庆祝,所以此处指虚拟地(virtually)庆祝。consistently一贯地;casually随便地;formally正式地。
25.D 根据上文“They made the living room look as special as possible”可知他们尽可能地把客厅布置得特殊,所以此处指营造毕业典礼的氛围(atmosphere)。standard标准;origin起源;popularity普及。
26.C 结合上文可知,他们在网上庆祝毕业典礼,所以此处指庆祝典礼的特殊的时刻(moment)。
27.A 根据下文“has almost half a million views”可知,视频有近50万的点击量,所以此处指视频在网上迅速传播开来。go viral疯狂传播。
28.B 结合上文“He was on the news”和下文“in The New York Times”可知,此处指登上报纸。feature in是……的重要内容。evaluate评估;engage参与;promote促进。
29.D 根据下文“their dreams”可知,此处指激励全世界的人追随自己的梦想。follow one’s dream追随某人的梦想。
30.C 结合上文内容“thinking I not only became a doctor, but motivated people all over the world”可知,Johnson想到自己不仅成了一名医生,还激励了别人;由下文内容可知Johnson的成长环境不好,所以他对自己现在的成就感到不可思议(incredible)。
31.A 根据上文“Johnson was brought up in an underdeveloped area”可推知,欠发达地区的人们社会经济地位低下(low)。
32.D 结合上文“it was the type of community that he wanted to”以及后文提到Johnson作为医生有机会帮助他人可推知,他渴望为那些经济欠发达地区的社区服务(serve)。
33.C 此处呼应上文“I not only became a doctor”,指Johnson如今是一名医生(physician)。
34.B 结合上文可知,Johnson希望为经济欠发达地区的人服务,而如今他成了医生,这刚好(just)是一个为他人服务的机会。
35.A 根据上文“he will continue to spread his message of hope and”可知,Johnson希望继续传播有关希望和鼓舞(inspiration)的信息。innovation创新;cooperation合作;admiration钦佩。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一项科学研究。该项研究表明人类活动不仅影响了地球的表面和温度,还会改变海洋里的声音,从而影响许多海洋动物。
36.published 考查过去分词。分析句子结构,此处要填非谓语形式,动词publish意为“发表”,和study构成被动关系,且此处表示动作已经完成,所以应用过去分词作后置定语,故填published。
37.better 考查形容词比较级。根据than light可知,此处应用形容词的比较级,故填better。
38.In 考查介词。in addition意为“此外”,为固定搭配,故填In。
39.is making 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述正在发生的事件,应用现在进行时;句中的now也是提示。主语noise在此处为不可数名词,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is making。
40.construction 考查名词。此处作介词from的宾语,与前面的“shipping traffic” “motorized fishing ships” “underwater oil and gas exploration”并列,应用名词形式。construction意为“建造”。故填construction。
41.to communicate 考查不定式。an attempt/attempts to do sth.试图/尝试做某事,故填to communicate。
42.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,句中包含are being masked和have been introduced两个谓语,且不是并列关系,故设空处引导定语从句,先行词为sounds,关系词在从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词that或which。
43.has decreased 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据since 1970可知,此处应用现在完成时。“the general number of+名词复数”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,故填has decreased。
44.living 考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,动词live意为“活着,存活”,和animals为逻辑上的主动关系,所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填living。
45.natural 考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语defence system,应用形容词作定语,故填natural。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to know you are being troubled by headaches and cannot recover after taking the medicine. Therefore, I am writing to recommend you to have a try on traditional Chinese medicine.
Compared with Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine possesses many advantages. For example, doctors of traditional Chinese medicine tend to offer patients a particular prescription based on their personal conditions to create a more effective treatment. Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine also relieves the patients of their suffering by acupuncture, which has minor side effects on them.
As a result, I strongly advise you to try it, hoping that you will be free of the headache and that your health will pick up so that all of us can enjoy your inspiring lessons soon.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Effective listening is essential to effective communication.(要点1)To become effective listeners, you need to equip yourself with necessary listening skills to understand others’ opinions.(要点2) Actually, listening is definitely an active process, which involves thinking carefully about what you hear and giving positive responses or asking questions to show you are listening carefully.(要点3) From now on, you should pay more attention to listening to the speaker effectively.(要点4)
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Gold Fame Citrus
by Claire Vaye Watkins($27.95)
With the flight of its characters through a landscape destroyed by climate crisis, this novel does not indicate much hopefulness for the future. Within it is a series of situations and consequences made more severe in a future California short of water. Across the desert, we follow Watkins’ characters through a place which is so transformed that it needs its own field guide of animals newly adapted for strange survival.
The Ministry for the Future
by Kim Stanley Robinson($28)
The Ministry for the Future is a masterpiece of the imagination, using fictional eyewitness accounts to tell the story of how climate change will affect us all. Its setting is not a deserted world, but a future that is almost upon us. This extraordinary novel from the visionary science fiction writer will change the way you think about the climate crisis.
Breathing Fire
by Jaime Lowe($27)
The front line of the fight against climate change is peopled with those society has forgotten. Up to 30 percent of the firefighters battling the wildfire in California each year are prisoners performing backbreaking labor while earning 40% of what a civilian makes. This book follows six female prisoner firefighters and their worried families, looking into the human cost of the environmental crisis.
Something New Under the Sun
by Alexandra Kleeman($28)
In Alexandra Kleeman’s new novel, a novelist new to Los Angeles teams up with a former child actor to investigate a conspiracy(阴谋). But this is L.A., where wildfires burn all year long and the rich store water while the poor suffer from the consequences of the climate crisis. Human weakness is pushing the city toward a disaster.
1.Which category does Breathing Fire belong to
A.Science fiction. B.Plays.
C.Non fiction. D.Biography.
2.What is Alexandra Kleeman
A.A novelist. B.An actor.
C.A firefighter. D.A minister.
3.What do the listed books have in common
A.They are on sale.
B.They show concern over the climate.
C.They are intended for teenagers.
D.They are set in California.
B
Yu Chenrui, 31, is a fantastic maker of automata. On social media, Spooner, a famous British automata artist, applauded Yu as “a great practitioner”.
Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China in Beijing. “It is like meeting a like minded friend,” Yu says, recalling the moment.
When he graduated in 2016,Yu landed a job at an advertising agency near Shichahai, where he stayed for three years, because, at that time, he was not sure whether he could make a living out of his hobby.
While working as a designer, Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in woodcarving and mechanics. Every day, when he walked along the Shichahai Lake, he watched ducks swimming and diving. He envied, in a way, their freedom to do as they pleased.
Finally, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to compensate for not following his true passion. In 2018, Yu quitted his job and returned to Chengdu to open his automata workshop.
The studio he rents exceeds 200 square meters, and Yu has spent more than 300,000 yuan refurbishing it. Just after finishing the restoration, Yu didn’t know what to do and worried about cash flow. To keep himself occupied, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer every day.
Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished. With prices ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands of yuan, his fantastic pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.
Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Woodcutter and Worm originated from his own experience of finding a wormhole while cutting wood.
In an age of technology, being a maker of automata is undoubtedly a marginal sector. Yu estimates that it has attracted no more than 10 full time makers and practitioners across the country. “I hope it can be enjoyed by people of all ages, and make them feel more connected and happier,” he says.
4.What is the correct development order according to the passage
a.Yu gardened to kill time.
b.Yu was into automata.
c.Yu resigned for his passion.
d.Yu’s business took off.
e.Yu redecorated his studio.
f.Yu worked for an advertising agency.
A.f-c-b-e-d-a B.f-c-b-e-a-d
C.b-f-c-e-a-d D.b-f-c-e-d-a
5.What does the underlined word “marginal” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Non mainstream. B.Commercial.
C.Man made. D.Superior.
6.What can we learn from the passage
A.Yu showed an interest in automata when he was a kid.
B.Yu’s works of art stem from his findings in real life.
C.Ducks comforted Yu and became his like minded friends.
D.Automata have gained popularity among those from all walks of life.
7.What is the best title for this passage
A.Knowledge starts with practice
B.Good mind leads to good careers
C.Popularity of art comes from life
D.The pursuit of one’s interest counts
C
Researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center mapped brain changes after a year of aerobic workouts and uncovered a potentially significant process: Aerobic exercise increases blood flow into two key areas of the brain associated with memory.
The study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, showed this blood flow can help even older people with memory problems improve cognition, a finding that could guide future Alzheimer’s disease research, according to UT Southwestern Medical Center.
In the study, researchers followed 30 participants who were 60 or older and had memory problems. Half experienced a year of aerobic exercise while the other half did stretches. “We’ve shown that even when your memory starts to fade, you can still do something about it by adding aerobic exercise to your lifestyle,” said Binu Thomas, a senior research scientist of UT Southwestern Medical Center who led the study. “The aerobic exercise group showed a 47% improvement in some memory scores after a year; the other group showed slight change. Brain imaging of the aerobic exercise group, taken while at rest at the beginning and end of the study, showed increased blood flows into the specific brain areas that play important roles in memory function.”
Many teams across the world are trying to determine if aerobic exercise might fight memory loss. Evidence is growing that it could at least play a small role in delaying or reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. For example, a 2018 study showed that people with lower fitness levels experience faster retrogression of vital nerve fibers in the brain called white matter related to memory.
“Blood flow in the brain connected with memory improvement is still a part of the puzzle, and we need to continue piecing it together,” Thomas says. “But we’ve seen enough data to know that starting a fitness program can have lifelong benefits for our brains as well as our hearts.”
8.What is the study mainly about
A.Old people have memory problems.
B.Aerobic exercise improves memory.
C.Aerobic workouts benefit physical health.
D.Alzheimer’s disease can be cured.
9.What happened to participants after one year aerobic exercise
A.Earlier memories were refreshed.
B.Memory scores showed very small changes.
C.Brain imaging remained the same.
D.More blood flew into memory related areas.
10.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A.The memory problem. B.One’s lifestyle.
C.Aerobic exercise. D.Something useful.
11.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Further research work requires doing.
B.More people experience memory loss.
C.The mystery of brain blood flow has been solved.
D.Signs of memory loss can be discovered earlier.
D
If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR.
CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly.
The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly.
In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes(基因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics(伦理标准). For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities.
There are also moral questions. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening—for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going.
A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong.
Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”
In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.”
12.According to the passage, what can we know about the technology of CRISPR
A.It is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for.
B.It is banned in most countries and restricted in many others.
C.It could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children.
D.It could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people.
13.What can be inferred from the passage
A.All diseases could probably be cured through the use of CRISPR.
B.Scientists had never edited genomes before CRISPR was invented.
C.CRISPR is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA.
D.CRISPR has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases.
14.What is the author’s attitude towards CRISPR
A.Supportive. B.Worried. C.Negative. D.Objective.
15.What is the passage mainly about
A.What we can and can’t do with CRISPR.
B.How CRISPR was developed by scientists.
C.The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics.
D.Scientists’ experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Activate Brain Cells
Scientists used to think that your brain stopped the growth of new cells once you reached adulthood. Happily, current research shows that it isn’t true! As you get older, you can continue to generate new brain cells.
Get regular aerobic(有氧的) exercise.
Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better improve brain cells’ growth than other forms of exercise. Add aerobic activities such as swimming, power walking, or jogging, to your regular routine. 16
Do stress relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of well being can encourage the growth of new brain cells. 17 You can do some yoga, read your favorite book, or listen to relaxing music.
18
Antioxidant rich(富含抗氧化物的) food can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of healthy new cells. Omega 3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain’s health. Add plenty of brain boosting food to your diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active social life.
19 It’s also good for your brain. Socializing helps keep your brain cells active, preventing some of the loss of brain function. If you can’t socialize in person, reach your friends over the phone or on social media.
Get plenty of good quality sleep.
If you’re an adult, try to get 7-9 hours of sleep each night. If you’re a teen, aim for 8-10 hours. Your brain heals itself of the day’s stresses while you sleep. 20 You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A.Spending time with friends isn’t just enjoyable.
B.Eat food rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.
C.Any kind of head injury may put you at risk of brain damage.
D.Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.
E.For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.
F.Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you restore your brain’s health.
G.It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Trent Johnson just celebrated his graduation from medical school in Ohio with a ceremony at his parents’ home in Florida.
He 21 a couple weeks before his actual ceremony that the college was canceling it on account of the deadly coronavirus. He was absolutely 22 . His friends 23 him to create a website so that all of his family flying to Columbus originally still could celebrate 24 . They made the living room look as special as possible, giving the 25 of the ceremony. There’s nothing that could have substituted that special 26 .
His Twitter where the video immediately went 27 has almost half a million views. He was on the news and 28 in The New York Times.
“I remember seeing my face in the newspaper and thinking I not only became a doctor, but motivated people all over the world to 29 their dreams. That was truly a(n) 30 moment.”
Johnson was brought up in an underdeveloped area where people would have 31 socioeconomic classes and it was the type of community that he wanted to 32 . Now as a 33 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, he 34 has an opportunity to do that.
As Johnson settles into his new surroundings, he will continue to spread his message of hope and 35 .
21.A.recognised B.learned C.anticipated D.recalled
22.A.sorrowful B.pitiful C.awkward D.guilty
23.A.permitted B.begged C.appointed D.helped
24.A.consistently B.virtually C.casually D.formally
25.A.standard B.origin
C.popularity D.atmosphere
26.A.memory B.option C.moment D.design
27.A.viral B.mad C.wild D.blank
28.A.evaluated B.featured C.engaged D.promoted
29.A.change B.start C.sacrifice D.follow
30.A.scary B.awful C.incredible D.specific
31.A.low B.powerful C.rare D.noble
32.A.heal B.escape C.reform D.serve
33.A.pioneer B.chemist C.physician D.professor
34.A.seldom B.just C.still D.yet
35.A.inspiration B.innovation C.cooperation D.admiration
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Human activity is changing the surface and temperature of the planet. New research shows it is also changing the sound of the Earth’s seas. According to a study 36 (publish)in the magazine Science, the changes in the sounds of our seas and other waterways affect many sea animals.
For fish, sound is probably a 37 (good)way to sense their environment than light. Sounds help fish and other sea animals survive. They depend on sounds to communicate. Sounds also help some sea animals find food and avoid their hunters. 38 addition, many sea animals use sounds to find good places to mate(交配). However, increasing noise from humans now 39 (make)it harder for these sea animals to hear each other. The noise comes from shipping traffic, motorized fishing ships, underwater oil and gas exploration, offshore 40 (construct), and other noisy human activities.
For many sea species, their attempts 41 (communicate) are being masked by sounds 42 have been introduced by humans. Also, the general number of sea animals 43 (decrease)by about half since 1970.
Effects of noise on animals 44 (live)in the sea aren’t well understood. However, some studies suggest that noise may bring about hearing loss. The stress from human noise might also affect the immune system—an animal’s 45 (nature)defence system.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,得知外教Jack最近经常头痛,吃药后效果不佳。请你给他写一封电子邮件,推荐他尝试中医治疗。内容包括:
1.中医的优点;
2.期待他早日康复。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to know you are being troubled by headaches and cannot recover after taking the medicine.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Effective communication can make you an effective leader and success can come much more easily. It is very important to be a confident and efficient communicator so that others can understand you. However, in order to become an effective communicator, you need to be an effective listener first.
To be a good listener, you need effective listening skills, which will help you.
Understand other people’s point of view. However, most people generally overlook the skill of listening. Actually, communication is never a complete process if you are only a good speaker without being a good listener. You may be very good at expressing your thoughts effectively. But if you are not good at understanding other people’s point of view, it will never be considered effective communication.
Usually, speaking is considered an active process and listening is claimed to be a passive process. Listening, however, is undoubtedly an active process, too. It doesn’t just mean sitting in front of someone and staring at their eyes. In order to understand someone better, you need to analyze their thoughts and words. Additionally, you need to show that you are listening. For instance, you can say “I see” or “Go on” or just nod your head. Of course, in the case of disagreement, you do not necessarily have to do that. You can also ask questions if you have problems understanding that person’s perspective. Asking questions will not only improve your listening habits but also make the other person realize that they are being heard.
Too often, we attach great importance to the skill of speaking; however, most of us do not value the skill of listening very highly. Now is the time for you to break the old stereotype(刻板印象)and follow the new trend, which is a contributing factor in effective communication.
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D
8.B 9.D 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.D
15.C 16.E 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.G 21.B
22.A 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.A 28.B
29.D 30.C 31.A 32.D 33.C 34.B 35.A
36.published 37.better 38.In 39.is making 40.construction 41.to communicate 42.that/which 43.has decreased 44.living 45.natural
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本与气候危机有关的小说。
1.C 推理判断题。根据对Breathing Fire 的介绍中的最后一句可知,该书讲述了六个女囚犯消防员和她们的家庭的故事,由此推断Breathing Fire是纪实文学。
2.A 推理判断题。根据对Something New Under the Sun的介绍中的“In Alexandra Kleeman’s new novel”可推知,Alexandra Kleeman是一位小说家。
3.B 细节理解题。在介绍四本小说时,文中先后出现了“by climate crisis” “the climate crisis” “the environmental crisis”和“the consequences of the climate crisis”,由此可知每一本小说都将气候危机作为写作背景,即这四本小说都体现了对气候的担忧。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了机巧装置制造者俞宸睿为自己的爱好奋斗的故事。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,俞在2015年喜欢上机巧装置;根据第三段第一句可知,2016年俞毕业后在一家广告公司工作;根据第五段最后一句可知,在2018年因为对机巧装置的热爱,俞辞掉了广告公司的工作;根据第六段内容可知,辞职后,他重新装修了工作室,并从事园艺种植以打发时间;根据第七段内容可知,因为名声越来越大,他的生意越来越兴隆。
5.A 词义猜测题。根据画线单词后一句可知,俞估计机巧装置在全国只吸引了不超过10个全职制作者和从业者,所以机巧装置制作是一个边缘职业,画线单词marginal的意思是“边缘的,非主流的”。故选A。non mainstream非主流的;commercial商业的;man made人造的;superior更好的,更胜一筹的。
6.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知,俞的许多作品都带着些许智慧和幽默,它们的灵感来源于对现实生活的观察,所以俞的艺术作品来自他在现实生活中的发现。故选B。
7.D 主旨大意题。阅读文章内容可知,文章讲述从小对手工艺术感兴趣的俞宸睿在第一次见到机巧装置时就喜欢上了它。毕业后,俞宸睿在一家广告公司工作,业余时间他不断钻研他的兴趣爱好。2018年,他辞职回到成都,做起了“木匠”,最终经过不断努力,他在机巧装置界获得成功。他的故事告诉我们,对自己兴趣的追求很重要。故选D。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,研究人员通过实验发现有氧锻炼增加了大脑中与记忆相关的两个关键区域的血液流量,研究表明,这种血液流动甚至可以帮助有记忆问题的老年人改善认知能力,这一发现可以指导未来的阿尔茨海默病研究。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究的重要意义。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“得克萨斯大学西南医学中心的研究人员了解了一年有氧锻炼后大脑的变化,并发现了一个潜在的重要过程:有氧锻炼增加了大脑中与记忆相关的两个关键区域的血液流量”以及第二段“得克萨斯大学西南医学中心称,这项发表在《阿尔茨海默病杂志》上的研究表明,这种血液流动甚至可以帮助有记忆问题的老年人改善认知能力,这一发现可以指导未来的阿尔茨海默病研究”可知,这项研究的主要内容是“有氧锻炼可以提高记忆力”。故选B。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“有氧锻炼组在研究开始和结束的休息时进行的大脑成像显示,增加的血液流入了对记忆功能起重要作用的大脑特定区域”可知,经过一年的有氧锻炼后,更多的血液流入与记忆相关的区域。故选D。
10.A 词义猜测题。我们已经证明,即使你的记忆力开始减退,你仍然可以通过在你的生活方式中增加有氧锻炼来做一些防止记忆力减退的事情。A.The memory problem.记忆问题。B.One’s lifestyle.某人的生活方式。C.Aerobic exercise.有氧锻炼。D.Something useful.有用的事情。所以这里的it指的是前文的“your memory starts to fade(你的记忆力开始减退)”。故选A。
11.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“托马斯说:‘大脑中的血液流动与记忆改善有关,这仍然是谜题的一部分,我们需要继续把它拼凑起来’”可推知,需要做进一步的研究工作。故选A。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了可以通过改变基因组来治疗疾病的CRISPR技术。
12.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,基因编辑可能会导致父母不能做出对孩子最有利的选择,故选C项。
13.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,CRISPR技术使得所有疾病的治愈成为可能,故选A项。
14.D 推理判断题。作者详细介绍了CRISPR技术在治疗疾病方面的帮助作用以及人们对它的各种顾虑。作者是客观如实介绍的,所以对此技术的观点是客观的。故选D。supportive支持的;worried担忧的;negative消极的;objective客观的。
15.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者在第一段以提问的形式引出了话题:CRISPR技术可以通过改变基因来治疗疾病,第二段解释了什么是CRISPR,第三段说明了它的优势,第四段到第七段介绍了CRISPR的弊端和在伦理方面引发的各种争论,故选C项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了激活脑细胞的几种方法。
16.E 本段建议进行有规律的有氧运动。上句提到在日常生活中增加一些有氧运动,如游泳、快走或慢跑,E项“For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.”是针对上句提出的有氧运动的具体实施建议,符合语境。jogging是原词复现。
17.D 本段建议做减压的活动。上句提到减轻压力的、给你带来幸福感的活动可以促进新的脑细胞生长。D项“Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.”表示要尝试每天做一些能带来快乐和使你放松的事情,承接上文。D项中的“bring you pleasure”和上句中的“give you a sense of well being”语义一致,D项中的“help you relax”和上句中的“reduce stress”语义一致。
18.B 下文提到富含抗氧化物的食物可以防止损害现有的脑细胞,促进新的健康细胞的生长。Ω 3脂肪酸也有助于改善你的大脑健康。由此可知本段与食物有关,B项“Eat foods rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.”表达了此意,概括了本段的大意。
19.A 本段建议我们要保持积极的社交生活。空后提到这对大脑也有好处,根据“also”可知空处应该说明保持积极的社交生活的好处。A项“Spending time with friends isn’t just enjoyable.”表达了此意,与下句并列,符合语境。
20.G 本段建议我们要拥有充足的高质量的睡眠。空前提到睡眠时人的大脑会从白天的压力中恢复过来,说明了睡眠对大脑的好处。G项“It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.”与上句并列,说明睡眠对大脑的另一个好处是可以处理白天获取的信息,帮助你学习和保存新的记忆。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了特伦特·约翰逊在朋友的帮助下和家人在网上庆祝了自己的毕业典礼,传播了希望和鼓舞人心的信息。
21.B 根据下文“the college was canceling it on account of the deadly coronavirus”可知,此处指得知(learned)典礼取消的消息。recognise识别;anticipate预期;recall回想起。
22.A 由下文他们在网上庆祝毕业典礼可知,毕业典礼对Trent Johnson来说很重要,典礼被取消,他肯定觉得伤心(sorrowful)。pitiful可怜的;awkward尴尬的;guilty内疚的。
23.D 根据下文“him to create a website”可知,此处指帮助Trent Johnson创建了一个网站。help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事。
24.B 根据上文朋友们帮助他创建了一个网站可知,毕业典礼是在网上庆祝,所以此处指虚拟地(virtually)庆祝。consistently一贯地;casually随便地;formally正式地。
25.D 根据上文“They made the living room look as special as possible”可知他们尽可能地把客厅布置得特殊,所以此处指营造毕业典礼的氛围(atmosphere)。standard标准;origin起源;popularity普及。
26.C 结合上文可知,他们在网上庆祝毕业典礼,所以此处指庆祝典礼的特殊的时刻(moment)。
27.A 根据下文“has almost half a million views”可知,视频有近50万的点击量,所以此处指视频在网上迅速传播开来。go viral疯狂传播。
28.B 结合上文“He was on the news”和下文“in The New York Times”可知,此处指登上报纸。feature in是……的重要内容。evaluate评估;engage参与;promote促进。
29.D 根据下文“their dreams”可知,此处指激励全世界的人追随自己的梦想。follow one’s dream追随某人的梦想。
30.C 结合上文内容“thinking I not only became a doctor, but motivated people all over the world”可知,Johnson想到自己不仅成了一名医生,还激励了别人;由下文内容可知Johnson的成长环境不好,所以他对自己现在的成就感到不可思议(incredible)。
31.A 根据上文“Johnson was brought up in an underdeveloped area”可推知,欠发达地区的人们社会经济地位低下(low)。
32.D 结合上文“it was the type of community that he wanted to”以及后文提到Johnson作为医生有机会帮助他人可推知,他渴望为那些经济欠发达地区的社区服务(serve)。
33.C 此处呼应上文“I not only became a doctor”,指Johnson如今是一名医生(physician)。
34.B 结合上文可知,Johnson希望为经济欠发达地区的人服务,而如今他成了医生,这刚好(just)是一个为他人服务的机会。
35.A 根据上文“he will continue to spread his message of hope and”可知,Johnson希望继续传播有关希望和鼓舞(inspiration)的信息。innovation创新;cooperation合作;admiration钦佩。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一项科学研究。该项研究表明人类活动不仅影响了地球的表面和温度,还会改变海洋里的声音,从而影响许多海洋动物。
36.published 考查过去分词。分析句子结构,此处要填非谓语形式,动词publish意为“发表”,和study构成被动关系,且此处表示动作已经完成,所以应用过去分词作后置定语,故填published。
37.better 考查形容词比较级。根据than light可知,此处应用形容词的比较级,故填better。
38.In 考查介词。in addition意为“此外”,为固定搭配,故填In。
39.is making 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述正在发生的事件,应用现在进行时;句中的now也是提示。主语noise在此处为不可数名词,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is making。
40.construction 考查名词。此处作介词from的宾语,与前面的“shipping traffic” “motorized fishing ships” “underwater oil and gas exploration”并列,应用名词形式。construction意为“建造”。故填construction。
41.to communicate 考查不定式。an attempt/attempts to do sth.试图/尝试做某事,故填to communicate。
42.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,句中包含are being masked和have been introduced两个谓语,且不是并列关系,故设空处引导定语从句,先行词为sounds,关系词在从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词that或which。
43.has decreased 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据since 1970可知,此处应用现在完成时。“the general number of+名词复数”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,故填has decreased。
44.living 考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,动词live意为“活着,存活”,和animals为逻辑上的主动关系,所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填living。
45.natural 考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语defence system,应用形容词作定语,故填natural。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to know you are being troubled by headaches and cannot recover after taking the medicine. Therefore, I am writing to recommend you to have a try on traditional Chinese medicine.
Compared with Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine possesses many advantages. For example, doctors of traditional Chinese medicine tend to offer patients a particular prescription based on their personal conditions to create a more effective treatment. Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine also relieves the patients of their suffering by acupuncture, which has minor side effects on them.
As a result, I strongly advise you to try it, hoping that you will be free of the headache and that your health will pick up so that all of us can enjoy your inspiring lessons soon.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Effective listening is essential to effective communication.(要点1)To become effective listeners, you need to equip yourself with necessary listening skills to understand others’ opinions.(要点2) Actually, listening is definitely an active process, which involves thinking carefully about what you hear and giving positive responses or asking questions to show you are listening carefully.(要点3) From now on, you should pay more attention to listening to the speaker effectively.(要点4)